WO2003100107A1 - Procede d'elaboration et de mise en forme de pieces en fonte a graphite spheroidal a caracteristiques mecaniques elevees - Google Patents
Procede d'elaboration et de mise en forme de pieces en fonte a graphite spheroidal a caracteristiques mecaniques elevees Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003100107A1 WO2003100107A1 PCT/FR2003/001427 FR0301427W WO03100107A1 WO 2003100107 A1 WO2003100107 A1 WO 2003100107A1 FR 0301427 W FR0301427 W FR 0301427W WO 03100107 A1 WO03100107 A1 WO 03100107A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- blank
- bainitic
- content
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for developing and shaping spheroidal graphite cast iron parts with high mechanical characteristics and the cast iron as obtained by the implementation of the process.
- the invention relates to a method of developing and shaping parts of high tenacity spheroidal graphite cast iron, that is to say of high mechanical strength.
- high toughness it is typically understood to mean cast irons having a tensile strength which is established between 1000 and 1700 Mpa, a yield strength to tensile strength ratio Rp0.2 / Rm> 0.68 and an elongation at break which is between about 4% and 14%.
- the evolution of certain techniques requires the availability of cast irons or more generally of materials with high characteristics capable of withstanding increasingly high mechanical stresses. This is particularly the case in the automotive industry with the increase in the performance of motor vehicle engines which itself increases the level of stress on the various components of the mechanical components. Many grades of cast iron are currently available for these mechanical applications.
- the invention relates to a process for developing and shaping spheroidal graphite cast iron parts with high mechanical characteristics, which is characterized in that it comprises the following stages: a) A mixture is prepared with the liquid state having the following composition by weight: 3 to 4% of C; 1.7 to 3% Si; 0.1 to 0.7% of Mn; 0 to 4% Ni; 0 to 1.5% Cu; 0 to 0.5% of Mo, with a residual Mg content adapted to the thickness of the parts of between 0.025% and 0.080%, the rest being iron and impurities resulting from the production; the impurities are in particular the S whose content is less than 0.015% and the P whose content is less than 0.10%; b) This mixture is poured in the liquid state at a temperature between 1350 ° C and 1550 ° C in a mold making it possible to obtain an approximate shape of the part called the blank of the part; c) extracting said blank from the mold part at a temperature Ts between the solidus and AR3, the solidus
- the term "quenching” or "stepped bainitic quenching” is used, here and throughout the following, in the broad sense, that is to say that it is a sufficiently rapid cooling to obtain a structure which n is practically not ferritic-pearlitic and which is practically not martensitic either.
- the bainitic quenching or stepped quenching is intended to give the part an essentially bainitic structure, that is to say made up of more than 50% of bainite.
- the cooling rate corresponding to the bainitic stepped quenching is between 15 ° C / sec and 150 ° C / sec.
- Ts the successive stages necessary for the production of the cast iron part from the casting stage to the cooling stage of the part at room temperature, are carried out in the hot melt, that is to say without intermediate heating between said steps.
- These two embodiments of the method of the invention without intermediate reheating between the successive stages necessary for the production of the cast iron part are particularly effective in terms of energy consumed compared to the conventional methods of shaping and heat treatment. They are therefore particularly economical for producing spheroidal graphite cast iron with high mechanical characteristics.
- step c) and step d) there is a practice, between step c) and step d), that is to say between the exit from the blank of the mold and the shaping by hot plastic deformation thereof, a complementary step where the blank is kept at a temperature Tm higher than the forging temperature Tf from 20 ° C to 50 ° C for a period of between 10 min and 60 min so as to ensuring temperature uniformity inside the blank, this when the outlet temperature Ts of the mold blank is higher than the temperature Tf desired for forging; or when the outlet temperature Ts of the blank of the mold is lower than the temperature Tf desired for forging, the blank is heated and maintained at the temperature Tm higher by 20 ° C to 50 ° C than the forging temperature Tf for a period of between 10 min and 60 min.
- step e) intended to carry out a direct bainitic stepped quenching is replaced by one of the following two treatments:
- the part is cooled down to the intercritical range at a temperature Tir between AR1 + 20 ° C and AR3, it is maintained at this temperature Tir for a period of between 15 min and 60 min to allow homogenization of the structure and a bainitic stepped quenching is carried out at a temperature Tb situated in the bainitic domain and the part is kept at the temperature Tb for a duration tb;
- the part is allowed to cool below the temperature AR1, then the part is heated and it is maintained at a temperature Tic between AC1 + 20 ° C and AC3, that is to say in the intercritical domain of the composition of the cast iron for a period of between 30 min and 180 min to allow homogenization of the structure and a bainitic stepped quenching is carried out at a temperature Tb located in the bainitic domain and the part is kept at the temperature Tb for a duration tb.
- AR1, AR3, AC1, AC3 representing the limits of the critical interval, also called intercritical domain, of said composition measured respectively on cooling (index R) and on heating (index C);
- the Tic or Fire temperature for maintaining in the intercritical domain or critical interval being between 740 ° C. and 850 ° C., depending on the composition of cast iron considered.
- Treatment 2 which is less energy efficient than treatment 1) is however preferable because it allows easier adjustment of the structure of the cast iron in terms of ferrite and austenite levels before the bainitic stepped quenching.
- This embodiment of the invention with treatment in the intercritical field prior to the bainitic stepped quenching makes it possible to reduce the hardness obtained on the parts and thus makes it possible to facilitate their subsequent machining, when this is the case; it also promotes a very high toughness of the material by the presence of a higher proportion of ferrite in the structure obtained on the cast iron after bainitic stepped quenching.
- step e) consisting in carrying out a bainitic stepped quenching is preceded by a maintenance treatment at a temperature between 950 ° c and 900 ° c for a period between 15 min and 60 min intended to homogenize the different parts of the part in temperature and therefore in chemical composition before the following bainitic steep quenching treatment.
- an additional step of cold calibration of the part is added after step f) of cooling to room temperature of the part, which is carried out between at least two dies to the shapes of the finished part to improve the dimensional accuracy of the latter and to increase the mechanical characteristics and the fatigue strength of the material of the part by surface hardening; prior to this cold calibration operation, a shot peening is carried out which is used to remove the scale and to generate compressive stresses on the surface making it possible to further strengthen the work hardening effect due to the calibration.
- the process for developing and shaping spheroidal graphite cast iron parts according to the invention in its various embodiments makes it possible to obtain a cast iron whose structure can be essentially bainitic or present a structure made up of two varieties of ferrite : ferrite I and ferrite II and austenite, ferrite I being that which results from the stay in the critical interval at temperature Tir or Tic and ferrite II that resulting from treatment in the bainitic domain at temperature Tb, and whose mechanical characteristics at 20 ° C are typically a tensile strength Rm of between 1000 MPa and 1700 MPa, a yield strength to tensile strength ratio: Rp0.2 / Rm greater than 0.68, a coefficient of elongation at break between 4% and 14%.
- the Tic or Fire temperature for maintaining in the intercritical range or critical interval is between 740 ° and 850 ° C., depending on the composition of cast iron considered.
- the term “hot plastic deformation” designates in all of the above and in all that follows a deformation, the rate of which is generally in the range 2% to 60%.
- the best results obtained for a good resistance-toughness compromise correspond to hot plastic deformation rates of between 20% and 50% depending on the forging temperatures used between 1050 ° C and AR3 of the cast iron, because above 50% a significant deformation of the graphite nodules is observed which is detrimental to the mechanical characteristics.
- the deformation rates indicated here are defined as being the difference between the initial thickness of the part section subjected to crushing forging and the final thickness of the latter after forging, relative to the initial thickness of said part section and multiplied by 100 to express the result in percent.
- hot plastic deformation or the term “forging” designates in all of the above and in everything that mainly follows a stamping operation at a temperature higher than AC3 or AR3 of the said composition of the cast iron, but designates also other hot plastic deformation modes carried out at a temperature higher than AC3 or AR3 of said composition of the cast iron such as free forging, stamping, rolling, hydroforming or others.
- the blank of the molded part which is an approximate shape of the part, has at least one of these dimensions greater than that of the part itself for allow said plastic deformation to be hot.
- the mold used for the casting of the part blank is a permanent mold made up of at least two half metal parts coated with a coating, however the mold can also be semi-permanent in sand made up of at least two shell mold parts in sand placed in a metallic mold or also be a non-permanent mold in chemical sand or green-silica-clay sand.
- the blank of the part In the case of the use of sand molds, the blank of the part must be hot brushed or hot sandblasted to get rid of the adhering grains of sand, before the forging operation.
- the bainitic stepped quenching temperature Tb is between 260 ° C and 420 ° C.
- this temperature Tb is chosen between 260 ° C and 300 ° C when a high Rp0.2 / Rm ratio is sought with a high tensile strength Rm also; conversely, when a tensile strength Rm close to 1000 MPa or 1100 MPa is sought, Tb is then chosen greater than 300 ° C.
- the duration tb of maintaining at temperature Tb of bainitic staged quenching should preferably be between 60 min and 180 min.
- the invention therefore also relates to a spheroidal graphite cast iron with high mechanical characteristics developed and shaped according to the method of the invention, the structure of which is essentially bainitic and the mechanical characteristics of which at 20 ° C. are:
- the invention relates to a spheroidal graphite cast iron with high mechanical characteristics developed and shaped according to the method of the invention, the structure of which is composed of two varieties of ferrite: ferrite I and ferrite II, and austenite, the ferrite I being that which results from the stay in the critical interval at temperature Tir or Tic and ferrite II being that which results from treatment in the bainitic domain at temperature Tb, and whose mechanical characteristics at 20 ° c are :
- the present invention is particularly suitable, without being restrictive, for the manufacture of mechanical parts of an automobile engine such as connecting rods for example or other moving parts of the engine.
- the rods in spheroidal graphite cast iron with high mechanical characteristics developed and shaped according to the process of the invention can allow better energy efficiency at engine and therefore a gain in fuel consumption of the latter.
- these different cast irons marked 1 to 4 were developed, here in an electric induction furnace, treated with ferro-silico-magnesium and were poured between 1460 ° c and 1500 ° c in a metal mold regulated at 280 ° C and coated with a protective coating.
- the blanks of test pieces were extracted from the mold at a temperature which always remained included during the tests between 1000 ° C. and 980 ° C. and placed immediately in a fluidized bed bath of silica sand regulated at a temperature of 980 ° C so as to ensure the same forging temperature for each blank.
- the blanks were removed one after the other every 10 sec. approximately and were shaped by hot plastic deformation by stamping between 2 dies comprising the hollow shape of the test piece. Each blank was thus plastically deformed at a temperature between 960 ° C and 940 ° C by stamping to bring the final section of each test piece to 20mm x 10mm.
- each test piece underwent a press deburring operation and was immediately placed in a fluidized bed bath of zircon sand regulated at a temperature of 300 ° C. and of a volume large enough to guarantee a variation in temperature. fluidized bed below 5 ° C during the immersion of the different test pieces every 10 seconds approximately.
- Each test piece thus underwent a bainitic stepped quenching at the temperature of 300 ° C. and was maintained at this temperature in the fluidized bed for a period of 110 min at the end of which each test piece was removed from the fluidized bed bath and allowed to cool to air up to room temperature according to the invention.
- test pieces were immediately placed in a fluidized bed regulated at the Tic temperature of 810 ° C, located in the intercritical range and between Acl + 20 ° C and AC3 for a duration of 60 min at the end of which the test pieces were soaked in the bainitic domain in the fluidized bed regulated at the temperature Tb of 300 ° C. and maintained at this temperature for a duration of 110 min, in accordance with the test previous and strictly under the same conditions.
- the test pieces were removed from the fluidity bed bath and allowed to cool in air to room temperature, in accordance with the invention.
- the table in Figure 2 shows the results obtained. This table shows that the expected mechanical characteristics are effectively obtained, that is to say:
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/514,378 US20060037675A1 (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2003-05-09 | Method for production and forming of cast pieces of spheroidal graphite with improved mechanical properties |
AU2003255565A AU2003255565A1 (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2003-05-09 | Method for production and forming of cast pieces of spheroidal graphite with improved mechanical properties |
EP03755161A EP1504132A1 (fr) | 2002-05-14 | 2003-05-09 | Procede d elaboration et de mise en forme de pieces en fonte a graphite spheroidal a caracteristiques mecaniques elevees |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0205889A FR2839727B1 (fr) | 2002-05-14 | 2002-05-14 | Procede d'elaboration et de mise en forme de pieces en fonte a graphite spheroidal a caracteristiques mecaniques elevees |
FR02/05889 | 2002-05-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003100107A1 true WO2003100107A1 (fr) | 2003-12-04 |
Family
ID=29286456
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2003/001427 WO2003100107A1 (fr) | 2002-05-14 | 2003-05-09 | Procede d'elaboration et de mise en forme de pieces en fonte a graphite spheroidal a caracteristiques mecaniques elevees |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060037675A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1504132A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN100378240C (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003255565A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2839727B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003100107A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN100363668C (zh) * | 2004-08-20 | 2008-01-23 | 赫尔穆特巴尔兹股份有限公司 | 调节配件 |
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FR2866351B1 (fr) * | 2004-02-12 | 2006-04-28 | Technologica Sarl | Procede de fabrication de pieces en fonte a graphite spheroidal de grande precision geometrique et dimensionnelle et a caracteristiques mecaniques ameliorees |
CN100337770C (zh) * | 2005-12-29 | 2007-09-19 | 江阴市吉鑫机械有限公司 | 铸态无Ni低温球铁铸造大型高韧部件的方法 |
EP2274818A1 (fr) * | 2008-04-07 | 2011-01-19 | Energiestro | Dispositif de stockage d énergie muni d un volant |
FR2936173B1 (fr) * | 2008-09-22 | 2012-09-21 | Snecma | Procede pour la fabrication d'une piece en titane avec forgeage initial dans le domaine beta |
DE102009004562B4 (de) * | 2009-01-14 | 2015-06-03 | Shw Casting Technologies Gmbh | Walzenkörper für eine Walze zur Behandlung eines Materials und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Walzenkörpers |
DE102010027179B3 (de) * | 2010-07-14 | 2011-11-10 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Verfahren und Fertigungsanlage zur Herstellung von Kraftfahrzeugbauteilen |
SE1100523A1 (sv) * | 2011-07-06 | 2013-01-02 | Gestamp Hardtech Ab | Sätt att varmforma och härda ett tunnplåtsämne |
RU2500830C1 (ru) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Чугун |
RU2500828C1 (ru) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Чугун |
CN103194663B (zh) * | 2013-03-07 | 2016-01-13 | 宁波大榭信易电热有限公司 | 一种改进的粉碎机刀架及其生产方法 |
RU2511213C1 (ru) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-04-10 | Открытое акционерное общество Научно-производственное объединение "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт технологии машиностроения" ОАО НПО "ЦНИИТМАШ") | Износостойкий чугун с шаровидным графитом |
JP5506973B1 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-05-28 | 日立造船株式会社 | 球状黒鉛鋳鉄およびその製造方法 |
CN103757517A (zh) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-30 | 宁夏共享集团有限责任公司 | 一种铸态铁素体基球墨铸铁qt500-14的生产方法 |
WO2015114210A1 (fr) | 2014-01-28 | 2015-08-06 | Wärtsilä Finland Oy | Fonte a graphite sphéroïde pour culasses et son procédé de fabrication |
CN104789853A (zh) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-07-22 | 天津虹冈铸钢有限公司 | 一种新型模具铸造球铁及其熔铸处理方法 |
CN104988382B (zh) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-09-19 | 中国北车集团大连机车车辆有限公司 | 具有超低温高冲击韧性的球墨铸铁齿轮箱及其制造方法 |
CN106676235A (zh) * | 2015-11-09 | 2017-05-17 | 北京环磨科技有限公司 | 一种磨机用cadi磨球的加工方法 |
CN105886892B (zh) * | 2016-06-27 | 2017-08-29 | 含山县兴达球墨铸铁厂 | 曲轴用墨铸铁的制备方法 |
CN109531283B (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-01-24 | 成都市联余精密机械有限公司 | 一种便于高速机pet产品脱离模具型芯表面的喷丸工艺 |
CN109852886B (zh) * | 2019-03-25 | 2024-05-14 | 山东速达新能源科技有限公司 | 一种高强度高韧性的球墨铸铁、曲轴及其制备方法 |
CN111206182B (zh) * | 2020-02-22 | 2021-06-11 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | 一种模具用低合金球墨铸铁的制备方法 |
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US4448610A (en) * | 1982-03-01 | 1984-05-15 | Pont-A-Mousson S.A. | Centrifugally cast tube of spheroidal graphite cast-iron and its method of manufacture |
EP0144907A2 (fr) * | 1983-12-05 | 1985-06-19 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Procédé pour la fabrication de pièces de fonte à graphite sphéroidal par trempe bainitique |
US4838956A (en) * | 1987-04-16 | 1989-06-13 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Method of producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron |
FR2712606A1 (fr) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-05-24 | Tech Ind Fonderie Centre | Procédé d'élaboration d'une charge de fonte à graphite sphéroïdal à caractéristiques mécaniques élevées. |
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JP2002332960A (ja) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-11-22 | Toyota Industries Corp | シューの製造方法 |
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2002
- 2002-05-14 FR FR0205889A patent/FR2839727B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-05-09 EP EP03755161A patent/EP1504132A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-05-09 US US10/514,378 patent/US20060037675A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-09 WO PCT/FR2003/001427 patent/WO2003100107A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-05-09 AU AU2003255565A patent/AU2003255565A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-09 CN CNB038110601A patent/CN100378240C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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GB666265A (en) * | 1948-03-20 | 1952-02-06 | Timken Roller Bearing Co | Improvements in or relating to alloy steel |
GB697743A (en) * | 1950-01-10 | 1953-09-30 | Electric Furnace Prod Co | Improvements in and relating to cast iron articles |
GB2079315A (en) * | 1980-07-01 | 1982-01-20 | Creusot Loire | Ferritic spheroidal-graphite iron for casting thick sections without segregation |
US4448610A (en) * | 1982-03-01 | 1984-05-15 | Pont-A-Mousson S.A. | Centrifugally cast tube of spheroidal graphite cast-iron and its method of manufacture |
EP0144907A2 (fr) * | 1983-12-05 | 1985-06-19 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Procédé pour la fabrication de pièces de fonte à graphite sphéroidal par trempe bainitique |
US4838956A (en) * | 1987-04-16 | 1989-06-13 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Method of producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron |
FR2712606A1 (fr) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-05-24 | Tech Ind Fonderie Centre | Procédé d'élaboration d'une charge de fonte à graphite sphéroïdal à caractéristiques mécaniques élevées. |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100363668C (zh) * | 2004-08-20 | 2008-01-23 | 赫尔穆特巴尔兹股份有限公司 | 调节配件 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1653201A (zh) | 2005-08-10 |
FR2839727A1 (fr) | 2003-11-21 |
EP1504132A1 (fr) | 2005-02-09 |
US20060037675A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
FR2839727B1 (fr) | 2004-06-25 |
AU2003255565A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
AU2003255565A8 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
CN100378240C (zh) | 2008-04-02 |
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