WO2003098128A1 - Kältemaschine - Google Patents
Kältemaschine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003098128A1 WO2003098128A1 PCT/EP2003/005295 EP0305295W WO03098128A1 WO 2003098128 A1 WO2003098128 A1 WO 2003098128A1 EP 0305295 W EP0305295 W EP 0305295W WO 03098128 A1 WO03098128 A1 WO 03098128A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- turbine
- chiller according
- gear
- electric motor
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B11/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines
- F25B11/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines as expanders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
- F01C1/08—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
- F01C1/12—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
- F01C1/14—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
- F01C1/18—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with similar tooth forms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
- F25B1/047—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type of screw type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
- F25B2400/074—Details of compressors or related parts with multiple cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/14—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant
- F25B2400/141—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant the extracted power is not recycled back in the refrigerant circuit
Definitions
- the invention relates to a refrigerator according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a refrigerator is already known from US 5,515,694 A and US 2,494,120 A.
- a feedback of the rotary movement of the expansion turbine to the drive of the compressor is provided, according to US 5,515,694 A an electric motor is provided to drive the compressor, which is driven by the expansion turbine.
- Conventional expansion turbines are used according to US 5,515,694 A and US 2,494,120 A. In the usual expansion turbines, in which a paddle wheel is driven by a nozzle, however, only the flow energy emerging from the nozzle is converted into mechanical energy, so that such an expansion turbine has a low efficiency. In addition, it is voluminous and expensive.
- the object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a refrigerator.
- the expansion turbine is formed by a gear turbine. According to the invention, about half of the energy released by the evaporator can thus be recovered.
- a feedback of the rotary movement of the gear turbine to the drive of the compressor is preferably provided. In this way, a portion, namely approximately half of the drive energy applied for the compressor is returned to the mechanical drive of the compressor.
- the energy balance of the The chiller thus increases from an average of 1: 3 to 1: 6. This means that in a compressor driven by an electric motor, 6 kW-hours of thermal energy are obtained from 1 kW-hour of electrical energy for the motor of the compressor.
- the pressure reduction in the gear turbine thus takes place in the rotating gear gaps.
- the pressurized liquid refrigerant or working fluid fills the individual revolving gear wheel gaps of the two sealing gears in the engagement area and turns them towards the evaporator, releasing an external torque, so that the liquid working fluid can suddenly relax after leaving the engagement area of the two gear wheels.
- the work equipment is therefore relaxed without significant friction losses.
- a gear turbine has a compact, inexpensive structure.
- the gear turbine is preferably arranged in the housing of the throttle element through which the working medium flows, as a result of which the lubrication and sealing is unproblematic.
- the housing only needs to be sealed to the outside at the connection to the pressure area and, if the rotational movement of the expansion turbine is fed back by a gear, to the output shaft of the expansion turbine or the gear.
- a mechanical seal is preferably used to seal the output shaft.
- the mechanical seal which is preferably loaded by a spring, can be provided on an inner part which is flange-mounted, for example, on the housing of the throttle element via a seal.
- the housing of the throttle body is preferably made of plastic.
- a coupling is preferably provided between the expansion turbine and the drive of the compressor. In order to prevent the expansion turbine from braking the compressor when the compressor rotates rapidly, the clutch can have a freewheel device. The mechanical drive power of the expansion turbine is delivered directly to the compressor via the clutch.
- the compressor can be driven by an asynchronous electric motor. If the asynchronous motor is driven by the expansion turbine, the slip of the asynchronous motor is significantly reduced compared to the synchronous speed, which reduces the power consumption of the asynchronous motor accordingly.
- the refrigeration machine according to the invention preferably has a control device in order to adapt the flow rate of the working medium through the expansion turbine to the desired pressure and / or the desired temperature of the working medium.
- This regulation to the target pressure and / or target temperature can be achieved according to the invention in various ways.
- the flow rate of the working fluid depends on the speed of the expansion turbine and this on the gear ratio of the output in mechanical connection to the compressor.
- a control option with a large control range thus exists through a continuous change in the reduction ratio of the gear turbine for driving the compressor. All the usual stepless reduction options on a mechanical or hydrostatic basis come into question.
- a magnetic, electromagnetic, hydraulic or pneumatic feedback of the rotary movement of the gear turbine on the Drive of the compressor may be provided.
- a hydraulic or pneumatic pump can be driven by the gear turbine, which can be arranged in the throttle body. This means that only lines have to be routed to the outside, that is to say no output shafts or similar rotating components, so that there is no need for shaft sealing.
- the hydraulic or pneumatic pump can then drive, for example, a hydraulic or pneumatic motor to drive the electric motor of the compressor.
- the gearbox can also be designed so that the reduction between the high-speed gear turbine and the compressor drive can swing back and forth between two fixed reductions.
- a clutch that can be switched under load is used to switch from low to high gear ratio and vice versa, depending on the need for readjustment.
- a current generator can also be provided as a solution that is advantageous in terms of control technology. So that, as described above in connection with the hydraulic or pneumatic pump, the need for a shaft seal is eliminated, the current generator is preferably arranged in the throttle valve housing. Such small-sized generators with high efficiency, for example with electronic commutation, are commercially available.
- the refrigerator according to the invention can also be used as a heat pump. Accordingly, the protection of the invention also extends to a heat pump according to claim 1 is formed, wherein the heat pump can be configured by the measures of the subclaims.
- Modern heat pumps with an output of more than 1 kW are often already operated with a frequency converter for power adjustment in order to avoid the uneconomical frequent start-up during on / off operation.
- Such frequency converters are normally described with a DC link.
- the expansion turbine can drive at high speed and therefore a very compact three-phase generator with permanent magnetic excitation.
- a single or multi-phase diode bridge circuit can be used as a rectifier.
- the DC voltage stabilized with a capacitor can then preferably be modulated by the generator via a control circuit for adaptation to the set pressure and / or the set temperature pulse widths via an electronic switch, e.g. MOSFET transistor or tyristor, are connected to the existing DC link.
- the electric motor for driving the compressor is driven by the gear turbine, the motor shaft of the electric motor driving a compressor turbine which supports the compressor in liquefying the working medium and is preferably also designed as a gear turbine.
- the one gear wheel of the expansion turbine designed as a gear turbine can also be fastened and loaded on the shaft of the electric motor, which is preferably designed as a stepper motor. be annoyed.
- a standard two-phase bipolar stepper motor can be used.
- the gearwheel of the compressor turbine designed as a gearwheel turbine is at the same time fastened and mounted on the motor shaft of the stepping motor, preferably on the side of the stepping motor opposite the expansion turbine.
- the compressor turbine can be provided on the suction side of the compressor, preferably in the case of larger heat pumps or refrigeration machines with multi-cylinder piston compressors or with screw compressors.
- a bypass line is preferably provided which bridges the compressor turbine and is provided with a check valve which prevents the working medium from flowing back via the bypass line.
- the compressor turbine can be arranged parallel to the compressor, that is to say it can be connected on the one hand to the suction side and on the other hand to the pressure side of the compressor.
- Single-cylinder piston compressors generate a flow of working fluid that is strongly pulsating on the pressure side. These pressure gaps are filled by the compressor turbine arranged in parallel. This significantly increases the efficiency of the entire system.
- a check valve is provided between the pressure side of the compressor and the compressor turbine.
- the working fluid on the pressure side can be fed into a nozzle like a water jet pump enter an enlarged pipe to which the compressor turbine is connected on its pressure side.
- a further significant increase in the guide number can be achieved by resonance tuning of the lines of the refrigerator.
- the expansion turbine, the compressor turbine and the electric motor are preferably integrated in the housing of the compressor.
- a stepper motor control for expansion adjustment is preferably provided, which forms an essential part of the expansion feedback.
- the stepper motor is designed as a bipolar, two-phase wound stepper motor with a generator winding and a brake winding.
- a rectifier for converting the generator voltage is also provided.
- a capacitor is provided to stabilize the generator voltage or DC voltage.
- the positive or negative pole of the rectifier is connected to the negative or positive pole of the rectifier via a control device and the brake winding, the control device being thermally conductively connected to the working medium downstream of the expansion turbine and / or upstream of the compressor turbine.
- the control device can be formed by at least one NTC (negative temperature coefficient) resistor which is thermally conductively connected to the working medium downstream of the expansion turbine or upstream of the compressor turbine, and by at least one fixed resistor.
- NTC negative temperature coefficient
- the resistance decreases with increasing temperature. As a result, more current flows into the brake winding according to the principle of the DC brake.
- a trimming potentiometer can be provided between the rectifier and the control device or the fixed resistor in order to intervene in the control loop.
- a simple digital control device with the bipolar, two-phase wound stepper motor with generator winding and brake winding is also possible through pulse-width modulation with conventional simple trigger components, such as a trigger diode, in particular an SBS element or integrated circuit, and with a temperature sensor that is thermally conductive the working medium downstream of the gear turbine or upstream of the compressor turbine.
- a particularly simple temperature control is achieved with the bipolar, two-phase weighted stepper motor using a temperature switch.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a refrigeration pump
- the throttle element of the refrigerating machine according to FIG. 1 designed as a gear turbine, with a throttle element housing partially cut away, or one Longitudinal section along the line III-III in Fig. 2;
- FIG. 5 is a partially sectioned view of an electric motor with an expansion turbine and a compressor turbine;
- FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal section through the expansion turbine along the line V-V in FIG. 4;
- FIG. 7 shows a side view of the compressor turbine according to FIG. 5;
- Fig. 9 shows the circuit of the stepper motor and the control device.
- the working fluid is liquefied with a compressor 1, which is designed as a piston compressor 4 equipped with valves 2, 3 and driven by an electric motor 5, and is supplied via line 6 to the condenser 7 designed as a heat exchanger, in which the condenser is connected to a high temperature heated liquid working fluid releases its heat to the environment, for example via the pipe coil 8.
- the condenser 7 is connected via a line 9 to a throttle element 10, via which the cooled liquid working fluid expands into the evaporator 11.
- the heat of evaporation necessary for this is the ambient air which passes through the evaporator 11 designed as a heat exchanger according to the arrows 12 and 13. flows, withdrawn, whereupon the gaseous working medium is returned to the compressor 1 according to arrow 14 in the circuit.
- the throttle element 10 is designed as a gear turbine 15.
- two roller-shaped gear wheels 16, 17, which mesh in the area 18, are rotatably mounted in a turbine housing 19.
- a pipe socket 21 is connected, which with the line 9 connected to the condenser 7 e.g. is connected via a screw connection 20.
- the gear turbine 15 is arranged in the housing 22 of the throttle element 10.
- the housing 22 is penetrated on one side by the pipe socket 21.
- the other end of the housing 22 is connected to the evaporator 11.
- a pinion 24 is attached, which meshes with the gear 25 for reduction.
- the gear 25 52 with two intermeshing gears 53, 54 and 55, 56, which can also be made of plastic.
- Channels 58, 59 are provided in the housing 51.
- the channels 58, 59 in the housing 51 connect the lines 63, 64 to the engagement area of the gear wheels 55, 56 on one or the other side.
- Line 63 is connected to line 9 and line 64 to line 38 (FIG. 4).
- the lines 41 and 42 are connected via corresponding channels in the housing 52 to the engagement area of the gear wheels 55, 56 on one side and on the other side (FIGS. 4 and 7).
- the channels in the housing plates 51, 52 are closed on the outside by the plates 65 and 66 and on the inside by the plate-shaped sections 67, 68 of the motor mount 69.
- the gear 55 of the expansion turbine 48 is fastened and supported on the motor shaft 49 of the electric motor 5 designed as a stepper motor.
- the gear 53 of the compressor turbine 40 is fastened and supported on the motor shaft 49 on the other side of the electric motor 5.
- the compressor turbine 40, the expansion turbine 48 and the electric motor 5 can be integrated in the housing of the piston compressor 4.
- the lines 41 and 42 of the compressor turbine 40 can run internally in this housing, while the lines 63, 64 are led outwards and are connected to the lines 9 and 38, respectively.
- the electric motor 5 is designed as a bipolar, two-phase wound stepper motor with a generator winding 70 and a brake winding 71, a diode rectifier 72 being provided for converting the generator voltage.
- the DC voltage is stabilized with a capacitor 73.
- the positive pole of the rectifier 72 is connected via a switch 74 with a trimmer potentiometer 75 to a combination of a fixed resistor 76 and two NTC resistors 77 connected in series with the brake winding 71 to the negative pole of the rectifier 72 and the condensate 73.
- the NTC resistors 77 are thermally conductively connected to the working medium in the line 41 of the compressor turbine 40 via the line 78 and thus bring about a DC braking by the brake winding 71 of the stepping motor 5 when the temperature of the working medium in the line 41 increases too much
- Control line 78 may be connected to the working medium in line 38 (FIG. 4).
- the trim potentiometer 75 can be used to exert an arbitrary influence on the control loop.
- the entire control circuit can be interrupted with the switch 74. If this switch 74 is connected as a bimetallic thermal switch in a heat-conducting manner to the line to be checked, it already acts as a two-point controller and the components 75, 76, 77 and 78 can be omitted.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003238364A AU2003238364A1 (en) | 2002-05-21 | 2003-05-20 | Refrigerating machine |
EP03732428A EP1506366A1 (de) | 2002-05-21 | 2003-05-20 | Kältemaschine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT7722002A AT411796B (de) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-05-21 | Kältemaschine |
ATA772/2002 | 2002-05-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003098128A1 true WO2003098128A1 (de) | 2003-11-27 |
Family
ID=29425361
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2003/005295 WO2003098128A1 (de) | 2002-05-21 | 2003-05-20 | Kältemaschine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1506366A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003238364A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003098128A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006045610A1 (de) | 2004-10-27 | 2006-05-04 | Walter Dolzer | Wellenabdichtung |
US10180282B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2019-01-15 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Parallel compression in LNG plants using a positive displacement compressor |
DE102016007949B4 (de) | 2016-06-28 | 2022-02-17 | Richard Bethmann | Wärmepumpenanlage |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2174584A (en) * | 1937-03-10 | 1939-10-03 | Clifford L Imus | Refrigeration apparatus |
US4333026A (en) * | 1980-12-08 | 1982-06-01 | General Motors Corporation | Stepping motor |
WO1992015774A1 (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1992-09-17 | Sinvent A/S | Thermodynamic systems including gear type machines for compression or expansion of gases and vapors |
EP0676600A2 (de) * | 1994-04-05 | 1995-10-11 | Carrier Corporation | Turbine mit Zweiphasenströmung |
EP0787891A2 (de) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-08-06 | Carrier Corporation | Erzeugung mechanischer Kraft durch Expansion von Flüssigkeit in Dampf |
DE19841686A1 (de) * | 1998-09-11 | 2000-03-23 | Aisin Seiki | Entspannungseinrichtung |
EP1067342A2 (de) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-10 | Carrier Corporation | Entspanner-Verdichter als Ersatz eines Drosselventils einer zwei-phasigen Strömung |
WO2001068393A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-20 | Zexel Valeo Climate Control Corporation | Air conditioning unit and a method of operating an air conditioning unit, both being in particular for motor vehicles |
DE10220391A1 (de) * | 2001-05-21 | 2002-11-28 | Walter Dolzer | Wärmepumpe oder Kältemaschine |
-
2003
- 2003-05-20 EP EP03732428A patent/EP1506366A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-05-20 WO PCT/EP2003/005295 patent/WO2003098128A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-05-20 AU AU2003238364A patent/AU2003238364A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2174584A (en) * | 1937-03-10 | 1939-10-03 | Clifford L Imus | Refrigeration apparatus |
US4333026A (en) * | 1980-12-08 | 1982-06-01 | General Motors Corporation | Stepping motor |
WO1992015774A1 (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1992-09-17 | Sinvent A/S | Thermodynamic systems including gear type machines for compression or expansion of gases and vapors |
EP0676600A2 (de) * | 1994-04-05 | 1995-10-11 | Carrier Corporation | Turbine mit Zweiphasenströmung |
EP0787891A2 (de) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-08-06 | Carrier Corporation | Erzeugung mechanischer Kraft durch Expansion von Flüssigkeit in Dampf |
DE19841686A1 (de) * | 1998-09-11 | 2000-03-23 | Aisin Seiki | Entspannungseinrichtung |
EP1067342A2 (de) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-10 | Carrier Corporation | Entspanner-Verdichter als Ersatz eines Drosselventils einer zwei-phasigen Strömung |
WO2001068393A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-20 | Zexel Valeo Climate Control Corporation | Air conditioning unit and a method of operating an air conditioning unit, both being in particular for motor vehicles |
DE10220391A1 (de) * | 2001-05-21 | 2002-11-28 | Walter Dolzer | Wärmepumpe oder Kältemaschine |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006045610A1 (de) | 2004-10-27 | 2006-05-04 | Walter Dolzer | Wellenabdichtung |
US10180282B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2019-01-15 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Parallel compression in LNG plants using a positive displacement compressor |
DE102016007949B4 (de) | 2016-06-28 | 2022-02-17 | Richard Bethmann | Wärmepumpenanlage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003238364A1 (en) | 2003-12-02 |
EP1506366A1 (de) | 2005-02-16 |
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