WO2004031340A1 - Intercambiador de calor tanque de fermentación - Google Patents
Intercambiador de calor tanque de fermentación Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004031340A1 WO2004031340A1 PCT/MX2002/000096 MX0200096W WO2004031340A1 WO 2004031340 A1 WO2004031340 A1 WO 2004031340A1 MX 0200096 W MX0200096 W MX 0200096W WO 2004031340 A1 WO2004031340 A1 WO 2004031340A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- tank
- refrigerant
- beer
- cylinders
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
- F28D1/0213—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid for heating or cooling a liquid in a tank
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G1/00—Preparation of wine or sparkling wine
- C12G1/02—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation
- C12G1/0213—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation with thermal treatment of the vintage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
Definitions
- An accessory for the cooling of fermentation tanks is presented, which can be used mainly in the production, cooling and maturation of beer, however, it can also be used in the production and fermentation of wine, fermentable alcoholic beverages or in the production of milk and milk derivatives.
- the improved fermentation equipment is arranged by the combination of a heat exchanger placed internally vertically, inside a tank, and which comprises concentric double-walled or single-walled cylinders, being able to present different modalities regarding their length. and capacity, depending on the size and geometry of the tank, and where a refrigerant will circulate through said heat exchanger to cool the liquid to the appropriate temperatures for the processes, supplying and recovering the refrigerant through distributors, which may be placed higher or inferiorly.
- the heat transfer takes place, as the exchangers are submerged in the liquid of the beer must and placed in the central part of the fermentation tanks. It also consists of tubular supports, feasible to be used as conduits for the supply and extraction of refrigerant, cleaning solutions and control signals.
- the heat exchanger of the proposed invention has the versatility of being used in both new fermentation equipment as well as adapting to existing fermentation equipment, greatly improving the cooling efficiency.
- the present invention has its field of action also in accessories for cooling, beer maturation and by extension to the fermentation of wine, whiskey, tequila, rum, vodka, in general for any type of distilled beverage produced during the fermentation of musts by means of yeasts, or any microorganism being able to also be used as a cooler and fermenter for dairy products.
- Another intention of the present invention is to have a vertical heat exchanger, immersed in the must and beer inside the fermenting tanks, consisting of tubes or cylinders with double metal walls, through which a refrigerant will circulate without mixing with the beer wort.
- the exchanger being placed inside the fermenter, manages to homogenize the temperature optimizing the cooling and fermentation process, avoiding high temperature differentials in the liquid, product of exothermic fermentation in the different areas of the liquid, which will obtain a better beer quality by having a controlled fermentation and at the same time, minimizing the formation of heavy, volatile alcohols and undesirable by-products.
- Another goal of the present invention is to have a heat exchanger which can be built in any size and with the appropriate capacity according to the cooling requirements, that is, the volume to be fermented and cooled.
- the distribution of the heat exchanger within the tank can be any and its operation can be carried out manually, automatically or in combination, the dimensions or diameter of the fermenting tank to be cooled not being a limitation.
- a wide heat exchanger has been developed in such a way that concentric system combinations with different geometries can be used, unlike having the external jackets of the fermenting tank as the only cooling element of conventional fermenting tanks.
- the present invention has been planned to eliminate the cooling jacket installed in the conical bottom of conventional fermenters, due to the feasibility of internally locating the vertical heat exchanger, bringing it closer to the bottom to cause the thermal movement necessary to cool. This part of the fe ⁇ nentador, thus achieving the same temperature and fermentation control for the entire tank and thus optimizing the fermentation process, since in this case double fermentations are eliminated.
- the versatility of the geometry of the heat exchanger has been provided by means of straight or concentric straight tubes for the passage of the refrigerant and its use will depend on the application and size of the fermenter. In this case, both the supply and extraction of the coolant from the heat exchanger is made from the outside of the fermenting tank through tubes connected to the transfer units, the coolant not having direct contact with the beer must.
- Another purpose of the present invention is to reduce the distance traveled by the refrigerant inside the vertical heat exchanger, whereby the temperature difference between the refrigerant and the liquid to be cooled remains high, allowing greater cooling efficiency, at difference of outer jackets located in conventional tanks, where the refrigerant travel distances are greater, having a lower average temperature difference.
- the circulation speed of the refrigerant is increased given the geometry of the straight tubes, thereby optimizing the cooling process.
- the placement of the vertical heat exchanger in the center of the tank reduces the formation of temperature strata compared to conventional systems and, at the same time, increases the natural speeds of the ascending and descending thermal currents, resulting in minimal differentials. temperature (more controlled fermentation) and therefore better products.
- It is another object of the present invention to provoke a vigorous movement of the must during fermentation, which induces a better contact between the yeast cells and the must, improving the fermentation process.
- Another purpose of the present invention is to allow a better use of energy and lower consumption because its entire surface is in contact with the liquid to be cooled, unlike traditional ones in which the outer wall of the jackets is oriented towards the outdoor environment causing heat losses to the environment, even with the use of insulation. It is another goal of the present invention to facilitate the homogeneity of the temperature and the movement of the liquid during cooling, helping to improve the transmission coefficients and, at the same time, eliminate the need to use carbon dioxide bubbling systems used in the systems. traditional.
- jackets are used and in arrangements with installations thereof on the vertical wall of the fermenters and cones, the jackets can be installed vertically or horizontally, in one or more cooling sections, but all of them are installed by welding them on the outer wall of the fermenter tank body.
- the cooling speed of the beer in the final stage of the process, is limited by the areas of available jackets, so that there are longer occupation times in the fermenters; requiring a greater number of these to achieve the desired production capacity in the plants.
- the heat transfer coefficients in conventional designs with external cooling jackets, are generally low, this factor, as well as the fact that only one side of the jacket is used for cooling, limits its efficiency. It is common to use carbon dioxide injection, in the final stages of cooling, to accelerate the movement of the beer and thus increase the coefficient of heat transmission for faster cooling. Additionally, on the outer face of the jacket, although it is isolated, there is an energy loss due to heat transmission due to the difference in temperatures between the external environment and the temperature of the coolant.
- the present invention consisting of a vertically placed internal heat exchanger, corrects and improves the performance of traditional systems
- Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a fermenter tank together with a vertically placed internal heat exchanger
- Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view of a fermenting tank together with a vertically placed internal heat exchanger denoting the movement or flow of the thermal currents;
- Figure 3 is a top view, in side section, of a fermenter tank showing the cable tie of the heat exchanger;
- Figure 4 is a bottom view, in side section, of a fermenter tank showing the cable tie of the heat exchanger;
- Figure 5 is a side sectional view of two double-walled cylinders through which the refrigerant circulates;
- Figure 6 is a perspective showing the upper collector detail in conjunction with the concentric tubes
- Figure 7 is a perspective showing the detail of the lower collector in conjunction with the concentric tubes
- Figures 8 to 19 show, in lateral section, how various possible arrangements or modalities of the heat exchanger that a cooling tank can carry;
- Figures 20 to 26 show, in vertical section, various forms of arrangement of the double-walled, interior and exterior cylinders of the heat exchanger that can be used.
- the present invention consists of an internal vertical heat exchanger 30, to be installed inside a tank 10, of the latter three main sections stand out: a cover upper 12, domed type, whose function will be to maintain a sufficient space to store the gases formed during the fermentation process; a body 14, of cylindrical shape whose function will be to contain the beer must to carry out the fermentation process, the exothermic reaction of which requires cooling, for which a cooling jacket 20 may be worn on the external wall, it is usually isolate the entire fermenter tank, to reduce heat losses to the environment and, the bottom 16 conical, with a variable design angle, whose function will be to receive and store the particles that settle, which are finally extracted by means of a lower valve 18, as well as the must and beer after having separated the sediments.
- a heat exchanger 30 is located, centered and vertically placed, whose function will be to cool the must and beer and keep them within the desired temperature range in the different stages of the process.
- This heat exchanger 30 is arranged by a set of two concentric straight cylinders forming a double wall through which a refrigerant circulates, to keep the beer and beer wort within the desired temperature ranges; which form the outer cylinder 32, attached at each of its ends to some donut-shaped refrigerant distributors, which we call: upper external collector 40 and collector lower external 42, through which the refrigerant will be fed, distributed and evacuated.
- the external and internal collectors are arranged in combination with the concentric cylinders that form double walls closed at their ends, carrying a multiplicity of holes 48, for the distribution and extraction of the refrigerant, located on the periphery of said ends and confined by half of a donut-shaped hemispherical cover 68 and 70.
- the double-walled outer cylinder 32 of the heat exchanger 30 is attached at its lower end to the lower outer collector 42, and has pipes 58 in place, the function of which will be both that of supporting the weight of the heat exchangers 32 and 34, as a conduit element for the refrigerant, as well as the conduction of signals from the temperature sensors and they are joined at their lower ends against the side walls of the conical section 16 .
- the pipes 50 and 52 have the function of supporting the weight of the heat exchanger 34 and also serving to conduct the refrigerant from the exchanger 32 to 34.
- the conduct of the refrigerant from the exchanger 32 to 34 can also be carried out by the duct 56 at the bottom and evacuation at the top through duct 50.
- the support pipes 60 also placed equidistant and which are joined at their ends to the body wall 14, whose function, in addition to keeping the heat exchanger in position 30, will serve to drain the refrigerant, and to conduct signals from the temperature sensors.
- the support pipes, both the lower 52 and 58, and the upper 50 and 60 are at least three in each section, distributed equidistant.
- the refrigerant will circulate to the lower external collector 42, to go through the jacket 32 and from there to the upper external collector 40, from where it is transferred through the conduits 60 to the exterior of fermenter tank.
- the refrigerant will circulate to the lower internal collector 46, to go through the jacket 34 and from there to the upper internal collector 44, from there through any of the ducts 60, evacuating the refrigerant to the outside of the fermenting tank, for collection.
- the oil purges in the case of using ammonia as a refrigerant, are external to the tank, using any of the support pipes 58 for draining.
- the equipment has also been provided with air purge lines 24, whose function will be to expel the air that accumulates inside the collectors of the heat exchanger 30, in the case of using glycol as a refrigerant.
- the cleaning requirements are very important, to avoid undesirable biological infections, this is achieved first: manufacturing the exchange systems, with a high degree of polishing on the surfaces of the exchangers and their parts, so that the release of yeast, residues, foam, beer be quick when using detergent solutions.
- the mechanical design of the heat exchanger 30 is such that during cleaning, the entire surface thereof is in contact with the cleaning liquids.
- a distribution system for cleaning solutions is made up of a central high pressure and flow cleaning turbine 22, and of at least four auxiliaries, one of them at the bottom of exchanger 30; cleaning the interior walls of the fermentor tank 10, as well as the surfaces of the heat exchanger 30, achieving efficient cleaning on the basis of flow, wall shock force, cycles and cleaning concentrations;
- the flow pattern in addition to being a removable system for inspection and maintenance, in addition to integrating sensors that detect flow movements in the turbines to guarantee cleanliness, these turbines 22 have been selected to self-clean each other so to ensure broad spectrum cleaning.
- the temperature sensors 66 can be installed inside the fermenter tank in any position in the supply or evacuation tubes 58,74 and 66, conducting the signals inside, this allows better temperature control, than installation only on the walls of the fermenter tank in traditional systems.
- the heat exchanger 30 can be formed from a larger multiple of jackets as shown in figure 8, or form a bundle of jackets as seen in figures 9 and 10, and can also be joined these jackets as shown in figure 14.
- distribution fins 60 consisting of deflector plates to ensure a more intimate contact and heat exchange as seen in Figures 16 and 17, or radial jackets 68 intermediate between the tube jackets 32 and 34.
- the heat exchanger 30 can have different dimensions in the length of the outer jackets 32 and the inner jackets 34 as can be seen in Figures 20 to 26.
- the present invention has the versatility of being able to adapt to any liquid fermentation process, and in different capacities and geometries of fermenters, even in existing conventional fermenters, for modernization, regardless of whether they have external jackets already installed .
- the cooling fluid can be of any type, that is, it can be a liquid with a high evaporation rate, or a liquid which does not undergo a noticeable change of physical state or liquid with solids with and without change of state.
- the refrigerant can be fed interchangeably through the upper part 60, or through the lower part 58 and 56, of the heat exchanger 30.
- the supply can be from the bottom or from the top, while in the case of liquid systems such as glycols, the supply must be from the bottom.
- the refrigerant enters the heat exchanger 30, for example, from the bottom through the support tubes 58, or through the lateral connections 74, the supply can be by one or through all the tubes, depending on the size of the fermenter and the process used, controlling the flow by means of valves placed externally to the inlet of the refrigerant supply.
- the information signals for temperature control are carried out by means of sensors 66, which in the case of the present invention, can be installed inside the tank to have more precise readings and fermentation control, unlike conventional systems, in which sensors are installed on the wall of the fermenting tank.
- the coolant Once the coolant enters the distributors 42 and 46. Each one will feed the concentric jackets 32 and 34, and its flooding will begin, and as I know of the evaporation of the coolant, that is, when it receives the energy in the form of heat of the must or beer, the steam will be received by the upper collectors 40 and 44, which have an internal design included as part of this document to allow an adequate collection of the used refrigerant that will lead it to the tank outlet pipe through the tubes 60 also used as supports for the heat exchanger 30 to keep it in position inside the tank.
- the liquid-gas type refrigerant for example ammonia can also be fed from the top, the flow is reversed, the only change is the type of distributors to be used.
- the feed is from the bottom 42 and 46 and the outlet from the top through the upper external collectors 40 and 44, with a special design for this type of refrigerant, in this case, the upper collectors 40 and 44 are installed with a vent and air purge system 24, necessary for proper operation.
- a liquid refrigerant for example glycol
- the evacuation of the used refrigerant from the heat exchanger 30 is made by means of the upper collectors 40 and 44 of them out of the fermentation tank 10 through one or more pipes 60 and 54 depending on the volume to be extracted and if the supply is higher. or less.
- control system is also similar to conventional ones, using on-off quick-closing valves to control the supply and exit of the refrigerant, as well as calibrated safety valves and vents internal for purge 24 directed and operated from dome 12, where control and vacuum valves 26 are also installed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Distillation Of Fermentation Liquor, Processing Of Alcohols, Vinegar And Beer (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2002347649A AU2002347649A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Heat exchanger for fermentation tank |
US10/494,133 US20050077029A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Heat exchanger for fermentation tank |
ES02783826T ES2330204T3 (es) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Intercambiador de calor para tanques de fermentacion. |
PCT/MX2002/000096 WO2004031340A1 (es) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Intercambiador de calor tanque de fermentación |
DE60233004T DE60233004D1 (de) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Wärmetauscher für gärtank |
EP02783826A EP1591516B1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Heat exchanger for fermentation tank |
BR0213576-0A BR0213576A (pt) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Trocador de calor para tanque de fermentação |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/MX2002/000096 WO2004031340A1 (es) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Intercambiador de calor tanque de fermentación |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004031340A1 true WO2004031340A1 (es) | 2004-04-15 |
Family
ID=32065056
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/MX2002/000096 WO2004031340A1 (es) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Intercambiador de calor tanque de fermentación |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050077029A1 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1591516B1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU2002347649A1 (es) |
BR (1) | BR0213576A (es) |
DE (1) | DE60233004D1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2330204T3 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2004031340A1 (es) |
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GB2577752A (en) * | 2018-10-05 | 2020-04-08 | Enviroflex Ltd | Brewing apparatus |
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CN110129172B (zh) * | 2019-06-11 | 2022-04-08 | 江西省农业科学院农产品质量安全与标准研究所 | 蒸馏器及其蒸馏装置 |
EP4110488A1 (en) | 2020-02-25 | 2023-01-04 | Abell, Thomas, U. | System and method of controlling temperature of a medium by refrigerant vaporization and working gas condensation |
CN111218363A (zh) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-02 | 宜宾味工坊酒业有限公司 | 一种立体式新型酿酒池 |
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GB1046291A (en) * | 1962-03-21 | 1966-10-19 | Watney Combe Reid & Company Lt | Process and apparatus for the treatment of fermented wort |
US3713839A (en) * | 1971-02-22 | 1973-01-30 | J Delente | Fermentation process |
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DE20107924U1 (de) * | 2000-07-14 | 2001-12-20 | Hrch Huppmann Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Erhitzung und Kühlung von Würze |
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US3681200A (en) * | 1970-11-09 | 1972-08-01 | Standard Oil Co | Shell-and-tube fermentor |
US4711163A (en) * | 1986-06-04 | 1987-12-08 | Giuseppe Capuano | Acetic acid fermentation process and apparatus |
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- 2002-10-03 US US10/494,133 patent/US20050077029A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-10-03 WO PCT/MX2002/000096 patent/WO2004031340A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-10-03 BR BR0213576-0A patent/BR0213576A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-10-03 ES ES02783826T patent/ES2330204T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-03 EP EP02783826A patent/EP1591516B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-03 DE DE60233004T patent/DE60233004D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-03 AU AU2002347649A patent/AU2002347649A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US2034468A (en) * | 1932-12-02 | 1936-03-17 | Us Process Corp | Manufacture of fermented beverages |
GB1046291A (en) * | 1962-03-21 | 1966-10-19 | Watney Combe Reid & Company Lt | Process and apparatus for the treatment of fermented wort |
US3713839A (en) * | 1971-02-22 | 1973-01-30 | J Delente | Fermentation process |
US3910172A (en) * | 1973-01-18 | 1975-10-07 | Kronenbourg Brasseries | Tanks |
US4206237A (en) * | 1977-08-15 | 1980-06-03 | Asahi Breweries Ltd. | Method of cooling beer within a fermentation tank |
DE20107924U1 (de) * | 2000-07-14 | 2001-12-20 | Hrch Huppmann Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Erhitzung und Kühlung von Würze |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SG146539A1 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-10-30 | Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd | Temperature adjustment system and temperature adjustment method of product |
US20200071655A1 (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-05 | Cedar Knoll Vineyard, Inc. d/b/a Palmaz Vineyards | System and method for monitoring and controlling conditions within a vessel |
US11702624B2 (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2023-07-18 | Cedar Knoll Vineyards, Inc. | System and method for monitoring and controlling conditions within a vessel |
GB2577752A (en) * | 2018-10-05 | 2020-04-08 | Enviroflex Ltd | Brewing apparatus |
CN111363650A (zh) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-03 | 浙江古越龙山绍兴酒股份有限公司 | 固定化酵母发酵罐 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR0213576A (pt) | 2004-08-24 |
ES2330204T3 (es) | 2009-12-07 |
EP1591516A1 (en) | 2005-11-02 |
EP1591516B1 (en) | 2009-07-15 |
US20050077029A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
AU2002347649A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
DE60233004D1 (de) | 2009-08-27 |
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