WO2004009308A2

WO2004009308A2 - Method for producing a composite block and a vibrating machine for use in said method

Info

Publication number: WO2004009308A2
Application number: PCT/EP2003/007898
Authority: WO
Inventors: Harald Winkler
Original assignee: Harald Winkler
Priority date: 2002-07-18
Filing date: 2003-07-18
Publication date: 2004-01-29
Also published as: EP1525077A2; DE10232760A1; AU2003257482A1; WO2004009308A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a composite block, in addition to a vibrating machine for vibrating and compacting materials that can be compacted, in particular from raw concrete that fills moulds to form concrete moulded parts, preferably earth-moist concrete. According to the invention, said vibrating machine consists of a machine base frame, a vibration generator and a vibrating table that is caused to vibrate by the vibration generator and onto which the mould for the concrete moulded parts can be placed. The machine is provided with means, which couple together the concrete mould and the vibrating table to reduce the noise level. The aim of the invention is to provide a favourable design for producing composite blocks and also to provide a vibrating machine, which at a constant or increased power has a significantly lower noise level and lower vibrational measurement that impact on the environment. The invention relates to a composite block, comprising a first block consisting of natural stone or a stone material that is similar to natural stone, whereby the block is bonded to a concrete core. According to the method, the block produced by the composite bond is placed in a concrete mould and a bonding substance and subsequently raw concrete, preferably earth-moist concrete are then applied to the block. The raw concrete is compacted in a vibrating machine, the latter consisting of a machine base frame, a vibration generator and a vibrating table that is caused to vibrate by the vibration generator and onto which the mould for the concrete moulded parts can be placed and having means, which couple together the concrete mould and the vibrating table to reduce the noise level. Said coupling means consist of a vacuum coupling, which draws together the vibrating table and the concrete mould by means of adherence during the vibrating process, using a vacuum.

Description

Process for producing a composite stone and vibrating machine for

Use in the process

The invention relates to a method for producing a composite stone as well as a vibrating machine for vibrating and compacting compactible materials, in particular raw concrete filled in concrete molds for concrete molded parts, preferably earth-moist raw concrete, the vibrating machine consisting of a machine base frame, a vibration generator, one of the vibration generator Vibration-displaceable vibrating table, on which the concrete mold for the concrete moldings can be placed, means are provided which couple the concrete mold and the vibrating table with one another to reduce noise.

If hitherto composite stones, consisting of a plate made of natural stone and a concrete core placed thereon, are first the plate made of concrete stone with its back with a composite material, e.g. Adhesive, provided and then concrete mass is applied. This concrete mass can then be compacted, the concrete mass being regularly liquid concrete, which is approximately one

BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE Set the day before the prefabricated concrete block can be removed from the concrete mold.

This very complex production does not allow the large-scale production of natural composite bricks.

Vibrators of the type mentioned are z. B. known from DE 199 62 083.0-25. Vibration dampers are provided between the foundation, the machine frame and the vibrating table. For example, steel springs or selenium blocks are used as vibration dampers. To produce and form concrete parts, the empty concrete mold is placed on the vibrating table and clamped together with the vibrating table. For example, quick-release clamps are used for this. Monier iron is inserted and locked at the correct height. Now the raw concrete is filled into the mold. To quickly, i.e. To be able to remove the formwork before setting, this is called fresh form removal, so-called earth-moist concrete is preferred.

A vibration generator transfers vibrations to the vibrating table and the concrete mold, the concrete mold is vibrated. This shaking process takes place with a lot of noise at a noise level in the order of about 115 dB. Such noise levels are not permitted in closed workrooms. Nevertheless, work is carried out under these working conditions because no working method with a lower noise level is known.

It is an object of the invention to provide an inexpensive form for the production of composite stones and also to provide a vibrating machine which has a significantly lower noise level and lower vibration measurement of the environment while maintaining or increasing output.

The object is achieved according to the invention with a method as described in claim 1 and with a vibrating machine as described in claim 2. In particular, the means for coupling consists of a vacuum coupling, which pulls the vibrating table and the concrete mold against one another during the vibrating process by means of a vacuum. It was found that the compacting capacity of the concrete in the concrete mold can easily be increased considerably with the vibrating table according to the invention without requiring more energy than before and without significantly increasing the noise level.

The vacuum coupling (vacuum holder) preferably consists of the vibrating table, the underside of the concrete mold, a cavity between the vibrating table and the underside of the concrete mold and a vacuum seal surrounding the cavity.

The vacuum-tight contraction of the vibrating table and the concrete form significantly reduces the noise level to the permissible values of around 85dB. The principle is based on the fact that the base of the concrete mold and the vibrating table do not constantly stand out from one another and collapse again when vibrating, which is the case with the known constructions. The vacuum coupling connects the parts to each other much more firmly and therefore prevents lifting and beating again (so-called impact impacts). The strong reduction in the noise level is so great because the 115 dB mentioned at the outset do not arise at all, since due to the positive connection there is no air gap and therefore no collision or impact of the parts.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the vibrating table is provided with a vacuum seal provided on the support side of the concrete mold and a suction line, which is led from a vacuum pump device to the support side. In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the vacuum seal is inserted into a groove made in the support side and protrudes from the support side with a sealing lip. In addition, it is provided that the vacuum seal extends along the edge of the bearing surface. Such a seal design meets all the requirements for a tight seal connection between the vibrating table and the concrete form.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the vibrating table is supported on the machine frame by means of rubber-elastic, flexible air springs. The material of these rubber-elastic air springs does not have to be rubber. It just has to have about the elastic properties of the rubber. Using the air springs, the noise level is reduced again by about 5 dB.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the vibrating table is supported by means of several geometrically suitably arranged air bellows.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the vibration generator is arranged on the underside of the vibrating table. In a further embodiment of the invention, it can be an electric motor with unbalance. However, it is also possible to generate the vibrations pneumatically, hydraulically, electromagnetically or by means of internal combustion engines.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a side view of a vibrating or vibrating machine with a

Vacuum connection which leads to the support side of a vibrating table and air springs which carry the vibrating table;

2 shows the vibrating or vibrating machine in a top view, the vibrating table being shown partially broken away to show the arrangement of a

To make part of the air springs and the vibration generator clear;

3 shows an enlarged partial section through the vibrating table, wherein the vacuum seal and the vacuum connection can be seen;

4 shows a top view of a multi-part concrete mold;

5 shows a cross section through a concrete mold.

6 shows a cross section through a natural composite stone;

7 shows a cross section through an alternative embodiment of the vibrating table; 8 is an illustration of a vibration generator;

9 shows a representation of an alternative eccentric drive for the vibration generator;

10 shows a representation of an alternative eccentric drive for the vibration generator.

11 shows an alternative embodiment to FIG. 8 of a vibration generator according to the invention;

Fig. 12 is a soil compaction device with an inventive

Vibrator;

13 shows a top view of a soil compaction device with a vibration generator according to the invention;

14 a - g show a board finisher with a vibration generator according to the invention.

1 and 2 a side view of a vibrating or vibrating machine for shaking and compacting raw concrete filled in concrete molds for molded concrete parts, in particular earth-moist raw concrete. The vibrating machine is also equally suitable for all materials that can be compacted by vibrating. The vibrating machine has a machine base frame 1 arranged on a foundation (not shown). On this base frame 1 there is a vibrating table base plate 2 on which three air springs 3, which are arranged approximately in a triangle, are supported. However, the number of air springs and their arrangement is arbitrary and is made in a geometrically suitable manner. It is adapted to the form to be worn in statistical conditions. The air springs 3 can be guided vertically for lateral support in guide cylinders, not shown. The air springs consist of rubber-elastic, height-adjustable air bellows that are inflatable. The air bellows are made of a rubber-like material interspersed with fabric, but can also consist of other suitable materials. A vibrating table 4, which is designed as a vacuum clamping plate, is carried by the air springs 3. The size and the geometry of the vibrating table, as will be explained later, depends on the conditions of the shape 16 to be put on. This shape can also be round or angular, for example. On the underside 5 of the vibrating table 4 there is an oscillation generator 6. This oscillation generator 6 can consist of a motor with an unbalance. However, it is also possible to design the vibration generator to be pneumatic, hydraulic, electromagnetic or with an internal combustion engine. A vacuum line 7 is guided to the top of the vibrating table 4. This vacuum line 7 runs from a vacuum generator 8 to the vibrating table 4 and in the vibrating table 4 through an opening 9 to the upper support side 10 thereof.

As shown in FIG. 3, the vibrating table 4 is provided with a groove 11 which is buried in it from the support side 10. The groove extends at a certain distance from the edge 12 of the vibrating plate 4 along the edge 12. A vacuum seal 13 with a sealing foot 14 is inserted into this groove 11. A sealing lip 15 adjoining the sealing foot 14 rises above the upper side of the contact surface 10.

An empty concrete mold 16 with its underside 19 is placed on the vibrating table 4 for producing and shaping concrete parts. The air is then sucked out of the cavity 17 remaining above the contact surface 10. As a result, a non-positive connection between the concrete mold 16 and the vibrating table 4 is established in a very short time.

Now fresh concrete, preferably earth-moist concrete, is poured into the concrete mold. The air springs 3 are inflated. The vibrating table 4 and the concrete mold 16 rise. By putting the vibration generator 6 into operation, the concrete form 16 is vibrated, which leads to a compression of the concrete. The concrete can of course also be liquid fresh concrete. The compression effect is the same. The only advantage of the earth-moist concrete is that it can be removed immediately after compacting, whereas in the case of more liquid concrete you have to wait a day to set.

Supporting documents 18 are inserted in the support surface 10 of the vibrating table 4. Only one machine unit is shown in the drawing. However, it can be seen from the break-off edges on the right-hand side of FIGS. 1 and 2 that further machine units can also be connected. This would be the case if the concrete shapes 16 are very large and further supports are recommended.

The particular advantage of this structure is the significant reduction in the noise level. When using the vacuum coupling, the noise level drops from approx. 115 dB to approx. 85 dB. The air springs bring a further reduction to approx. 80 dB.

The vibrating machine according to the invention is also particularly suitable for not only forming concrete blocks or concrete blocks, but also for producing so-called composite blocks 21. Such composite blocks - see FIG. 6 - are in particular those in which a top plate 22 is formed from a natural stone or other stoneware, and this top plate is supported by a concrete core 24, the concrete core (for example 4 to 8 cm) being clear is thicker than the thickness (e.g. 0.5 to 3 cm) of the top plate. The top plate and the concrete core are made of a composite mass, e.g., a layer 29 (e.g. 0.1 to 0.8 cm). bonded an adhesive together.

With the vibrating table according to the invention, composite stones can be produced within a very short time. For this purpose, the top plate is first placed in the concrete mold (with the top of the plate facing down) and then the composite material, i.e. the adhesive, is applied to the back of the plate (or the adhesive is applied before the plate is inserted into the concrete mold). Then the concrete form is filled with raw concrete and with the vibrating process of the vibrating machine according to the invention it is then possible to ensure a high-density compaction of the concrete, so that after the compaction, which can take a few seconds (2 to 20 seconds) or minutes a prefabricated concrete block is produced, which can be further processed after being released from the mold. The compaction can be so high that it is only necessary to set the concrete for further processing, otherwise the composite stone is largely completed. Thus, it is much faster than previously possible to produce composite blocks, although with previous manufacturing processes the compacting performance of the vibrating tables is usually not sufficient to ensure sufficient compaction, but either the setting of the concrete has to be waited for before the prefabricated composite block is removed from the concrete mold can - but this can often take several hours - or another way of increasing the compaction of the concrete.

Another advantage of the device according to the invention is that, with the drive power remaining the same, a considerably higher compression performance is achieved than devices known from the prior art. This is also accompanied by a lower energy consumption of the device according to the invention if only a relatively low compression performance is required.

In Fig. 4 the concrete form is shown from above. It can be seen here that the concrete form 16 consists of eight receptacles 20 lying next to one another, each of which can be filled with concrete. The number and the form of the recording is variable.

Due to the high compaction of the earth-moist concrete, the natural stone / concrete composite stone is sufficiently firm after compaction, but before the concrete has set, and can also set outside of the form, so that the form immediately after compaction of the concrete the further prefabrication of further natural stone / concrete composite blocks can be used.

A one-component or two-component adhesive can be used as an adhesive between the stone slab and the concrete. An adhesive of the type used by Renosa GmbH under the name "Q-Bond" is also particularly suitable.

5a and b show a further embodiment of the concrete mold 16 in cross section. In this, the concrete form has a bottom 25 and side walls 26. A passage 27 is formed in the bottom. A concrete form of this structure is particularly suitable for the production of natural stone / concrete composite stones. In addition to the passage 27, the shape has an annular (vacuum) seal 28 in the bottom area and a circumferential seal 29 in the wall area. get rich. If a stone slab 22 is placed in the mold 16, 20, it can also be pulled to the bottom 25 of the concrete mold 16 by means of the vacuum, by means of which the concrete mold is already drawn into the vibrating table (FIG. 2, FIG. 3) be held. This ensures in any case that the plate lies absolutely firmly in the concrete mold 16 on the floor 25 of the concrete mold during the vibrating process.

Due to the circumferential wall seal 29, which is preferably designed as a pressure seal, the edge region of the plate can also be sealed in such a way that no adhesive and no concrete passes the edge of the plate onto the top of the plate (the top of the plate lies on the top of the plate Concrete mold floor) can reach.

So that the prefabricated natural stone / concrete composite stone can be detached from the concrete mold, the pressure in the circumferential wall seal is first reduced (e.g. also vacuum), the seal thus goes back into the wall 26 and then can The prevailing vacuum there is released via the passage 27 and a pressure, preferably air pressure or excess pressure, is built up, so that the entire composite block can be pushed out of the mold in a controlled manner.

The ring-shaped seal 28 in the bottom of the concrete mold ensures that a vacuum can form to hold the plate between the plate and the bottom of the concrete mold.

If a concrete mold as shown in FIG. 5 is used for the production of a composite concrete block, this can be done with the following steps, the order still being interchangeable:

a) inserting the slab into the concrete mold; b) pressurizing the opening opposite the face of the plate with a pressure which is significantly lower than the air pressure (preferably vacuum); c) pressurizing the pressure line on the elastic seal that surrounds the plate edge; d) if the compound has not yet been applied to the back of the stone slab, apply the compound to the back of the stone slab; e) filling the concrete form with raw concrete, preferably earth-moist raw concrete; f) swiveling the concrete mold in the horizontal direction and / or compacting the raw concrete by vertical up and down movement of the concrete mold; g) rotating the concrete mold in such a way that the top goes down and the bottom goes up; h) reduction of the overpressure on the pressure line and the seal which surrounds the plate edge, the reduction being carried out to a vacuum, possibly a vacuum;

i) relieving the negative pressure in the opening opposite the plate; j) Possibly apply pressure to the end face opposite the slab so that the prefabricated stone composite is released from the concrete mold.

In the figures shown, a device for pivoting the concrete mold by 180 ° so that the top comes down and the bottom comes up is not shown. However, it is obvious that such a swiveling device can be designed in a simple form, and then, under certain circumstances, part of the vibrator is pivoted with.

It is also possible to first release the vacuum to release the prefabricated composite form from the concrete form and then to grasp the entire concrete form with a gripper (not shown) in order to then pivot the concrete form accordingly so that the top and the bottom of the Concrete form reaches the top. The pressure in the seal 29 can be maintained, so that the prefabricated composite block is held in the concrete mold during the pivoting process. After the swiveling process, the pressure can then be reduced and air would then be pressed into the area between the top plate 22 and the bottom of the concrete mold by appropriately loading the pressure passage 27 (with compressed air), so that the concrete mold automatically moves upwards takes off and can then be prepared for the next use. It is also entirely possible to arrange a valve that allows passage on one side within the passage 27 of the concrete mold, so that only when pressure is applied in the passage 27 (from below) can air enter the interior of the concrete mold, so that the molded body compressed there pushes out of the concrete mold becomes. If, on the other hand, there is a vacuum inside the passage, the valve closes. If such a valve is designed, the concrete mold described can also be used for the production of normal concrete blocks which do not have a plate made of natural stone as the top plate. The seal 28 on the bottom of the concrete form is then not necessary for the production of such concrete blocks, the seal 29 in the side wall of the concrete form in a modified form being entirely useful if the entire compacted concrete core is to be kept in the concrete form for the pivoting process.

7 shows an extension of the vibrating device according to the invention. Here, an eccentric device is formed on the back of the vibrating table 4, which serves to move the vibrating table not vertically, like the vibrating device, but rather approximately perpendicularly to it (horizontally). This pivoting device (shaker) consists of a drive which is connected via a first shaft to an eccentrically arranged bearing block (eccentric body). This bearing block is mounted within a cylinder, so that when the drive (rotary drive) is operating, the entire bearing block moves on a predetermined path (back, forth, circular or oval path) and the entire table in its table back and forth emotional. If the eccentric drive is not in operation, the bearing block lies within the cylinder so that the cylinder can move up and down unimpeded from the eccentric bearing block.

As also shown in the drawing, the eccentric drive is connected via a toothed belt (any other power transmission would be conceivable) to a bearing housing that receives a shaft, at the end of which a bearing block (eccentric block) is eccentrically received, which is also located in a cylinder. The design shown ensures that the eccentric drive engages not only at one but at two points on the vibrating table. The eccentric drive and the bearing housing are attached to a rail. If a concrete form is arranged on the vibrating table and this is already pulled against the vibrating table by vacuum, not only the table but also the concrete form is swung back and forth when the eccentric drive is operating. This leads to the fact that the concrete mass in the concrete form is distributed evenly by swiveling within the concrete form, so that following the swiveling, the compaction process can be initiated, which then leads to compaction of the raw concrete and thus to constant compaction within the concrete form can.

In order to keep the friction between the eccentric block and the receiving cylinder for the eccentric block on the back of the vibrating table as low as possible, it is obvious that the eccentric block should lie within the cylinder as contactlessly as possible. Of course, it is possible that appropriate lubricants are formed between the eccentric bearing block and the comprehensive cylinder. By means of the rail 6, the eccentric drive is moved in order to pivot the vibrating table (see arrows) in such a way that the eccentric drive can then immediately effect the pivoting. After swiveling, the drive is reset by means of the rail so that the eccentric lies within the cylinder without contact.

8 shows an embodiment of an oscillation generator according to the invention. Up to now, such a vibration generator has often been a motor which is imbalanced. The vibration generator shown in FIG. 8 essentially consists of a block 40 with a cavity 41. The cavity 41 is divided into two spaces 43 and 44 by an oscillatable partition or plate 42. A further mass can be applied to the vibratable plate.

The two cavities are also called pressure spaces below. The first cavity 43 is connected to a pump volume 47 via a line 46, while the second cavity 44 is connected to a second pump volume 49 via a line 48. The two pump volumes form the part of a pump 50, by means of which a pressure medium, e.g. B. oil, is pressed into the cavities 43, 44, and when pressure is pressed into one chamber (space), the corresponding pressure medium is simultaneously extracted from the other chamber (space). is pressed (suctioned). The inflow of the pressure medium into one chamber and the outflow of the pressure medium from the other chamber automatically causes the oscillatable plate 42 to swing up and down and the oscillating mass attached to it, so that this automatically leads to an up and down movement of the entire oscillating block 41.

As shown, the pump consists of a first and a second pump volume 47, 49, each of which is controlled by a flexible pump plate 51, 52. Rods 53, 54 or cams are each attached to the pump plate, which in turn are connected to a crankshaft or an eccentric 55, so that when the eccentric or the crankshaft is rotated, the second is reduced when the first pump volume is reduced is enlarged accordingly and vice versa.

It is also particularly advantageous to connect the two pump volumes to one another via a bypass line 56, a control valve 57 being connected to the bypass line. If the control valve 57 is switched to passage, this means at the same time that the vibration drive, ie the vibrating table, is switched off, the entire volume exchange taking place between the two pump volumes. If the control valve is in the blocking position, the vibrator drive is switched on at the same time. The aforementioned solution has the particular advantage that the crankshaft or eccentric drive can thus be in constant rotation and does not have to be started up for the start-up of the vibrating table, but rather that only the valve 57 for starting the vibrating table must be brought into the closed position got to.

If the valve shown in FIG. 8 is designed as a throttle (or throttle valve), the stroke amplitude of the diaphragm 42 (and the mass attached to it) can also be set by adjusting this throttle valve with a small opening. It is also advisable to design the valve so that between the "open" and "closed" states, various intermediate states can preferably be assumed to be infinitely variable, in order to enable the vibration device to be started up as quickly as possible, but still "smoothly". The eccentric 55 shown in FIG. 8 can be driven by an electric motor, which is preferably also equipped with a flywheel (flywheel mass), so that when starting, at least some of the energy stored in the flywheel can be converted directly into pump energy. This avoids an excessive initial load on the electric motor. The flywheel is preferably (although not shown) attached to the shaft that also drives the eccentric 55.

The vibration device shown in FIG. 8 also has the particular advantage that practically no dynamic seals have to be used. Both the seals that are required for the pump volumes 49 and 47 and for the sealing of the membrane 42 to the block 40 are only static in nature. Static seals of this type have considerable advantages over dynamic seals (dynamic seals are used, for example, in cylinder heads (sealing of pistons and cylinders)).

The air suspension 10 shown in FIG. 8 can also be replaced by other spring elements. With air suspension it also makes sense that the spring constant is set to a desired value by setting the air pressure within the air spring. This is particularly useful when different weights are stored on the vibrating table and an adjusted spring constant can thus be ensured by adjusting the air pressure in the air spring 10. The adjustment of the air pressure of the air spring 10 can be adjusted manually as well as automatically.

In the illustration according to FIG. 8, the counter mass 45 is received by a plate 42, the plate itself also representing the partition between the upper and lower cavities. It is also possible that a first membrane lies above the counter mass and a lower membrane below the counter mass, so that the counter mass swings back and forth within the space between the membranes, so that the pump ensures that the membranes are pressurized accordingly , Since the absolute strokes of the counter mass are in any case very small, for example in the range from 2 mm to 10 mm, preferably 5 mm, this is also only a very slight load for the membrane, which then, like the membranes of the pumps, is not exposed to any dynamic load are. The membranes above and below the counter mass are then correspondingly embedded in the surrounding housing and can be replaced by simple measures if necessary. Conventional membrane materials can be used for the membranes; the thickness of the membranes can be in the range from 1 mm to 3 mm or more or less. The membrane material used is preferably one which is sufficiently elastic.

It is obvious that the above-described design of the vibration generator, the pivoting device and its elements for the vibrating table can also be used in an outstanding manner with any other vibrating table, without this design of the vibration generator being related to the described embodiment for the production of natural stone. / Concrete composite blocks would be limited.

To decouple vibrations, the vibrating table is air-suspended and applied to a mass as shown in the drawing.

The vibration of the vibratable plate is predetermined by the speed of the eccentric, the vibration (vibration) of the vibration table being essentially determined by the inertia of the vibration plate from the speed of the moving vibration plate or its reversal of direction and the resulting recoil.

Alternative designs for the eccentric drive are shown in the further FIGS. 9 and 10.

In the present application, the compaction of compressible materials such as concrete was described in particular. However, it should be expressly pointed out that this use is only given as an example and that any other compression of other compressible materials, e.g. medication, food, sand, cement, chemical materials, sintered materials and all materials consisting of granular particles, the grain size in significantly in the range of a few nanometers, micrometers or millimeters up to 1 centimeter. The use of the devices according to the invention for compacting concrete is therefore only an advantageous and preferred variant. The use of the device according to the invention for sealing all other compressible materials is also possible and can also be carried out advantageously.

FIG. 11 describes a further alternative embodiment of the vibration generator shown in FIG. 8. Here, the entire bypass line is replaced by a so-called dead space (harmful space) 112, which is connected to the pump volumes 47 to 49 via a membrane. This so-called dead space has a z. B. a piston having actuator 110A or 11 OB adjustable volume. If the volume is zero, the membrane 111 cannot recede and the dead space thus represents a correspondingly large resistance, so that the mass 45 or the plate 42 moves up and down accordingly. If, on the other hand, there is a real positive volume in the cavity - see position of the actuator 11 OB - the diaphragm recedes accordingly into the cavity, so that the cavity represents a correspondingly low mechanical resistance and the pressure medium then does not get into the pressure chamber 41 but into the dead space, so that a function similar to that with an open bypass valve is then achieved.

In FIG. 11, vibration drives 100 are also connected to the pump volumes, by means of which a high-frequency, eg. b. more than 100 Hz exposure to the pumping volume is possible, this high-frequency oscillation being the normal oscillation, e.g. B. 30 Hz, which is generated by the eccentric, superimposed. In this way, special compaction properties can be achieved in special applications.

With the embodiment of the vibration generator according to the invention, as shown in FIGS. 8, 11 or the like, astonishingly high impact forces can be achieved which cannot be achieved economically with other vibration generators. For example, it is possible to achieve an impact force of 1000 kN (or more) with a total area of one square meter of the vibrating table (the block 40) at a frequency of 30 Hz and an internal amplitude of the counter mass of the vibration amplitude of 5 mm. The counter mass experiences 45 accelerations of up to 18 m / sec ² (or more) and if the counter mass weighs approximately 300 kg and the pressure pulse is approximately up to 12 bar, the operated impact forces can be achieved. Further independent applications for the device according to the invention are also shown below.

For example, FIG. 12 shows a soil compaction machine with a machine frame on a caterpillar drive, for example, which moves to the right (arrow) in the image. Such a machine can be used to prepare the substructure of a road of a track bed or the like. First of all, the street bed is packed and filled with bulk material, e.g. B. sand, filled up again, which is then mixed to produce a harmonious mixture by a material mixer. A first pre-leveling is achieved by means of a metering wall (FIG. 12), a second leveling by means of a leveling board, the height of the metering wall and the leveling board being adjustable. In the direction of travel behind the leveling screed, the compaction unit according to the invention is fitted with the vibration generator, by means of which the bulk material is compacted to a considerable extent, so that it then has an upper side level on which the machine (large-area paver) runs. Due to the large compaction performance, the bulk material is compacted considerably better and more solidly than with previous devices, e.g. B. Rolling and the like. The compression unit shown corresponds to the structure of the unit as it is shown in Figure 1, 8 or 11. In the direction of travel, however, the upper plate is pulled downwards in order to ensure compaction on the one hand while the large area paver is simultaneously propelled. The compression unit is fastened to the equipment carrier via corresponding air springs, as already mentioned and shown.

FIG. 13 shows the large-area paver for aerofoils in the substructure according to FIG. 12 from above, and it can also be seen here that by means of protruding coulters, the side space to the left and right of the random substructure is simultaneously filled with the material, so that the compression immediately follows the further construction of the road surface or the track bed takes place.

The device according to the invention can also be used to remove ruts on a road. For this purpose, for example, the road surface is first heated

(e.g. in a thermal tunnel) and in the aftermath by means of the compression unit shown in FIG. 1, 8 or 11, for example as in a machine is attached according to Figure 12, the entire road surface newly compacted and brought to a uniform level. For this purpose, the machine used in FIG. 12 can also be used with certain changes (without material mixer, without metering wall, without leveling screed), so that the road surface is compacted only by the compacting unit and to a uniform level.

14 a - g shows the use of the compaction unit according to the invention in a board paver, with two of the compaction units shown in FIGS. 1, 8 or 11 being used opposite each other, which take the material to be compacted between them and thereby vibrate in opposite directions, i.e., themselves always moving towards each other in order to generate maximum impact forces in the compaction material. In the solution shown, this is quite simple if the first / second cavity of the lower / upper compression unit and the second / first cavity of the upper / lower compression unit are connected to the same pump, so that the plates of the compressors face each other or one another move away.

In the illustrated principle of the board maker, the product to be compacted is first placed on the lower compacting unit (FIG. 14a, FIG. 14b), then the upper compacting unit moves downward (FIG. 14c) until it reaches a predetermined position and is then fixed accordingly , The bypass valve can then be closed, for example, so that compression begins (FIG. 14d, FIG. 14e). The upper compression unit then moves upwards (FIG. 14f) and the compression product is released (FIG. 14g).

Claims

Expectations

1. A method for producing a composite stone, consisting of a first slab, consisting of a natural stone or a stone material similar to natural stone, the slab being connected to a concrete core and the slab of the stone composite being first placed in a concrete mold for the manufacture and then a composite material is then applied to the plate and then raw concrete, preferably earth-moist raw concrete, is applied and the raw concrete is compacted on it in a vibrating machine, the vibrating machine consisting of a machine base frame, a vibration generator, a vibrating table that can be vibrated by the vibration generator which the concrete form for the composite stone is settable, and means are provided which couple the concrete form and the vibrating table to reduce noise, the means for coupling consisting of a vacuum coupling which the vibrating table and the concrete form during the Vibration pulls against each other by means of a vacuum.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibrating machine has means for horizontally pivoting the concrete form and that before the compaction of the raw concrete, the concrete form is pivoted back and forth several times in the horizontal direction.

3. Process for the production of a composite stone, consisting of a stone slab with a composite mass applied to the back of the slab and a concrete mass applied to the composite mass, preferably made of earth-moist raw concrete, whereby the slab is first placed in a concrete mold and then the raw concrete mass is then poured into the mold and then the raw concrete is compacted by means of a vibrating machine which receives the concrete mold, the concrete mold coming into contact with the top of the stone slab and the first sealing means on the top of the plate and second sealing means has, which surround the plate within the mold at the edge of the plate, whereby the plate is held at the bottom of the concrete mold by a negative pressure formed in the opening.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the seal adjacent to the plate circumference or plate edge lies at least partially in the wall of the concrete form and this seal is an elastic seal which is pressed onto the seal by applying a pressure medium to the plate edge and that the seal is released from the edge of the slab when the prefabricated composite stone is released, while, if necessary, the opening of the concrete mold resting on the end face of the slab is pressurized.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that at least the following steps are carried out for the production of the composite stone, the sequence of some steps being interchangeable: a) inserting the slab into the concrete mold; b) pressurizing the opening opposite the face of the plate with a pressure which is significantly lower than the air pressure (preferably vacuum); c) pressurization of the pressure line on the elastic seal that surrounds the edge of the plate; d) if the compound has not yet been applied to the back of the stone slab, apply the compound to the back of the stone slab; e) filling the concrete form with raw concrete, preferably earth-moist raw concrete; f) swiveling the concrete mold in the horizontal direction and / or compacting the raw concrete by vertical up and down movement of the concrete mold; g) rotating the concrete mold in such a way that the top goes down and the bottom goes up; h) reduction of the overpressure on the pressure line and the seal which surrounds the plate edge, the reduction being carried out to a vacuum, possibly a vacuum; i) relieving the negative pressure in the opening opposite the plate; j) Possibly applying pressure to the end face opposite the slab so that the prefabricated stone composite is released from the concrete mold.

6. Apparatus for shaking and compacting compactible materials, in particular raw concrete filled in concrete molds for molded concrete parts, preferably earth-moist raw concrete, the vibrating machine consisting of a machine base frame, a vibration generator, a vibrating table which can be set in motion by the vibration generator and onto which the concrete mold for the shaped concrete parts can be placed, means being provided which couple the concrete form and the vibrating table to reduce noise, characterized in that the means for coupling consists of a vacuum coupling which non-positively pulls the vibrating table and the concrete form against one another during the vibrating process by means of a vacuum and wherein the concrete mold is designed to receive a slab of natural stone.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the vacuum coupling from the vibrating table, the underside (19) of the concrete mold (16), a cavity (17) between the vibrating table and the underside of the concrete mold (16) and a cavity enclosing vacuum seal (15).

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibrating table (4) is provided with a vacuum seal (15) and a suction line (7) provided on the support side (10) for the concrete mold (16), which is led from a vacuum pump device (8) to the support side (10).

9. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vacuum seal (15) in a, in the support side (10) inserted groove 811) is inserted and protrudes with a sealing lip (15) from the support side (10).

10. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vacuum seal (15) extends in the bearing surface (10) along the edge (12) thereof.

11. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibrating table (4) is supported on the machine frame (1) by means of rubber-elastic, flexible air springs (3).

12. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibrating table (4) is supported by means of a plurality of geometrically suitably arranged air springs (3).

13. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibrating table (4) by means of three, approximately arranged in a triangle air springs (3) is supported.

14. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibration generator (6) on the underside (5) of the vibrating table (4) is arranged.

15 Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibration generator (6) is an electric motor with an imbalance.

16. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibration generator (6) generates the vibrations pneumatically, hydraulically or by internal combustion engine.

17. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibration generator (6) generates the vibrations electromagnetically.

18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete mold in the floor has a continuous opening which is connected to the vacuum between the concrete mold and the vibrating table.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the concrete form in the floor has sealing means which face the interior of the concrete form.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the concrete form has a bottom region and substantially vertical side walls and that in the lower part of the side walls a circumferential groove is provided which receives an elastic seal and which is connected to a pressure line.

21. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an annular groove is formed for receiving sealing means in the bottom region of the concrete mold, which receives a seal made of preferably elastic material, the continuous opening in the bottom of the concrete mold being bordered by the annular groove ,

22. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device has means for pivoting the vibrating table and the concrete mold placed thereon in a direction which is substantially vertical, for moving the vibrating table when the concrete is compacted, an eccentric drive being provided , which engages in at least one place, preferably two places, on the back of the vibrating table, the eccentric device consisting of an eccentric drive and an eccentric connected to it, which is arranged within a cylinder which is attached to the back of the vibrating table.

23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that when the vibrating table is moved during compression, the eccentric body lies within the cylinder in such a way that it does not touch its inner wall.

24. The device, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibration generator is formed by a vibration block which has a first and a second pressure chamber, both pressure chambers by means of a device (5) with a mass. are separated and wherein there is a pressure medium in the pressure chambers, which can be brought into the pressure chambers by a pump device such that when the first chamber is filled with pressure medium, the pressure medium is pressed out or sucked out of the second chamber to the same extent and vice versa, so that the oscillating mass is set in vibration by the constant pressure medium current change in both chambers, which leads to the vibration of the vibrating table.

25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the vibration frequency is controlled by the pump control.

26. Device according to claims 24 and 25, characterized in that the pump for acting on the overpressure or underpressure of the two pressure chambers consists of two pump chambers, each pump chamber having a flexible pump plate or membrane, the plate or membrane communicates with a rod or a cam (2) and the rod or cams of the pump plates have an opposite control, so that when pressure is exerted on the pressure medium with the first plate, simultaneously on the pressure medium that the opposite second pump line, a negative pressure is applied and vice versa.

27. The device according to claim 26, characterized in that the first pump chamber and the second pump chamber are connected to one another by a line, within which a closure valve is arranged, which prevents an exchange of pressure medium between the two pump volumes when closed, but upon opening allows.

28. Use of a device according to one of claims 24 to 27 for a soil compacting device, material compacting device, a board paver or the like.