WO2004006370A2 - Empilement de piles a combustible basse temperature - Google Patents

Empilement de piles a combustible basse temperature Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004006370A2
WO2004006370A2 PCT/DE2003/001984 DE0301984W WO2004006370A2 WO 2004006370 A2 WO2004006370 A2 WO 2004006370A2 DE 0301984 W DE0301984 W DE 0301984W WO 2004006370 A2 WO2004006370 A2 WO 2004006370A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell stack
last
cells
low
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2003/001984
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2004006370A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Bewer
Hendrik Dohle
Rita Jung
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Publication of WO2004006370A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004006370A2/fr
Publication of WO2004006370A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004006370A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell stack, in particular a low-temperature fuel cell stack.
  • Fuel cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy without generating significant emissions.
  • a single fuel cell generally has a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte located between them, for example in the form of an ion-conductive membrane.
  • An oxidizing agent for example oxygen or air
  • a fuel for example hydrogen
  • the hydrogen is oxidized at the anode to produce protons.
  • the protons migrate through the membrane to the cathode, where they react with the oxidizing agent to form water.
  • the GE- The entire electrochemical reaction is spontaneous and supplies electricity.
  • bipolar plates Several fuel cells are usually connected to one another electrically and mechanically to achieve high electrical outputs by connecting elements, so-called bipolar plates. With these bipolar plates, stacked, electrically connected fuel cells are produced, which are also called fuel cell stacks.
  • the two main elements in a fuel cell are on the one hand the membrane electrolyte unit (MEA) and on the other hand the operating medium distribution units (bipolar plates).
  • MEA membrane electrolyte unit
  • bipolar plates operating medium distribution units
  • These equipment distribution units which also ensure contact between the fuel cells, are usually made of graphite or metal. They regularly have a large number of channels, which ideally should distribute the operating materials evenly over the MEA and enable the production water formed to be drained off.
  • a decisive factor for a high power density is a uniform current density and temperature distribution on the individual cells of the fuel cell stack.
  • the current density distribution is decisively influenced by the uniform distribution of the educts (eg hydrogen, methanol, air, reformate) among the individual cells of the stack.
  • the uniform distribution of the educts is mainly determined by the pressure drops across the individual cells. These are in turn influenced by the distribution structures.
  • an uneven distribution of the starting materials regularly occurs on the individual cells. Due to the uneven temperature distribution that occurs, this disadvantageously leads to an uneven current density, in particular in the case of the first and last fuel cell in a stack.
  • the object of the invention is to create a low-temperature fuel cell stack or a method for operating the same with an improved current density and temperature distribution compared to the prior art.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a
  • the object of the invention is a low-temperature fuel cell stack with a first, a last and at least one middle fuel cell connected in series.
  • the individual fuel cells each have a distributor structure for distributing an item of equipment.
  • the first and the last fuel cell of the fuel cell stack have one Distribution structure, which each allow a volume flow of operating fluid that differs by at least 30% from that of the central fuel cell during the operation of the fuel cell stack.
  • Such a fuel cell stack advantageously has at least five medium-sized fuel cells, each of which additionally has an identical distributor structure in a special embodiment.
  • an increased volume flow and the associated higher enthalpy flow, through the first and last cell of the stack, can result in the lower ones occurring due to the radiation to the outside Temperatures are balanced.
  • the increased enthalpy flow is caused by a lower pressure drop across these cells.
  • the volume flow through the first and last cell is regularly set to be correspondingly smaller than the volume flow that is regularly provided for the middle cells.
  • the first and the last fuel cell have a different distribution structure than a central cell.
  • this other distributor structure in each case permits a volume flow of operating medium which deviates by at least 50% from that of the middle fuel cell, in particular by 50% higher than that of the middle fuel cells.
  • an identical construction of the distributor structure is advantageously chosen for the first and last cell in order to keep the number of different cells within a fuel cell stack as low as possible.
  • the method according to the invention for operating the aforementioned low-temperature fuel cell stack is distinguished by the fact that during operation through the first and last fuel cell of the stack, a volume flow of operating medium which differs by at least 30% flows compared to that through the middle fuel cells flows. This results in the first and the last cell of the stack in the Different pressure drops compared to the middle cells, which in turn lead to different enthalpy flows. These different enthalpy currents regularly compensate for the temperature gradients that would otherwise arise due to the radiation, particularly from the external cells of a stack.
  • a volume flow for the first and last cell that is at least 50% different and, depending on the operating conditions, is either 50% lower or also 50% larger than that which is provided for the middle cells.
  • the volume flow of the educts is particularly important for the invention, so that an advantageous embodiment of the invention is particularly aimed at a fuel cell which allows a different volume flow of the educts for the first and last cell of a fuel cell stack.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un empilement de piles à combustible basse température comprenant une pile à combustible initiale, une pile à combustible terminale et au moins une pile à combustible intermédiaire qui sont connectées en série et présentent respectivement une structure de répartition qui permet la répartition d'un agent de fonctionnement. Selon l'invention, les piles à combustible initiale et terminale ont une structure de répartition qui, au cours du fonctionnement de l'empilement de piles à combustible, permet respectivement une débit volumique d'agent de fonctionnement qui varie au moins de 30 % de celui de la pile à combustible intermédiaire. L'invention présente l'avantage que, au cours du fonctionnement de l'empilement de piles à combustible, on obtient une répartition homogène de la température de l'ensemble de l'empilement, ce qui permet d'obtenir une répartition de densité de courant à peu près uniforme et ainsi une augmentation de puissance régulière de l'ensemble de l'empilement de piles à combustibles. Lors de l'utilisation d'agents de fonctionnement préchauffés, notamment d'éduit préchauffé, une quantité en général significativement supérieure d'agent de fonctionnement circule dans les piles initiale et terminale par rapport à celle qui circule dans les piles intermédiaires.
PCT/DE2003/001984 2002-07-04 2003-06-14 Empilement de piles a combustible basse temperature WO2004006370A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10230045A DE10230045B4 (de) 2002-07-04 2002-07-04 Niedertemperatur-Brennstoffzellenstapel und Verfahren zum Betreiben
DE10230045.3 2002-07-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004006370A2 true WO2004006370A2 (fr) 2004-01-15
WO2004006370A3 WO2004006370A3 (fr) 2004-12-16

Family

ID=30009799

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2003/001984 WO2004006370A2 (fr) 2002-07-04 2003-06-14 Empilement de piles a combustible basse temperature

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE10230045B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004006370A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006015247A1 (de) * 2006-04-01 2007-10-04 Sartorius Ag Brennstoffzelle mit Isolierelement
DE102021206594A1 (de) 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Cellcentric Gmbh & Co. Kg Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einer Vielzahl von Einzelzellen
DE102021206582A1 (de) 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Cellcentric Gmbh & Co. Kg Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einer Vielzahl von Einzelzellen
DE102021206806A1 (de) 2021-06-30 2023-01-05 Cellcentric Gmbh & Co. Kg Brennstoffzellensystem mit wenigstens einem Brennstoffzellenstapel

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0752652B2 (ja) * 1986-04-07 1995-06-05 株式会社日立製作所 積層電池のマニホ−ルド構造
JPS63119166A (ja) * 1986-11-06 1988-05-23 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JPH04355061A (ja) * 1991-05-31 1992-12-09 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 燃料電池
JP3110142B2 (ja) * 1992-04-13 2000-11-20 三菱重工業株式会社 固体電解質型燃料電池
JPH1019675A (ja) * 1996-07-04 1998-01-23 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 測光回路
JPH10177864A (ja) * 1996-10-18 1998-06-30 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
DE19905564C2 (de) * 1999-02-11 2001-06-28 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Brennstoffzellenstapel mit Zuführungs- und/oder Abführungskanälen

Non-Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ARGYROPOULOS P ET AL: "One-dimensional thermal model for direct methanol fuel cell stacks - Part I. Model development" JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA S.A. LAUSANNE, CH, Bd. 79, Nr. 2, Juni 1999 (1999-06), Seiten 169-183, XP004166330 ISSN: 0378-7753 *
ARGYROPOULOS P ET AL: "One-dimensional thermal model for direct methanol fuel cell stacks - Part II. Model based parametric analysis and predicted temperature profiles" JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA S.A. LAUSANNE, CH, Bd. 79, Nr. 2, Juni 1999 (1999-06), Seiten 184-198, XP004166331 ISSN: 0378-7753 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN Bd. 0121, Nr. 08 (E-597), 7. April 1988 (1988-04-07) & JP 62 237678 A (HITACHI LTD), 17. Oktober 1987 (1987-10-17) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN Bd. 0123, Nr. 67 (E-664), 30. September 1988 (1988-09-30) & JP 63 119166 A (TOSHIBA CORP), 23. Mai 1988 (1988-05-23) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN Bd. 0131, Nr. 98 (E-756), 11. Mai 1989 (1989-05-11) & JP 1 019675 A (SANYO ELECTRIC CO LTD), 23. Januar 1989 (1989-01-23) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN Bd. 0172, Nr. 19 (E-1358), 30. April 1993 (1993-04-30) & JP 4 355061 A (ISHIKAWAJIMA HARIMA HEAVY IND CO LTD), 9. Dezember 1992 (1992-12-09) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN Bd. 0180, Nr. 77 (E-1504), 8. Februar 1994 (1994-02-08) & JP 5 290874 A (MITSUBISHI HEAVY IND LTD), 5. November 1993 (1993-11-05) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006015247A1 (de) * 2006-04-01 2007-10-04 Sartorius Ag Brennstoffzelle mit Isolierelement
DE102021206594A1 (de) 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Cellcentric Gmbh & Co. Kg Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einer Vielzahl von Einzelzellen
DE102021206582A1 (de) 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Cellcentric Gmbh & Co. Kg Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einer Vielzahl von Einzelzellen
DE102021206806A1 (de) 2021-06-30 2023-01-05 Cellcentric Gmbh & Co. Kg Brennstoffzellensystem mit wenigstens einem Brennstoffzellenstapel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2004006370A3 (fr) 2004-12-16
DE10230045A1 (de) 2004-02-05
DE10230045B4 (de) 2004-09-02

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