Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
  • A61K31/565—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
  • A61K31/593—9,10-Secocholestane derivatives, e.g. cholecalciferol, i.e. vitamin D3
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
  • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection

Definitions

• Vitamin D intoxication has been known since its discovery in 1922. Of the fat-soluble vitamins, vitamins A and D given at super-physiologic doses will cause toxicity. In the case of vitamin D, the toxicity is the result of elevated blood calcium and blood phosphorus levels that result in calcification primarily of the kidney, heart, aorta and other tissues. Death may result from kidney failure or failure of important organs such as the heart and aorta.
• vitamin D must be metabolized in vivo first in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (25-OH-D 3 ) and then in the kidney to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (l,25-(OH) 2 D 3 ) before it can carry out its functions.
• l,25-(OH) 2 D 3 then stimulates intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption, increases the reabsorption of calcium in the kidney, and most importantly, stimulates the mobilization of calcium from bone in a parathyroid hormone dependent process.
• an important and unavoidable, until now, activity of the native vitamin D hormone is to mobilize calcium and phosphorus from bone in direct relationship to dose.
• l,25-(OH) 2 D 3 functions through a receptor that dimerizes with the protein, RXR, on responsive elements of target genes to either stimulate or suppresses transcription.
• the gene products then carry out the functions attributed to l,25-(OH) 2 D 3 .
• receptor knockout mice and the discovery that Type II vitamin D-dependent rickets is the result of a mutation or mutations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR)
• VDR vitamin D receptor
• Such targets are the parathyroid gland, the keratinocytes of skin, the islet cells of the pancreas, and the lymphocytes.
• the vitamin D hormone i.e. l,25-(OH) 2 D 3 , causes the differentiation of promyelocytes to monocytes, an action not considered to be related to calcium. Because of this differentiation and suppression of growth of cancer tissues in culture, the possibility that vitamin D compounds might be used in a differentiative treatment of cancer has emerged in an enthusiastic fashion.
• vitamin D compounds such as l,25-(OH) 2 D 3 and several of its analogs for the disease psoriasis is another well-established fact.
• a main limitation in the realization of these therapies via the administration of vitamin D compounds is that the primary effect of vitamin D compounds is to elevate blood plasma calcium and phosphorus usually at the expense of bone.
• vitamin D intoxication is a distinct possibility.
• the present invention provides an alternative route whereby relatively high doses of vitamin D compounds, their analogs, or vitamin D mimetics can be administered without the attendant vitamin D intoxication.
• agents that block bone calcium mobilization the mobilization of calcium from bone can be prohibited or prevented or at least minimized, thereby allowing higher and higher doses of vitamin D compounds or mimetics to be used for the treatment of diseases when raising blood calcium is not required.
• This invention provides that avenue.
• the present invention uses a bis-phosphonate, or a calcitonin, or other osteoclastic-mediated bone resorption inhibitor to block bone calcium mobilization and thus prevent the hypercalcemia caused by vitamin D compounds or vitamin D- like mimetics.
• a bis-phosphonate, or a calcitonin, or other osteoclastic-mediated bone resorption inhibitor to block bone calcium mobilization and thus prevent the hypercalcemia caused by vitamin D compounds or vitamin D- like mimetics.
• high doses of vitamin D compounds can be administered with minimal danger of vitamin D intoxication or hypercalcemia to the patient and with the distinct possibility of suppressing cancer, psoriasis or autoimmune disease.
• the present invention provides a method of administering high doses of a vitamin D compound or a vitamin D mimetic without developing hypercalcemia or resulting in vitamin D intoxication comprising administering to a mammal being treated with a vitamin D compound or vitamin D mimetic an effective amount of a bone calcium resorption inhibitor in an appropriate dosage schedule.
• a method of treating psoriasis is also provided which comprises administering to a patient with psoriasis an effective amount of a bone calcium resorption inhibitor and an effective amount of a vitamin D compound or vitamin D mimetic in an appropriate dosage schedule.
• a method of treating a cancer selected from the group consisting of leukemia, colon cancer, breast cancer or prostate cancer comprises administering to a patient with said cancer an effective amount of a bone calcium resorption inhibitor and an effective amount of a vitamin D compound or vitamin D mimetic in an appropriate dosage schedule.
• a method of treating an autoimmune disease selected from the group consisting of multiple sclerosis, lupis, inflammatory bowel disease, Type I diabetes, host versus graft reaction, and rejection of organ transplants comprising administering to a patient with said disease an effective amount of a bone calcium reso ⁇ tion inhibitor and an effective amount of a vitamin D compound or vitamin D mimetic in an appropriate dosage schedule.
• the vitamin D hormone appears to be involved not only in the differentiation of monocytes but further in the formation of multinuclear cells and the activation of the multinuclear cells to become active osteoclasts. This is mediated by the vitamin D hormone through its receptor stimulating the production of a protein RANKL which binds to the osteoclast precursors to a RANKL receptor termed RANK located in the membrane surface of osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts. It is this signal that then activates both osteoclast development and osteoclast function.
• a naturally secreted soluble version of RANK called osteoprotegerin (OPG) can block this differentiation or activation process by binding membrane bound or secreted
• RANKL See for example PCT Application No. WO 96/26271.
• OPG or a synthetic recombinant soluble protein comprised of only the extra-cellular domain of RANK (sRANK)
• sRANK a synthetic recombinant soluble protein comprised of only the extra-cellular domain of RANK
• this invention utilizes inhibitors of bone calcium mobilization especially the bis-phosphonates, OPG, soluble synthetic RANK, or long-lived chimeric proteins comprised of either OPG or soluble RANK fused to the human Fc (OPG-Fc, sRANK-Fc) to block the availability of calcium from bone thereby preventing hypercalcemia and the resulting calcification of soft tissues.
• OPG-Fc human Fc
• l ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (l,25-(OH) 2 D ), its analogs, prodrugs, or other vitamin D-like compounds (referred to herein as “mimetics”) can be utilized with minimal risk of developing hypercalcemia to the patient.
• alendronate is shown to block the bone calcium mobilization activity of both 1,25- (OH) 2 D 3 and its very potent analog, 2-methylene-19-nor-(20S)-l ⁇ ,25- dihydroxj ⁇ vitamin D 3 (referred to herein as 2MD).
• patients are to be first administered a bone calcium resorption inhibitor such as either the bis-phosphonates, calcitonin, OPG, or sRAJMK or other similar RANKL binder or inhibitor (OPG-Fc, RANK-Fc) to prevent bone calcium mobilization.
• a bone calcium resorption inhibitor such as either the bis-phosphonates, calcitonin, OPG, or sRAJMK or other similar RANKL binder or inhibitor (OPG-Fc, RANK-Fc) to prevent bone calcium mobilization.
• the vitamin D analog or compound can be administered in much higher doses than previously thought possible without causing hypercalcemia.
• the bone resorption inhibitor and vitamin D compound can be administered at the same time.
• This method will prevent the development of hypercalcemia and will result in achieving concentrations of the vitamin D analogs that can suppress cancer, prevent autoimmune disease, or alleviate psoriasis. It is expected that the use of this methodology will allow 10-fold or higher increase in dosage level of vitamin D compounds with minimal danger of developing hypercalcemia to the patient.
• Figure 1 is a graph of the body weight versus time after dose administration of mice treated in accordance with the present method.
• Figure 2 is a bar graph of serum calcium versus time after dose administration of mice treated in accordance with the present invention.
• hydroxy-protecting group signifies any group commonly used for the temporary protection of hydroxy functions, such as for example, alkoxycarbonyl, acyl, alkylsilyl or-alkylarylsilyl groups (hereinafter referred to simply as “silyl” groups), and alkoxyalkyl groups.
• sil alkoxycarbonyl
• Preferred hydroxy-protecting groups are those that are base stable but readily removable when desired.
• Alkoxycarbonyl protecting groups are alkyl-O-CO- groupings such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl or allyloxycarbonyl.
• acyl signifies an alkanoyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, in all of its isomeric forms, or a carboxyalkanoyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, such as an oxalyl, malonyl, succinyl, glutaryl group, or an aromatic acyl group such as benzoyl, or a halo, nitro or alkyl substituted benzoyl group.
• alkyl as used in the description or the claims, denotes a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical of 1 to 10 carbons, in all its isomeric forms.
• Alkoxyalkyl protecting groups are groupings such as methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, or tetrahydrofuranyl and tetrahydropyranyl.
• Preferred silyl-protecting groups are trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, t- butyldimethylsilyl, dibutylmethylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, phenyldimethylsilyl, diphenyl-t-butylsilyl and analogous alkylated silyl radicals.
• aryl specifies a phenyl-, or an alkyl-, nitro- or halo-substituted phenyl group.
• a “protected hydroxy” group is a hydroxy group derivatised or protected by any of the above groups commonly used for the temporary or permanent protection of hydroxy functions, e.g. the silyl, alkoxyalkyl, acyl or alkoxycarbonyl groups, as previously defined.
• hydroxyalkyl deuteroalkyl
• fluoroalkyl refer to an alkyl radical substituted by one or more hydroxy, deuterium or fluoro groups respectively.
• hypocalcemia and “vitamin D toxicity” as used herein refer to a blood serum calcium concentration that is equal to or greater than 2 mg/100 ml of serum.
• a "toxic dose” of a vitamin D compound is a dose of the vitamin D compound which when administered to a mammal such as a human results in hypercalcemia or vitamin D toxicity.
• appropriate dosage schedule refers to a regimen of administering the vitamin D compound and bone calcium resorption inhibitor to a patient at appropriate doses and at appropriate time intervals in order to effectively treat a targeted disease. As is well known in the pharmaceutical arts, such doses and time intervals may be adjusted according to the disease to be treated, its severity, and the response of the subject being treated.
• vitamin D compound encompasses compounds which control one or more of the various vitamin D-responsive processes in mammals, i.e. intestinal calcium absorption, bone mobilization, bone mineralization, and cell differentiation through activation via the VDR.
• the vitamin D compounds encompassed by this invention include cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol and their metabolites, as well as the synthetic cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol analogs which express calcemic or cell differentiation activity.
• vitamin D compound also includes structurally unrelated vitamin D-like compounds, herein referred to as “vitamin D mimetics,” which also activate via the VDR.
• these synthetic cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol analogs comprise such categories of compounds as the 5,6-trans-cholecalciferols and 5, 6-trans-ergocalciferols, the fluorinated cholecalciferols, the side chain homologated cholecalciferols and side chain homologated ⁇ 22 -cholecalciferols, the side chain truncated cholecalciferols, the 19-nor cholecalciferols and ergocalciferols, and the 2-substituted cholecalciferols and ergocalciferols.
• vitamin D compounds encompassed may be represented by the formula I as follows:
• R 6 and R 7 each represent hydrogen or taken together R 6 and R 7 represent a methylene group
• R 8 represents hydrogen, hydroxy or a protected hydroxy
• R 9 and R 10 may each independently represent hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or fluoroalkyl, or R 9 and R 10 taken together may represent the group -iC ⁇ .
• R 11 and R 12 which may be the same are different, are each selected from hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl and fluoroalkyl, or when taken together R 11 and R 12 represent the group -(CH 2 )x- where x is an integer from 2 to 5, and the side chain group R in the above-shown structure, may represent any of the steroid side chain types.
• R can represent a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 35 carbons, that may be straight-chain, branched or cyclic and that may contain one or more additional substituents, such as hydroxy- or protected- hydroxy groups, fluoro, carbonyl, ester, epoxy, amino or other heteroatomic groups.
• Preferred side chains of this type are represented by the structure below
• R is selected from hydrogen, deuterium, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, and C ⁇ _5-alkyl, which may be straight chain or branched and, optionally, bear a hydroxy or protected-hydroxy substituent
• each of R ⁇ , R ⁇ , and R ⁇ , independently, is selected from deuterium, deuteroalkyl, hydrogen, fluoro, trifluoromethyl and C1.5 alkyl, which may be straight-chain or branched, and optionally, bear a hydroxy or protected-hydroxy substituent
• R* and R ⁇ , taken together, represent an oxo group, or an alkylidene group, CR- ⁇ R ⁇ , or the group -(CH2) -, where p is an integer from 2 to 5, and where R ⁇ and Rx taken together, represent an oxo group, or the group -(CH2)q- 3 where q is an integer from 2 to 5, and where R
• vitamin D compounds useful herein include vitamin D metabolites or analogs such as vitamin D 3 , vitamin D 2 , 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 , 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 2 , l ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , l ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 , 25 hydroxyvitamin D 3 , 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 , 24,24-difluoro-25 hydroxyvitamin D 3 , 24,24-difluoro-l ⁇ , 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , 24-fluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , 24-fluoro-l ⁇ , 25-dmydroxyvitamin D 3 , 2 ⁇ -fluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , 2 ⁇ -fluoro- l ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 , 2 ⁇ -fluoro-l ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 ,
• the term “24-homo” refers to the addition of one methylene group and the term “24-dihomo” refers to the addition of two methylene groups at the carbon 24 position in the side chain. Likewise, the term “trihomo” refers to the addition of three methylene groups. Also, the term “26,27-dimethyl” refers to the addition of a methyl group at the carbon 26 and 27 positions so that for example R ⁇ and R ⁇ in formula I are ethyl groups. Likewise, the term “26,27-diethyl” refers to the addition of an ethyl group at the 26 and 27 positions so that R ⁇ and R + in formula I are propyl groups.
• vitamin D compounds of structure I when the side chain is unsaturated are: l ⁇ -hydroxy-22-dehydrovitamin D 3 ; l ⁇ ,25-dihydroxy-22-dehydrovitamin D 3 ;
• vitamin D compounds of structure I when the side chain is saturated are: 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 ; l ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 ;
• Patent 6,369,099 the disclosure of which is specifically incorporated herein by reference.
• the term "20(S) M or "20-epi" should be included in each of the named compounds.
• the named compounds could also be of the vitamin D 2 type having the side chain of formula (c) or (d) above if desired as well as the 19-nor type where the normal methylene group attached at carbon 10 of the A-ring is replaced with two hydrogen atoms.
• 19-nor vitamin D compounds are more completely described in U.S. Patent 5,587,497 the disclosure of which is specifically incorporated herein by reference.
• the preferred vitamin D compounds for use in the methods of the present invention are l ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and 2-methylene-19-nor-20(S)-l ⁇ ,25- dihydroxyvitamni D 3 (herein referred to as "2MD").
• the preparation of the vitamin D compounds, having the basic structure I can be accomplished by a common general method, i.e. the condensation of a bicyclic Windaus-Grundmann type ketone with an allylic phosphine oxide followed by deprotection at C-l and C-3 in the latter compounds, if desired. This synthesis is well known, and reference is made to U.S. Patents 5,843,928 and 5,945,410 for a more detailed illustration of the technique.
• vitamin D mimetics may be represented by but not limited to the non-secosteroidal VDR ligand reported by Boehm et al. (Chem. Biol. 6:265-275, 1999) and Polek et al. (The Prostate 49:224-233, 2001), or derivatives thereof, the disclosures of each being specifically incorporated herein by reference.
• Examples of vitamin D mimetics that activate the VDR are those identified by Boehm et al. (Chem. Biol. 6:265-275, 1999) and the bile acid lithocholic acid and several of its derivatives (Makishima et al., Science 296:1313-1316, 2002).
• vitamin D mimetics include, but are not limited to, the following five compounds:
• inhibitors of bone calcium resorption are administered to prevent the hypercalcemia caused by vitamin D compounds.
• the term "inhibitor of bone calcium resorption” or “bone calcium resorption inhibitor” encompasses compounds which block or at least substantially block the body's ability to resorb calcium from bone. Such compounds include: Estrogens, Androgens, Cytokines that inhibit bone resorption such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-
• Thiazolidinedione class of activators of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)gamma e.g. rosglitazone, piaglitazone
• PPAR peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
• Bisphosphonates e.g. allendronate, risedronate
• RANK Receptor activator of NFkB extracellular domain preparations (Childs et al., J. Bone Miner. Res. 17: 192-199, 2002), RANK mimetics,
• RANK-Fc Soluble RANK-chimeric proteins
• Osteoprotegerin (OPG) (Morony et al., J. Bone Miner. Res. 14:1478- 1485, 1999), OPG chimeric proteins (OPG-Fc) (Morony et al., J. Bone Miner. Res.
• TNF receptor associated factor 6 Traf6 decoy peptides (Lomaga et al., Genes & Develop. 13:1015-1024, 1999; Ye et al., Nature 418:443-447, 2002), Chimeric membrane-permeable Traf6 decoy peptides (Ye et al.,
• Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase inhibitors Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase inhibitors, and Vacuolar ATPase inhibitors.
• the vitamin D compounds defined by formula I or vitamin D mimetics such as that defined by Boehm et al. (Chem. Biol. 6:265-275, 1999) and Polek et al. (The Prostate 49:224-233, 2001), and the inhibitors of bone calcium resorption may each be formulated for pharmaceutical applications as a solution in innocuous solvents, or as an emulsion, suspension or dispersion in suitable solvents or carriers, or as pills, tablets or capsules, together with solid carriers, according to conventional methods known in the art. Any such formulations may also contain other pharmaceutically-acceptable and non-toxic excipients such as stabilizers, anti-oxidants, binders, coloring agents or emulsifying or taste-modifying agents.
• the vitamin D compounds or mimetics and the inhibitors of bone calcium resorption may each be administered orally, topically, parenterally or transdermally.
• the vitamin D compounds or mimetics and/or the inhibitors of bone calcium resorption are advantageously administered by injection or by intravenous infusion or suitable sterile solutions, or in the form of liquid or solid doses via the alimentary canal, or in the form of creams, ointments, patches, or similar vehicles suitable for transdermal applications.
• Doses of from O.l ⁇ gper day to lOO ⁇ gper day of the vitamin D compounds and doses of 7.0 mgper day to 700 mgper day of bone calcium resorption inhibitor are appropriate for treatment purposes, such doses being adjusted according to the disease to be treated, its severity and the response of the subject as is well understood in the art.
• a sufficient amount of bone calcium resorption inhibitor is administered so as to provide O.lmg/kg to 10 mg/kg of body weight.
• the vitamin D compounds or mimetics and/or the inhibitors of bone calcium resorption each may be suitably administered independently of each other, or they may be administered simultaneously, in an appropriate dosage schedule, or they may be administered together with graded doses of another vitamin D compound or mimetic and/or inhibitor of bone calcium resorption in situations where different degrees of biological activity is found to be advantageous.
• compositions for use in the above-mentioned treatment of psoriasis, cancer and other malignancies or autoimmune diseases comprise an effective amount of one or more vitamin D compound, as defined by the above formula I, or mimetics, together with one or more inhibitor of bone calcium resorption as defined herein, as the active ingredients, and a suitable pharmaceutical carrier for each.
• the compositions may be administered substantially simultaneously or the preferred method is for the composition containing the bone calcium resorption inhibitor to be administered first followed by the composition containing the vitamin D compound. It is also contemplated that a single composition could contain both the vitamin D compound or mimetic and the bone calcium resorption inhibitor.
• An effective amount of each of such compounds for use in accordance with this invention is from about 0.1 ⁇ g to lOO ⁇ g per gram of composition for vitamin D compounds or mimetics and 7 mg to 700 mg per gram of composition for the bone resorption inhibitors, and may be formulated to be administered topically, transdermally, orally or parenterally.
• compositions may be formulated as creams, lotions, ointments, topical patches, pills, capsules or tablets, or in liquid form as solutions, emulsions, dispersions, or suspensions in pharmaceutically innocuous and acceptable solvent or oils, and such preparations may contain in addition other pharmaceutically innocuous or beneficial components, such as stabilizers, antioxidants, emulsifiers, coloring agents, binders or taste-modifying agents.
• compositions are advantageously administered in amounts sufficient to result in the desired effect. Dosages as described above are suitable, it being understood that the amounts given are to be adjusted in accordance with the severity of the disease, and the condition and response of the subject as is well understood in the art.
• compositions of the present invention comprise an active ingredient in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefore and optionally other therapeutic ingredients.
• the carrier must be "acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulations and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
• Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be in the form of discrete units as capsules, sachets, tablets or lozenges, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; in the form of a powder or granules; in the form of a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or non-aqueous liquid; or in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oil emulsion.
• Formulations for rectal administration may be in the form of a suppository incorporating the active ingredient and carrier such as cocoa butter, or in the form of an enema.
• Formulations suitable for parenteral administration conveniently comprise a sterile oily or aqueous preparation of the active ingredient which is preferably isotonic with the blood of the recipient.
• Formulations suitable for topical administration include liquid or semi-liquid preparations such as liniments, lotions, applicants, oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions such as creams, ointments or pastes; or solutions or suspensions such as drops; or as sprays.
• dosage unit a unitary, i.e. a single dose which is capable of being administered to a patient as a physically and chemically stable unit dose comprising either the active ingredient as such or a mixture of it with solid or liquid pharmaceutical diluents or carriers.
• mice Eight-week-old male CD1 mice were obtained from Harlan-Sprague Dawley and fed purified diet 11 containing 0.47% calcium, 0.3% phosphorus, and supplemented with vitamins A,D,E and K as described by Suda et al. (1970). Two days after arrival, the rats were then transferred to the same diet 11 but containing 0.02% calcium, 0.3% phosphorus, and the A,D,E and K supplement. Thus, the animals were on a diet essentially devoid of calcium. Two days following shifting of the animals to the low calcium diet, they were given the following doses: 1.7 ⁇ g/kg bw and/or 4.5 ⁇ g/kg bw 2MD or 500 ⁇ g/kg bw l,25-(OH)2D3.
• mice were first divided into 6/group and provided the vitamin D compounds by oral administration at the dose levels shown.
• Alendronate which was obtained from Sigma was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline and given interperitoneally in a volume of 100 ⁇ L. Serum was collected on days 2, 3, 4 and 8 following treatment. Total serum calcium was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
• the oil and vitamin D compounds were administered by oral gavage.
• the alendronate and PBS were administered intraperitoneally in a volume of 100 ⁇ l.

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  • 2003-06-26 EP EP03739354A patent/EP1545549A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-06-26 AU AU2003245748A patent/AU2003245748A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-06-26 JP JP2004534233A patent/JP2006500388A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-06-26 NZ NZ539129A patent/NZ539129A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2003-06-26 KR KR1020057003765A patent/KR100835456B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2003-06-26 MX MXPA05002467A patent/MXPA05002467A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2003-06-26 CA CA002497828A patent/CA2497828A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-06-26 WO PCT/US2003/020517 patent/WO2004022068A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2003-06-26 PL PL03375558A patent/PL375558A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2003-06-26 BR BR0314006-7A patent/BR0314006A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2003-06-26 CN CNA038248883A patent/CN1694711A/zh active Pending
• 2005
  • 2005-03-03 ZA ZA200501843A patent/ZA200501843B/en unknown
• 2009
  • 2009-09-21 AU AU2009217403A patent/AU2009217403A1/en not_active Abandoned

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