WO2004030807A1

WO2004030807A1 - Production method for magnetic field orientating element and separation method for object

Info

Publication number: WO2004030807A1
Application number: PCT/JP2003/011496
Authority: WO
Inventors: Tsunehisa Kimura
Original assignee: Japan Society For The Promotion Of Science
Priority date: 2002-10-02
Filing date: 2003-09-09
Publication date: 2004-04-15
Also published as: JPWO2004030807A1

Abstract

A means for orientating an assembly of objects having a negative uniaxial anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility (difficult by a conventional technique), a means for orientating three objects respectively different in susceptibility in respective susceptibility directions, and a means for separating objects different in shape such as mirror images. A method characterized by comprising orientating or separating objects by applying a time-wise-varying external magnetic field to an assembly of objects, a time-wise-varying external magnetic field including a sequential magnetic field, a rotary magnetic field and a combination of them.

Description

Description Method for manufacturing a magnetic field alignment body and method for separating an object

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a magnetic field oriented body that is reoriented by applying a magnetic field to an aggregate of objects, a method for manufacturing the same, and a method for separating an object, and in particular, applies an external magnetic field that fluctuates with time to the aggregate of objects. In particular, the present invention relates to a magnetic field oriented body having an orientation that cannot be obtained by applying a normal constant external magnetic field, a method of manufacturing the same, and a method of separating an object.

¾ J¾¾ technology

In recent years, a magnetic field has been actively used as a means for giving an orientation to an aggregate of objects. Particular attention has been paid to increasing the strength of a material in a specific direction by means of magnetic field orientation (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-146603) or increasing the thermal conductivity in a specific direction (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 200 2—80 6 17 No. 7, Tsunehisa Kimura, “Materials of the Future”, N.T.S Co., Ltd., 2002, Vol. 2, No. 8, p. 20-26) It is used.

In a uniaxially symmetric object such as a fiber or a hexagonal crystal (the direction of the fiber axis or shape anisotropic axis is direction 1, and the directions perpendicular thereto are direction 2 and direction 3, respectively), the susceptibility is the direction 1 ( _χι ), direction 2 (χ ₂ ), and direction 3 (χ ₃ = χ ₂ ). In a conventional magnetic field orientation, a diamagnetic object in which χ ₃ = χ ₂ _χι <0 ( _hereinafter , an object having a positive uniaxial anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility, or Xa xt— χ ₂ = χι—

> 0) For example, short fibers of carbon fiber were oriented in random directions by applying a constant external magnetic field while suspended in a liquid. All fiber axes could be uniaxially oriented parallel to the magnetic field (Tsunehisa Kimura, et al.

One, "LangmuirJ, American Chemical Society, 2000, Vol. 16, p. 858-861, USA", that is, the direction of the highest magnetic susceptibility (in the case of a diamagnetic material, the absolute value of the magnetic susceptibility) The direction (fiber axis direction) can be uniaxially oriented in the direction that is the same as the direction in which the magnetic field in Fig. 11 is not applied. the collection of which was the object, by applying a magnetic field Β in ζ axially, the object of _Xa> 0, a collection of objects uniaxially oriented in the magnetic field direction is obtained (a diagram). However, _Kaiiota < An object with χ ₂ = χ ₃ <0 (hereinafter, an object with a negative uniaxial anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility, or an object with χ ₃ = _χι — x ₂ = ^ — Χ3 = 0) When a constant external magnetic field was applied to a fiber suspended in a liquid, the fiber turned in a random direction.維軸 is arranged on a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field, (b view of the first FIG. 1) This uniaxially oriented on a plane was obtained, et al is not random.

In crystals, there are crystal systems in which all _three diamagnetic susceptibilities _χι , χ ₂ , and χ ₃ are different (eg, monoclinic). For example, when the crystal of X xs xa O, that is, χ ₃ = χί— ₂ <1 <0, is a needle-like crystal elongated in the _χι direction, the same _phenomenon as the polyethylene fiber occurs. That is, even if a constant external magnetic field is applied to this crystal, the needle-shaped crystal cannot be uniaxially oriented. Furthermore, it was impossible at all to align the directions of the three magnetic susceptibilities in a predetermined direction. However, if the direction of the three magnetic susceptibilities can be aligned in the whole object aggregate, the whole object aggregate has the same magnetic properties as one crystal, and the magnetic, electrical, and thermal properties of itself are Having a property close to that of a single crystal, it became a very valuable object, and the realization of such an object was desired.

A magnetic field may be used to separate a diamagnetic or paramagnetic object (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-86015 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-59026). Magnetic It is a method of separating an object by levitating it to a different position using the fact that the magnetic force, gravity, and buoyancy acting on an object suspended in a liquid under a field gradient differ depending on the density and magnetic susceptibility of the object. . In this method, the separation reflects the density and magnetic susceptibility of the object, but does not reflect the difference in the size or shape of the object, and separation based on these characteristics cannot be performed. Furthermore, it is impossible to separate objects whose shapes are mirror images of each other. Disclosure of the invention

The present invention has been made in order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to efficiently orient an aggregate of objects. In particular, for diamagnetic objects, there is a means by which even objects with negative uniaxial anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility, which could not be uniaxially oriented with conventional orientation technology, can have uniaxial orientation in the desired direction. To provide. In addition, an assembly of three objects with different magnetic susceptibilities, which was impossible under the conventional constant magnetic field, is precisely oriented in the three axial directions, which are the directions of the magnetic susceptibilities, and the entire assembly is Is to have magnetic properties like a single crystal. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for separating a mixture of objects having different shapes, particularly an object having a mirror image.

The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and has the following features with respect to manufacturing a magnetic field alignment body. The invention of the three magnetic susceptibility chi, chi _2> chi ₃ are different, or the aggregate of ^two are equal objects of which the the applied child an external magnetic field (temporal variation external magnetic field) that varies with time, It relates to orienting an object in a particular direction by causing the object to undergo motion specific to its magnetic properties and shape. The present invention, an object having a _{_{_{χ ι <χ 2 <χ 3}}} <0 or _{chi iota} <different diamagnetic susceptibility is χ ₂ = χ ₃ ° 0, It relates to uniaxial orientation in the direction in which the absolute value of the diamagnetic susceptibility is the largest, that is, in the χ, direction by applying a time-varying external magnetic field to the aggregate. Further, according to the present invention, after applying a time-varying external magnetic field to the object, and further applying a fixed magnetic field, the three magnetic susceptibilities _{Χ 1} , χ ₂ , χ ₃ of the object each have the following directions: It relates to manufacturing a magnetic field oriented body (precision oriented body) oriented in a specific direction for each of the constituent objects. Further, the present invention relates to the production of a magnetic field oriented body, wherein the aggregate of the objects is a suspended body dispersed in a suspension medium. The present invention also relates to fixing the orientation of the object to be suspended by solidifying or removing the suspension medium. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a magnetic field alignment body, wherein the object is a polymer liquid crystal or a low molecular liquid crystal. Further, the present invention is based on the fact that the object is an aggregate or microcrystal formed in a process of casting or solidifying from a polymer or low-molecular solution, or cooling from a molten state, or a process of melting or dissolving a crystal. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a magnetic field alignment body. Further, the present invention provides a method of fixing the orientation of a magnetic field generated in the above-described polymer or low molecule in a molded product, sheet, film, or thin film by completing a cooling process from a cast, solidified, or molten state. About.

The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and has the following features regarding a magnetic field alignment body of an aggregate of objects. According to the present invention, an aggregate of objects having different diamagnetic susceptibilities of _χι <χ ₂ <χ ₃ or _{X l} <x ₂ = x ₃ ₀₀ is formed by a time-varying external magnetic field ( When a time-varying external magnetic field is applied, it relates to a magnetic field oriented body that is uniaxially oriented in the direction in which the absolute value of the diamagnetic susceptibility is the largest, ie, in the _X1 direction. The invention further object of the three magnetic susceptibility _χι, χ _2, respective directions of chi ₃ is directed to a magnetic field oriented material comprising an aggregate of an object are respectively oriented in a particular direction. The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and has the following features regarding a method for separating a mixture of substances. According to the present invention, an aggregate of objects whose _three magnetic susceptibilities _Χι , χ ₂ , χ ₃ are different or two of which are equal is a mixture of a plurality of objects having different shapes, and the mixture is temporally added to the mixture. Applying a fluctuating external magnetic field (time-varying external magnetic field) to cause the mixture to move in a specific way to its magnetic properties and shape, and to move and separate each object in a specific direction About. The present invention also relates to the above-mentioned mixture of objects separating a mixture of objects which are mirror images of each other. In addition, the present invention relates to separating the suspended object, in which the mixed object is dispersed in a suspension medium. The present invention also relates to fixing the separated individual objects present in the suspended body by solidifying or removing the suspension medium. Further, the present invention relates to a method in which the mixed object is a high-molecular liquid crystal or a low-molecular liquid crystal, and separates them according to shape. The present invention also provides a method for applying a magnetic field effective for separating the above-mentioned magnetic field oriented body, a method for producing the same, and a mixture of objects, and has the following features. The present invention relates to a method for producing a magnetic field oriented body and a method in which a time-varying external magnetic field in the separation of a mixture comprises a plurality of external magnetic fields having different directions and is applied sequentially and alternately at predetermined time intervals. (Sequential magnetic field). The present invention also relates to the method for producing a magnetic field oriented body and the application of the time-varying external magnetic field in the separation of a mixture by a magnetic field rotating in a plane (rotating magnetic field). Further, the present invention relates to the fact that the time-varying external magnetic field is generated by moving an object with respect to a fixed magnetic field. Further, the present invention relates to the fact that the above-mentioned time-varying external magnetic field is applied by a combination of at least two external magnetic fields of a sequential magnetic field, a rotating magnetic field, and a fixed magnetic field (combination magnetic field). The present invention is characterized in that by applying a magnetic field to an aggregate of objects, the aggregate is oriented and separated. An object may exist alone as a large crystal, but in the present invention, a set of objects is targeted, and the direction of the set as a set is arranged in a certain direction. The purpose is to separate them if they are sets of different things. Objects include paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials and utilize their magnetic properties. Paramagnetic refers to magnetism that is magnetized in the direction of the magnetic field when a magnetic field is applied, and diamagnetism refers to magnetism that is magnetized in the opposite direction to the magnetic field when a magnetic field is applied. It disappears reversibly when removed. The susceptibility is χ that represents the relationship 関係 = と between the magnetization M and the magnetic field H. In an isotropic object, χ is a scalar, while in an anisotropic object, χ is a tensor, and its three principal values (or principal axis directions) are defined as χ "χ ₃

The present invention has three magnetic susceptibility _{chi iota,} chi _2, chi ₃ is different or the two are equal the object of which, (in the present invention, that the time variation external magnetic field), external magnetic field varies with time is applied thereto It is characterized by the following. The present invention is particularly effective for a diamagnetic material, that is, an object in which all three susceptibilities are negative. It is also achieved by applying a time-varying external magnetic field to an object having an anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility, particularly a uniaxial anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility. When the magnetic susceptibility in the shape anisotropic axis direction is 、 _ι and the magnetic susceptibility in the direction perpendicular to it is χ ₂ (= χ ₃ ), 物体_Β = χϊ one χ ₂ = _χι — It is called an object with uniaxial anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility. A substance having a positive x _a is referred to as a substance having a positive uniaxial anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility, and a substance having a negative x _a is referred to as a substance having a negative uniaxial anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility. Is present onset Ming object, as the object of the negative of the object having a uniaxial anisotropy diamagnetic susceptibility or chi ₃ <0,, there are polyethylene fibers, cellulose fibers or the like. Even when the three magnetic susceptibilities, _χι , χ ₂ , χ _3, are different, the shape anisotropic axis is _{χ ι} , χ ₂ , χ ₃ One of them, for example, in the same direction as _χι (<χ ₂ <χ ₃ <0), 、 ₃ = χ, — χ ₃ < _{χ ι1} χ ₂ χ 0, negative uniaxial anisotropy It can be regarded as an object having a coercive diamagnetic susceptibility.

The aggregate of the object of the present invention also applies to a suspended object suspended in a suspension medium. By applying a time-varying external magnetic field to these suspensions, the suspended objects can be arranged and separated in a certain direction. In this suspension system, the entire system can be solidified by means such as cooling or chemical reaction of the suspension medium, particularly by heat or light, etc. Can be fixed. In addition, by applying a time-varying external magnetic field to the suspension system, the suspension medium is removed by evaporation or extraction in a state where the suspension bodies are arranged in a certain direction, thereby distributing the suspension medium. The direction can be fixed. Examples of the object to be suspended in the suspension system of the present invention include short fibers, and organic or inorganic microcrystals or nanocrystals.

According to the present invention, an aggregate of objects includes a polymer liquid crystal or a low molecular liquid crystal, and by applying the time-varying external magnetic field of the present invention in such a liquid crystal state, these liquid crystals are oriented in a certain direction. Alternatively, a mixture of these liquid crystals can be separated. A side-chain type liquid crystal body containing a functional group having a high magnetic susceptibility such as an aromatic ring in the side chain often has _Xa <0 and is a target object of the present invention. The side-chain type liquid crystal can also be expected to be effective in improving electrical conductivity if the main chain can be uniaxially oriented in a certain direction.

The object referred to in the present invention includes anisotropic aggregates formed during casting or solidification from a polymer or low-molecular solution, cooling from a molten state, or melting or dissolving a crystal, and tens of nanometers. To several hundred micrometer-sized microcrystals. An anisotropic aggregate refers to a crystal precursor structure or a liquid crystal structure, a crystal melting, It means a melt that is insufficiently dissolved and is completely isotropic, and a structure that does not reach a solution. According to recent studies on polymer crystallization, such anisotropic aggregates are thought to exist before crystal formation or in the melt. Since the anisotropic aggregate has a structure in which the polymer chains are more or less aligned, molecular orientation is achieved by orienting the anisotropic aggregate in the magnetic field. In these processes, by applying the time-varying external magnetic field of the present invention, in the case of a high molecule, it is possible to produce a magnetic field oriented body in which the molecular chains are uniaxially oriented. Examples of the polymer melt of the present invention include melts of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene oxide, isotactic polypropylene, isotactic polystyrene, and the like. Further, as the polymer solution, a copper ammonia solution of cellulose, an aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide are used. And an organic solvent solution of cellulose triacetate. When a time-varying external magnetic field is applied during the process of casting from these polymer or low-molecular solutions and solidifying or cooling from the molten state, the molecules are oriented in a certain direction as a molded body, sheet, film, or thin film It could be a magnetic field oriented body.

The present invention is characterized in that an aggregate of objects is oriented in a specific direction by applying a magnetic field. Specific directions include uniaxial orientation, in which one susceptibility direction is oriented in one direction, and planar orientation, in which one susceptibility direction (principal axis) exists only within a certain plane. Further, in the present invention, in an aggregate of objects, the three principal axes of each object can be oriented as an aggregate of objects each pointing in a specific direction, which is referred to as precision alignment. The degree of orientation in the present invention means, for example, that the Lie-axis orientation is caused by a magnetic field when an external magnetic field is applied to an aggregate of target objects so that the degree of Lie-axis orientation is larger than before the magnetic field is applied. That. The degree of uniaxial orientation of an object can be determined by, for example, X-ray diffraction for a crystalline substance. Due to the angular distribution of diffraction from a specific crystal plane, its half value By evaluating the width, the degree of reorientation is determined. For crystalline or amorphous substances, the degree of orientation can also be determined from the dichroism of the absorption peak due to a specific functional group in infrared spectroscopy. The degree of orientation can also be determined from optical properties such as birefringence. In any case, it is possible to select an orientation measuring means suitable for the substance. By measuring before and after the application of an external magnetic field with the same degree of orientation measuring means, it is possible to verify whether or not the magnetic field is oriented.

The mixture of objects in the present invention refers to an aggregate of objects having the same magnitude of three magnetic susceptibilities but different shapes. Objects include crystals, fibers, and liquid crystals. A mixture of two or more objects having different shapes is also included. This includes the case where these substances are suspended in the suspending medium or the case where they are mixed without the suspending medium. If the shape of the object is different, for example, even if it is a crystal of the same compound, the shape differs depending on whether it is a needle or a plate. Also, the same type of fiber with the same diameter has a different shape if the length is different. Objects having different sizes but the same shape (similar) are also included when the shapes of the present invention are different. In addition, enantiomers are included.

The object whose shape is a mirror image body in the present invention means an object having a shape in which an image reflected on a mirror cannot be superimposed on an original image. If you mirror your right hand in a mirror, you can get an image of your left hand, but your right and left hands cannot be superimposed, so your hand is a mirror image. In general, when a time-varying external magnetic field, for example, a rotating magnetic field is applied to an aggregate of objects having a certain shape, the object receives a torque corresponding to its magnetic property from the rotating magnetic field and attempts to perform a rotational motion. Hydrodynamic torque acts on the movement to prevent rotational movement from the fluid surrounding the object. The rotation axis of the mechanical rotation torque is generally different from the rotation axis of the torque received from the rotating magnetic field, except when the object is spherical. For this reason, the object is subject to its own rotational movement or its rotational movement, depending on its shape. A unique translational movement is performed. For example, when a right-hand screw and a left-hand screw apply a rotating magnetic field around the screw axis, the left-hand screw moves backward while the left-hand screw moves forward.

The mixture of objects in the enantiomer according to the present invention includes microcrystals of optical isomers of organic, inorganic and biologically relevant substances. The microcrystal must have a size such that the motion induced by the time-varying external magnetic field cannot be prevented by thermal disturbance. When a magnetic field of about 1 O T (tesla) is used, the size is about several tens of nanometers. It is also effective to lower the temperature of the medium, such as in liquid nitrogen, to reduce thermal disturbance. Furthermore, in order to effectively couple the rotational motion and the translational motion induced by it, the microcrystal is oriented in a predetermined direction using a sequentially changing magnetic field, and then a rotating magnetic field is applied. May be useful.

The time-varying external magnetic field applied in the present invention refers to a magnetic field that can be applied from outside the aggregate of the target object by a permanent magnet, an electromagnet, a superconducting magnet, or the like. The magnitude of the time-varying external magnetic field used in the present invention is preferably such that the maximum value of the fluctuation is not less than 0.05 T (Tesla) and not more than 10 T, and more preferably not less than 0.5 T. A magnetic field of less than 10 T is used. The temporal variation may be periodic or non-periodic, but in the case of periodic variation, the period is preferably 0.01 Hz or more and 1 Hz or less, and more preferably 0.1 _Hz or less. Used in the range from 1 Hz to 1 Hz. These ranges are used depending on the size and the viscosity of the chi ₃ of Target object. At present, the magnitude of the magnetic field of superconducting magnets that can be used at a comparatively reasonable level is about 10 mm, but if a magnetic field of 10 mm or more can be easily used in the future, it will be within these ranges. The application of an external magnetic field according to the invention is also used. A magnetic field that does not reach 0.05 mm requires a long time for the magnetic field to take effect, Not a target.

The external magnetic field applied in the present invention is characterized by applying a time-varying external magnetic field (an external magnetic field that varies with time). The conventional magnetic field orientation is performed by applying a constant external magnetic field from a certain direction.However, it has already been mentioned that an object with a negative 一_Β cannot obtain an aggregate of uniaxially oriented objects. Was. The time-varying external magnetic field can be applied intermittently over time or by varying the magnitude or direction of the magnetic field over time. For example, a time-varying external magnetic field can also be realized by using a quadrupole magnet and repeatedly applying a magnetic field only in the X direction for a certain time, next only in the y direction, and then only in the X direction. A time-varying external magnetic field can also be realized by applying a magnetic field in the X direction for a relatively long time and subsequently in the y direction for a relatively long time. It is easy to perform the temporal fluctuation by controlling the current flowing through the electromagnet, but the same effect can be obtained by mechanically moving the magnet. As described above, the time-varying external magnetic field is a plurality of external magnetic fields having different directions, and an application method of alternately applying the magnetic field at predetermined time intervals is referred to as a sequential magnetic field applying unit.

As the time-varying external magnetic field of the present invention, a rotating magnetic field that is a planar rotating magnetic field can be used. In a rotating magnetic field, an object is fixed, and this can be achieved by rotating a magnet around the object. It can also be realized by fixing a magnet and rotating an object around the magnet. As another example of the rotating magnetic field, a quadrupole magnet of the above-described sequential magnetic field is used, and the magnitude of the magnetic field is signified in the X direction and cosine in the y axis direction with a phase delay of 90 degrees. By applying, a rotating magnetic field that rotates the xy plane can be generated.

As the time-varying magnetic field of the present invention, the above-described sequential magnetic field, rotating magnetic field, and fixed magnetic field can be used in combination. Sequential magnetic field, rotating magnetic field, fixed magnetic field By combining at least two external magnetic fields in the field, the desired time-varying external magnetic field was constructed, and the orientation and separation of the aggregate of objects could be realized.

Among the above time varying external magnetic field, x, a method for applying a magnetic field of constant intensity from the y-direction alternately (sequential variable magnetic field) is three susceptibility 3d is the object of the present invention, chi _2, chi ₃ is It is particularly effective for realizing the precise orientation of different diamagnetic materials, or the uniaxial orientation of diamagnetic objects of X XS -XSO. The reason for this effectiveness is intuitively explained as follows. First, the case of X Xs Xs O will be described. When a certain external magnetic field is applied to the fibrous object, the fibrous object is oriented so that its _ι direction (shape anisotropic axis, fiber axis) is orthogonal to the magnetic field. For example, in Fig. 11, when a magnetic field is applied in the ζ-axis direction, the fiber axis rotates on a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field as shown in Fig. 11b, that is, on a plane parallel to the xy plane, After a while, it rests on this plane. However, since this rotation occurs in the plane created by the direction of the magnetic field and the initial fiber axis, the direction of the fiber axis after rotation largely depends on the direction of the initial fiber axis. Therefore, if the initial fiber axis distribution is random as shown in the figure, the distribution after rotation is also random. Then, in the state shown in Fig. 11 b, what happens when the magnetic field in the z-axis direction is turned off as the second step, and this time the magnetic field is applied in the y-axis direction? Since the fiber axis rotates in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, that is, in a direction parallel to the Xz plane, the fiber axis eventually reaches a plane parallel to the Xz plane and stops rotating. As a result of rotating on the plane parallel to the X and y planes in the first stage and in the direction parallel to the X and _Z planes in the second stage, the fiber axis is in the direction parallel to both the xy and X z planes, that is, It will be oriented in the X-axis direction. Thus, uniaxial orientation of the fiber axis can be achieved. To summarize, when a magnetic field is first applied to the system in which the fibers with negative X _A are randomly dispersed in the z-axis direction and then in the y-axis direction, the fiber axis is eventually changed to both the z-axis and the y-axis. Vertical direction, ie X axis direction Can be uniaxially oriented. The above magnetic field application method is extended as follows. When a magnetic field whose time fluctuates in a given plane (time-varying magnetic field) is applied to an object having a negative uniaxial anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility or _a system consisting of an object with _a negative Xa However, the object can be uniaxially oriented in the _vertical direction (shape anisotropic axis) in a direction orthogonal to the plane formed by the applied magnetic field.

Next, the case of X Xz Xa O will be described. When a constant external magnetic field is applied to the crystal having such magnetic susceptibility from the _Z- axis direction, χ ₃ is oriented in the direction of the magnetic field, and および and χ ₂ are oriented in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field, that is, in the xy plane. . Next, switching the magnetic field in the y-axis direction, the chi ₃ while facing the z-axis direction, chi ₂ is oriented in the y-axis direction, _Kaiiota are oriented in the X-axis direction. After all, the three magnetic susceptibility direction _{χ ι, χ} _2, _χ ₃ are aligned respectively chi axis, y-axis, the z-axis direction. The invention's effect

According to the present invention, as described above, an aggregate of an object having a negative uniaxial anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility that cannot be uniaxially oriented by the conventional magnetic field orientation technology has a uniaxial orientation in a target direction. I was able to do it. As described above, by obtaining a magnetic field oriented body in a specific direction, which could not be obtained in the past, the strength, electric conductivity, and thermal conductivity in a specific direction could be improved. In particular, in the case of a precision oriented body, a magnetic field oriented body in which each of the three magnetic susceptibilities is oriented in a specific direction, which previously existed as only one crystal, was realized in an aggregate of objects. Was completed. As a result, it became possible for an aggregate of objects to have magnetic, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties similar to a single crystal.

By using the magnetic separation method of the present invention, it is possible to separate a mixture of two or more types of objects having different shapes in crystals, fibers, liquid crystals, etc. made of the same substance. Enabled. For example, we have made it possible to separate objects with different shapes because of the different crystal forms, even for crystals made of the same substance. In particular, it is extremely valuable to be able to separate a mixture of mirror-image organic compounds by a simple means such as the present invention in fields such as pharmacy, food chemistry, and biochemistry. It is. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of a device for applying a time-varying external magnetic field according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of applying a time-varying external magnetic field according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing another example of applying a time-varying external magnetic field according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing another example of applying a time-varying external magnetic field according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another example of the device for applying a time-varying external magnetic field of the present invention, showing a case where a magnet is rotated.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a device for externally applying a time-varying magnetic field according to the present invention, in which an object is rotated.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a method of applying a time-varying external magnetic field for precisely orienting the direction of the magnetic field of an aggregate of objects according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing another example of the method of applying a time-varying external magnetic field for precisely orienting the magnetic field direction of an aggregate of objects according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram showing a generation mechanism of a rotational torque applied to a fibrous object by applying a time-varying external magnetic field according to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram showing a case where an object is separated by applying a time-varying external magnetic field of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a conceptual diagram showing the orientation behavior of an aggregate of objects when a conventional constant external magnetic field is applied.

Fig. 12 shows photographs of the experimental results of the present invention.Photo A shows the state of the fiber when no magnetic field was applied.Photo B shows the orientation of the fiber when the time-varying external magnetic field of the present invention was applied. Is shown. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a means for applying a time-varying external magnetic field of the present invention, and is shown in a plan view. The magnetic poles P 1 and P 2 of the electromagnet are set on the X axis of the plane, and are arranged so that a magnetic field can be applied from P 1 to P 2 or from P 2 to P 1. On the other hand, the magnetic poles P 3 and P 4 of the electromagnet are provided on the y-axis of the plane, and are arranged so that a magnetic field can be applied from P 3 to P 4 or from P 4 to P 3. ing. By applying a time-varying magnetic field between these magnetic poles to the target object 1 located at the center between these magnetic poles, the application of the time-varying external magnetic field of the present invention can be realized. .

FIG. 2 shows a specific example of applying a time-varying external magnetic field using the means of FIG. (A) shows a magnetic field applied in the X direction and the y direction, Bx, By in a plan view, and shows a, b, c, d over time. (B) shows what time interval the magnetic field is applied in the X and y directions. As shown in (B), only BX is applied during the time (0-1). In addition, only B y during the time (1 — 2), only B x during the time (2 — 3), and time (3 — 4) In between, only B y is applied, and a magnetic field of intensity 1 is applied alternately at constant time intervals 1 in the x and y directions.

Another specific example of applying a time-varying external magnetic field using the means of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. In Fig. 2, the application of the magnetic field in the X and y directions was repeated many times at time interval 1.In Fig. 3, the magnetic field of intensity 1 was applied once in the X and y directions at time interval 10. .

Another specific example of applying the time-varying external magnetic field using the means of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a constant external magnetic field of intensity 1 is applied alternately in the X and y directions (time-varying external magnetic field). In Fig. 4A, the intensity is B = cos (t), B = sin Apply as shown in (t). This is equivalent to applying a rotating magnetic field as shown in Fig. B.

The time-varying external magnetic field can also be obtained by mechanically moving a pair of permanent magnets. Figure 5 shows the means for mechanically generating a rotating magnetic field. If the permanent magnets P a and P b of the pair are rotated by the motor M and the sample 1 is placed at the center, the magnetic field applied to the sample is equivalent to the rotating magnetic field described in FIG. Become.

FIG. 6 shows an example in which a time-varying external magnetic field can also be obtained by moving a group of objects with respect to a pair of fixed magnets. By doing so, a rotating magnetic field effect equivalent to the rotating magnetic field shown in FIG. 5 is generated, and belongs to the category of the rotating magnetic field of the present invention.

Fig. 7 describes a method of uniaxially orienting _χι when _χι <χ ₂ = ί ₃ = Λ: <0 (when the magnetic _{susceptibility} of the other two axes is the same) using a sequential magnetic field. In Fig. A, when a magnetic field B is applied to the sample in the z-axis direction, _χι is oriented in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field (step 1). Next, when the magnetic field ζ in the ζ axis direction is turned off and a magnetic field B is applied in the y axis direction, _Xl rotates in the direction orthogonal to the magnetic field, that is, in the X axis direction. 6 Further, as step 2, if the application of the magnetic field in the y direction is continued, and are more accurately oriented in the X direction. In other words, no matter what the initial conditions, the uniaxial orientation as shown in Fig. C is finally obtained.

Fig. 8 explains the method of using a sequential magnetic field to perform precise orientation when χ, <χ ₂ <χ ₃ <0. In FIG Alpha, the application of a magnetic field B in the _Z axis direction to the sample, chi ₃ is gradually aligned with the magnetic field direction (step 1). Next, as in FIG beta, cut a magnetic field in the ζ-axis direction and a magnetic field is applied beta to the y-axis direction, chi ₃ until Tama oriented in the z-axis, _{chi iota} rotates the X-axis direction. Further, as the magnetic field in the y direction is continued as Step 2, the angle ₃ is more accurately oriented in the ∑-axis direction, χ ₂ is oriented in the y-axis direction, and, are more accurately oriented in the: ^-axis direction. That is, the alignment from any initial conditions be star Bok, samples will ultimately such _{chi iota} as in Figure C, chi _2, the magnetic field direction of the chi ₃ is, respectively it x, y, the z-axis direction The precise orientation is obtained.

Fig. 9 shows the mechanism by which uniaxial orientation is induced by applying a rotating magnetic field to a fibrous object. In the figure on the left, when the rotating magnetic field B is applied, it causes the object 2 to rotate. In this case, since the angle between the fiber axis and the rotation axis is large, the fluid resistance is large. As a result, the fibrous object 2 rotates and, over time, gradually orients in a direction in which the fiber axis becomes parallel to the rotation axis (from left to right in the figure). The fiber axis and the rotation axis coincide (right figure) In this way, when the rotating magnetic field B is applied to the fibrous object 2, the uniaxial orientation is brought about by the rotating torque applied to the object by the rotating magnetic field. Can be.

FIG. 10 shows an example of separating a mirror image object using a rotating magnetic field. A rotating magnetic field B was applied to the right-handed screw object 3a and left-handed screw object 3b as examples of enantiomers to cause rotation in the direction of the arrow. (The mechanism that generates the rotating torque is shown in Fig. 9. T). Then, the right-handed screw object 3a moves forward (moves upward), The left-handed screw 3b retracts (goes down), so that the right-handed and left-handed screw can be separated.

FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a conventional magnetic field orientation. To systems suspension having a shape anisotropy of the first shaft, such as fibers are oriented in a random direction, upon application of a constant external magnetic field B in the Z-axis direction, when the chi ₃ is positive, all The anisotropic axis of the suspension is oriented in the direction of the magnetic field. On the other hand, when _Xa is negative, the shape anisotropic axis finally rotates so as to be parallel to the X y plane perpendicular to the magnetic field, but the shape anisotropic axis on this plane is randomly distributed . Example 1

Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion as a suspending medium, solid content

Using 50%, 3% (weight ratio) of ultra-drawn polyethylene fiber (diameter 30 / m, length 3mm) is dispersed as a material to be suspended. This suspension is placed in a dish and set in the apparatus shown in Fig. 1. The time-varying external magnetic field described in FIG. 2 is applied to this sample. The magnetic field strength was 1 T (tesla) and the time interval was 10 seconds. The application of a time-varying external magnetic field was continued until almost all of the water in the suspension medium was removed, then the sample was removed from the magnetic field and dried completely. As a result, an aggregate of objects in which ultra-drawn polyethylene fibers were uniaxially oriented in an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer was obtained. When the X-ray orientation of this object was measured by the half-width method, the orientation was 80.2%, and the orientation was perpendicular to the xy plane (z-axis direction). The magnetic properties of the ultra drawn polyethylene fibers used was chi ₃ = one ^{7. 7 X 1 0 _ 7} <0. Comparative Example 1

Prepare the same suspension as in Example 1 and apply a magnetic field as in Example 1, but In this case, the magnetic field is applied continuously only in the X-axis direction, and is not applied in the y-axis direction. In this state, water in the suspension medium ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion was removed to obtain an aggregate of objects in which high-density polyethylene fibers were oriented in ethylene vinyl acetate. When this object is irradiated with X-rays from the X direction, no orientation is seen in the de-icer ring, and when the object is irradiated with X-rays from the y and z directions, it shows the same orientation pattern. It can be seen that the surface is oriented on a plane perpendicular to the X axis. Example 2

Using the apparatus shown in Fig. 5, a sample was prepared in which a plurality of polyethylene fibers of about 1 mm in length were suspended in a mixed liquid whose specific gravity was adjusted with water and ethanol. The apparatus shown in Fig. 5 was used as the rotating magnetic field device, and the experiment was performed with the central magnetic field strength of about 0.9 T and the rotation speed of about 3 rpm. The sample tube containing the sample was placed at the center of the rotating magnetic field, and a rotating magnetic field was applied. Figure 12 shows the experimental results recorded with a CCD camera. Photo A in Fig. 12 shows the state of the polyethylene fibers in which the sample was left out of the magnetic field for 6 minutes. It can be seen that each fiber is oriented in a random direction. Photo B shows the state of the fiber when the magnetic field was rotated for 1 minute after applying a static magnetic field (without rotating the magnet) for 5 minutes. It can be seen that all fibers are uniaxially oriented in the vertical (vertical) direction with respect to the rotating magnetic field plane (horizontal). Example 3

Using the apparatus shown in Fig. 6, 1 part of about 5 mm short polyethylene fiber is dispersed in 100 parts of unsaturated polyester, and the sample bottle is placed vertically in a magnetic field of 1 OT at 4 rpm in a horizontal direction. Rotated around the direction. 20 minutes at room temperature, poly Spinning was continued until the ester solidified. In the sample obtained by visual observation, the polyethylene fibers were oriented in the vertical direction. Example 4

The paraffin was melted in a test tube (1 Omm in diameter) and solidified in a vertical 8 T magnetic field. From the obtained rod-shaped sample, two rod-shaped samples with a diameter of 2 mm were cut out from the direction perpendicular to the axis of the rod, one with a right-hand screw and the other with a left-hand screw. The screw was floated in a liquid whose specific gravity was adjusted with ethanol and water. To this, a magnetic field of 0.5 T was applied from a horizontal direction by a permanent magnet. After the screw turned in the vertical direction, a pair of permanent magnets were rotated clockwise at 4 rpm in a horizontal plane. As a result, the male screw moved upward and the left screw moved downward. Industrial applicability

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention makes it possible to produce various magnetic field oriented bodies by using a time-varying external magnetic field, and to improve magnetic properties, electrical properties, thermal properties, and mechanical properties. Further, by using the magnetic separation method of the present invention, it becomes possible to separate a mixture of two or more types of objects having different shapes in a crystal, a fiber, a liquid crystal, or the like made of the same object, and to obtain a mirror image of the object. The mixture of was made possible to separate by simple means.

Claims

Billed the range three magnetic susceptibility _{chi iota,} chi _2, chi ₃ is different or the aggregate of two are equal objects of them, applying an external magnetic field (temporal variation external magnetic field) that varies temporally A method of producing a magnetic-field oriented body, comprising: causing a motion peculiar to a magnetic property and a shape of the object to thereby orient the object in a specific direction.

In claim 1, _{_{wherein, χ ι <χ 2 <χ}} 3 ° 0 or chi,, for a set of objects having different diamagnetic susceptibility is _{_{<χ 2 = χ 3 <0}} , the time fluctuation external A method for producing a magnetic field oriented body, characterized in that a magnetic field is applied to uniaxially orient in a direction in which the absolute value of the diamagnetic susceptibility is the largest, that is, in a _χ1 direction.

In the first item of the range of the _calculation , after applying a time-varying external magnetic field to the object, and further applying a fixed magnetic field, each direction of the _three magnetic susceptibilities _χι , χ ₂ , χ ₃ of the object is determined by the set A method for producing a magnetic field oriented body, comprising producing a magnetic field oriented body (precision oriented body) oriented in a specific direction for each object constituting the body.

Three magnetic susceptibility _{chi iota,} chi _2, chi ₃ are different, or a collection of two are equal monoester of them, a mixture of different objects shapes, varying in time to the admix By applying an external magnetic field (time-varying external magnetic field) to cause the mixture to generate a motion unique to its magnetic properties and shape, to move and separate each object in a specific direction An object separation method characterized by the following.

5. The method for separating an object according to claim 4, wherein the mixture of the objects is a mixture of objects having a mirror image relationship with each other. The time-varying external magnetic field according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the time-varying external magnetic field comprises a plurality of external magnetic fields having different directions, and is applied alternately and sequentially at predetermined time intervals. How to apply external magnetic field.

5. A method for applying a time-varying external magnetic field, wherein the time-varying external magnetic field according to claim 1 or 4 is a plane-rotating magnetic field. The time-varying external magnetic field according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the time-varying external magnetic field is generated by moving the object with respect to a fixed magnetic field. Application method.

The time-varying external magnetic field according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the time-varying external magnetic field is a combination of at least two of a sequential magnetic field, a rotating magnetic field, and a fixed magnetic field. How to apply a magnetic field.

3. A method for producing a magnetic field oriented body, wherein the aggregate of the objects according to claim 1 is a suspended body dispersed in a suspension medium. A method for producing a magnetic field oriented body, comprising fixing or suspending the body to be suspended by solidifying or removing the suspension medium according to claim 10.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the object is a high-molecular liquid crystal or a low-molecular liquid crystal.

2. The aggregate or microcrystal formed in the process of claim 1, wherein the object is cast or solidified from a polymer or low-molecular solution, cooled in a molten state, or melted or dissolved in a crystal. A method for producing a magnetic field alignment body, characterized in that:

The magnetic field orientation generated in claim 13 is fixed in a molded product, sheet, film, or thin film by completing a cooling process from a cast, solidified, or molten state. The method of manufacturing an oriented body.

5. The method for separating an object according to claim 4, wherein the mixed object is an object to be suspended dispersed in a suspension medium.

A method for separating an object, comprising: fixing the separated individual objects present in the object to be suspended by solidifying or removing the suspension medium according to claim 15. .

5. The method for separating an object according to claim 4, wherein the mixed object is a polymer liquid crystal or a low molecular liquid crystal.

An aggregate of objects with different diamagnetic magnetizations, where _{χ ι} <χ ₂ χ ₃ 0 0 or χ, <χ ₂ = χ ₃く 0, forms a time-varying external magnetic field (time-varying external magnetic field). ) Is a uniaxially oriented magnetic field characterized by being uniaxially oriented in the direction in which the absolute value of the diamagnetic susceptibility is greatest, ie, in the direction.

A magnetic field oriented body characterized in that each of the _three magnetic susceptibilities _χι , χ ₂ , χ ₃ of the object is composed of a set of objects each oriented in a specific direction,