WO2004014085A1 - データ処理装置およびデータ処理方法 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/112—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode according to a given display mode, e.g. for interlaced or progressive display mode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/114—Adapting the group of pictures [GOP] structure, e.g. number of B-frames between two anchor frames
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/172—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a picture, frame or field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
- H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a moving picture coding technique for compressing moving picture data with high efficiency.
- MPEG1, MPEG2, etc. which select and encode any of intra-picture coding, forward prediction coding, and bidirectional prediction coding, are known as coding techniques for efficiently compressing moving image data. I have.
- a moving image When coding is performed using such a moving image coding technique, a moving image often includes an image (hereinafter referred to as an “I-picture”) that has been compression-coded by an intra-screen coding method.
- An image compressed and encoded by the directional prediction coding method hereinafter, referred to as a “P picture”
- an image compression-coded by the bidirectional prediction coding method hereinafter, referred to as a “B picture” Mix.
- I-pictures are coded using only the image data without temporal prediction.
- the P picture is predictively coded with reference to the preceding I picture or P picture.
- B pictures are predictively coded with reference to I and P pictures located before and after.
- the picture to be referred to is called a reference picture, and a reference picture to be used for prediction is set according to each picture type.
- FIG. 1 shows a prediction structure of moving image data by bidirectional prediction.
- I, P, and B in the figure are I picture, P picture, and B picture, respectively. Indicate Kucha.
- the coding order in the illustrated prediction structure is II, P4, B2, B3, P7, B5 and B6.
- picture I 1 is intra-coded.
- Picture P4 is forward predictive coded using picture I1 as a reference picture.
- Pictures B2 and B3 are bidirectionally predicted coded using picture I1 and picture P4 as reference pictures.
- picture P7 is forward-predicted coded using picture P4 as a reference picture
- pictures B5 and B6 are bi-directionally predicted coded using pictures P4 and P7 as reference pictures, respectively. Be converted to
- FIG. 2 shows an arrangement of an I picture, a P picture, and a B picture.
- an I picture is arranged every N frames
- a P picture is arranged between I pictures every M frames.
- (M-1) B pictures are provided between the I picture and the immediately following P picture or between the P picture and the immediately following P picture.
- B picture is a reference picture located before and after it (I picture and P picture) This is because B-pictures must be coded by changing the order of each picture type at the time of input since coding cannot be started until is encoded.
- the reason for using a B picture is that the prediction efficiency can be improved by using bidirectional prediction that combines forward prediction and backward prediction. Also, B pictures are not used as reference pictures in subsequent predictive coding like I pictures and P pictures, so that errors during predictive coding do not propagate. Therefore, there is an advantage that even if coding is performed with a smaller amount of code than an I-picture P-picture, deterioration in image quality is less noticeable visually. On the other hand, when a B picture is used, the interval M between the reference pictures in the forward prediction of the P picture is separated by an amount corresponding to the insertion of the B picture. There is a disadvantage that.
- coding efficiency can be improved by dynamically switching the interval M between reference images in forward prediction according to the characteristics of moving image data.
- Conventional techniques for performing coding by dynamically switching the interval M between reference pictures in forward prediction include, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 9-12946466, and 10-304043.
- Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 4 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2000-128179 are examples.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 9-9246466 describes that a motion vector of an encoded frame is scaled and the magnitude of the motion vector is encoded in the next frame. This document describes a technique for controlling the interval M between reference images so as to be within the motion search range of the system.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-304304 discloses that the prediction efficiency of inter-frame prediction is calculated using a prediction error or activity obtained in an encoded block, and a reference image is calculated in accordance with the prediction efficiency. It describes a technique for controlling the interval M.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2000-1179 discloses a technique for calculating inter-frame prediction performance using a generated code amount or coding complexity of each picture type, and a reference image according to the prediction performance. A technique for controlling the interval M of the vehicle is described.
- the reference image is switched by switching the picture structure, and encoding is performed.
- Efficiency can be improved.
- the picture structure is a unit for performing encoding, and a frame structure or a field structure can be selected for each encoded image.
- a frame structure is selected as a picture structure, encoding is performed in units of frame images.
- the field structure is selected, encoding is performed for each of the first field image and the second field image constituting one frame.
- the field image for which intra-screen coding is performed is the I field
- the field image for which forward prediction coding is performed is the P field
- the field image for which bidirectional prediction coding is performed is the Called the B field. Focusing on the type of the first field image, the frame where the first field image is an I field is referred to as an I frame and a P field. Is called a P frame, and a frame that is a B field is called a B frame.
- FIGS. 4 (a), (b) and (c) show the relationship between the picture type and the reference image in the field structure.
- 4A shows an I frame
- FIG. 4B shows a P frame
- FIG. 4C shows a B frame.
- the I frame in (a) is of a type that uses both the first field image and the second field image as the I field, and a type that uses the first field image as the I field and the second field image as the P field. Either is selected.
- the second field image is to be a P field
- the first field image in the same frame is used as the reference image.
- the I field or P field coded immediately before is used as the reference image for predictive coding.
- the first field image (the previous field image) in the same frame can be used as a reference image.
- the prediction efficiency can be improved particularly for an image with fast movement.
- both the first field image and the second field image use the I field or P field of the preceding and succeeding frames as reference images for predictive coding.
- An object of the present invention is to more reliably determine the speed of motion of a moving image in the compression encoding of moving image data, and even to a case where a particularly fast moving image is included.
- the purpose of the present invention is to realize efficient compression coding while maintaining sufficient quality by performing control for dynamically switching the coding method and the coding unit. Disclosure of the invention
- the data processing device compresses moving image data representing a moving image in a predetermined image unit by using any of an intra-screen coding method, a forward prediction coding method, and a bidirectional prediction coding method. I do.
- the moving image is obtained by continuously displaying a plurality of frame images each composed of two field images.
- the data processing device includes: a memory that stores the moving image data; a calculating unit that calculates a parameter indicating a degree of change of the moving image based on the moving image data of the two field images;
- the image unit compression-encoded by the intra-picture coding method and the forward prediction coding method, and a picture structure that defines the predetermined image unit are determined based on the parameters calculated by the unit.
- the calculation unit obtains an amount of change in the time direction based on an amount of change in the moving image data between the two field images, and
- the spatial direction change amount is obtained based on the change amount of the moving image data, and the parameter is calculated based on the time direction change amount and the spatial direction change amount. Calculate the meter.
- the two field images are a first field image corresponding to an odd-numbered line of the frame image and a second field image corresponding to an even-numbered line of the frame image.
- the calculation unit specifies adjacent lines in each of the first field image and the second field image, and calculates the spatial direction change amount based on a difference between image data of each line. I do.
- the calculation unit divides each frame image into a plurality of blocks, calculates the time direction change amount and the space direction change amount based on image data of each block, and Based on the time direction change amount and each space direction change amount, a ratio of a block in which the change amount of the moving image to all block numbers is equal to or more than a predetermined amount is calculated as the parameter.
- the determining unit determines the picture structure to be a field structure, and the processing unit converts the moving image data to the field value. Compression encoding is performed for each root image.
- the determination unit increases at least one of the number of field images to be compression-coded by the intra-picture coding method and the number of field images to be compression-coded by the forward prediction coding method. I do.
- the deciding unit uses only the intra-picture coding method or the forward prediction coding method to encode a field image. Compression encoding.
- the determination unit determines the picture structure as a frame structure, and performs the processing.
- the unit compresses and encodes the moving image data in units of the frame image.
- the determination unit is configured to determine that a first image that is compression-encoded by a forward prediction encoding method and a second image that is predictively encoded with reference to the first image are continuous.
- the picture structure of the second image is determined to be a field structure, and if not continuous, the picture structure of the second image is determined to be a frame structure.
- the determination unit is configured to determine that a first image that is compression-encoded by a forward prediction encoding method and a second image that is predictively encoded with reference to the first image are continuous.
- the picture structure of the second image is determined to be a frame structure or a field structure, and if not continuous, the picture structure of the second image is determined to be a frame structure.
- the determination unit is configured to determine a period determined based on a plurality of images compression-encoded by an intra-screen encoding method or a plurality of images compression-encoded by a forward prediction encoding method.
- the picture structure of the image to be compression-encoded by the forward prediction encoding method is determined according to the above.
- the determination unit is compression-encoded by the forward prediction encoding method according to a cycle determined based on the plurality of images compression-encoded by an intra-screen encoding method.
- the determination unit is a forward prediction code.
- a picture structure of an image to be compression-coded by the forward prediction coding scheme is determined according to a cycle determined based on the plurality of pictures to be compression-coded by the coding scheme.
- the determination unit includes a first image that is compression-encoded by an intra-screen encoding method, and a second image that is compression-encoded by a forward prediction encoding method with reference to the first image.
- the picture structure of the first image is determined to be a field structure, and among the first field image and the second field image constituting the first image, It is determined that the first field image is compression-coded by an intra-screen coding method, and that the second field image is compression-coded by a forward prediction coding method.
- the determination unit converts a picture structure of an image compression-encoded by an intra-screen encoding method into a immediately preceding image or a forward prediction encoding method which is compression-encoded by an intra-screen encoding method. Is determined to match the picture structure of the image immediately before compression-encoded.
- the determination unit converts a picture structure of an image compression-encoded by an intra-screen encoding method into an image immediately after compression-encoding by an intra-screen encoding method or a forward predictive encoding method. Decides to match the picture structure of the image immediately after compression encoding.
- the determining unit determines that a picture structure of a first image that is compression-encoded by a bidirectional predictive coding scheme matches a picture structure of a reference image referred to by the first image. I do.
- a data processing system includes: And a transmission unit for transmitting the compressed data generated by the processing unit of the data processing device onto a transmission medium.
- a data processing system includes the data processing device described above, and a recording unit that records the compressed data generated by the processing unit of the data processing device on a recording medium.
- Another data processing apparatus is a video data processing apparatus that converts video data representing a video in a predetermined image unit by using any of an intra-screen coding method, a forward prediction coding method, and a bidirectional prediction coding method. Perform compression encoding.
- the moving image is obtained by continuously displaying a plurality of frame images.
- the evening processing device includes: a memory for storing the moving image data; a time direction change amount indicating a change amount of the moving image data between two consecutive frame images; and an image for each of the two frame images.
- a calculating unit that calculates a spatial direction change amount indicating a change amount of the moving image data, and calculates a parameter indicating a degree of change of the moving image based on the time direction change amount and the spatial direction change amount.
- a determining unit that determines a compression coding method for each of the plurality of frame images based on the parameters calculated by the calculating unit; and determining the moving image data stored in the memory.
- a processing unit that performs compression encoding according to the method determined by the determination unit and generates compressed data.
- the moving image is obtained by continuously displaying a plurality of frame images each composed of two field images, and the two field images are odd numbers of the frame images.
- An adjacent line in the image is specified, and the spatial direction change amount is calculated based on a difference between the image data of each line.
- the calculation unit specifies two lines at the same position in the two frame images, calculates the time direction change amount based on a difference between image data of each line, and An adjacent line in one of the two frame images is specified, and the spatial direction change amount is calculated based on a difference between the image data of each line.
- the determination unit increases at least one of the number of frame images to be compression-encoded by the intra-picture encoding method and the number of frame images to be compression-encoded by the forward prediction encoding method. .
- the determination unit compresses and codes the frame image using only one of the intra-frame coding method and the forward prediction coding method.
- a data processing system includes the above-described data processing device, and a transmission unit that transmits the compressed data generated by a processing unit of the data processing device to a transmission medium.
- a data processing system includes the data processing device described above, and a recording unit that records the compressed data generated by a processing unit of the data processing device on a recording medium.
- the data processing method includes the steps of: moving image data representing a moving image; Compression encoding is performed in a predetermined image unit according to one of the encoding methods.
- the moving image is obtained by successively displaying a plurality of frame images each composed of two field images.
- the data processing method includes: storing the moving image data; calculating a parameter indicating a degree of change of the moving image based on the moving image data of the two field images; Determining, based on the parameters, an image unit to be compression-encoded by the intra-screen encoding method and the forward prediction encoding method, and a picture structure that defines the predetermined image unit; and Compressing and encoding according to the determined picture structure to generate compressed data.
- another data processing method includes a step of: converting video data representing a video into a predetermined image by using any of an intra-screen coding method, a forward prediction coding method, and a bidirectional prediction coding method. Compression-encodes in units.
- the moving image is obtained by continuously displaying a plurality of frame images.
- the data processing method includes: storing the moving image data; a time direction change amount indicating a change amount of the moving image data between two consecutive frame images; and an image for each of the two frame images. Calculating a spatial direction change amount indicating a change amount of the moving image data in the moving image data, and a parameter indicating a degree of change of the moving image based on the time direction change amount and the spatial direction change amount.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a prediction structure of moving image data by bidirectional prediction.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an arrangement of an I picture, a P picture, and a B picture.
- Fig. 4 (a) is a diagram showing the reference relationship of the I frame, (b) is a diagram showing the reference relationship of the P frame, and (c) is a diagram showing the reference relationship of the B frame.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of a functional block of the video encoding device 100 in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the moving picture coding apparatus 100.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the concept of the time direction change amount (A) and the spatial direction change amount (B).
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example when a frame image is divided into a plurality of blocks.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a procedure of processing in which the prediction method determination unit 109 determines an encoding method for each frame image and determines a picture structure to be subjected to compression encoding.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a process of determining an encoding method for each frame image.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a process for determining a picture structure to be subjected to compression encoding.
- Fig. 12 (a) is a diagram showing the data structure of the picture data compressed and encoded by the frame structure, and (b) is the data structure of the frame image data compressed and encoded by the field structure.
- FIG. 12 (a) is a diagram showing the data structure of the picture data compressed and encoded by the frame structure, and (b) is the data structure of the frame image data compressed and encoded by the field structure.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the degree of change parameter and the picture structure of the compressed data.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of a process of determining a coding method of a frame image at a predetermined cycle and determining a picture structure to be subjected to compression coding.
- FIG. 15 (a) is a diagram showing a configuration of functional blocks of the encoding system 10
- FIG. 15 (b) is a diagram showing a configuration of functional blocks of the decoding system 11.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration of a functional block of the moving picture coding apparatus 100 in the present embodiment.
- the moving picture coding apparatus 100 compresses and codes moving picture data obtained based on a moving picture signal such as a television signal based on, for example, the MPEG2 standard, and outputs compressed data.
- the moving image data is data representing a moving image and includes data of individual frame images. Also, the moving image data may include audio data relating to audio.
- a moving image can be viewed by displaying a plurality of frame images and sounds continuously.
- the video encoding device 100 includes an input image memory 101, a decoded image memory 102, a motion vector detection unit 103, a motion compensation prediction unit 104, and D CT / quantization unit 105, inverse quantization / inverse DCT unit 106, variable-length encoding unit 107, variance parameter calculation unit 108, and prediction method determination unit 109 And an encoding order control unit 110.
- the input image memory 101 stores the received moving image signal as moving image data until encoding.
- the moving image data is stored in the memory 101 in a format capable of specifying a plurality of continuous images. Further, the memory 101 can store enough image data for the processing delay of each image caused by the encoding order. As a result, when the moving picture coding apparatus 100 compresses and codes moving picture data, the processing can be continued even if the coding order of each picture data is changed with respect to the input order.
- the input image memory 101 can store image data for at least four frame images.
- the moving image data is encoded according to an encoding order specified by an encoding order control unit 110 described later.
- the decoded image memory 102 is a decoding device that adds the image data decoded by the inverse quantization / inverse DC input unit 106 and the motion compensation predicted image data obtained by the motion compensation prediction unit 104. Stores image data.
- the decoded image data is later used as the image data of the reference image in the motion vector detection unit 103 and the motion compensation prediction unit 104.
- the motion vector detection unit 103 refers to the image data stored in the decoding image memory 102, and the image of the image data in the input image memory 101 has moved (changed). ) Detect the amount as a motion vector.
- the motion compensation prediction unit 104 generates motion compensation prediction image data using the motion vector detected by the motion vector detection unit 103 and the decoded image data in the decoded image memory 102.
- the DCT / quantization unit 105 transforms the prediction error data into a discrete cosine transform (DCT) and quantizes it using a specified quantization value.
- the prediction error data corresponds to a difference between the image data in the input image memory 101 and the motion compensated prediction image data generated by the motion compensation prediction unit 104. Note that the DCT / quantization unit 105 can also process the input image data itself without using motion-compensated predicted image data.
- the inverse quantization / inverse DC input unit 106 is used to process the image to be processed as an I-picture and a P-picture. Performs inverse quantization and inverse discrete cosine transform to generate a decoded image to be used as a reference image.
- the variable-length coding unit 107 converts the data obtained by the discrete cosine transform by the 0 (: ⁇ / quantization unit 105 and the quantized data, and the motion vector detected by the motion vector detection unit 103.
- the motion position information on the knob is variable-length coded and the compressed data is output.
- the change parameter overnight calculation unit 108 calculates the temporal change amount and the spatial direction obtained from the image feature amount for the image data of each image stored in the input image memory 101.
- the change degree parameter is calculated using the change amount.
- the image feature amount means a value of pixel data (for example, luminance data) of each coordinate in the image, and is an element constituting the image data.
- the change parameter is a parameter indicating the degree of change (severity or speed) of the content of each displayed image when a plurality of images constituting the moving image are compared. More specific processing of the change degree parameter overnight calculation unit 108 will be described later in detail.
- the prediction method determination unit 109 refers to an image to be coded based on the change degree parameter calculated by the change degree parameter overnight calculation unit 108. Determine the image and picture structure.
- the encoding order control unit 110 controls the encoding order of the image data stored in the input image memory 101 in accordance with the prediction method determined by the prediction method determination unit 109.
- One of the main features of the moving picture coding apparatus 100 according to the present invention is the processing performed in the degree of change parameter calculating section 108 and the prediction method determining section 109. Therefore, hereinafter, the processing of these components will be described in detail while describing the operation of the video encoding device 100.
- the other components denoted by reference numerals 102 to 107 and 110 are collectively referred to as a “processing unit” unless otherwise specified.
- one frame image is composed of two field images.
- FIG. 6 shows a processing flow of the video encoding device 100.
- the moving picture coding apparatus 100 receives a moving picture signal and stores it in the input picture memory 101 as moving picture data.
- the degree-of-change parameter calculating section 108 calculates a degree-of-change parameter based on moving image data of a plurality of images. Specifically, first, the degree-of-change parameter calculation unit 108 obtains the amount of change in the time direction based on the amount of change in the image data between the first field image and the second field image constituting the frame image. . Further, the variation parameter overnight calculation unit 108 obtains a spatial direction change amount for each of the first field image and the second field image based on the change amount of the image data in the image. After that, the change degree parameter calculation unit 108 changes based on the time direction change amount and the space direction change amount. Calculate the degree of conversion parameter.
- this will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
- a frame image for which the amount of change in the time direction and the amount of change in the spatial direction are to be calculated is a candidate image to be compression-coded as an I picture or a P picture.
- the candidate image has been temporarily determined based on a predetermined rule in the moving image encoding device 100. For example, among the frame images included in the input moving image data, a candidate image of an I picture is determined every N frames, and a candidate image of a P picture is determined between I pictures every M frames. It should be noted that which of the I, P, and B pictures each frame image ends up with is determined later by a series of processes of the video encoding device 100.
- FIG. 7 shows the concept of the time direction change amount (A) and the space direction change amount (B).
- a frame image is composed of two field images.
- the first field image is an image corresponding to an odd line (black line in the figure) of the frame image
- the second field image is an image corresponding to an even line (white line in the figure) of the frame image. .
- the amount of change in the time direction D t (A) can be obtained as an average value by adding the difference (A) between the image data of two pixels adjacent to each other in the vertical direction in the frame image.
- “Two adjacent pixels” are pixels of the first field image and pixels of the second field image.
- the spatial direction change amount D s (B) is calculated as the average of the difference (B) between the image data of two pixels adjacent in the vertical direction in the first field and the second field. You can ask.
- the change parameter overnight calculation unit 108 is calculated by (Equation 1) and (Equation 2). Then, the time direction change amount Dt and the space direction change amount Ds are calculated. (Number 1)
- A is a constant for adjusting the value of the change parameter C f, and is a number greater than 1.
- the speed of motion of a moving image is determined based only on the amount of change in the time direction, it may be determined that the motion is fast even if the object in the moving image is shifted by one pixel. By making a decision based on the amount of change, the effect of slight pixel shift is reduced. Therefore, the speed of the motion of the moving image can be more accurately determined.
- FIG. 8 shows an example in which a frame image is divided into a plurality of blocks.
- the change degree parameter calculation unit 108 divides the frame image into a plurality of blocks (for example, 16 ⁇ 16 pixels),
- the amount of change in the time direction D t_b 1 k can be obtained as an average value by adding the difference between image data of two pixels adjacent to each other in the block in the vertical direction.
- the spatial direction change amount Ds-b1k is the difference (B) between pixels adjacent in the vertical direction in the field corresponding to the odd-numbered line and the field corresponding to the even-numbered line in each block. Can be obtained as an average value by adding.
- Ds_blk ⁇ I F (x, y)-F (x, y + 2) 11 Ns.blk
- the change parameter overnight calculation unit 108 uses the obtained time direction change amount Dt-b1k and space direction change amount Ds-b1k to determine whether or not the field correlation is high for each block. Determined by (Equation 8). (number If 8) is satisfied, the block is considered to be a block with high field correlation, which means that the motion (change) of the moving image is fast.
- the change degree parameter overnight calculation unit 108 counts the number of blocks determined to have a high field correlation, and holds the result as “High_b 1 ks”. Then, the change degree parameter overnight calculation unit 108 calculates the ratio of the number of counted blocks High_b 1 ks to the number of all blocks used for the determination (“A l 1 ⁇ blks”) by (number This is calculated as 9), and this is set as the change parameter over time C f of the frame image.
- the evaluation values used to determine the DCT mode (frame DCT and field DCT) of a macroblock are each represented in the time direction.
- Change D It can also be used as t_b1k and spatial direction change amount Ds_b1k.
- the variation parameter overnight calculator 108 calculates the variation parameter overnight Cf based on the image data of the two field images constituting one frame image.
- the prediction method determination unit 109 determines an encoding method for each frame image to be compression-encoded based on the calculated change parameter. Through this processing, it is determined whether each frame image is finally subjected to compression coding into an I picture, a P picture, or a B picture, and at the same time, the value of M shown in FIG. 2 is determined. Subsequently, in step 604, the prediction method determination unit 109 determines a picture structure in which compression encoding is performed on an image constituting moving image data.
- FIG. 9 shows coding in frame image units This section describes the procedure for determining the method and determining the picture structure to be subjected to compression encoding.
- FIG. 9 is composed of the processing of steps 91 to 914. Of these steps, steps 91 and 902 are processes executed by the above-described change parameter / night calculation unit 108, and are described in order to clarify the process flow.
- the prediction method determination unit 109 executes the processing from step 903.
- steps 93 to 9110 are processes for determining an encoding method for each frame image
- steps 91 to 91 are compression encoding. This is the process of determining the picture structure to be performed.
- step 903 the prediction method determination unit 109 determines whether or not the change parameter overnight C f calculated by the change parameter overnight calculation unit 108 is larger than the first threshold TH1. to decide. If the change parameter Cf is greater than the first threshold value TH1, the process proceeds to step 904 assuming that the motion of the moving image is fast. Otherwise, the process proceeds to step 907.
- step 904 the prediction method determination unit 109 reduces the interval M between the reference images shown in FIG. 2 by a predetermined value (for example, 1), and sets the interval between the I picture and the P picture or the P picture and the P picture. Make the distance from the picture narrower.
- the moving picture coding apparatus 100 can increase the frequency of appearance of frame pictures to be coded as I-pictures or P-pictures, and can cope with fast-moving moving pictures.
- the prediction method determination unit 1 09 determines whether the value of M after the change is smaller than the minimum value Mmin. If the value of M is smaller than the minimum value Mmin, the process proceeds to step 906; otherwise, the process proceeds to step 911.
- step 906 the prediction method determination unit 109 sets the value of M after the change to the minimum value Mmin, and proceeds to step 911.
- step 907 the prediction method determination unit 109 compares the value of the change degree parameter Cf with the second threshold value TH2. If the value of the parameter of change Cf is smaller than the second threshold value TH2, the process proceeds to step 908; otherwise, the process proceeds to step 911.
- step 908 the prediction method determination unit 109 increases the interval M between the reference images shown in FIG. 2 by a predetermined value (for example, 1), and sets the interval M between the I picture and the P picture or the P picture. Increase the interval with the P picture. As a result, efficient coding can be performed even for a moving image having a slow motion.
- a predetermined value for example, 1
- step 909 the prediction method determining unit 109 determines whether or not the value of M after the change is larger than the maximum value Mmax. If the value of M is greater than the maximum value M max, go to step 910; otherwise, go to step 911. In step 910, the prediction method determination unit 109 sets the value of M after the change to the maximum value M max, and proceeds to step 911.
- the prediction method determination unit 109 can determine the interval between the I picture and the P picture or the interval between the P picture and the P picture. As a result, especially when the degree of change parameter is large, that is, the temporal change of the moving image signal is relative to the spatial change. When it is large, the prediction method determination unit 109 can reduce the interval M between the reference screens to prevent a decrease in prediction efficiency.
- the change degree parameter C f is calculated for an image that is compression-encoded as an I picture or a P picture, and the B picture is not considered. This is because the B picture is not used as a reference screen, and there is no need to perform the processing up to this point. However, it is possible to calculate the change degree parameter of the B picture and determine the interval of the reference screen using the parameter value.
- determining the picture structure means determining whether the unit of the image to be compression-encoded is a frame image or each of the field images constituting the frame image.
- the former picture structure is called “frame structure”
- the latter picture structure is called “field structure”.
- step 911 the prediction method determination unit 109 determines whether or not the change degree parameter C f calculated in step 902 is larger than the third threshold TH3. If the change degree parameter C f is larger than the third threshold value TH 3, the process proceeds to step 9 12; otherwise, the process proceeds to step 9 13.
- step 912 the prediction method determination unit 109 sets the picture structure of the image to be coded after the frame image for which the degree-of-change parameter is calculated to be coded in the field structure. The reason for this is that it is necessary to prevent a drop in prediction efficiency because the change in the moving image is considered to be drastic. When the motion of the moving image is fast, compression Prediction can be performed accurately, and the quality of the moving image after compression encoding can be maintained at a high level. Thereafter, the process ends.
- step 913 the change degree parameter C f is compared with a fourth threshold value TH. If the change degree parameter C f is smaller than the fourth threshold value TH 4, the process proceeds to step 9 14; otherwise, the process ends.
- step 914 the prediction method determination unit 109 sets the picture structure of the image to be subsequently encoded to be encoded in the frame structure, and ends the processing.
- the prediction efficiency is reduced by making the I picture or the P picture into a field structure. Can be prevented.
- the B picture may be coded with the same structure as the picture structure of the I picture or P picture coded immediately before.
- the picture structure of the B picture may be directly determined using the change degree parameter C f, or the picture structure may be fixed.
- the change parameter of the candidate picture of the I picture or the P picture is calculated, and the picture structure of the image is switched to the frame structure or the field structure. Only the switch may be made.
- Steps 9 01 to 9 14 in FIG. 9 are processing procedures in which the prediction method determination unit 109 continuously realizes the processing of steps 603 and 604. Can independently perform only the process corresponding to step 603 or only the process corresponding to step 604.
- Figure 10 shows Step 6 0
- Fig. 11 shows the processing procedure for determining the encoding method for each frame image, which corresponds to step 3.
- Fig. 11 shows the processing procedure for determining the picture structure for compression encoding, which corresponds to step 604. Show.
- the steps shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 the same steps as those shown in FIG. 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals. As is clear from the figure, all the steps are included in FIG. 9, and the description of each figure is omitted.
- the processing unit stores the moving image stored in the memory.
- Image data is compressed and encoded to generate compressed data.
- the picture structure is a frame structure and each frame image is compression-coded as I, B, and P pictures as shown in the upper part of FIG. 3 (c) (“input order”)
- the code The encoding order control unit 110 decides to perform encoding in the order shown in the lower part of FIG. 3C (“encoding order”).
- the motion vector detection unit 103 and the DCT / quantization unit 105 read and process the image data of the frame image in that order, and then process the image data in other components to obtain I, B , A compressed image including P-pictures is generated.
- step 606 of FIG. 6 the processing of steps 602 to 605 is repeated until the compression encoding is completed for all the moving image data.
- compressed data is generated from moving image data.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B show the data structure of the picture data included in the generated compressed data.
- FIG. 12 (a) shows the data structure of picture data compressed and coded by the frame structure.
- image data is placed after the picture header Is done.
- the picture header mainly includes a picture type field and a picture structure field.
- a picture type indicating whether the picture of the picture data is an I picture, a B picture, or a P picture is described.
- the picture structure field information indicating whether the picture of the picture data has a frame structure or a field structure is described.
- the picture structure field describes information indicating "frame structure".
- the image data contains a mixture of the data of the first field image and the data of the second field image, and the fields are separated when the compression-encoded image data is reproduced.
- Fig. 12 (b) shows the data structure of pictures (frame images) compressed and encoded by the field structure.
- the data structure includes a first field picture header, a second field picture header, and a second field picture header in order from the first field picture header.
- the first field image can be obtained based on the first field picture header and the first field image data.
- the second field image can be obtained based on the second field picture header and the second field image data.
- the data structure of the picture header includes a picture type field and a picture structure field as in the case of the frame structure described above.
- the picture type indicating "I-field” is described in the picture header for the first field, and the second field In the picture header for use, a picture type indicating "I field” or "P field” is described.
- Picture structure fee Each field contains information indicating which field it is.
- Fig. 13 shows the relationship between the degree of change parameter and the picture structure of the compressed data.
- I, B and P indicate an I picture, a B picture and a P picture, respectively.
- the numbers after I, B and P indicate the frame numbers from the first I picture.
- the picture structure of pictures (I1, B2, P3, etc.) surrounded by solid lines is a frame structure, and the picture structure of pictures (P4 to P6) surrounded by broken lines is a field structure. I do.
- the encoding order is pictures II, P3, and B2.
- the picture structure of the succeeding picture P4 has been changed to a field structure. This is because the change parameter overnight C f calculated for the picture P 3 satisfies C f> TH 1 and C f> TH 3.
- the change parameter C f calculated in relation to the picture P 5 satisfies C f ⁇ TH4.
- the picture structure is changed from the field structure to the frame structure (step 914).
- M 1
- the first field of the I picture may be set to the I field and the second field may be set to the P field.
- the picture structure of the I picture ZP picture may match the picture structure of the immediately preceding I picture or P picture.
- the picture structure of the B picture may be made to match the picture structure of the I picture or P picture to be referred to.
- FIG. 14 shows a procedure of a process of determining a coding method of a frame image at a predetermined cycle and determining a picture structure to be subjected to compression coding.
- the “constant period” means, for example, the period from one I picture to the next I picture (the interval N in Fig. 2), the period of the P picture (the interval M in Fig. 2), and a period that is an integral multiple of them. It is.
- I picture and P picture mean candidate images to be compression-coded as I picture and P picture.
- a group of pictures consisting of the first I picture and a plurality of subsequent P and B pictures is called a GOP (Group of Picture).
- the GOP is approximately 0.5 seconds long in terms of video playback time.
- the “period” is the period from the I picture to the next I picture (ie, G
- step 1401 the degree-of-change parameter calculation unit 108 determines whether or not the image to be encoded is a candidate image (top image) at the top of the GOP. If it is the first image, the process proceeds to step 1402; otherwise, the process proceeds to step 1403.
- step 1402 the change degree parameter overnight calculation unit 108 initializes the value of the parameter SumCf to 0, and proceeds to step 1403.
- the parameter S u mC f is used to hold the sum total of the change parameter C f.
- step 1403 the change parameter calculator 108 calculates the change parameter C f of the image, and in the next step 1404, adds it to the value of the parameter SumC f to obtain the value. Update the parameter SumC f with the result.
- step 1405 the degree-of-variation parameter calculation unit 108 determines whether or not the image currently being processed is the last candidate image in the GOP cycle. If the image is the last candidate image, go to step 1406; otherwise, After the processing shown in FIG. 14 is completed, the image is compression-encoded without changing the encoding conditions. Then, the process from the reproduction step 1401 is performed on the next image of the image.
- step 1406 the prediction method determination unit 109 determines the encoding condition according to the following procedure. First, in step 1406, the prediction method determination unit 109 determines whether the value of the parameter SumCf is greater than the fifth threshold value TH5 or not. If the value of the parameter SumCf is greater than the threshold value TH5, proceed to step 1407, otherwise proceed to step 1410.
- the prediction method determination unit 109 sets the interval M between reference images (I-pictures or P-pictures) included in the next cycle and thereafter to be smaller by a predetermined value (for example, 1). This means that the coding condition is set for the image of the next cycle based on the tendency of the image included in the current cycle.
- step 1408 the prediction method determination unit 109 determines whether or not the value of M after the change is smaller than the minimum value Mmin. If the value of M is smaller than the minimum value Mmin, go to step 1409; otherwise, go to step 144. In step 1409, the prediction method determination unit 109 sets the value of M after the change to the minimum value Mmin, and proceeds to step 144. Steps 1408 and 1409 are provided for the same reasons as steps 905 and 906 in FIG.
- step 1410 the prediction method determining unit 109 compares the value of the parameter SumCf with the sixth threshold TH6. When the value of the parameter SumCf is smaller than the threshold value TH6, the process proceeds to step 1411. Otherwise, the process proceeds to step 1414.
- step 1441 the prediction method determination unit 109 sets the interval M between reference images included in the next cycle and thereafter to be larger by a predetermined value (for example, 1). That is, as described in step 1407, the encoding condition is set for the image in the next cycle based on the tendency of the image included in the current cycle.
- step 1442 the prediction method determination unit 109 determines whether or not the value of M after the change is larger than the maximum value Mmax. If the value of M is greater than the maximum value Mm aX, proceed to steps 14 13, otherwise proceed to steps 14 14. In step 1413, the prediction method determination unit 109 sets the value of M after the change to the maximum value Mmax, and proceeds to step 1414.
- Steps 1414 to 1417 are processing for determining a picture structure which is an encoding condition of an image in the next cycle.
- the prediction method determination unit 109 compares the value of the parameter SumCf with the seventh threshold value. If the value of the parameter SumC ⁇ is greater than the threshold value TH7, proceed to step 1415, otherwise proceed to step 1416.
- step 1415 it is set so that an image of the specified picture type, which is included in the next cycle or later, is encoded in the field structure. This is because the value of the parameter SumC ⁇ is larger than the threshold value ⁇ 7, and it is considered that each image changes greatly. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the prediction efficiency from decreasing in the next cycle.
- Steps 1416 the value of the parameter SumCf is compared with the eighth threshold TH8. If the change degree parameter C f is smaller than the eighth threshold TH 8, the process proceeds to step S 14 17. Otherwise, the process ends.
- the prediction method determination unit 10 Reference numeral 9 denotes an image included in the next cycle or later, which is set so that the image of the specified picture is encoded in a frame structure, and the processing ends.
- the interval M between the reference images is reduced and the I picture Alternatively, by making the P-picture a field structure, it is possible to prevent a decrease in prediction efficiency.
- FIG. 15 (a) shows a configuration of a functional block of the encoding system 10.
- the encoding system 10 includes an encoding device 100, a transmitting unit 150, and a recording unit 15 1.
- the encoding system 10 is constructed as a broadcast facility in a broadcasting station, for example.
- the edited moving image is converted into compressed data by the moving image encoding device 100, and is transmitted from the transmitting unit 150 to each home via a transmission medium such as a radio wave or a transmission line.
- the compressed data output from the moving picture encoding device 100 is recorded on the recording medium 200 by the recording unit 151.
- the recording medium 200 includes, for example, an optical recording medium such as an optical disk, a semiconductor recording medium such as an SD memory card, and a magnetic recording medium such as an eighty disk. If the image quality is comparable to the conventional image quality, the amount of compressed data will be smaller, so the bandwidth and transmission time required for transmission can be reduced, or the recording capacity required for the recording medium 200 will be reduced. it can.
- the encoding system 10 can be realized by using a general-purpose PC.
- the video encoding device 100 is, for example, an encoder port incorporated in a PC. If the input video signal is a TV signal, 10 records the compressed data relating to the television program on the hard disk 200 in the hard disk drive 151.
- FIG. 15 (b) shows the functional block configuration of the decryption system 11.
- the decoding system 11 includes a receiving unit 160, a reading unit 161, a decoding device 300, and a display unit 170.
- the decoding system 11 is constructed, for example, as a video and audio system constructed in the home of a television viewer.
- the receiving unit 160 is an antenna for receiving a radio wave carrying compressed data or a receiving port of a set-top box for receiving a broadcast signal carrying compressed data.
- the reading / reading unit 161 is a drive device for reading compressed data recorded on the recording medium 200, a memory capacity slot (not shown), or the like.
- the decoding device 300 has a function of decoding compressed data.
- the compressed data when the compressed data is generated in accordance with the MPEG standard, the data structure shown in FIG. 12 is analyzed. It is an MPEG decoder that can decode based on the analysis results. However, in the present invention, since the decoding function does not particularly matter, the description of the decoding device 300 is omitted.
- the display section 170 is a television having speed. The viewer can receive the compressed data in the decoding system 11 or read out and decode it from the recording medium 200 to view the moving image.
- the configuration and operation of the video encoding device 100 have been described above.
- the image coding apparatus 100 dynamically controls the intervals between I-pictures and P-pictures and / or P-pictures based on a degree of change parameter indicating the degree of change in a moving image. .
- the picture structure can be dynamically switched between the frame structure and the field structure to improve the coding efficiency. Therefore, the video encoding device 100
- the quality of the reproduced image is high if the data amount is the same, and the data amount is smaller if the image quality is the same. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize compression encoding while maintaining sufficient quality, and to realize compression encoding more efficiently.
- the specific values of the threshold values TH1 to TH8 mentioned in the above description are determined freely by a manufacturer that manufactures the moving picture coding device 1 ⁇ 0 according to the specifications of the device. Can be. Alternatively, it can be freely determined according to the required compression quality.
- the moving image to be processed by the moving image encoding apparatus 100 has been described as being an in-even-one-race video
- the present invention can also be applied to a progressive video.
- progressive video since there is no field image but only a frame image, for example, two consecutive frame images displayed every 1/60 second are used, It can be treated as the first and second fields described.
- F (x, y) in (Equation 1) and the like are replaced with the pixel values (x, y) of the first frame image, and F (x, y + 1) is replaced in the second frame. What is necessary is just to replace it with the pixel value G 2 (X, y) of the image.
- F (x, y) is the pixel value of the first frame image.
- the above-described processing of the data processing apparatus 100 is performed based on a computer program.
- a computer program For example, the process of generating compressed data is shown in Figure 6. It is realized by executing a computer program described based on the flowchart shown in FIGS.
- the computer program can be recorded on a recording medium such as an optical recording medium represented by an optical disk, an SD memory card, a semiconductor recording medium represented by an EEPROM, and a magnetic recording medium represented by a flexible disk.
- the optical disk device 100 can acquire a computer program not only via a recording medium but also via an electric communication line such as an Internet.
- a data processing device and method capable of more efficiently performing compression encoding of moving image data while maintaining sufficient quality.
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is useful in data processing applications such as recording, transmission, and reproduction of compression-encoded data.
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EP03766717A EP1507417A4 (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2003-08-01 | DATA PROCESSING DEVICE AND DATA PROCESSING METHOD |
JP2004525828A JP4192149B2 (ja) | 2002-08-05 | 2003-08-01 | データ処理装置およびデータ処理方法 |
KR20047003659A KR100636465B1 (ko) | 2002-08-05 | 2003-08-01 | 데이터 처리 장치 및 데이터 처리 방법 |
US10/515,555 US7929604B2 (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2003-08-01 | Data processing device and data processing method |
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KR (1) | KR100636465B1 (ja) |
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US8254467B2 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2012-08-28 | Sensio Technologies Inc. | Method and system for scaling compressed image frames |
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JP6761002B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-09-23 | ファナック株式会社 | データ管理装置、データ管理プログラム及びデータ管理方法 |
CN115396733A (zh) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-11-25 | 上海洛塔信息技术有限公司 | 视频帧传输方法、装置、设备、存储介质及产品 |
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- 2003-08-01 JP JP2004525828A patent/JP4192149B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-01 EP EP03766717A patent/EP1507417A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-08-01 WO PCT/JP2003/009843 patent/WO2004014085A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-08-01 US US10/515,555 patent/US7929604B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP1507417A4 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
JP4192149B2 (ja) | 2008-12-03 |
CN1613261A (zh) | 2005-05-04 |
CN100518327C (zh) | 2009-07-22 |
US20050226326A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
US7929604B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 |
EP1507417A1 (en) | 2005-02-16 |
KR100636465B1 (ko) | 2006-10-19 |
KR20040035763A (ko) | 2004-04-29 |
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