WO2004023062A1 - Explosif a charge creuse desensibilisee - Google Patents

Explosif a charge creuse desensibilisee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004023062A1
WO2004023062A1 PCT/US2003/027444 US0327444W WO2004023062A1 WO 2004023062 A1 WO2004023062 A1 WO 2004023062A1 US 0327444 W US0327444 W US 0327444W WO 2004023062 A1 WO2004023062 A1 WO 2004023062A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosive
approximately
shaped charge
microns
main body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/027444
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hooshang A. Rezaie
Robert R. Green
John D. Loehr
Avigdor Hetz
Original Assignee
Baker Hughes Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baker Hughes Incorporated filed Critical Baker Hughes Incorporated
Priority to AU2003298955A priority Critical patent/AU2003298955A1/en
Publication of WO2004023062A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004023062A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/02—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising particles of diverse size or shape
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/0041—Shaping the mixture by compression
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0083—Treatment of solid structures, e.g. for coating or impregnating with a modifier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to the field of explosive compositions.
  • the present invention relates to a shaped charge having a desensitized combination of explosive that does not require a booster charge to initiate combustion.
  • Explosive compositions also known as high explosives, are used in a variety of industrial applications including mining, military ordinance, car safety bags, general pyrotechnic applications, and in the production of hydrocarbons.
  • One of the predominate uses of high explosives in some ordinance applications and in hydrocarbon production is in conjunction with shaped charge- perforating devices.
  • shaped charges are used to perforate the casing circumscribing the oil/gas well bore, the cement around the casing, and the surrounding formation. The resulting perforation produces a pathway for hydrocarbons contained within geological formations to travel into the well bore and ultimately to the well head.
  • Shaped charges used for well bore perforating are generally affixed within a cylindrical gun tube which is then inserted within a gun body. Often many gun tubes are axially connected to form a perforating string. Depending on the particular application, each gun tube typically contains multiple shaped charges within its circumference which are aligned to discharge radially outward from the gun body. The outer diameter of the gun tubes can range from less than 1.5 to as a perforating gun.
  • the perforating gun is attached to a wireline and inserted into the well bore.
  • the wireline provides a tethering support for the perforating gun while it is within the well bore; it also is a conduit for electrical signals to be provided from the surface to the perforating inches to almost 5 inches.
  • the combination of gun tube within a gun body is generally referred gun to detonate the shaped charges.
  • An individual shaped charge comprises a housing, a liner, an explosive positioned between the liner and the housing, and an initiator or booster situated within the housing.
  • the housing is typically formed from high strength metals, such as steel, and has a generally cylindrically cavity formed within which extends from inside of the housing through one of its ends.
  • explosive is packed into the cavity and a liner is pressed into the housing with the liner's outer circumference abutting the inner circumference of the housing cavity. This configuration confines the explosive between the liner and the housing cavity.
  • explosives are inherently unstable and can be easily detonated during normal handling or packaging. Explosives can be treated to make them safer for handling, packaging, and during transit. This process as known as desensitizing the explosive. Desensitizing an explosive provides a stabilizing effect and increases the force required to initiate detonation of the explosive. Explosive materials can be desensitized by encapsulating them within polymeric compounds to produce granules. Other desensitizing methods include adding materials such as graphite, dibutyl phthalate, or di-(2- ethyl hexyl)-adipate to the explosive, as disclosed in Muller et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,026,443.
  • a detonating cord is attached to the rear of each shaped charge.
  • the shaped charges can then be detonated from the surface by sending an electrical signal from the surface to an ignitor that is attache to the detonating cord.
  • the ignitor causes ignition of the detonating cord.
  • the detonating cord detonates upon ignition to produce a shock wave along its length.
  • the corresponding shock wave passes from the detonating cord and into the explosive within the shaped charge to begin detonation of the explosive within the shaped charge.
  • the shock wave emanating from the detonating cord lacks sufficient force alone to detonate the explosive.
  • a booster or initiator is usually added to the rear of the shaped charge housing, adjacent to the point where the detonating cord is secured to the shaped charge.
  • the initiator is typically comprised of a small metal cup in which a small amount of sensitive explosive is placed and pressed inside, this is known as the booster charge.
  • the sensitive explosive is designed to detonate when subjected to the shock wave from the detonating cord and initiate detonation of the shaped charge.
  • the force of the detonation collapses the liner and ejects it from one end of the charge at very high velocity in a pattern called a "jet."
  • the jet penetrates the casing, the cement, and a quantity of the formation.
  • booster or initiator When the booster or initiator is pressed it can be deformed by the applied force, which can in turn affect its performance. Deformed boosters can be inconsistent, produce an unfocused initiation charge, or generally underperform a properly formed booster. The reduced booster or initiator performance will result in reduced performance of the shaped charge.
  • Another drawback is that a booster or initiator uses space inside of the shaped charge. This space could otherwise be used for explosive, thus reducing the penetrating effect of the shaped charge. Further, the force produced by combustion of the booster charge does contribute to the jet producing force. Thus, eliminating the need for boosters or initiators in conjunction with shaped charges, can in turn produce jets having deeper penetration, better performance, and more consistent and reliable operating results.
  • One embodiment of the present invention discloses a shaped charge in combination with a detonating cord.
  • the shaped charge includes a liner for a shaped charge, a housing and a main body of explosive.
  • the housing has an opening and a hollow core formed to receive the lining and the main body of explosive.
  • the main body of explosive is encapsulated within a polymeric compound.
  • the encapsulated main body of explosive comprises a mixture of a first explosive material and a second explosive material.
  • the main body of explosive is sensitized by its encapsulation within the bonding agent.
  • the main body of explosive is sensitized to a degree such that combustion of the encapsulated main body of explosive is initiated solely by the corresponding shock wave produced during combustion of the detonating cord.
  • the main body of explosive has a density greater than the first quantity of explosive or the second quantity of explosive and has a pressed density is from approximately 96% to approximately 98% of its theoretical mean density.
  • the first quantity of explosive consists of particles having diameters that range from approximately 300 microns to approximately 45 microns and can be a Class I explosive.
  • the second quantity of explosive consists of particles having diameters that range from approximately 5 microns to approximately 7 microns and can consist of Class V explosive.
  • the second quantity of explosive has a distribution of particles such that 90% of the particles have a diameter of less than 10 microns.
  • the explosive material comprises approximately 50% by weight of the first quantity of explosive and approximately 50% by weight of the second quantity of explosive.
  • the explosive material comprises from approximately 25% to 75% by weight of the first quantity of explosive and from approximately 25% to 75% by weight of the second quantity of explosive.
  • Also disclosed herein is a method of forming a shaped charge comprising the steps of:
  • the method further considers adding a fluid to the blended explosive material to produce a slurry and introducing a bonding agent to the slurry.
  • the bonding agent comprises a mixture of a polymeric compound and a solvent. Continued mixing allows the bonding agent to encapsulate agglomerations of explosive particles in the slurry to produce an encapsulated main body of explosive.
  • the bonding agent comprises up to 10% by weight of the polymeric compound
  • the encapsulated explosive is then disposed within a shaped charge housing and a detonating cord is attached to the shaped charge.
  • the detonating cord is activated to produce a shock wave, such that application of the shock wave to said shaped charge alone will detonate the shaped charge.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a cross sectional view of a shaped charge having a housing, a liner, and a quantity of high explosive.
  • a shaped charge 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 1.
  • the shaped charge 10 typically includes a generally cylindrically shaped housing 1, which can be formed from steel, ceramic or other material known in the art.
  • the housing 1 is substantially hollow and open at one end.
  • a liner 5 is included within the shaped charge 10.
  • the shape and material of the liner 5 can vary, but it is preferred that the liner 5 be capable of being formed into a metal jet upon detonation of the shaped charge 1.
  • explosive 2 Disposed between the liner 5 and the housing 1 is explosive 2, which can also be termed the main body of explosive.
  • the apex 3 of the shaped charge 10 of the present invention contains only explosive 2 and not a booster, as is generally required in typical prior art shaped charges.
  • the explosive 2 of the present invention is formed by mixing two different quantities of explosive, where the particles that make up each of the two different quantities have different diameters.
  • One effect of an explosive formed by combining explosive particles of differing sizes is that the smaller particles provide specific locations within the explosive 2 that are more sensitive to external forces, and can be ignited with less applied force. Further, because the explosive 2 is mixed to produce a consistent distribution of smaller particles within the larger ones, multiple locations exist within the explosive 2 that require a reduced applied force for combustion. The result of this combination is an explosive that is sensitized to external shock and thus can be detonated at a force lower than what would be required without the combination of different sized particles.
  • the explosive 2 should be granulated or pelletized before it is placed within the shaped charge 1.
  • Methods of granulation or pelletization can be any that are known in the art, but the methods should involve encapsulating the explosive within a polymeric covering.
  • the preferred method of granulation involves mixing the quantities of explosive having different particle diameters with a fluid (generally de-ionized water) inside of a vessel. The mix of explosive and fluid creates a slurry inside of the vessel. The explosive particles and fluid are mixed as they are added to the vessel.
  • a mixer is included with the vessel, where the mixer consists of mixing blades, a shaft, and a motor. As is well known, the motor provides rotational energy to the shaft, and rotates the mixing blades within the vessel.
  • the mixing blades work to mix the fluid and explosive particles to create a homogenous slurry.
  • the explosive particles of different sizes are blended together prior to being added to the vessel.
  • the blending process generally does not involve an agitator, like a mixing blade, but instead is some type of container in which the mix is added and the container is rotated thus mixing together the container contents. While the slurry is being mixed, it is also being heated to about 70°C
  • the preferred heating technique employs routing pipes inside of the mixing vessel through which a heated fluid passes.
  • the heated fluid such as low pressure steam, transfers thermal energy into the slurry.
  • a VITON® lacquer is added to the mix. It is preferred that VTR-7487 be used.
  • the lacquer will encapsulate amounts of explosive to form beads that are approximately 1000 microns to approximately 2000 microns in diameter. Encapsulating the explosive works to desensitize the explosive, thereby reducing the likelihood of an unintentional detonation of the explosive. After encapsulation the pelletized explosive can be transported or packaged in its usual manner.
  • the encapsulation process first requires a nucleation step. Nucleation occurs when the explosive particles are drawn together by small attractive forces; where the attractive forces include Van der Walls forces, electromagnetic forces, molecular, and magnetic forces. It is important that the correct ratio of fluid and explosive particle be present in the vessel. This is important because if the fluid portion is too large, then the explosive particles will be too far apart and nucleation cannot occur. Conversely, if too much explosive is present, mixing will be hindered and the explosive particles cannot move freely. Many factors determine the proper fluid/explosive ratio, such as particle size, the range and ratio of particle size, particle shape, particle surface area, and the type of fluid. It is believed that one skilled in the art can determine the proper ratio without undue experimentation.
  • a lacquer is added to the slurry mix.
  • the lacquer is a mix of a polymer (such as VITON®) and a solvent such as butyl acetate. It is preferred that the amount of polymer be added in the amount of up to 10% by weight of the lacquer, but not more.
  • the lacquer combines with the slurry mix the polymer separates from the solvent and forms into tiny sheet like members. The sheet like members "float" in the slurry/lacquer mix until they encounter the nucleated explosive particles and wrap around and encapsulate the nucleated particles. This produces an initial granule of from about 5 to 600 microns.
  • one embodiment of the present invention is the explosive described herein disposed within a shaped charge 10.
  • One of the many advantages of deploying the discussed explosive within a shaped charge 10 is that the resulting shaped charge 10 can be detonated without the need for a booster charge. Instead, detonation of the shaped charge 10 can be initiated by the force produced by the shock wave of an associated detonating cord (not shown). The choice of a detonating cord is not critical, and it is believed one skilled in the art can select an appropriate detonating cord without undue experimentation.
  • That equipment includes a minimum 1000 gallon jacketed stainless steel reactor with a vapor tight accessible opening, a glass window, and two openings - one opening for lacquer addition and one opening for process flow addition. It is preferred that the reactor be heated via a hot water supply system instead of being electrically heated. Further, the jacketing system should accommodate cooling as well.
  • the vessel should be designed such that the heat transfer rate is 2.0° C, this applies to heating and cooling of what is contained in the vessel.
  • the reactor should be equipped with a 4.00 inch shaft having a single radial impeller and a single axial impeller. The impeller diameter should not be less than one third of the inside diameter of the reactor.
  • the motor provided to rotate the shaft have a horse power of at least 40 and be able to deliver an impeller tip speed of at least 800 ft/minute.
  • a separation system should be employed to receive the slurry exiting the reactor and separate the solid damp product from the liquid.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

Un mode de réalisation de la présente invention fait intervenir une charge creuse en combinaison avec un cordeau détonant, la charge creuse comprenant un revêtement, un boîtier et une certaine quantité d'un corps principal d'explosif. Le boîtier est formé avec une ouverture et un coeur creux destiné à recevoir le revêtement. Entre le revêtement et le boîtier se trouve le corps principal d'explosif. Le corps principal d'explosif comprend un premier et un second matériau sensibilisés par encapsulation dans un agent liant. La sensibilisation de l'agent liant est tel que la combustion du corps principal d'explosif est amorcée uniquement par l'onde de choc produite au cours de la combustion du cordeau détonant.
PCT/US2003/027444 2002-09-05 2003-09-04 Explosif a charge creuse desensibilisee WO2004023062A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003298955A AU2003298955A1 (en) 2002-09-05 2003-09-04 Desensitized shaped charge explosive

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US40824302P 2002-09-05 2002-09-05
US60/408,243 2002-09-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004023062A1 true WO2004023062A1 (fr) 2004-03-18

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PCT/US2003/027444 WO2004023062A1 (fr) 2002-09-05 2003-09-04 Explosif a charge creuse desensibilisee

Country Status (2)

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AU (1) AU2003298955A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004023062A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007070934A1 (fr) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Composition explosive
CN107726936A (zh) * 2017-11-08 2018-02-23 中国科学技术大学 自封闭螺旋形聚能切缝器

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2708408A (en) * 1949-11-14 1955-05-17 William G Sweetman Well perforating device
DE1192962B (de) * 1962-03-06 1965-05-13 Schlumberger Well Surv Corp Hohlladung zur seitlichen Perforierung von Bohrloechern
US4543220A (en) * 1984-04-16 1985-09-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Process for unitary shaped-charge structure
DE3804397C1 (en) * 1988-02-12 1989-09-07 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8012 Ottobrunn, De Process for producing compressed explosive charges
EP0495714A1 (fr) * 1991-01-16 1992-07-22 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Composition explosive et procédés de préparation d'une poudre et d'une pièce de cette composition
US5547526A (en) * 1990-03-06 1996-08-20 Daimler-Benz Aerospace Ag Pressable explosive granular product and pressed explosive charge
US6247410B1 (en) * 1998-12-10 2001-06-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy High-output insensitive munition detonating cord
US6352029B1 (en) * 2000-03-30 2002-03-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Thermally actuated release mechanism

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2708408A (en) * 1949-11-14 1955-05-17 William G Sweetman Well perforating device
DE1192962B (de) * 1962-03-06 1965-05-13 Schlumberger Well Surv Corp Hohlladung zur seitlichen Perforierung von Bohrloechern
US4543220A (en) * 1984-04-16 1985-09-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Process for unitary shaped-charge structure
DE3804397C1 (en) * 1988-02-12 1989-09-07 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8012 Ottobrunn, De Process for producing compressed explosive charges
US5547526A (en) * 1990-03-06 1996-08-20 Daimler-Benz Aerospace Ag Pressable explosive granular product and pressed explosive charge
EP0495714A1 (fr) * 1991-01-16 1992-07-22 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Composition explosive et procédés de préparation d'une poudre et d'une pièce de cette composition
US6247410B1 (en) * 1998-12-10 2001-06-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy High-output insensitive munition detonating cord
US6352029B1 (en) * 2000-03-30 2002-03-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Thermally actuated release mechanism

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007070934A1 (fr) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Composition explosive
CN107726936A (zh) * 2017-11-08 2018-02-23 中国科学技术大学 自封闭螺旋形聚能切缝器
CN107726936B (zh) * 2017-11-08 2023-08-29 中国科学技术大学 自封闭螺旋形聚能切缝器

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