WO2003100879A2 - Lichtemittierendes bauelement - Google Patents
Lichtemittierendes bauelement Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003100879A2 WO2003100879A2 PCT/AT2003/000156 AT0300156W WO03100879A2 WO 2003100879 A2 WO2003100879 A2 WO 2003100879A2 AT 0300156 W AT0300156 W AT 0300156W WO 03100879 A2 WO03100879 A2 WO 03100879A2
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- H10K71/20—Changing the shape of the active layer in the devices, e.g. patterning
- H10K71/211—Changing the shape of the active layer in the devices, e.g. patterning by selective transformation of an existing layer
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- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
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- H10K71/40—Thermal treatment, e.g. annealing in the presence of a solvent vapour
- H10K71/421—Thermal treatment, e.g. annealing in the presence of a solvent vapour using coherent electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser annealing
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- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
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- H10K71/30—Doping active layers, e.g. electron transporting layers
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- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
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- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
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- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
- H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/114—Poly-phenylenevinylene; Derivatives thereof
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/115—Polyfluorene; Derivatives thereof
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- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/151—Copolymers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a light-emitting component (LED), in particular a multi-colored or light-emitting organic light-emitting component, comprising a carrier, electrodes, a light-emitting layer and optionally one or more additional layers, and a method for its production.
- LED light-emitting component
- a multi-colored or light-emitting organic light-emitting component comprising a carrier, electrodes, a light-emitting layer and optionally one or more additional layers, and a method for its production.
- LED light-emitting components with low electrical operating voltages
- OLED organic light-emitting diodes
- PLED light emitting diodes
- the abbreviation OLED is also used in the literature for LEDs based on organic materials
- the abbreviation PLED is also used for LEDs based on polymers.
- the construction principle of such LEDs is described in the above article by C.W. Tang et al. described in detail.
- Organic LEDs are also described in the following articles: J. Kalinowski, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
- Conjugated polymers e.g. US Patent 5,247,190
- oligomers as well as low molecular weight organic components can be used as organic materials.
- organic components which are composed of more than 20 repeat units are referred to as “polymers”.
- organic components which consist of 6 to 20 repeat units are referred to below as “oligomers”.
- polymer used in the description and the claims always includes the corresponding oligomers, without this being expressly mentioned in each case.
- Organic components which consist of 2 to 5 repetition units, are counted among the "low molecular weight compounds" in the following.
- Low molecular weight compounds which can be used for the construction of LEDs, are contained in the review by J. Kalinowski (J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 32, R179 (1999)), including aromatic compounds, such as derivatives of anthracene, perylene and stilbene, heterocyclic compounds, such as derivatives of oxazole and oxadiazole, as well as metal complex compounds such as tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and porphyrin complexes.
- aromatic compounds such as derivatives of anthracene, perylene and stilbene
- heterocyclic compounds such as derivatives of oxazole and oxadiazole
- metal complex compounds such as tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and porphyrin complexes.
- a certain luminescent color can be produced with a single light-emitting thin layer at a certain operating voltage, the luminescent color being determined primarily by the organic materials used.
- a multicolored light-emitting diode and a structuring of the multicolored light emission are of particular interest for applications in color screens and display elements. Methods for producing such structured light-emitting diodes are known in the prior art.
- J. Kido, M. Kimura and K. Nagai describe the combination of a white light emitter with structured red, green and blue filter elements.
- color conversion materials are used for this purpose, which are based on the property that the emission in organic molecules is shifted towards longer wavelengths compared to the absorption.
- a light-emitting diode with a multi-heterolayer structure consisting of red, green and blue emitters (Z. Shen, PE Burrows, V. Bulovic, SR Forrest, ME Thompson, Science 276, 2009 (1997); G. Parthasarathy, G Gu, SR Forest, Adv. Mater. 11, 907 (1999)).
- a combined red, green and blue emission was also achieved by spatially resolved etching processes (C.C. Wu, J.C. Sturm, R.A. Register; M.E. Thompson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2959 (1996)).
- a known method for generating emission patterns in single-color LEDs (K. Tada, M. Onoda, Thin Solid Films 363, 195 (2000); C. Kocher, A. Montali, P. Smith, C. Weder, Adv. Funct. Mater 11, 31 (2001)) consists in irradiating the organic light-emitting layer in the presence of oxygen with ultraviolet light in a laterally dissolved manner. As a result, components of the organic light-emitting layer are photooxidized and thereby change their emission behavior. Similarly, the optical properties of certain organic light emitting materials are changed by exposure to UV light in the presence of hydrazine.
- the emission of the organic materials is extinguished in a locally structured manner.
- the shift in the emission spectrum that can be achieved is very small.
- Another disadvantage is that the photochemical change in the entire irradiated zones of the active layer of the LED component severely affects the charge transport necessary for the effect as an LED.
- the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages mentioned and has as its object to provide a light-emitting component which can be produced quickly and inexpensively and which does not require a multilayer structure or complex printing techniques in order to achieve locally structured color differences in the emission.
- the light-emitting layer of the component contains at least two organic components which emit in different colors, one of the components being present in excess, and in that the emission of the component or components which are not present in excess compared to the other layer is local defined areas is reduced or completely suppressed due to a radiation chemical process.
- the following processes play a role in the generation of light by a light-emitting layer containing at least two components, the transport of the charge carriers preferably taking place via the excess component (“host”):
- the excitation energy can be transferred from the host to the component (s) (“guest”) that is not in excess and afterwards radiant recombination can occur in the guest system.
- guest component
- radiant recombination can occur in the guest system.
- the spectral distribution of the resulting light is determined by the chemical structure and the morphology of the guest material (s).
- the overall color impression is determined by how large the relative proportions of the emission from the host - as a result of process (i) - and from the guest (guests) - as a result of processes (ii) and (iii).
- the guest material (the guest materials or one of the guest materials) is changed in well-defined areas of the light-emitting layer by radiation-chemical processes in such a way that process (ii) and / or process (iii) are reduced or completely prevented, as a result of which the relative proportion of Emission from the guest or guests is reduced, which leads to a change in the overall color impression.
- the proportion of the emission of the guest material (s) can also be reduced or suppressed if processes (ii) and (iii) are not reduced or prevented, i.e. if after the chemical radiation conversion there can still be energy transfer processes from the host to the guest (to the guests) and a direct emergence of the excited states on the guest molecules is still possible. In this case, however, the ratio between radiating and non-radiating recombination processes is changed according to the invention by a radiation-chemical reaction.
- the light-emitting layer of the component contains conjugated polymers or conjugated oligomers as organic components, selected from the group consisting of poly (para-phenylene vinylene) derivatives, poly (para-phenylene) derivatives and poly (thiophene) derivatives.
- conjugated polymers or conjugated oligomers as organic components, selected from the group consisting of poly (para-phenylene vinylene) derivatives, poly (para-phenylene) derivatives and poly (thiophene) derivatives.
- the light-emitting layer contains a derivative of poly (paraphenylene) as the component (host material) present in excess.
- poly (paraphenylene) include the derivatives of poly (paraphenylene), poly (fluorene) and its derivatives, and bridged poly (phenylene).
- bridged poly (phenylene) types are “ladder-type” poly (paraphenylene) (LPPP) (A. Haugeneder et al., Applied Physics B 66, 389-392 (1998)) and Spiro-6 -paraphenylene (H. Sixl et al., Phys. Bl. 54/3, 225-230, (1998)).
- Derivatives of poly (para-phenylene vinyl) are used as guest molecule (s) in this preferred embodiment.
- the phenylene vinylene derivatives are converted much more efficiently than the poly ( ⁇ araphenylene) derivatives.
- the conjugation in the phenylene vinylene derivatives is reduced, which leads to a significant increase in the energy gap.
- processes (ii) and (iii) are suppressed.
- the component present in excess is a derivative of poly (paraphenylene) and the further organic component or the further organic components are conjugated polymers or conjugated oligomers which contain vinylene units in the main chain.
- a further preferred embodiment is characterized in that the organic component present in excess is a derivative of poly (paraphenylene) and the further organic component or the further organic components are low molecular weight compounds such as dyes or oligomers.
- the derivative of poly (paraphenylene) is a poly (fluorene) derivative or a bridged poly (paraphenylene) derivative.
- the organic components are low molecular weight compounds, such as aromatic compounds, such as derivatives of anthracene, perylene and stilbene, heterocyclic compounds, such as derivatives of oxazole and oxadiazole, and metal-complex compounds, such as tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and porphyrin complexes.
- aromatic compounds such as derivatives of anthracene, perylene and stilbene
- heterocyclic compounds such as derivatives of oxazole and oxadiazole
- metal-complex compounds such as tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and porphyrin complexes.
- the method for producing the light-emitting components according to the invention wherein a first electrode, a light-emitting layer and a second electrode and, if appropriate, one or more additional layers in between are applied to one another on a carrier, is characterized in that the light-emitting layer is applied before the second electrode is applied irradiated in locally defined areas in the presence of a reagent and reacted with radiation chemistry.
- the radiation-chemical reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a gaseous reagent.
- hydrazine or a hydrazine derivative is used as the gaseous reagent.
- the light-emitting layer is irradiated, for example, with ultraviolet light in a wavelength range between 180 nm and 280 nm.
- ultraviolet light in a wavelength range between 180 nm and 280 nm.
- a gaseous thiol ie a compound containing the mercapto group -SH, such as 2-propanethiol
- the light-emitting layer is irradiated, for example, with ultraviolet light in a wavelength range between 180 nm and 280 nm in the presence of a thiol.
- thiols when exposed to light, lead to a preferred implementation of the above-mentioned guest molecules by the so-called thiol-ene photoreaction.
- thiols which have a low vapor pressure and have been added to the light-emitting layer before the start of exposure can also be used for this reaction in the sense of the present invention.
- the so-called thiol-ene photoreaction and the possibilities for catalytically accelerating this reaction are described, for example, by A. Jacobine in the monograph "Radiation Curing in Polymer Science", Vol. HI, Elsevier (London 1993), pp. 219-268.
- the reaction in the presence of a gaseous reagent can be carried out in such a way that the guest host system, that is to say the light-emitting layer, is applied in the form of a film to a substrate and the gaseous reagent is allowed to flow over the surface of the film during the irradiation.
- a film can also be irradiated in a quiescent gas atmosphere.
- the reagent is preferably introduced into the material to be converted by a diffusion process before the start of the irradiation.
- the radiation can be structured either flat or laterally, e.g. Projection lithography.
- Other preferred embodiments include radiation chemical processes in the presence of other reducing reagents, in the presence of oxygen or other oxidizing agents or in the presence of reagents which initiate the desired chemical reactions in the guest molecules by addition or substitution reactions.
- the reagent to be converted by radiation chemistry is introduced into the guest-host system already during the production of the light-emitting layer.
- a liquid alkanethiol such as e.g. Dodecanethiol, which is added to the solution used to prepare the polymer layer.
- the radiation is preferably carried out by means of UV light.
- gamma rays, X-rays and particle radiation such as electron or ion beams, can also be used.
- different locally defined areas of the light-emitting layer are irradiated for different lengths. Due to the different length of time of the radiation chemical reactions, e.g. by varying the UV exposure time, guest-host systems can be changed so that a wide range of emission colors (mixed colors) can be achieved.
- the guest molecules can also be contained in the light-emitting layer, the emission properties of which - depending on the type and degree of radiation-chemical conversion - are changed in different ways depending on the location.
- Another variation is achieved, for example, in that guest molecules with similar chemical reactivity but different emission colors are contained in the guest-host system in different concentrations.
- the individual concentrations of the guest molecules it is possible to largely suppress the light emission of the guest molecule which is present in a lower concentration - with a suitable implementation of the radiation-chemical process - while the emission of the guest component which is present in a higher concentration is still significantly Color impression of the LED element contributes.
- the individual guest components also differ in their reaction speed during the implementation during the radiation-chemical process. In this case too, the color impression of the emission of the component can be changed within certain limits by varying the duration of the radiation-chemical process.
- the aforementioned embodiments of the present invention make it possible to implement multicolor display elements (LEDs) and display elements with mixed colors.
- LEDs multicolor display elements
- the described embodiments to specifically change the emission color determined by a suitable combination of the organic components of the component by means of the radiation chemical process and to adapt it for the respective intended use.
- ITO indium / tin oxide
- PSS poly (styrene sulfonic acid)
- the PEDOT layer 3 is optional and can also be missing in the structure.
- the next stage in the construction is a light-emitting polymer layer 4, on which an electrode 5 made of calcium and aluminum is applied, which acts as the cathode of the external voltage supply.
- additional layers can optionally be applied one above the other, for example charge transport layers or layers which bring about a directional emission of the light.
- polyfluorene has the role of the excess component (host material) and the MEH-PPV the role of the excess component (guest material).
- a glass substrate (1.5 cm x 1.5 cm), which had a 9 mm wide indium tin oxide (ITO) strip on the surface, was etched in the oxygen plasma.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- PEDOT poly (dioxyethylene thienylene)
- PSS poly (styrene sulfonic acid)
- the PEDOT doped with PSS was obtained under the trade name Baytron P from Bayer AG (Germany).
- the sample was placed in a steel vessel made of corrosion-resistant steel, which allowed UV exposure of the sample through a quartz window.
- the basic structure of the steel vessel (in cross section) is shown in Fig. 2.
- the steel vessel is constructed from a base area 6, which can optionally be thermostatted, side walls 7 and a screw-on cover 8 with a quartz window 9 embedded therein and a circumferential seal 10.
- the sample chamber 11 which is flushed with gas via an inlet nozzle 12 and an outlet nozzle 13, the sample 14 to be irradiated is positioned with the aid of a mounting device 15 such that it can be irradiated through the quartz window 9.
- Shadow or perforated masks 16 which can optionally be used can be suitably attached, for example, in the positions shown.
- the steel vessel was first flushed with pure nitrogen for about 15 minutes in order to displace the atmospheric air present in the steel vessel.
- the distance between the lamp and the sample surface was 12 cm.
- the UV exposure was carried out in such a way that part of the sample surface was covered by a shadow mask.
- the purging with the nitrogen / hydrazine mixture was continued during the exposure.
- the steel vessel was flushed with pure nitrogen for a further 15 minutes after the exposure had ended.
- the sample was then removed from the steel vessel and dried for 5 hours at 70 ° C. in a high vacuum (10 "5 mbar).
- a flat, calcium-containing thin layer was first evaporated from a source containing metallic calcium onto the top of the sample at a base pressure of 3 ⁇ 10 6 mbar.
- aluminum was made flat on the calcium-containing thin layer
- the evaporated contact area was contacted with conductive silver in such a way that no conductive connection to the ITO layer occurred.
- the ITO strip was mechanically exposed at both ends of the sample and also contacted with conductive silver. The contacted sample was then introduced into an argon atmosphere, to prevent the entry of atmospheric oxygen and moisture.
- the ITO layer was poled as the anode and the calcium aluminum electrode as the cathode.
- the onset voltage is understood to mean the electrical DC voltage above which light emission can be determined using a suitable, commercially available photodiode.
- Example 2
- polyfluorene has the role of the excess component (host material) and the MEH-PPV the role of the excess component (guest material).
- a glass substrate (1.5 cm x 1.5 cm), which had a 9 mm wide indium tin oxide (ITO) strip on the surface, was etched in the oxygen plasma.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- PEDOT poly (dioxyethylene thienylene)
- PSS poly (styrenesulfonic acid)
- the sample was placed in a steel vessel made of corrosion-resistant steel, which allowed the sample to be exposed to UV light through a quartz window (see FIG. 2).
- the steel vessel was first flushed with pure nitrogen for about 15 minutes in order to displace the atmospheric air present in the steel vessel.
- gaseous nitrogen was passed through a glass vessel thermostatted to 70 ° C, in which dewatered Hydrazine was headed.
- the dewatered hydrazine had previously been prepared from commercially available hydrazine hydrate according to the instructions of H. Bock and G. Rudolph (Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 311, 117 (1962)).
- the nitrogen stream thus loaded with hydrazine was passed for 15 minutes through the steel vessel which had previously been purged with pure nitrogen.
- the UV exposure was carried out with the aid of shadow masks such that one area of the sample surface was exposed for 5 seconds, another area was exposed for 20 seconds and another area was exposed to the UV exposure for 40 seconds. Another area of the sample surface was covered by an aperture and remained completely unexposed. Flushing with the nitrogen / hydrazine mixture was continued during the UN exposure. The steel vessel was flushed with pure nitrogen for a further 15 minutes after the exposure had ended. The sample was then removed from the steel vessel and dried for 5 hours at 70 ° C. in a high vacuum (10 "5 mbar).
- a flat, calcium-containing thin layer was first vapor-deposited on the top of the sample at a base pressure of 3 ⁇ 10 6 mbar from a source containing metallic calcium.
- aluminum was vapor-deposited onto the calcium-containing thin layer ,
- the evaporation was carried out through perforated masks, which were structured in such a way that several separate contact surfaces of approx. 7 mm x 5 mm were formed on the sample surface.
- the positions of the contact areas were chosen so that a separate contact area was available for each of the differently long UN-exposed areas of the sample.
- the vapor-deposited contact areas were contacted with conductive silver in such a way that no conductive connection to the ITO layer occurred. Furthermore, the ITO strip was mechanically exposed at both ends of the sample and also contacted with conductive silver. The contacted sample was then placed in an argon atmosphere to prevent the entry of atmospheric oxygen and moisture.
- the non-UV-exposed area emitted yellow-orange Light, the area illuminated for 5 sec. Yellow-green light, the area illuminated for 20 sec. Pale blue light and the area illuminated for 40 sec. Blue light.
- ADSBE129 poly (9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7'-diyl)
- ADSGE108 poly ⁇ (9,9-dioctyl-2,7-divinylenefluorenylene) -alt-co- (2-methoxy- 5- (2-ethylhexyloxy) -l, 4-phenylene) ⁇ ] and
- ADSRE111 Poly ⁇ (9,9-dihexyl-2,7-bis (l-cyanovinylene) fluorenylene) -alt-co- (2,5-bis (N, N-diphenylamino) - 1,4-phenylene) ⁇ ] ,
- the polymers were 3 hours in high vacuum (10 "5 mbar) at 70 ° C dried.
- concentration of ADSBE129 were prepared in toluene under argon atmosphere.
- the concentration of ADSGE108 was 5 g per Liters of toluene
- the concentration of ADSRE111 was 4 g per liter of toluene.
- a mixture was prepared from these solutions so that ADSBE129 to ADSGE108 to ADSRE11 were contained in a weight ratio of 80 to 15 to 5. After additional dilution with toluene, the total concentration of the polymers was 7 g per liter of toluene. This mixture was heated to 70 ° C. for one hour and simultaneously stirred with a stirring magnet coated with poly (tetrafluoroethylene) and a magnetic stirrer at 150 revolutions per minute.
- the ADSBE129 has the role of the host material and ADSGE108 and ADSRE11 the role of the guest materials.
- a glass substrate (1.5 cm x 1.5 cm), which had a 9 mm wide indium tin oxide (ITO) strip on the surface, was etched in the oxygen plasma.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- a layer of poly (dioxyethylene thienylene) (PEDOT), doped with poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS), was then applied in a layer thickness ⁇ 100 nm by spin coating ( spin coating) using a commercially available paint spinner in an air atmosphere.
- PEDOT doped with PSS was obtained under the trade name Baytron P from Bayer AG (Germany).
- the sample was placed in a steel vessel made of corrosion-resistant steel, which allowed the sample to be exposed to UV light through a quartz window (see FIG. 2).
- the steel vessel was first flushed with pure nitrogen for 15 minutes in order to displace the atmospheric air present in the steel vessel.
- gaseous nitrogen was passed through a glass vessel thermostatted at 70 ° C, in which dewatered hydrazine was located.
- the dewatered hydrazine had previously been prepared from commercially available hydrazine hydrate according to the instructions of H. Bock and G. Rudolph (Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 311, 117 (1962)).
- the sample resting in the steel vessel under a nitrogen / hydrazine atmosphere was exposed to an unfiltered high-pressure mercury lamp (Heraeus Q1023). Individual areas of the surface were exposed for 20 seconds and individual areas for 90 seconds using shadow masks. The rest of the sample was not exposed. The distance between the lamp and the sample surface was 12 cm. The purging with the nitrogen-hydrazine mixture was continued during the exposure. The temperature in the steel chamber was 25 ° C.
- the steel vessel was flushed with pure nitrogen for a further 15 minutes after the exposure had ended.
- the sample was then removed from the steel vessel and dried for 5 hours at 70 ° C. in a high vacuum at 10 "5 mbar.
- a flat, calcium-containing thin layer was first evaporated from a source containing metallic calcium onto the top of the sample at a base pressure of 3 ⁇ 10 6 mbar.
- aluminum was coated onto the thin layer containing calcium evaporated.
- the evaporation was carried out through perforated masks, which were structured in such a way that several separate contact surfaces of approx. 7 mm x 5 mm were formed on the sample surface.
- the positions of the contact areas were chosen so that a separate contact area was available for each of the differently long UV-exposed areas of the sample.
- the vapor-deposited contact areas were contacted with conductive silver in such a way that no conductive connection to the ITO layer occurred.
- the ITO strip was mechanically exposed at both ends of the sample and also contacted with conductive silver. The contacted sample was then placed in an argon atmosphere to prevent the entry of atmospheric oxygen and moisture.
- ADSBE129 poly (9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7'-diyl)]
- MEHPPV poly (2-methoxy-5- (2-ethylhexyloxy) - 1,4-phenylene vinylene
- the polymers were dried under high vacuum (10 "5 mbar) for 3 hours at 70 ° C. Solutions of the dried polymers were prepared in chloroform under an argon atmosphere. The concentration of ADSBE129 was 5 g per liter of chloroform, the concentration of MEHPPV was 5 g per Liters of chloroform.
- a mixture was prepared from these solutions so that ADSBE129 to MEHPPV was contained in a weight ratio of 99 to 1. This mixture was stirred with a stirring magnet coated with poly (tetrafluoroethylene) and a magnetic stirrer at 150 revolutions per minute for at least one hour.
- the ADSBE129 has the role of the host material and MEHPPV the role of the guest material.
- a glass substrate (1.5 cm x 1.5 cm), which had a 9 mm wide dium tin oxide (ITO) strip on the surface, was etched in the oxygen plasma.
- ITO dium tin oxide
- a layer of poly (dioxyethylene thienylene) (PEDOT), doped with poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS), was then applied in a layer thickness ⁇ 100 nm by spin coating ( spin coating) using a commercially available paint spinner in an air atmosphere.
- PEDOT doped with PSS was obtained under the trade name Baytron P from Bayer AG (Germany).
- the sample was placed in a steel barrel made of corrosion-resistant steel, which allowed the sample to be exposed to UV light through a quartz window (see FIG. 2).
- the steel vessel was first flushed with pure nitrogen for 15 minutes in order to displace the atmospheric air present in the steel vessel.
- a stream of nitrogen was then passed first through a glass vessel containing liquid 2-propanethiol and then through the steel vessel described above in order to expose the sample resting in the steel vessel to an atmosphere containing nitrogen and gaseous 2-propanethiol.
- the sample resting in the steel vessel under this atmosphere (containing nitrogen and gaseous 2-propanethiol) was exposed with an unfiltered high-pressure mercury lamp (Heraeus Q1023, 1300 W). Individual areas of the surface were exposed for 20 seconds using shadow masks. The rest of the sample was not exposed. The distance between the lamp and the sample surface was 12 cm. During the exposure, purging with the nitrogen / 2-propanethiol mixture was continued. The temperature in the steel chamber was 25 ° C.
- the steel vessel was flushed with pure nitrogen for a further 15 minutes after the exposure had ended.
- the sample was then removed from the steel vessel and dried for 5 hours at 70 ° C. in a high vacuum at 10 "5 mbar.
- a flat, calcium-containing thin layer was first vapor-deposited on the top of the sample at a base pressure of 3x10 "6 mbar from a source containing metallic calcium.
- aluminum was made flat on the calcium-containing thin layer evaporated.
- the need was applied through perforated masks, which were structured in such a way that several separate contact areas, approximately 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm in size, overlapped with the ITO layer, formed on the sample surface.
- the positions of the contact areas were chosen so that at least one contact area was available for each of the sample areas exposed to UV for different lengths.
- the vapor-deposited contact areas were contacted with conductive silver in such a way that no conductive connection to the ITO layer occurred.
- the ITO strip was mechanically exposed at both ends of the sample and also contacted with conductive silver. The contacted sample was then placed in an argon atmosphere to prevent the entry of atmospheric oxygen and moisture.
- ADSBE129 poly (9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7'-diyI)]
- MEHPPV poly (2-methoxy-5- (2-ethylhexyloxy) - 1,4-phenylene vinylene
- the polymers were dried at 70 ° C. in a high vacuum (10-5 mbar) for 3 hours. Solutions of chloroform were prepared from the dried polymers under an argon atmosphere. The concentration of ADSBE129 was 5 g per liter of chloroform, the concentration of MEHPPV was 5 g per liter of chloroform.
- a mixture was prepared from these solutions so that ADSBE129 to MEHPPV was contained in a weight ratio of 99 to 1.
- This mixture was stirred with a stirring magnet coated with poly (tetrafluoroethylene) and a magnetic stirrer at 150 revolutions per minute for at least one hour.
- the ADSBE129 has the role of the host material and MEHPPV the role of the guest material.
- a glass substrate (1.5 cm x 1.5 cm), which had a 9 mm wide indium tin oxide (ITO) strip on the surface, was etched in the oxygen plasma.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- PEDOT poly (dioxyethylene thienylene)
- PSS poly (styrenesulfonic acid)
- the PED-doped PEDOT was obtained under the trade name Baytron P from Bayer AG (Germany).
- the sample was placed in a steel vessel made of corrosion-resistant steel, which allowed the sample to be exposed to UV light through a quartz window (see FIG. 2).
- the steel vessel was first flushed with pure nitrogen for 15 minutes in order to displace the atmospheric air present in the steel vessel. During the spin coating as well as when flushing with nitrogen, care was taken to ensure that the ratio between MEHPPV and dodecanethiol set in the common solution of ADSBE129, MEHPPV and dodecanethiol was not changed significantly.
- the steel vessel was flushed with pure nitrogen for a further 15 minutes after the exposure had ended.
- the sample was then removed from the steel vessel and dried for 5 hours at 70 ° C. in a high vacuum at 10 "5 mbar.
- a flat, calcium-containing thin layer was first vapor-deposited on the top of the sample at a base pressure of 3x10 "6 mbar from a source containing metallic calcium.
- aluminum was made flat on the calcium-containing thin layer evaporated.
- the evaporation was carried out through perforated masks, which were structured in such a way that several separate contact areas, approx. 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm in size, overlapped with the ITO layer were formed on the sample surface.
- the positions of the contact areas were chosen so that at least one contact area was available for each of the sample's UV-exposed areas of different lengths.
- the vapor-deposited contact areas were contacted with conductive silver in such a way that no conductive connection to the ITO layer occurred.
- the ITO strip was mechanically exposed at both ends of the sample and also contacted with conductive silver. The contacted sample was then placed in an argon atmosphere to prevent the entry of atmospheric oxygen and moisture.
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Abstract
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JP2004508425A JP2005531106A (ja) | 2002-05-29 | 2003-05-28 | 発行部品 |
AU2003232914A AU2003232914A1 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2003-05-28 | Light-emitting component |
US11/000,135 US20050184660A1 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2004-11-30 | Light-emitting component |
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ATA827/2002 | 2002-05-29 | ||
AT0082702A AT413925B (de) | 2002-05-29 | 2002-05-29 | Lichtemittierendes bauelement |
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US11/000,135 Continuation US20050184660A1 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2004-11-30 | Light-emitting component |
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WO2003100879A3 WO2003100879A3 (de) | 2004-05-13 |
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AT (1) | AT413925B (de) |
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WO2007148140A1 (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2007-12-27 | National Center For Scientific Research (Nscr) Demokritos | Tuning the emission color of single layer, patterned full color organic light emitting diodes |
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JP5899635B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-23 | 2016-04-06 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有機el素子 |
JP5412548B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-18 | 2014-02-12 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 有機el表示装置及び有機el表示装置の製造方法 |
Citations (1)
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EP0903965A1 (de) * | 1996-05-15 | 1999-03-24 | Chemipro Kasei Kaisha, Limited | Mehrfarbiges organisches el element, verfahren zur herstellung desselben und anzeige unter verwendung desselben |
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US6784322B2 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2004-08-31 | Honeywell International Inc. | Oligomeric and polymeric OLED materials produced via arylation of quinones |
WO2002011209A2 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-02-07 | Emagin Corporation | Method of patterning color changing media for organic light emitting diode display devices |
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2002
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2003
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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KAVC T ET AL: 'Reductive photopatterning of phenylene-vinylene-based polymers' MATER. RES. SOC. PROCEEDINGS VOL.707, 2002, SELF-ASSEMBLY PROCESSES IN MATERIALS. SYMPOSIUM, BOSTON, MA, USA, 26-30 NOV. 2001 2002, WARRENDALE, PA, USA, MATER. RES. SOC, USA, Seiten 55 - 60, XP008028723 ISBN: 1-55899-643-5 * |
SHIRAI S ET AL: 'Fabrication of multi color polymer EL devices using the photo-bleaching method' J. PHOTOPOLYM. SCI. TECHNOL. (JAPAN), JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2001, TECH. ASSOC. PHOTOPOLYMERS, JAPAN Bd. 14, Nr. 2, 2001, Seiten 317 - 322, XP008028741 ISSN: 0914-9244 * |
TADA K ET AL: "PHOTOINDUCED MODIFICATION OF PHOTOLUMINESCENT AND ELECTROLUMINESCENT PROPERTIES IN POLY(P-PHENYLENE VINYLENE) DERIVATIVE" JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS. NEW YORK, US, Bd. 86, Nr. 6, 15. September 1999 (1999-09-15), Seiten 3134-3139, XP000934935 ISSN: 0021-8979 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007148140A1 (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2007-12-27 | National Center For Scientific Research (Nscr) Demokritos | Tuning the emission color of single layer, patterned full color organic light emitting diodes |
GR20060100359A (el) * | 2006-06-19 | 2008-02-05 | ������ ������� ������� ��������� (�.�.�.�.�.) "����������" | Τροποποιηση του χρωματος εκπομπης οργανικων διοδων εκπομπης φωτος πληρους χρωματος βασιζομενων σε σχηματοποιημενο μονης διαστρωματωσης υμενιο εκπομπης |
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JP2005531106A (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
AU2003232914A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
AT413925B (de) | 2006-07-15 |
ATA8272002A (de) | 2005-10-15 |
WO2003100879A3 (de) | 2004-05-13 |
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