WO2004009017A2 - Modulateurs de recepteurs de glucocorticoides et procede associe - Google Patents

Modulateurs de recepteurs de glucocorticoides et procede associe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004009017A2
WO2004009017A2 PCT/US2003/022300 US0322300W WO2004009017A2 WO 2004009017 A2 WO2004009017 A2 WO 2004009017A2 US 0322300 W US0322300 W US 0322300W WO 2004009017 A2 WO2004009017 A2 WO 2004009017A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alkyl
hydrogen
aryl
heteroaryl
cycloheteroalkyl
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/022300
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English (en)
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WO2004009017A3 (fr
Inventor
Wayne Vaccaro
Bingwei Vera Yang
Soong-Hoon Kim
Tram Huynh
David R. Tortolani
Kenneth J. Leavitt
Wenying Li
Arthur M. Doweyko
Xiao-Tao Chen
Lidia Doweyko
Original Assignee
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
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Publication date
Application filed by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company filed Critical Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Priority to JP2004523482A priority Critical patent/JP2006508042A/ja
Priority to EP03765638A priority patent/EP1534273A4/fr
Priority to AU2003251970A priority patent/AU2003251970A1/en
Publication of WO2004009017A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004009017A2/fr
Publication of WO2004009017A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004009017A3/fr
Priority to NO20050074A priority patent/NO20050074L/no
Priority to IS7645A priority patent/IS7645A/is

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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to new non-steroidal compounds which are glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulators (that is agonists and antagonists) and thus are useful in treating diseases requiring glucocorticoid receptor agonist or antagonist therapy such as obesity, diabetes and inflammatory or immune associated diseases, and to a method for using such compounds to treat these and related diseases.
  • GR glucocorticoid receptor
  • NHR nuclear hormone receptor
  • the nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) family of transcription factors bind low molecular weight ligands and either stimulate or repress transcription (The Nuclear Receptor Facts Book, V. Laudet and H. Gronemeyer, Academic Press, p345, 2002).
  • NHRs stimulate transcription by binding to DNA and inducing transcription of specific genes.
  • NHRs may also stimulate transcription by not binding to DNA itself, rather they may modulate the activity of other DNA binding proteins (Stocklin, E., et al., Nature (1996) 383:726-8).
  • the process of stimulation of transcription is called transactivation.
  • NHRs repress transcription by interacting with other transcription factors or coactivators and inhibiting the ability of these other transcription factors or coactivators from inducing transcription of specific genes.
  • the glucocorticoid receptor is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family of transcription factors, and a member of the steroid hormone family of transcription factors. Affinity labeling of the glucocorticoid receptor protein allowed the production of antibodies against the receptor which facilitated cloning the human (Weinberger, et al. Science 228, p640-742, 1985, Weinberger, et al. Nature, 318, p670-672, 1986) and rat (Miesfeld, R.
  • Glucocorticoids which interact with GR have been used for over 50 years to treat inflammatory diseases. It has been clearly shown that glucocorticoids exert their anti-inflammatory activity via the inhibition by GR of the transcription factors NF- kappaB and AP-1. This inhibition is termed transrepression. It has been shown that the primary mechanism for inhibition of these transcription factors by GR is via a direct physical interaction. This interaction alters the transcription factor complex and inhibits the ability of NF-kappaB and AP-1 to stimulate transcription (Jonat, C, et al. Cell, 62, pll89, 1990, Yang-Yen, H.F., et al.
  • NF-kappaB and AP-1 play key roles in the initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory and immunological disorders (Baldwin, AS, Journal of Clin. Investigation 107, p3, 2001, Firestein, G.S., and Manning, A.M.
  • NF- kappaB and AP-1 are involved in regulating the expression of a number of important inflammatory and immunomodulatory genes including: TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-2, IL-5, adhesion molecules (such as E-selectin), chemokines (such as Eoxtaxin and Rantes), Cox-2, and others.
  • TNF-alpha IL-1
  • IL-2 IL-2
  • IL-5 adhesion molecules
  • adhesion molecules such as E-selectin
  • chemokines such as Eoxtaxin and Rantes
  • Cox-2 Cox-2
  • GR can cause GR to induce transcription of certain genes. This induction of transcription is termed transactivation. Transactivation requires dimerization of GR and binding to a glucocorticoid response element (GRE).
  • GRE glucocorticoid response element
  • a modulator of an NHR may be useful in treating NHR-associated diseases, that is diseases associated with the expression products of genes whose transcription is stimulated or repressed by NHRs.
  • NHR-associated diseases that is diseases associated with the expression products of genes whose transcription is stimulated or repressed by NHRs.
  • modulators of NHRs that inhibit AP-1 and NFKB would be useful in the treatment of inflammatory and immune diseases and disorders such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, transplant rejection and graft vs. host disease.
  • glucocorticoids are potent anti- inflammatory agents, their systemic use is limited by side effects.
  • a compound that retained the anti-inflammatory efficacy of glucocorticoids while minimizing the side effects such as diabetes, osteoporosis and glaucoma would be of great benefit to a very large number of patients with inflammatory diseases.
  • Such compounds may be useful in treating metabolic diseases associated with increased levels of glucocorticoid, such as diabetes, osteoporosis and glaucoma.
  • Such compounds may be useful in treating metabolic diseases associated with a deficiency in glucocorticoid. Such diseases include Addison's disease.
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, cycloheteroalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, aminoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, or hydroxyaryl;
  • R a is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, cycloheteroalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyl, cyano, halogen, heteroarylaminocarbonyl, cycloheteroalkylcarbonyl, cyanoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyaryl, aryloxyalkyl, nitro, amino, CHO, CO 2 alkyl, CONR e R f , CH 2 NR ⁇ R h , CO 2 H, CH 2 OH, CH 2 NHR , NHCH 2 R S , NHCHR g R h , NHCOR e , NHCONR e R f or NHSO 2 R e ;
  • R b is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, cycloheteroalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyl, cyano, halogen, heteroarylaminocarbonyl, cycloheteroalkylcarbonyl, cyanoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, amino, CHO, CO 2 alkyl, hydroxyaryl, aryloxyalkyl, CONR'R , CH 2 NR R 1 , CO 2 H, CH 2 OH, CH 2 NHR k , NHCH 2 R k , NHCHR k R !
  • R e and R are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, amino, alkoxyalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, heteroaryl, cycloheteroalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl, and R e and R f can be taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl ring or cycloheteroalkyl ring which contains 1, 2 or 3 hetero atoms which can be N, O or S;
  • R g and R h are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, amino, alkoxyalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, heteroaryl, cycloheteroalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl, and R s and R h can be taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl ring or cycloheteroalkyl ring which contains 1, 2 or 3 hetero atoms which can be N, O or S; R 1 and R J are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, amino, alkoxyalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoal
  • R k and R 1 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, amino, alkoxyalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, heteroaryl, cycloheteroalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl, and R k and R 1 can be taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl ring or cycloheteroalkyl ring which contains 1, 2 or 3 hetero atoms which can be N, O or S; R c and R d are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, hydroxy, aryloxy, heteroaryl, cycloheteroalkyl, heteroary
  • R c and R d can be taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a 3- to 7-membered ring which may include an O or N atom in the ring;
  • Z is CONR J R 2 or CH 2 NR 1 R 2 wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, cycloalkenyl, mono- or di-alkylaminoalkyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyl, hydroxyaryl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or hydroxyalkyl;
  • the A ring represents a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 6- membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; and the B ring represents a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 6- member
  • R 1 and R 2 are heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl or cycloheteroalkylalkyl, but where the heteroaryl is
  • R 1 and R 2 is other than hydrogen, and/or the A ring and/or the B ring includes a hetero atom;
  • R and R is phenyl which is substituted with alkyl, hydroxy, halo, Ci-C 2 -alkoxycarbonyl or nitro
  • the phenyl must be substituted with at least one other group other than hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxy, halo, C 1? -C2- alkoxycarbonyl or nitro, except that the phenyl may be substituted with two or more halo atoms, and/or two or more hydroxy groups, and/or (b) the other of R and R is other than hydrogen and or (c) the A ring and/or the B ring includes a hetero atom;
  • R 1 and R 2 are phenyl substituted with C1-C 2 alkoxy, the phenyl cannot be substituted with a second -C 2 alkoxy or the other of R and R is other than hydrogen, or
  • R 1 and R 2 is hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylcycloalkenyl, alkylphenyl, monoalkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, alkoxyalkyl or hydroxyalkyl then (a) the other of R and R is other than hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloaklyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylcycloalkenyl, alkylphenyl, monoalkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, alkoxyalkyl or hydroxyalkyl; and/or (b) at least one of R a , R b , R c and/or R is
  • R 1 and R 2 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, alkylphenyl, phenylalkyl, monoalkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaryl which is pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl or imidazolinyl, or cycloheteroalkyl which is 4,5-dihydro-imidazol-2-yl, piperidinyl or piperazinyl, then (a) the other of R and R is other than hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, alkylphenyl, phenyl, alkylphenyl, phenyl, alkylpheny
  • X lf X 2 , X 3 and X are the same or different and are independently selected from CH, CH 2 , CHR 15 , CR 16 , CR 16 R 17 , N, NH, NR 18 , O or S
  • X 5 , X 6 , X 7 and X 8 are the same or different and are independently selected from CH, CH 2 , CHR 19 , CR 20 , CR 20 R 21 , N, NH, NR 22 , O or S
  • R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 and R 22 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and cycloheteroalkyl, wherein each of said A ring and said B ring contains at most two nitrogen ring atoms, at most two oxygen ring atoms and at most one sulfur ring atom.
  • a ring and B ring are each 6-membered rings which are aromatic carbocyclic rings, namely benzo rings, or are heterocyclic rings each of which includes one hetero atom, which is nitrogen, namely pyridyl rings preferably
  • Preferred compounds of formula I of the invention which have glucocorticoid receptor (GR) Dexamethasone (Dex) inhibition activity (>95% at 10 ⁇ M) are set out below:
  • X is 6-CH 3 , 4-CH 3 O, 6-C1 or 6-F.
  • R is H and the other is a thiazole which preferably is substituted with dialkyl, alkyl, alkyl alkyl, aryl such as phenyl or naphthyl (where the aryl may be optionally substituted with halo, alkyl, nitro, hydroxy, alkoxy, dialkoxy, carboxy, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, hydroxyalkylaminocarbonyl, cycloheteroalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylaminocarbonyl, heteroarylaminocarbonyl) , heteroarylthio or heteroaryl such as 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl
  • X 4,5-dimethyl, 5-chloro, 4-methyl, 5-methyl, 4-phenyl, 4-(l-naphthyl), 4-(2- naphthyl), 4-(4-fluoronaphth-l-yl), 4-(4-methylnaphth-l-yl), 4-(3-nitrophenyl), 4-(6- hydroxynaphth-1-yl), 4-[(l,2,4-triazol-5-yl)thio]methyl, 4-benzoic acid, 4-(4- bromonaphth-1-yl), 4-(N-ethyl)benzamide, 4-(N-2-methoxyphenyl)benzamide, 4-(N- deoxyspergualin methyl-N-2-hydroxyethyl)benzamide, 4-(N-(pyrrolidinyl)benzamide, 4-(N-morpholinyl)benzamide,4-(N-phenyl-N-methyl)benzamide, 3-(N- ethyl)benzamide,
  • R and R is H and the other is heteroaryl, preferably thiazol-2-yl.
  • R is CH 3 , R , R b , R c and R d are H, and Z is CONR ! R 2 where one of R 1 and R is H and the other is a heteroaryl, preferably 2-quinolin-l-yl.
  • Preferred compounds of formula I of the invention which have AP-1 inhibitory activity (IC50 ⁇ 15 ⁇ M) are set out below:
  • X is aryl or alkyl, such as 1 -naphthyl, l-[(4-methyl)naphthyl, l-(4-fluoro)naphthyl, 1- (6-methoxynaphthyl), phenyl, t-butyl, or quinolinyl optionally substituted with alkyl such as methyl and/or alkoxy such as methoxy, or isoquinolinyl optionally substituted with alkyl such as methyl and/or alkoxy such as methoxy. 1(b). compounds of the structure
  • X is aryl such as 1 -naphthyl.
  • X is aryl such as 1 -naphthyl.
  • R 2 is H and the other is a heteroaryl, preferably a thiazole substituted with alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkoxy, and where the aryl is phenyl, naphthyl or anthracenyl, which preferably is substituted with halo, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, or hydroxy, such as
  • X is aryl, alkyl, heteroaryl or halo, such as phenyl, t-butyl, 1 -naphthyl, l-(4- fluoro)naphthyl, benzthiophen-3-yl, l-(4-methyl)na ⁇ hthyl, l-(2-methoxy)naphthyl, 1- (6-methoxy)naphthyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 2- chlorophenyl, l-(4-methoxy)naphthyl, l-(4-bromo)naphthyl, l-(4-iodo)naphthyl, 5- anthracenyl, 1-anthracenyl, 4-quinolin-l-yl, 2-quinolin-l-yl, l-(4-cyano)naphth
  • X is aryl, alkoxyaryl, dialkoxyaryl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, halo (alkoxy)- aryl, hydroxy (alkoxy)aryl, trialkoxyaryl, alkyl(alkoxy)aryl, haloaryl, dihaloaryl, heteroarylaryl, alkylthioaryl, alkenylaryl, alkoxyheteroaryl, cyanoaryl, where aryl is phenyl or naphthyl and heteroaryl by itself or part of another group is pyridyl, imidazolyl, azido, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl or thiadiazolyl;
  • X include phenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5- dimethoxyphenyl, 3-pyridyl, 2-(4-pyridyl)ethyl, 2-(4-imidazolyl)ethyl, 3-chloro-4- methoxyphenyl, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 4-methyl-3-methoxyphenyl, 3- methoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,3-dimethoxyphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2- naphthyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 4-azidophenyl, 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 3-ethoxyphenyl, 3-(methylthio)phenyl, 3-
  • R a ,R b ,R c ,R d areH
  • R 2 4-(4-fluoronaphthyl)thiazol-2-yl
  • R .1 and R is heteroaryl, preferably wherein one of R and R is
  • R m is selected from H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, or alkoxy and R° is H or alkyl, and more preferably where one of R 1 and R 2 is
  • R is CH 3 , C 2 H 5 or 2-hydroxyethyl
  • Rb is H, CN, NO 2 , halogen, alkyl or amino
  • Xb is H, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkylaminocarbonyl, alkoxyalkylaminocarbonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, aryl, alkoxyalkylamidocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, heteroarylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonylaryl or heteroaryl; provided that where Xb is H, then R is C 2 H 5 or 2-hydroxymethyl or Rb is CN or NO 2 .
  • Still other preferred compounds of the invention have the structure
  • R is CH 3 , C 2 H 5 or 2-hydroxyethyl
  • Rb is H, CN, NO 2 , halogen, alkyl or amino
  • Xc is aryl, quinolinyl or isoquinolinyl.
  • the present invention provides a method of preventing, inhibiting onset of or treating endocrine disorders, rheumatic disorders, collagen diseases, dermatologic disease, allergic disease, ophthalmic disease, respiratory disease, hematologic disease, gastrointestinal disease, inflammatory disease, autoimmune disease, diabetes, obesity, and neoplastic disease, GR-associated diseases, that is a disease associated with the expression product of a gene whose transcription is stimulated or repressed by GR or a disease associated with GR transactivation, including inflammatory and immune diseases and disorders as described hereinafter, which includes the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I of the invention to a patient in need of treatment.
  • Another aspect of the present involves a method for preventing, inhibiting onset of or treating a disease associated with AP-1 -dependent gene expression, that is a disease associated with the expression of a gene under the regulatory control of AP- 1, such as inflammatory and immune disorders, cancer and tumor disorders, such as solid tumors, lymphomas and leukemia, and fungal infections such as mycosis fungoides.
  • a disease associated with AP-1 -dependent gene expression that is a disease associated with the expression of a gene under the regulatory control of AP- 1, such as inflammatory and immune disorders, cancer and tumor disorders, such as solid tumors, lymphomas and leukemia, and fungal infections such as mycosis fungoides.
  • disease associated with GR transactivation refers to a disease associated with the transcription product of a gene whose transcription is transactivated by a GR.
  • Such diseases include, but are not limited to: osteoporosis, diabetes, glaucoma, muscle loss, facial swelling, personality changes, hypertension, obesity, depression, and AIDS, the condition of wound healing, primary or secondary andrenocortical insufficiency, and Addison's disease.
  • treat in all grammatical forms, as used herein refers to the prevention, reduction, or amelioration, partial or complete alleviation, or cure of a disease, disorder, or condition.
  • glucocorticoid receptor and "GR,” as used herein, refer either to a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family of transcription factors which bind glucocorticoids and either stimulate or repress transcription, or to GR-beta. These terms, as used herein, refer to glucocorticoid receptor from any source, including but not limited to: human glucocorticoid receptor as disclosed in Weinberger, et al. Science 228, ⁇ 640-742, 1985, and in Weinberger, et al. Nature, 318, p670-672, 1986; rat glucocorticoid receptor as disclosed in Miesfeld, R.
  • disease associated with AP-1 -dependent gene expression refers to a disease associated with the expression product of a gene under the regulatory control of AP-1.
  • diseases include, but are not limited to: inflammatory and immune diseases and disorders; cancer and tumor disorders, such as solid tumors, lymphomas and leukemia; and fungal infections such as mycosis fungoides.
  • inflammatory or immune associated diseases or disorders is used herein to encompass any condition, disease, or disorder that has an inflammatory or immune component, including, but not limited to, each of the following conditions: transplant rejection (e.g., kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas (e.g., islet cells), bone marrow, cornea, small bowel, skin allografts, skin homografts (such as employed in burn treatment), heart valve xenografts, serum sickness, and graft vs.
  • transplant rejection e.g., kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas (e.g., islet cells), bone marrow, cornea, small bowel, skin allografts, skin homografts (such as employed in burn treatment), heart valve xenografts, serum sickness, and graft vs.
  • autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Type I and Type II diabetes, juvenile diabetes, obesity, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), pyoderma gangrenum, lupus (systemic lupus erythematosis), myasthenia gravis, psoriasis, dermatitis, dermatomyositis; eczema, seborrhoea, pulmonary inflammation, eye uveitis, hepatitis, Grave's disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis, Behcet's or Sjorgen's syndrome (dry eyes/mouth), pernicious or immunohaemolytic anaemia, atherosclerosis, Addison's disease (autoimmune disease of the adrenal glands), idiopathic adrenal insufficiency, autoimmune polyglandular disease (also known as autoimmune polyglandular disease
  • Inflammatory or immune associated diseases or disorders also includes, but is not limited to: endocrine disorders, rheumatic disorders, collagen diseases, dermatologic disease, allergic disease, ophthalmic disease, respiratory disease, hematologic disease, gastrointestinal disease, inflammatory disease, autoimmune disease, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, nonsuppurative thyroiditis, hypercalcemia associated with cancer, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, acute and subacute bursitis, acute nonspecific tenosynovitis, acute gouty arthritis, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, synovitis of osteoarthritis, epicondylitis, acute rheumatic carditis, pemphigus, bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, severe erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, drug
  • a method of treating a disease associated with AP-1 -induced or NF ⁇ B-induced transcription wherein a compound of formula I of the invention is administered to a patient in need of treatment in a therapeutically effective amount to induce NHR transrepression of the AP-1 -induced or NFKB -induced transcription, thereby treating the disease.
  • Other therapeutic agents such as those described hereafter, may be employed with the compounds of the invention in the present methods.
  • such other therapeutic agent(s) may be administered prior to, simultaneously with or following the administration of the compound(s) of the present invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of the aforementioned exemplary disorders irrespective of their etiology, for example, for the treatment of transplant rejection, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and viral infections.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be synthesized by many methods available to those skilled in the art of organic chemistry.
  • General synthetic schemes, in accordance with the present invention, for preparing compounds of the present invention are described below. These schemes are illustrative and are not meant to limit the possible techniques one skilled in the art may use to prepare the compounds disclosed herein. Different methods to prepare the compounds of the present invention will be evident to those skilled in the art. Additionally, the various steps in the synthesis may be performed in an alternate sequence in order to give the desired compound or compounds. Examples of compounds of the present invention prepared by methods described in the general schemes are given in the preparations and examples section set out hereinafter.
  • Compound IA is constructed by the cycloaddition of a compound of formula 1 with an unsaturated compound of formula 2 neat or in an appropriate solvent such as xylenes or benzene, at temperatures ranging from 50 to 200 °C to form compound 3 (which is a novel intermediate). It is well known that the cycloaddition may be facilitated by the use of a catalysts such diethylaluminium chloride or boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. The cycloaddition may also be carried out at higher pressures as when the reactions are performed in sealed vessels.
  • Compound 3 is reacted with an amine of formula 4 by one of the many methods of amidation well known to those skilled in the art (preferably treatment of 3 in a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile with diethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride (DEC), l-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole, triethylamine and amine 4) to provide compounds of the invention of structure IA.
  • a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile with diethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride (DEC), l-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole, triethylamine and amine
  • the starting compound 1 is known in the art and may be commercially available or prepared employing procedures known in the art.
  • C-NR j1 R D 2 (that is IA) may be prepared preferably starting with compound 3 where R is H which is treated with a suitable base such as lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or dethyl ether and at a temperature ranging from -100°C to 100°C and with a compound 5 (R X -LG, where LG is a leaving group, such as methyl iodide and R x is R other than H) affords compounds of structure 6.
  • LDA lithium diisopropylamide
  • R X -LG where LG is a leaving group, such as methyl iodide and R x is R other than H
  • Compound 6 may be subjected to amidation as described in Scheme A to form compounds of the invention IA (where R is other than H).
  • R 2 is H and R 1a Where R 1a and R a are other than H is other than H.
  • Compounds of formula I of the invention where Z is -CH 2 NR > lr R» 2 may be prepared starting with compounds of formula LA which when treated with a reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) provides compounds IC of the invention.
  • LAH lithium aluminum hydride
  • R b , R c and R d includes a hydroxyaryl group may be prepared as follows.
  • a compound of formula IA of the invention that contains one or more aryloxyalkyl groups located in A, B, Z, R, R a , R b , R c , and R d when treated with dealkylating agent such as boron tribromide, sodium methyl sulfide or other known dealkylating agents provides phenols of formula ID of the invention.
  • A, B, Z, R, R a , R b , the corresponding A, B, Z, R, R a , R fc R c or R d contains-aryl-Oalkyl R c or R d contains-aryl-OH
  • NH 2 , CO 2 H or NO 2 may be further elaborated by various methods well known to those skilled in the art to give compounds of structure IF. A few illustrative examples are shown below. The newly introduced groups may also be further elaborated,
  • R R a is nitro, cyano, CI, Br, CH3, -COOCH3, formyl and R b is
  • R b is nitro, cyano, CI, Br, CH3, -COOCH3, formyl and R a is H;
  • lower alkyl as employed herein alone or as part of another group includes both straight and branched chain hydrocarbons, containing 1 to 20 carbons, preferably 1 to 10 carbons, more preferably 1 to 8 carbons, in the normal chain, and may optionally include an oxygen or nitrogen in the normal chain, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 2,2,4- trimethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, the various branched chain isomers thereof, and the like as well as such groups including 1 to 4 substituents such as halo, for example F, Br, CI or I or CF
  • cycloalkyl as employed herein alone or as part of another group includes saturated or partially unsaturated (containing 1 or 2 double bonds) cyclic hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 3 rings, including monocyclicalkyl, bicyclicalkyl and tricyclicalkyl, containing a total of 3 to 20 carbons forming the rings, preferably 3 to 10 carbons, forming the ring and which may be fused to 1 or 2 aromatic rings as described for aryl, which include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl and cyclododecyl, cyclohexenyl,
  • any of which groups may be optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents such as halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylamido, alkanoylamino, oxo, acyl, arylcarbonylamino, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol and/or alkylthio and/or any of the substituents for alkyl.
  • substituents such as halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylamido, alkanoylamino, oxo, acyl, arylcarbonylamino, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol and/or alkylthio and/or any of the substituents for alkyl.
  • cycloalkenyl as employed herein alone or as part of another group refers to cyclic hydrocarbons containing 3 to 12 carbons, preferably 5 to 10 carbons and 1 or 2 double bonds.
  • exemplary cycloalkenyl groups include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl, cyclohexadienyl, and cycloheptadienyl, which may be optionally substituted as defined for cycloalkyl.
  • cycloalkylene refers to a "cycloalkyl” group which includes free bonds and thus is a linking group such as
  • alkanoyl as used herein alone or as part of another group refers to alkyl linked to a carbonyl group.
  • lower alkenyl or “alkenyl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to straight or branched chain radicals of 2 to 20 carbons, preferably 2 to 12 carbons, and more preferably 1 to 8 carbons in the normal chain, which include one to six double bonds in the normal chain, and may optionally include an oxygen or nitrogen in the normal chain, such as vinyl, 2- propenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 4-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 2- heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 3-octenyl, 3-nonenyl, 4-decenyl, 3-undecenyl, 4- dodecenyl, 4,8,12-tetradecatrienyl, and the like, and which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents, namely, halogen, haloalkyl, alky
  • lower alkynyl or “alkynyl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to straight or branched chain radicals of 2 to 20 carbons, preferably 2 to 12 carbons and more preferably 2 to 8 carbons in the normal chain, which include one triple bond in the normal chain, and may optionally include an oxygen or nitrogen in the normal chain, such as 2-propynyl, 3- butynyl, 2-butynyl, 4-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 2-heptynyl, 3- heptynyl, 4-heptynyl, 3-octynyl, 3-nonynyl, 4-decynyl,3-undecynyl, 4-dodecynyl and the like, and which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents, namely, halogen, haloalky
  • arylalkenyl and arylalkynyi as used alone or as part of another group refer to alkenyl and alkynyl groups as described above having an aryl substituent.
  • alkyl groups as defined above have single bonds for attachment to other groups at two different carbon atoms, they are termed “alkylene” groups and may optionally be substituted as defined above for “alkyl”.
  • alkenyl groups as defined above and alkynyl groups as defined above, respectively have single bonds for attachment at two different carbon atoms, they are termed “alkenylene groups” and “alkynylene groups”, respectively, and may optionally be substituted as defined above for "alkenyl” and "alkynyl”.
  • (CH 2 ) P and (CH 2 ) q includes alkylene, allenyl, alkenylene or alkynylene groups, as defined herein, each of which may optionally include an oxygen or nitrogen in the normal chain, which may optionally include 1, 2, or 3 substituents which include alkyl, alkenyl, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, thioalkyl, keto, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, alkylcarbonylamino or alkylcarbonyloxy; the alkyl substituent may be an alkylene moiety of 1 to 4 carbons which may be attached to one or two carbons in the (CH 2 ) p or (CH 2 ) q group to form a cycloalkyl group therewith.
  • Examples of (CH2) ⁇ , (CH 2 )q, alkylene, alkenylene and alkynylene include
  • halogen or "halo” as used herein alone or as part of another group refers to chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine as well as CF3, with chlorine or fluorine being preferred.
  • metal ion refers to alkali metal ions such as sodium, potassium or lithium and alkaline earth metal ions such as magnesium and calcium, as well as zinc and aluminum.
  • aryl refers to monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic groups containing 6 to 10 carbons in the ring portion (such as phenyl or naphthyl including 1 -naphthyl and 2-naphthyl) and may optionally include one to three additional rings fused to a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring (such as aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or cycloheteroalkyl rings for example
  • lower alkoxy as employed herein alone or as part of another group includes any of the above alkyl, aralkyl or aryl groups linked to an oxygen atom.
  • substituted amino refers to amino substituted with one or two substituents, which may be the same or different, such as alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or thioalkyl. These substituents may be further substituted with a carboxylic acid and/or any of the substituents for alkyl as set out above.
  • amino substituents may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1- azepinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 4-thiamorpholinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 4-alkyl-l-piperazinyl, 4- arylalkyl-1-piperazinyl, 4-diarylalkyl- 1-piperazinyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, or 1- azepinyl, optionally substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, halo, trifluoromethyl or hydroxy.
  • lower alkylthio alkylthio
  • arylthio arylthio
  • aralkylthio as employed herein alone or as part of another group includes any of the above alkyl, aralkyl or aryl groups linked to a sulfur atom.
  • lower alkylamino as employed herein alone or as part of another group includes any of the above alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl groups linked to a nitrogen atom.
  • acyl as employed herein by itself or part of another group, as defined herein, refers to an organic radical linked to a
  • acyl groups include any of the R groups attached to a carbonyl, such as alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaroyl, cycloalkanoyl, cycloheteroalkanoyl and the like.
  • cycloheteroalkyl refers to a 5-, 6- or 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring which includes 1 to 2 hetero atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur, linked through a carbon atom or a heteroatom, where possible, optionally via the linker (CH 2 ) P (where p is 0, 1, 2 or 3), such as
  • the above groups may include 1 to 4 substituents such as alkyl, halo, oxo and/or any of of the substituents for alkyl or aryl set out herein.
  • any of the cycloheteroalkyl rings can be fused to a cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or cycloheteroalkyl ring.
  • heteroaryl refers to a 5-, 6- or 7- membered aromatic ring which includes 1, 2, 3 or 4 hetero atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur,and such rings fused to an aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or cycloheteroalkyl ring (e.g. benzothiophenyl, indolyl), and includes possible N-oxides, linked through a carbon atom or a heteroatom, where possible, optionally via the linker (CH 2 ) q (where q is 0, 1, 2 or 3).
  • the heteroaryl group may optionally include 1 to 4 substituents such as any of the substituents for alkyl or aryl set out above. Examples of heteroaryl groups include the following:
  • a rings and B rings include, but are not limited to any of the 6- membered heteroaryl groups as defined above, 6- membered cycloheteroalkyl groups as defined above, and 6- membered aryl groups as defined above.
  • cycloheteroalkylalkyl refers to cycloheteroalkyl groups as defined above linked through a C atom or heteroatom to a (CH2)p chain.
  • heteroarylalkyl or “heteroarylalkenyl” as used herein alone or as part of another group refers to a heteroaryl group as defined above linked through a C atom or heteroatom to a -(CH2)q- chain, alkylene or alkenylene as defined above.
  • polyhaloalkyl refers to an "alkyl” group as defined above which includes from 2 to 9, preferably from 2 to 5, halo substituents, such as F or CI, preferably F, such as CF3CH2, CF3 or CF3CF2CH2.
  • polyhaloalkyloxy refers to an "alkoxy” or “alkyloxy” group as defined above which includes from 2 to 9, preferably from 2 to 5, halo substituents, such as F or CI, preferably F, such as CF3CH2O, CF3O or CF3CF2CH2O.
  • prodrug esters as employed herein includes prodrug esters which are known in the art for carboxylic and phosphorus acid esters such as methyl, ethyl, benzyl and the like.
  • Other prodrug ester examples include the following groups: (l-alkanoyloxy)alkyl such as,
  • R z , Rt and R v are H, alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl; however, R z O cannot be HO.
  • prodrug esters include
  • Suitable prodrug esters include
  • R z can be H, alkyl (such as methyl or t-butyl), arylalkyl (such as benzyl) or aryl (such as phenyl); R v is H, alkyl, halogen or alkoxy, R u is alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkoxyl, and ni is 0, 1 or 2.
  • salts refer to basic salts formed with inorganic and organic bases.
  • Such salts include ammonium salts; alkali metal salts, such as lithium, sodium and potassium salts (which are preferred); alkaline earth metal salts, such as calcium and magnesium salts; salts with organic bases, such as amine like salts (e.g., dicyclohexylamine salt, benzathine, N-methyl-D- glucamine, and hydrabamine salts); and salts with amino acids like arginine, lysine and the like; and zwitterions, the so-called “inner salts”.
  • Nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salts are preferred, although other salts are also useful, e.g., in isolating or purifying the product.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable “salt” and “salts” also includes acid addition salts. These are formed, for example, with strong inorganic acids, such as mineral acids, for example sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or a hydrohalic acid such as HCI or HBr, with strong organic carboxylic acids, such as alkanecarboxylic acids of 1 to 4 carbon atoms which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example, by halogen, for example acetic acid, such as saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, for example oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, fumaric, phthalic or terephthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example ascorbic, glycolic, lactic, malic, tartaric or citric acid, such as amino acids, (for example aspartic or glutamic acid or
  • All stereoisomers of the compounds of the instant invention are contemplated, either in admixture or in pure or substantially pure form.
  • the compounds of the present invention can have asymmetric centers at any of the carbon atoms including any one or the R substituents. Consequently, compounds of formula I can exist in enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms or in mixtures thereof.
  • the processes for preparation can utilize racemates, enantiomers or diastereomers as starting materials. When diastereomeric or enantiomeric products are prepared, they can be separated by conventional methods for example, chromatographic or fractional crystallization.
  • the compounds of structure I may be used in combination with one or more other types of therapeutic agents such as immunosuppressants, anticancer agents, anti-viral agents, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-fungal agents, antibiotics, anti-vascular hyperproliferation agents, anti-depressive agents, hypolipidemic agents or lipid-lowering agents or lipid modulating agents, antidiabetic agents, anti-obesity agents, antihypertensive agents, platelet aggregation inhibitors, and/or anti- osteoporosis agents, which may be administered orally in the same dosage form, in a separate oral dosage form or by injection.
  • therapeutic agents such as immunosuppressants, anticancer agents, anti-viral agents, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-fungal agents, antibiotics, anti-vascular hyperproliferation agents, anti-depressive agents, hypolipidemic agents or lipid-lowering agents or lipid modulating agents, antidiabetic agents, anti-obesity agents, antihypertensive agents, platelet aggregation inhibitors,
  • the immunosuppressants which may be optionally employed in combination with compounds of formula I of the mvention include cyclosporins, for example cyclosporin A, mycophenolate, interferon-beta, deoxyspergolin, FK-506 or Ant.-IL-2.
  • the anti-cancer agents which may be optionally employed in combination with compounds of formula I of the invention include azathiprine, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, methotrexate, thiotepa, carboplatin, and the like.
  • the anti-viral agents which may be optionally employed in combination with compounds of formula I of the invention include abacavir, aciclovir, ganciclovir, zidanocin, vidarabine, and the like.
  • the anti-inflammatory agents which may be optionally employed in combination with compounds of formula I of the invention include non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, cox-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib, rofecoxib, aspirin, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac sodium, indomethacin, piroxicam, steroids such as prednisone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, triamcinolone diacetate, gold compounds, such as gold sodium thiomalate, TNF- ⁇ inhibitors such as tenidap, anti-TNF antibodies or soluble TNF receptor, and rapamycin (sirolimus or Rapamune) or derivatives thereof, infliximab (Re
  • CTLA-4Ig LEA29Y
  • antibodies such as anti-ICAM-3, anti-IL-2 receptor (Anti-Tac), anti-CD45RB, anti-CD2, anti-CD3 (OKT-3), anti-CD4, anti- CD80, anti-CD86, monoclonal antibody OKT3, agents blocking the interaction between CD40 and CD154 (a.k.a. "g ⁇ 39"), such as antibodies specific for CD40 and/or CD 154, fusion proteins such as etanercept, fusion proteins constructed from CD40 and/or CD154gp39 (e.g. CD40Ig and CD8gp39), inhibitors, such as nuclear translocation inhibitors, of NF-kappaB function, such as deoxyspergualin (DSG).
  • DSG deoxyspergualin
  • anti-fungal agents which may be optionally employed in combination with compounds of formula I of the invention include fluconazole, miconazole, amphotericin B , and the like.
  • the antibiotics which may be optionally employed in combination with compounds of formula I of the invention include penicillin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, doxycycline, vancomycin, minocycline, clindamycin or cefalexin.
  • the anti- vascular hyperproliferation agents which may be optionally employed with compounds of formula I of the invention include methotrexate, lefiunomide, FK506 (tacrolimus, Prograf),
  • the hypolipidemic agent or lipid-lowering agent or lipid modulating agents which may be optionally employed in combination with the compounds of formula I of the invention may include 1 ,2,3 or more MTP inhibitors, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, squalene synthetase inhibitors, fibric acid derivatives, ACAT inhibitors, lipoxygenase inhibitors, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, ileal Na + /bile acid cotransporter inhibitors, upregulators of LDL receptor activity, bile acid sequestrants, and/or nicotinic acid and derivatives thereof.
  • MTP inhibitors employed herein include MTP inhibitors disclosed in U.S.
  • MTP inhibitors to be employed in accordance with the present invention include preferred MTP inhibitors as set out in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,739,135 and 5,712,279, and U.S. Patent No. 5,760,246.
  • MTP inhibitor 9-[4-[4-[[2-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)benzoyl] amino] - 1 -piperidinyljbutyl] -N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H- fluorene-9-carboxamide
  • the hypolipidemic agent may be an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor which includes, but is not limited to, mevastatin and related compounds as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,983,140, lovastatin (mevinolin) and related compounds as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,231,938, pravastatin and related compounds such as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,346,227, simvastatin and related compounds as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,448,784 and 4,450,171.
  • HMG CoA reductase inhibitors which may be employed herein include, but are not limited to, fluvastatin, disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,354,772, cerivastatin disclosed in U.S.
  • Patent Nos. 5,006,530 and 5,177,080 atorvastatin disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,681,893, 5,273,995, 5,385,929 and 5,686,104, itavastatin (Nissan Sankyo's nisvastatin (NK-104)) disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,011,930, Shionogi-Astra/Zeneca visastatin (ZD-4522) disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,260,440, and related statin compounds disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,753,675, pyrazole analogs of mevalonolactone derivatives as disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
  • phosphinic acid compounds useful in inhibiting HMG CoA reductase suitable for use herein are disclosed in GB 2205837.
  • the squalene synthetase inhibitors suitable for use herein include, but are not limited to, ⁇ -phosphono-sulfonates disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,712,396, those disclosed by Biller et al, J. Med. Chem., 1988, Vol. 31, No. 10, pp 1869-1871, including isoprenoid (phosphinyl-methyl)phosphonates as well as other known squalene synthetase inhibitors, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,871,721 and 4,924,024 and in Biller, S.A., Neuenschwander, K., Ponpipom, M.M., and Poulter, CD., Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2, 1-40 (1996).
  • squalene synthetase inhibitors suitable for use herein include the terpenoid pyrophosphates disclosed by P. Ortiz de Montellano et al, J. Med. Chem., 1977, 20, 243-249, the farnesyl diphosphate analog A and presqualene pyrophosphate (PSQ-PP) analogs as disclosed by Corey and Nolante, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1976, 98, 1291-1293, phosphinylphosphonates reported by McClard, R.W. et al, J.A.C.S., 1987, 109, 5544 and cyclopropanes reported by Capson, T.L., PhD dissertation, June, 1987, Dept. Med. Chem. U of Utah, Abstract, Table of Contents, pp 16, 17, 40-43 , 48-51, Summary.
  • hypolipidemic agents suitable for use herein include, but are not limited to, fibric acid derivatives, such as fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, ciprofibrate, clinofibrate and the like, probucol, and related compounds as disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
  • bile acid sequestrants such as cholestyramine, colestipol and DEAE-Sephadex (Secholex®, Policexide®) and cholestagel (Sankyo/Geltex), as well as lipostabil (Rhone-Poulenc), Eisai E-5050 (an N-substituted ethanolamine derivative), imanixil (HOE-402), tetrahydrolipstatin (THL), istigmastanylphos-phorylcholine (SPC, Roche), aminocyclodextrin (Tanabe Seiyoku), Ajinomoto AJ-814 (azulene derivative), melinamide (Sumitomo), Sandoz 58-035, American Cyanamid CL-277,082 and CL- 283,546 (disubstituted urea derivatives), nicotinic acid (niacin), acipimox, aci
  • the hypolipidemic agent may be an ACAT inhibitor such as disclosed in, Drugs of the Future 24, 9-15 (1999), (Avasimibe); "The ACAT inhibitor, Cl-1011 is effective in the prevention and regression of aortic fatty streak area in hamsters", Nicolosi et al, Atherosclerosis (Shannon, Irel). (1998), 137(1), 77-85; "The pharmacological profile of FCE 27677: a novel ACAT inhibitor with potent hypolipidemic activity mediated by selective suppression of the hepatic secretion of ApoBlOO-containing lipoprotein", Ghiselli, Giancarlo, Cardiovasc. Drug Rev.
  • ACAT inhibitors potential anti-atherosclerotic agents
  • Sliskovic et al Curr. Med. Chem. (1994), 1(3), 204-25
  • the hypolipidemic agent may be an upregulator of LD2 receptor activity such as MD-700 (Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd) and LY295427 (Eli Lilly).
  • the hypolipidemic agent may be a cholesterol absorption inhibitor preferably Schering-Plough' s ezetimibe (SCH58235) and SCH48461 as well as those disclosed in Atherosclerosis 115, 45-63 (1995) and J. Med. Chem. 41, 973 (1998).
  • the hypolipidemic agent may be an ileal Na + /bile acid cotransporter inhibitor such as disclosed in Drugs of the Future, 24, 425-430 (1999).
  • the lipid-modulating agent may be a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor such as Pfizer's CP 529,414 (WO/0038722 and EP 818448) and Pharmacia's SC-744 and SC-795.
  • CETP cholesteryl ester transfer protein
  • the ATP citrate lyase inhibitor which may be employed in the combination of the invention may include, for example, those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,447,954.
  • Preferred hypolipidemic agents are pravastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, cerivastatin, itavastatin and visastatin and ZD-4522.
  • the compounds of formula I of the invention will be employed in a weight ratio to the hypolipidemic agent (were present), within the range from about 500:1 to about 1:500, preferably from about 100:1 to about 1:100.
  • the dose administered must be carefully adjusted according to age, weight and condition of the patient, as well as the route of administration, dosage form and regimen and the desired result.
  • the dosages and formulations for the hypolipidemic agent will be as disclosed in the various patents and applications discussed above.
  • MTP inhibitor for oral administration, a satisfactory result may be obtained employing the MTP inhibitor in an amount within the range of from about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg and preferably from about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg, one to four times daily.
  • a preferred oral dosage form, such as tablets or capsules, will contain the
  • MTP inhibitor in an amount of from about 1 to about 500 mg, preferably from about 2 to about 400 mg, and more preferably from about 5 to about 250 mg, one to four times daily.
  • an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor for example, pravastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin or cerivastatin in dosages employed as indicated in the
  • Physician's Desk Reference such as in an amount within the range of from about 1 to 2000 mg, and preferably from about 4 to about 200 mg.
  • the squalene synthetase inhibitor may be employed in dosages in an amount within the range of from about 10 mg to about 2000 mg and preferably from about 25 mg to about 200 mg.
  • a preferred oral dosage form such as tablets or capsules, will contain the HMG CoA reductase inhibitor in an amount from about 0.1 to about 100 mg, preferably from about 0.5 to about 80 mg, and more preferably from about 1 to about 40 mg.
  • a preferred oral dosage form, such as tablets or capsules will contain the squalene synthetase inhibitor in an amount of from about 10 to about 500 mg, preferably from about 25 to about 200 mg.
  • the hypolipidemic agent may also be a lipoxygenase inhibitor including a 15- lipoxygenase (15-LO) inhibitor such as benzimidazole derivatives as disclosed in WO 97/12615, 15-LO inhibitors as disclosed in WO 97/12613, isothiazolones as disclosed in WO 96/38144, and 15-LO inhibitors as disclosed by Sendobry et al "Attenuation of diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits with a highly selective 15-lipoxygenase inhibitor lacking significant antioxidant properties", Brit. J. Pharmacology (1997) 120, 1199-1206, and Cornicelli et al, "15-Lipoxygenase and its Inhibition: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Nascular Disease", Current Pharmaceutical Design, 1999, 5, 11-20.
  • 15-LO 15- lipoxygenase inhibitor
  • the compounds of formula I and the hypolipidemic agent may be employed together in the same oral dosage form or in separate oral dosage forms taken at the same time.
  • the compositions described above may be administered in the dosage forms as described above in single or divided doses of one to four times daily. It may be advisable to start a patient on a low dose combination and work up gradually to a high dose combination.
  • the preferred hypolipidemic agent is pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin or cerivastatin as well as niacin and/or cholestagel.
  • the other antidiabetic agent which may be optionally employed in combination with the compound of formula I may be 1,2,3 or more antidiabetic agents or antihyperglycemic agents including insulin secretagogues or insulin sensitizers, or other antidiabetic agents preferably having a mechanism of action different from the compounds of formula I of the invention, which may include biguanides, sulfonyl ureas, glucosidase inhibitors, PPAR ⁇ agonists, such as thiazolidinediones, aP2 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase IN (DP4) inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and/or meglitinides, as well as insulin, and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 (
  • the other antidiabetic agent may be an oral antihyperglycemic agent preferably a biguanide such as metformin or phenformin or salts thereof, preferably metformin HCI.
  • the compounds of structure I will be employed in a weight ratio to biguanide within the range from about 0.001:1 to about 10:1, preferably from about 0.01:1 to about 5:1.
  • the other antidiabetic agent may also preferably be a sulfonyl urea such as glyburide (also known as glibenclamide), glimepiride (disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,379,785), glipizide, gliclazide or chlorpropamide, other known sulfonylureas or other antihyperglycemic agents which act on the ATP-dependent channel of the D- cells, with glyburide and glipizide being preferred, which may be administered in the same or in separate oral dosage forms.
  • the compounds of structure I will be employed in a weight ratio to the sulfonyl urea in the range from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1, preferably from about 0.02:1 to about 5:1.
  • the oral antidiabetic agent may also be a glucosidase inhibitor such as acarbose (disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,904,769) or miglitol (disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,639,436), which may be administered in the same or in a separate oral dosage forms.
  • acarbose (disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,904,769) or miglitol (disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,639,436), which may be administered in the same or in a separate oral dosage forms.
  • the compounds of structure I will be employed in a weight ratio to the glucosidase inhibitor within the range from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1, preferably from about 0.05:1 to about 10:1.
  • the compounds of structure I may be employed in combination with a PPAR ⁇ agonist such as a thiazolidinedione oral anti-diabetic agent or other insulin sensitizers (which has an insulin sensitivity effect in NIDDM patients) such as troglitazone
  • a PPAR ⁇ agonist such as a thiazolidinedione oral anti-diabetic agent or other insulin sensitizers (which has an insulin sensitivity effect in NIDDM patients) such as troglitazone
  • the compounds of stracture I will be employed in a weight ratio to the thiazolidinedione in an amount within the range from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1, preferably from about 0.05 to about 10:1.
  • the sulfonyl urea and thiazolidinedione in amounts of less than about 150 mg oral antidiabetic agent may be incorporated in a single tablet with the compounds of structure I.
  • the compounds of structure I may also be employed in combination with a antihyperglycemic agent such as insulin or with glucagon-like peptide- 1 (GLP-1) such as GLP-l(l-36) amide, GLP-l(7-36) amide, GLP-l(7-37) (as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,614,492 to Habener, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference), as well as AC2993 (Amylin) and LY-315902 (Lilly), which may be administered via injection, intranasal, inhalation or by transdermal or buccal devices.
  • metformin the sulfonyl ureas, such as glyburide, glimepiride, glipyride, glipizide, chlorpropamide and gliclazide and the glucosidase inhibitors acarbose or miglitol or insulin (injectable, pulmonary, buccal, or oral) may be employed in formulations as described above and in amounts and dosing as indicated in the Physician's Desk Reference (PDR).
  • metformin or salt thereof may be employed in amounts within the range from about 500 to about 2000 mg per day which may be administered in single or divided doses one to four times daily.
  • the thiazolidinedione anti-diabetic agent may be employed in amounts within the range from about 0.01 to about 2000 mg/day which may be administered in single or divided doses one to four times per day.
  • insulin may be employed in formulations, amounts and dosing as indicated by the Physician's Desk Reference.
  • GLP-1 peptides may be administered in oral buccal formulations, by nasal administration or parenterally as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,346,701 (TheraTech), 5,614,492 and 5,631,224 which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the other antidiabetic agent may also be a PPAR ⁇ ⁇ dual agonist such as AR- HO39242 (Astra Zeneca), GW-409544 (Glaxo-Wellcome), KRP297 (Kyorin Merck) as well as those disclosed by Murakami et al, "A Novel Insulin Sensitizer Acts As a Coligand for Peroxisome Proliferation- Activated Receptor Alpha (PPAR alpha) and PPAR gamma. Effect on PPAR alpha Activation on Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Liver of Zucker Fatty Rats", Diabetes 47, 1841-1847 (1998).
  • the antidiabetic agent may be an SGLT2 inhibitor such as disclosed in U.S. application Serial No. 09/679,027, filed October 4, 2000 (attorney file LA49 NP), employing dosages as set out therein. Preferred are the compounds designated as preferred in the above application.
  • the antidiabetic agent may be an aP2 inhibitor such as disclosed in U.S. application Serial No. 09/391,053, filed September 7, 1999, and in U.S. application Serial No. 09/519,079, filed March 6, 2000 (attorney file LA27 NP), employing dosages as set out herein.
  • the antidiabetic agent may be a DP4 inhibitor such as disclosed in U.S. application Serial No. 09/788,173 filed February 16, 2001 (attorney file LA50), WO99/38501, WO99/46272, WO99/67279 (PROBIODRUG), WO99/67278
  • the meglitinide which may optionally be employed in combination with the compound of formula I of the invention may be repaglinide, nateglinide (Novartis) or KAD1229 (PF/Kissei), with repaglinide being preferred.
  • the compound of formula I will be employed in a weight ratio to the meglitinide, PPAR ⁇ agonist, PPAR oc ⁇ dual agonist, aP2 inhibitor, DP4 inhibitor or SGLT2 inhibitor within the range from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1, preferably from about 0.05 to about 10:1.
  • the other type of therapeutic agent which may be optionally employed with a compound of formula I may be 1, 2, 3 or more of an anti-obesity agent including a beta 3 adrenergic agonist, a lipase inhibitor, a serotonin (and dopamine) reuptake inhibitor, an aP2 inhibitor, a thyroid receptor agonist and/or an anorectic agent.
  • an anti-obesity agent including a beta 3 adrenergic agonist, a lipase inhibitor, a serotonin (and dopamine) reuptake inhibitor, an aP2 inhibitor, a thyroid receptor agonist and/or an anorectic agent.
  • the beta 3 adrenergic agonist which may be optionally employed in combination with a compound of formula I may be AJ9677 (Takeda/Dainippon), L750355 (Merck), or CP331648 (Pfizer) or other known beta 3 agonists as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,541,204, 5,770,615, 5,491,134, 5,776,983 and 5,488,064, with AJ9677, L750,355 and CP331648 being preferred.
  • the lipase inhibitor which may be optionally employed in combination with a compound of formula I may be orlistat or ATL-962 (Alizyme), with orlistat being preferred.
  • the serotonin (and dopoamine) reuptake inhibitor which may be optionally employed in combination with a compound of formula I may be sibutramine, topiramate (Johnson & Johnson) or axokine (Regeneron), with sibutramine and topiramate being preferred.
  • the thyroid receptor agonist which may be optionally employed in combination with a compound of formula I may be a thyroid receptor ligand as disclosed in WO97/21993 (U. Cal SF), WO99/00353 (KaroBio), GB98/284425 (KaroBio), and U.S. Provisional Application 60/183,223 filed February 17, 2000, with compounds of the KaroBio applications and the above U.S. provisional application being preferred.
  • the anorectic agent which may be optionally employed in combination with a compound of formula I may be dexamphetamine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine or mazindol, with dexamphetamine being preferred.
  • the various anti-obesity agents described above may be employed in the same dosage form with the compound of formula I or in different dosage forms, in dosages and regimens as generally known in the art or in the PDR.
  • the antihypertensive agents which may be employed in combination with the compound of formula I of the invention include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin JJ receptor antagonists, NEP/ACE inhibitors, as well as calcium channel blockers, ⁇ - adrenergic blockers and other types of antihypertensive agents including diuretics.
  • the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor which may be employed herein includes those containing a mercapto (-S-) moiety such as substituted proline derivatives, such as any of those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
  • captopril that is, l-[(2S)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl]-L- proline
  • mercaptoacyl derivatives of substituted prolines such as any of those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,316,906 with zofenopril being preferred.
  • Other examples of mercapto containing ACE inhibitors that may be employed herein include rentiapril (fentiapril, Santen) disclosed in Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 10:131 (1983); as well as pivopril and YS980.
  • angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors which may be employed herein include any of those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,374,829 mentioned above, with N-(l-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenyl ⁇ ropyl)-L-alanyl-L-proline, that is, enalapril, being preferred, any of the phosphonate substituted amino or imino acids or salts disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
  • ACE inhibitors include Beecham's BRL 36,378 as disclosed in European Patent Application Nos. 80822 and 60668; Chugai's MC-838 disclosed in CA. 102:72588v and Jap. J. Pharmacol. 40:373 (1986); Ciba-Geigy's CGS 14824 (3-([l-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenyl-(lS)- propyl]amino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxo-l-(3S)-benzazepine-l acetic acid HCI) disclosed in U.K. Patent No.
  • Preferred ACE inhibitors are captopril, fosinopril, enalapril, lisinopril, quinapril, benazepril, fentiapril, ramipril and moexipril.
  • NEP/ACE inhibitors may also be employed herein in that they possess neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitory activity and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity.
  • NEP/ACE inhibitors suitable for use herein include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.s. 5,362,727, 5,366,973, 5,225,401, 4,722,810, 5,223,516, 4,749,688, U.S. Patent. No. 5,552,397, U.S. Pat. No. 5,504,080, U.S. Patent No. 5,612,359,U.S. Pat. No.
  • the angiotensin II receptor antagonist (also referred to herein as angiotensin II antagonist or All antagonist) suitable for use herein includes, but is not limited to, irbesartan, losartan, valsartan, candesartan, telmisartan, tasosartan or eprosartan, with irbesartan, losartan or valsartan being preferred.
  • a preferred oral dosage form, such as tablets or capsules, will contain the ACE inhibitor or AJJ antagonist in an amount within the range from abut 0.1 to about 500 mg, preferably from about 5 to about 200 mg and more preferably from about 10 to about 150 mg.
  • the ACE inhibitor, angiotensin IT antagonist or NEP/ACE inhibitor will be employed in an amount within the range from about 0.005 mg/kg to about 10 mg kg and preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg.
  • a drug is to be administered intravenously, it will be formulated in conventional vehicles, such as distilled water, saline, Ringer's solution or other conventional carriers. It will be appreciated that preferred dosages of ACE inhibitor and AJJ antagonist as well as other antihypertensives disclosed herein will be as set out in the latest edition of the Physician's Desk Reference (PDR).
  • PDR Physician's Desk Reference
  • omapatrilat Nalev® amlodipine besylate ( ⁇ orvasc®), prazosin HCI (Minipress®), verapamil, nifedipine, nadolol, diltiazem, felodipine, nisoldipine, isradipine, nicardipine, atenolol, carvedilol, sotalol, terazosin, doxazosin, propranolol, and clonidine HCI (Catapres®).
  • Diuretics which may be employed in combination with compounds of formula I include hydrochlorothiazide, torasemide, furosemide, spironolactono, and indapamide.
  • Antiplatelet agents which may be employed in combination with compounds of formula I of the invention include aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, dipyridamole, abciximab, tirofiban, eptifibatide, anagrelide, and ifetroban, with clopidogrel and aspirin being preferred.
  • the antiplatelet drugs may be employed in amounts as indicated in the PDR.
  • Ifetroban may be employed in amounts as set out in U.S. Patent No. 5,100,889.
  • Antiosteoporosis agents suitable for use herein in combination with the compounds of formula I of the invention include parathyroid hormone or bisphosphonates, such as MK-217 (alendronate) (Fosamax®). Dosages employed for the above drugs will be as set out in the Physician's
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle that may be administered to a subject, together with a compound of the present invention, and which does not destroy the pharmacological activity thereof.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles that may be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following: ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems ("SEDDS") such as d(- tocopherol polyethyleneglycol 1000 succinate), surfactants used in pharmaceutical dosage forms such as Tweens or other similar polymeric delivery matrices, serum proteins such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc
  • Cyclodextrins such as ⁇ -, ⁇ - and ⁇ -cyclodextrin, or chemically modified derivatives such as hydroxyalkylcyclodextrins, including 2- and 3-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ - cyclodextrins, or other solubilized derivatives may also be used to enhance delivery of the modulators of the present invention.
  • compositions of the present invention may contain other therapeutic agents as described below, and may be formulated, for example, by employing conventional solid or liquid vehicles or diluents, as well as pharmaceutical additives of a type appropriate to the mode of desired administration (for example, excipients, binders, preservatives, stabilizers, flavors, etc.) according to techniques such as those well known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered by any suitable means, for example, orally, such as in the form of tablets, capsules, granules or powders; sublingually; buccally; parenterally, such as by subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, or intrasternal injection or infusion techniques (e.g., as sterile injectable aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions); nasally such as by inhalation spray; topically, such as in the form of a cream or ointment; or rectally such as in the form of suppositories; in dosage unit formulations containing non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles or diluents.
  • suitable means for example, orally, such as in the form of tablets, capsules, granules or powders; sublingually; buccally; parenterally, such as by subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, or intrasternal injection or infusion techniques (e.g., as sterile injectable aqueous or non-
  • the compounds of the invention may, for example, be administered in a form suitable for immediate release or extended release. Immediate release or extended release may be achieved by the use of suitable pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds of the invention, or, particularly in the case of extended release, by the use of devices such as subcutaneous implants or osmotic pumps.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be administered liposomally.
  • compositions for oral administration include suspensions which may contain, for example, microcrystalline cellulose for imparting bulk, alginic acid or sodium alginate as a suspending agent, methylcellulose as a viscosity enhancer, and sweeteners or flavoring agents such as those known in the art; and immediate release tablets which may contain, for example, microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate, starch, magnesium stearate and/or lactose and/or other excipients, binders, extenders, disintegrants, diluents and lubricants such as those known in the art.
  • the present compunds may also be delivered through the oral cavity by sublingual and/or buccal administration.
  • Molded tablets, compressed tablets or freeze-dried tablets are exemplary forms which may be used.
  • Exemplary compositions include those formulating the compound(s) of the invention with fast dissolving diluents such as mannitol, lactose, sucrose and/or cyclodextrins. Also included in such formulations may be high molecular weight excipients such as celluloses (Avicel) or polyethylene glycols (PEG).
  • Such formulations may also include an excipient to aid mucosal adhesion such as hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC), maleic anhydride copolymer (e.g., Gantrez), and agents to control release such as polyacrylic copolymer (e.g., Carbopol 934).
  • HPC hydroxy propyl cellulose
  • HPMC hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose
  • SCMC sodium carboxy methyl cellulose
  • maleic anhydride copolymer e.g., Gantrez
  • agents to control release such as polyacrylic copolymer (e.g., Carbopol 934).
  • Lubricants, glidants, flavors, coloring agents and stabilizers may also be added for ease of fabrication and use.
  • compositions for nasal aerosol or inhalation administration include solutions in saline which may contain, for example, benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, and/or other solubilizing or dispersing agents such as those known in the art.
  • compositions for parenteral administration include injectable solutions or suspensions which may contain, for example, suitable non-toxic, parenterally acceptable diluents or solvents, such as mannitol, 1,3-butanediol, water, Ringer's solution, an isotonic sodium chloride solution, or other suitable dispersing or wetting and suspending agents, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides, and fatty acids, including oleic acid.
  • suitable non-toxic, parenterally acceptable diluents or solvents such as mannitol, 1,3-butanediol, water, Ringer's solution, an isotonic sodium chloride solution, or other suitable dispersing or wetting and suspending agents, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides, and fatty acids, including oleic acid.
  • parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous, intracutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarticular, intraarterial, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal,
  • compositions for rectal administration include suppositories which may contain, for example, a suitable non-irritating excipient, such as cocoa butter, synthetic glyceride esters or polyethylene glycols, which are solid at ordinary temperatures, but liquify and/or dissolve in the rectal cavity to release the drag.
  • a suitable non-irritating excipient such as cocoa butter, synthetic glyceride esters or polyethylene glycols, which are solid at ordinary temperatures, but liquify and/or dissolve in the rectal cavity to release the drag.
  • compositions for topical administration include a topical carrier such as Plastibase (mineral oil gelled with polyethylene).
  • a topical carrier such as Plastibase (mineral oil gelled with polyethylene).
  • the effective amount of a compound of the present invention may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, and includes exemplary dosage amounts for an adult human of from about 0.1 to 500 mg/kg of body weight of active compound per day, or between 5 and 2000 mg per day which may be administered in a single dose or in the form of individual divided doses, such as from 1 to 5 times per day. It will be understood that the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any particular subject may be varied and will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound, the species, age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the subject, the- ode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and severity of the particular condition.
  • Preferred subjects for treatment include animals, most preferably mammalian species such as humans, and domestic animals such as dogs, cats and the like.
  • a typical capsule for oral administration contains compounds of stracture I
  • a typical injectable preparation is produced by aseptically placing 250 mg of compounds of structure I into a vial, aseptically freeze-drying and sealing. For use, the contents of the vial are mixed with 2 mL of physiological saline, to produce an injectable preparation.
  • the compounds of formula I of the invention are glucocorticoid receptor modulators as shown by their ability to bind glucocorticoid receptors in GR binding assays.
  • Compounds of formula I of the invention may also inhibit AP-1 activity as indicated in cellular transrespressional assays, and cause none to minimal transactivation as indicated in cellular transscriptional assays.
  • TBS tert-butyldimethylsilyl
  • Cbz carbobenzyloxy or carbobenzoxy or benzyloxycarbonyl
  • HMPA hexamethyl phosphoric triamide
  • TFAA trifluoroacetic anhydride
  • i-Pr 2 NEt diisopropylethylamine
  • NMM N-methyl morpholine
  • DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
  • NaBFL. sodium borohydride
  • NaBH(OAc) 3 sodium triacetoxyborohydride
  • DIB ALH diisobutyl aluminum hydride
  • LAH or LiAlH lithium aluminum hydride
  • n-BuLi n-butyllithium
  • Pd/C palladium on carbon
  • Pt ⁇ 2 platinum oxide
  • HOBT or HOBT.H 2 O 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate
  • HOAT l-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole
  • BOP reagent benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
  • NaN(TMS) 2 sodium hexamethyldisilazide or sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
  • Ph 3 P triphenylphosphine
  • CAN eerie ammonium nitrate
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • LC/MS high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
  • step 1 (18.73 mmol, 5.0 g) in DMF (15 mL) at room temperature was added 1-acetylguanidine (57.43 mmol, 5.80 g). After 5 hours at room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 mL). The organic phases were concentrated in vacuo and the residue chromatographed on silica gel (eluted with 5% methanol in dichloromethane) to give 2.0 g (Y: 39%) of the product of step 1. MS (E+) m/z: 270 (MH + ).
  • step 2 To a solution of the product of step 1 (7.43 mmol, 2.0 g) in methanol (17 mL) was added water (8.5 mL) and 12 N HCI (12.0 mL). After 1 hour at reflux the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to approximately 15 mL. The resulting solution was then purified and neutralized by cation exchange SPE to give 1.66 g (Y: 99%) of the title compound 2a. MS (E+) m/z: 228 (MH + ).
  • step 2 To a solution of the product of step 1 (5.50 mmol, 1.37 g) in ethyl alcohol (10 mL) was added urea (27.50 mmol, 1.65 g). After 2 hours at reflux the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue chromatographed on silica gel (eluted with 30% ethyl acetate in hexane) to give 100 mg (Y: 9%) of the title compound 3a. MS (E+) m/z: 211 (MH + ).
  • step 1 To a solution of the product of preparation 4, step 1 (2.70 mmol, 527 mg) in
  • step 1 LC/MS (m/z 217, (M-H) + ); 1H NMR (CDC1 3 ) ⁇ 8.82 (d, IH), 8.03 (dd, IH), 7.90 (d, IH), 7.44 (t, IH), 7.26 (dd, IH), 7.16 (s, IH), 4.02 (s, 3H), 3.95 (s, 3H).
  • step 1 To a solution of the product of step 1 (0.238 g, 1.1 mmol, 1.0 equi.) and chloroiodomethane (0.32 mL, 4.4 mmol, 4 equi.) in THF (5 mL) was added a solution of LDA (2M, 2.2 mL, 4.0 equi.) in THF (10 mL) dropwise in 30 minutes, while keeping the solution temperature at -78°C The reaction solution was stirred at -78°C for 10 minutes. A solution of acetic acid (1.5 mL) in THF (10 mL) was added in dropwise in 10 minutes.
  • LDA 2M, 2.2 mL, 4.0 equi.
  • step 2 To a solution of the product of step 2 (0.23 g, 1.0 mmol, 1.0 equi.) in ethanol (5mL) at room temperature was added thiourea (90 mg, 1.2 mmol, 1.2 equi.). The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, after which a yellow precipitate was formed. The reaction was quenched by addition of water and ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x).
  • Step 1 To a solution of the product of preparation 6, step 2 (0.5 g, 2.14 mmol, 1.0 equi.), in ethanol (5 mL) at room temperature was added 1-acetylguanidine (650 mg, 6.42 mmol, 3.0 equi.). The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The reaction was quenched by addition of water and ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ). The combined organic phases were dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to yield 0.2 g (35%) of the product of step 1: LC/MS (m z 282, (M+H) + ). Step 2
  • step 2 To a solution of the product of step 1 (0.2 g, 0.7 mmol, 1.0 equi.) in methanol (5 mL) was added water (1.0 mL) and hydrochloric acid (12N, 1.0 mL). The reaction solution was heated to reflux for 1 hour, after which the solvent was removed in vacuo. The crude mixture was purified by cation exchange SPE to give 0.12 g (70%) of the title compound 7a: LC/MS (m/z 240, (M+H) + ).
  • step 2 To a solution of the product of step 1 (6.10 mmol, 1.22 g) in ethyl alcohol (10 mL) at room temperature was added thiourea (7.32 mmol, 560 mg). After 1 hour at room temperature the reaction mixture was quenched with water (30 mL) and washed with dichloromethane (3 x 100 mL). The aqueous layer was then purified by cation exchange chromatography to give 600 mg (Y: 56%) of the title compound 8a. MS E+) m/z: 178 (WT ⁇ t). In a similar manner the following compounds were prepared.
  • step 2 To a solution of the product of step 1 (10.69 mmol, 2.0 g) in dichloromethane (100.0 mL) was added trimethylaluminum (32.88 mmol, 16.44 mL of a 2.0 M solution in toluene) at -78 °C After the addition was complete the reaction was allowed to warm to 0 °C The reaction mixture was then quenched with water (30 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 30 mL). The organic phases were concentrated in vacuo and the residue chromatographed on silica gel (eluted with 10% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give 930 mg (Y: 51%) of the product of step 2. MS (E+) m/z: 172 (MH + ).
  • step 2 The product of step 2 was converted to the title compound 9a as described in preparation 8, step 2 .
  • Step 3 The crude product of step 2 was dissolved in EtOH (1.5 ml). Thiourea (76 mg, 1 mmol) was added followed by addition of TEA (0.14 ml, 1 mmol). The solution was heated at 80 C for 6 h. After removal of ethanol, the reaction mixture was taken into ethyl acetate and aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The organic layer was washed with 0.5 N HCI. After separation, the aqueous layer was adjusted to pH 9 with sodium carbonate, and extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • step 1 The product of step 1 (1.93 g, 8.62 mmol) and powdered iron (3.85 g, 68.93 mmol, 8 eq) were placed into a flask containing 100 mL of a 2:2:1 mixture of ethanol/acetic acid/water, respectively.
  • the flask was placed into a 0°C ice bath and allowed to equilibrate for 20 minutes. 8 drops of concentrated HCI were added.
  • the reaction began to change color (yellow to green to red/brown). After 1 hour, the cooling bath was removed and allowed to warm to room temperature. After stirring for an additional 1 hour at room temperature, the mixture was filtered through a thin pad of celite. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to afford a yellow/green solid.
  • step 2 To the product of step 2 (901 mg, 5.49 mmol) under nitrogen in 30.0 mL ethanol was added 0.92 mL pyruvic acid (1.160 g, 13.173 mmol) followed by 13.0 mL of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 5 hours. 0.6 N Aqueous ammonia (-100 mL) was added and the mixture was gently heated to 74°C. A 0.6N HC1/0.3N AcOH solution was added until pH was ⁇ 4 to precipitate the product. The mixture was filtered to collect solid which was dried under vacuum to obtain 1.303 g of the product of step 3 as a yellow solid (88%). Step 4
  • step 3 99 mg, 0.369 mmol
  • ⁇ 3 mg Cu 2 O ⁇ 0.018 mmol, 0.05 eq
  • a IL flask was charged with anthracene (14g, 0.078 mol, 1.0 equi.), hydroquinone (0.8g, 0.008 mol, 0.1 equi.), methacrylic acid (14 mL, 0.156 mol, 2.0 equi.) and xylene (500 mL). The solution was heated to reflux for 1 day. The solution was cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and extracted with IN NaOH (3x). The aqueous phase was acidified with IN HCI, and the product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x). The combined organic phases were concentrated in vacuo to give the crade product mixture.
  • step 1 The product of step 1, 14 was resolved into its corresponding enantiomers, 14(R) and 14(S) by chiral preparative HPLC with the following conditions, Column: Chiracel®-OJ, 5 X 50 cm, Mobile phase: trifluroacetic acid/acetonitrile: 1/1000 (vol/vol), Temperature: ambient, Flowrate: 70 mL/min, Injection: 1.5 grams in 50 mL solvent, Detection: UN (250 nm). Retention times for R-enantiomer , 30 min, S- enantiomer, 52 min.
  • stepl preparation 14 To a solution of the product of stepl preparation 14 (5.0g, 18.9 mmol, 1.0 equi.) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was added an oxalyl chloride solution in dichloromethane (2M, 11.4 mL, 22.8 mmol, 1.2 equi.) dropwise. The solution was stirred at RT for 2 hours, after which the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile (20 mL) and added dropwise to a solution of ethylene glycol (1.27 mL, 22.8 mmol, 1.2 equi.) in acetonitrile (20 mL). The reaction solution was stirred at RT for 4 hours and then the solution was concentrated in vacuo.
  • step 1 To a solution of the product of Preparation 14, step 1 (20 mg, 0.075 mmol, 1.0 equi.) in acetonitrile (2 mL) was added l-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (DEC) (17 mg, 0.09 mmol, 1.2 equi.), l-hydroxy-7- azabenzotriazole (HOAt) (12 mg.
  • DEC 3-(dimethylamino) propyl]-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
  • HOAt l-hydroxy-7- azabenzotriazole
  • step 1 To a solution of the product of step 1 (175 mg, 0.5 mmol, 1.0 equi.) in THF (5 mL) was added sodium hydride (18 mg, 0.75 mmol, 1.5 equi.) and the solution stirred at RT for 1 hour. A solution of methyl iodide (0.047 mL, 0.75 mmol, 1.5 equi.) in THF (1 mL) was added and the reaction solution was stirred at RT for 3 hours. The solution was quenched with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, saturated sodium chloride, dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo.
  • Example 340 Purification of the crade product mixture by flash chromatography (10% ethyl acetate in hexane) yielded 141.7 mg (78%) of Example 340: LC/MS (m/z 361 (M+H) + ); 1H NMR (CDC13) ⁇ 6.41-7.12 (m, 8H), 4.67 (s, IH), 4.3 (t, IH), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.0 (dd, IH), 1.49 (dd, IH), 1.07 (s, 3H).
  • Example 344 To a solution of Example 344 (3.44 mmol, 1.70 g) in EtOH (30 mL) was added 10 N NaOH (2.0 mL). The resulting mixture was heated to 75 °C for 2.5 h, cooled and diluted with an excess of 1 N HCI. The mixture was then extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 100 mL), dried over Na 2 SO and concentrated under vacuo to give 1.40 g (Y: 88%) of Example 345. MS (E+) m/z: 467 (MH + ). Step 3
  • Example 345 To a solution of Example 345 (0.038 mmol, 18.0 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (1.0 mL) was added l-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), (0.046 mmol, 8.9 mg), l-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt), (0.046 mmol, 6.3 mg), triethylamine (0.046 mmol, 5.6 mg) and aniline (0.046 mmol, 4.3 mg). After 20 h at room temperature the product was purified using solid phase extraction cartridges (500 mg 1/1 high load, SCX strong cation exchanger/SAX strong anion exchanger) from United Chemical Technologies, Inc.
  • EDCI 3-(dimethylamino)propyl-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
  • HOAt l-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole
  • HOAt l-hydroxy
  • F7 medium contained the following per liter of deionized water: dextrose, 10 g; yeast extract, 10 g; malt extract, 10 g; peptone, 1 g, in a 500 ml flask (pH was adjusted to 7 before sterilization at 120°C for 30 minutes).
  • the culture was incubated for 3 days at 28°C on a rotary shaker operating at 250 rpm. Two ml of this culture was used to inoculate each of twelve 500-ml flasks containing 100 ml of F7 medium.
  • the flasks were incubated at 28°C on a rotary shaker operating at 250 rpm for 17 hours. Eight mg of Preparation 16g S- isomer (97.9%ee) in 0.32 ml DMF was added to each flask. The flasks were then returned to the shaker and incubated for additional 9.5 hours at 28°C and 250 rpm. The culture was pooled and subjected to sonication for total of 5 min. with a High Intensity Ultrasonic Processor (Model: NCX600, Sonics & Material Inc.) equipped with a microtip, at 40% out put.
  • a High Intensity Ultrasonic Processor Model: NCX600, Sonics & Material Inc.
  • sample 0.5 to 1 ml was loaded onto the column at water (solvent A)-acetonitrile (solvent B) 90/10 v/v and separated using the following gradient program: 10% B, 3 min; 10% to 35% B linear gradient, 1 min; 35% B, 9 min; 35 % to 60% B linear gradient, 1 min; 60 % B, 4 min; 60 % to 90% B linear gradient, 1 min; 90 % B, 4 min.
  • Detection (UN) was at 210 nm.
  • the fractions containing BMS-585157 was eluted ' between 18 to 19 minutes.
  • the BMS-585157 fractions were pooled and evaporated in vacuo to a small volume, then was lyophilized.
  • step 2 To a solution of the product of step 1 (0.079 mmol, 23 mg) in MeOH (2 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (400 ⁇ L of 1 N NaOH, 0.4 mmol). After 4 hours at 75 °C and 16 hours at RT the reaction mixture was quenched with IN HCI (3 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 30 mL). The organic phases were dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to give 19.6 g (Y: 89%) of the product of step 2.
  • step 2 To a solution of the product of step 2 (0.070 mmol, 19.6 mg) in acetonitrile (1.0 mL) was added l-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), (0.084 mmol, 16 mg), l-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt), (0.084 mmol, 11.5 mg), triethylamine (0.175 mmol, 17.7 mg) and Preparation la (0.086 mmol, 21 mg). The resulting mixture was heated to 80 °C for 20 h, cooled and diluted with MeOH (1.0 mL).
  • EDCI 3-(dimethylamino)propyl-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
  • HOAt l-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole
  • Preparation la 0.086 mmol, 21 mg
  • Example 178 To a solution of Example 178 (20.0 mg, 0.04 mmol, 1.0 equi.) in dichloromethane (5 mL) at 0°C, was added a solution of boron tribromide in dichloromethane (IM, 0.20 mL, 0.20 mmol, 5 equi.). The reaction solution was stirred at 0°C for 3 hours, and let warmed up to room temperature and let stirred at room temperature overnight. The next day, the reaction solution was quenched with methanol in an ice bath.
  • IM boron tribromide
  • the crade product mixture was purified by reversed phased PREP HPLC, followed by neutralization with cation exchange SPE, to yield 5.4 mg (28% yield) of Example 565: LC/MS (m/z 489, (M+H) + ).
  • step 3 To a solution of the product of step 1 (1.68 mmol, 510 mg) in THF (3.4 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (1.7 mL of 5N LiOH). After 20 hours at 70 °C the reaction mixture was quenched with IN HCI (30 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 30 mL). The organic phases were dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to give 410 mg (Y: 84%) the product of step 2 Step 3
  • step 3 To a solution of the product of step 3 (0.132 mmol, 40 mg) in methanolic ammonia (7.0 mL) was added 5% rhodium on alumina (100 mg). The reaction mixture was then allowed to hydrogenate at 55 psi of H in a Parr apparatus. After 20 hours the reaction mixture was filtered through celite and concentrated in vacuo to give 40 mg (Y: 99%) of Example 569.
  • step 1 To a solution of the product of step 1 (0.471 mmol, 130 mg) in dichloromethane (8.0 mL) under nitrogen at 0 °C was added trimethylaluminum (3.77 mmol, 1.88 ml of a 2 M solution in toluene). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 0 °C for 20 min and then at RT for 1 h. 2-Aminothiazole (3.77 mmol, 377 mg) in dichloromethane (5.0 mL) was then added. After 16 hours at reflux the reaction mixture is quenched with IN HCI (30 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 30 mL).
  • Example 241 To a solution of Example 241 (80 mg, 0.15 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added a sodium hydroxide solution (1.0 mL) (solution is 1:1 of 50%NaOH and water). The reaction solution was heated to 60°C for 5 hours. The solution was cooled and quenched with HCI (6N). The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3X). The combined organic extracts were dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 68 mg (87% yield) of Example 574. LC/MS (m/z 517, (M+H) + ). Step 2
  • step 1 To a solution of the product of step 1 (20 mg, 0.038 mmol, 1.0 equi.) in acetonitrile (2 mL) was added l-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (DEC) (8.9 mg, 0.046 mmol, 1.2 equi.), l-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt) (6.3 mg. 0.046 mmol, 1.2 equi.), triethylamine (0.013 mL, 0.097 mmol, 2.5 equi.), and ethylamine (2.1 mg, 0.046 mmol, 1.2 equi.).
  • DEC l-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
  • HOAt l-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole
  • triethylamine 0.013 mL,
  • Example 575 LC/MS (m z 544, (M+H) + ); 1H NMR (CDC1 3 ) ⁇ 8.22 (m, IH), 7.89(m, 2H), 7.60 (d, IH), 7.14-7.53 (m, 11 H), 7.03 (s, IH), 4.46 (s, IH), 3.69 (q, 2H), 2.85 (d, IH), 1.83 (d, IH), 1.36 (t, 3H), 1.12 (s, 3H).
  • Example 240 To a mixture of Example 240 (28 mg, 0.056 mmol, 1.0 equi.) and ethylamine (3.0 mg, 0.067 mmol, 1.2 equi.) in methanol (2 mL, 1.0 % acetic acid) was added sodium cyanoborohydride (3.5 mg, 0.056 mmol, 1.2 equi.). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours.
  • Example 579 LC/MS (m/z 530, (M+H) + ); 1H NMR (CDC1 3 ) ⁇ 8.25 (m, IH), 7.87 (m, 2H), 7.62 (d, IH), 7.51 (m, 3H), 7.06-7.52 (m, 7H), 7.06 (s, IH), 4.40 (s, IH), 3.7 (s, 2H), 2.99 (q, 2H), 2.60 (d, IH), 1.58 (d, IH), 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.19 (s, 3H).
  • EXAMPLE 580 In a similar manner the Example 580 was prepared.
  • Example 252 (25 mg, 0.05 mmol) was dissolved in a solution of ethanol (5 mL) and hydrochloric acid (concentrated, 0.25 mL) at room temperature. Zinc dust (20 mg) was added in and the reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The reaction was quenched with sodium bicarbonate solution (10%) and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with IN sodium hydroxide solution, dried and concentrated in vacuo to give the crade product mixture. The product was purified by PREP HPLC, followed by cation exchange SPE to give 4.1 mg (16% yield) of Example 581 : MS (m/z 502 (M+H) + ). EXAMPLE 582
  • Example 112 To a solution of Example 112 (33 mg, 0.070 mmol) in 1.50 mL anhydrous diethyl ether at room temperature was added 0.18 mL of a l.OM solution of lithium aluminum hydride in THF (0.180 mmol, 2.6 eq). After stirring at room temperature for 3 h an additional 0.18 mL lithium aluminum hydride solution (0.180 mmol, 2.6 eq) was added to push the reaction further. The mixture was allowed to stir for 48 h at rt, and quenched by adding 0.15 mL methanol dropwise, then 0.15 mL water, then 20 mL saturated aqueous KOH. Extracted 2 x 30 mL ethyl acetate.
  • Example 582 Dried over sodium sulfate. Concentrated under vacuum. Purified the crade material using prep HPLC. Free-based the product by passing through a basic SCX cartridge using methanol as the eluent. Removal of the solvent afforded 2.5 mg of Example 582 as a solid white film (8%) LC/MS (m/z 459, (M+H) + ).
  • Step 1 7-methoxy-2-methyl-quinolinyl-4-boronic acid
  • Step 2 4-(5-bromo-2-nitro- lH-imidazol-4-yl)-7-methoxy-2-methyl-quinoline
  • Step 3 4-(7-methoxy-2-methyl-quinolin-4-yl)- lH-imidazole-2-ylamine
  • Examples 584 TO 586 were prepared from acid of Preparation 17E and the appropriate 4-(quinolin-4-yl)-lH- imidazole-2-ylamine or 4-isoquinolin-5-yl-lH-imidazol-2-ylamine.
  • the amines were prepared according to the procedures described in Steps 1 to 3 of Example 583, i.e. via the Pd-catalyzed coupling reaction of 4,5-dibromo-2-nitro-lH-imidazole and the boronic acid derived from corresponding bromo-quinoline or bromo-isoquinoline, followed by the hydrogenation reaction.
  • a suspension Example 212 (50 mg, 0.091 mmol) and cuprious cyanide (10 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was introduced into a dried heavy wall Pyrex tube, flushed with nitrogen and tightly sealed.
  • the tube was placed in a microwave (Smith Workstation 300W from Magnetron @ 2.45 GHz) and heated to 200°C while stirring for 2.25 h. After the tube had cool down to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide a brown oil.
  • Examples 588 to 645 were prepared from the coupling of corresponding acids and amines. Preparations of amines or acids not commercially available are described in the preceding preparations section of this document. All examples in the table are racemic unless specified otherwise. Examples in the table where one enantiomer predominates or is the sole component, are designated as either R or S. Separation of the enantiomers on a chiral column employed procedures described in the preceding preparations section of this document.
  • Example 178 To a solution of Example 178 (100 mg, 0.29 mmol, 1.0 equi.) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added N-iodosuccinimide (65 mg, 0.29 mg, 1.0 equi.). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solution was quenched with saturated sodium bisulfite solution, and diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with water, dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude product mixture by flash chromatography (20% ethyl acetate in hexane) yielded 22.7 mg (16%) of Example 647: LC/MS (m/z 629, (M+H) + ).

Abstract

L'invention concerne des composés non stéroïdaux, les modulateurs de récepteurs de glucocorticoïde, qui sont utilisés dans le traitement des maladies nécessitant une thérapie à base d'un agoniste ou d'un antagoniste du récepteur de glucocorticoïde, telles que l'obésité, le diabète, les troubles inflammatoires ou immunitaires. Lesdits composés présentent une structure de formule (I), dans laquelle Z représente CONR1R2 ou CH2NR1R2 et R, Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Z, A et B sont définis dans la description.
PCT/US2003/022300 2002-07-18 2003-07-17 Modulateurs de recepteurs de glucocorticoides et procede associe WO2004009017A2 (fr)

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AU2003251970A AU2003251970A1 (en) 2002-07-18 2003-07-17 Modulators of the glucocorticoid receptor and method
NO20050074A NO20050074L (no) 2002-07-18 2005-01-06 Modulatorer for glukocorticoidreseptoren og metode
IS7645A IS7645A (is) 2002-07-18 2005-01-12 Stillar glúkósteraviðtaka og aðferð

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Cited By (84)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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AU2003251970A8 (en) 2004-02-09
NO20050074L (no) 2005-03-09
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US6995181B2 (en) 2006-02-07
EP1534273A4 (fr) 2007-08-22
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AU2003251970A1 (en) 2004-02-09
US20040132758A1 (en) 2004-07-08

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