Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/16—Catalysts
  • C08G18/18—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
  • C08G18/20—Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof
  • C08G18/2009—Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof containing one heterocyclic ring
  • C08G18/2036—Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof containing one heterocyclic ring having at least three nitrogen atoms in the ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
  • C07C211/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
  • C07C211/63—Quaternary ammonium compounds having quaternised nitrogen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/54—Quaternary phosphonium compounds
  • C07F9/5407—Acyclic saturated phosphonium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/02—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates of isocyanates or isothiocyanates only

Definitions

• the invention relates to new ionic liquids, a process for their preparation and their use as solvents or catalysts for chemical reactions, in particular as catalysts for the oligomerization of isocyanates.
• Ionic liquids are generally understood to be liquids which consist exclusively of ions
• the ionic liquids known today are based on a relatively manageable number of different structural components.
• the cations used are preferably tetraalkylammonium, tetraalkylphosphonium or N-alkylpyridinium or
• 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ions which are usually combined with anions such as chloride, chloroaluminate, trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate), toluenesulfonate (tosylate), tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate or hexafluoroantimonate ions.
• anions such as chloride, chloroaluminate, trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate), toluenesulfonate (tosylate), tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate or hexafluoroantimonate ions.
• salts from special ammonium and phosphonium cations and deprotomeric five-membered nitrogen heteroaromatics also represent chemically stable ionic liquids as anions.
• Ionic liquids with heterocyclic anions have hitherto not been known.
• These new ionic liquids can not only be used as solvents for a large number of different (catalytic) reactions, but surprisingly, as such, are preferably also highly active and selective catalysts for the oligomerization of isocyanates.
• the present invention relates to ionic liquids in general
• Q A stands for a five-membered nitrogen heteroaromatic which is deprotonated, optionally substituted and / or fused to a ring nitrogen,
• E represents a nitrogen or phosphorus atom
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 stand for identical or different radicals and each a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, one optionally substituted aromatic or araliphatic radical which has up to 24 carbon atoms and. optionally contain up to 3 hetero atoms from the series oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and can optionally be substituted by halogen atoms, with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R 1 to R 4 represents an aliphatic radical with at least 6 carbon atoms.
• the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of these ionic liquids by deprotonation of a
• X represents a halogen atom from the series chlorine, bromine, iodine, and
• the invention also relates to the use of these ionic liquids as solvents and / or catalysts in chemical reactions, in particular as catalysts for the oligomerization of isocyanates.
• Starting compounds A) for the preparation of the ionic liquids according to the invention are any five-membered nitrogen heteroaromatics containing a protonated ring nitrogen, which may optionally be substituted and / or fused and have a molecular weight of 67 to 800, preferably 67 to 650, particularly preferably 67 to 500 ,
• R 5 to R 19 stand for identical or different radicals and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom from the series fluorine, chlorine or bromine or a nitro group, a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical, an optionally substituted aromatic or araliphatic radical , which contain up to 20 carbon atoms and optionally up to 3 heteroatoms from the series oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and can optionally be substituted by halogen atoms or nitro groups,
• Suitable starting compounds A) are pyrrole, indole, 4-methylindole, 5-methylindole, 6-methylindole, 2,3-dimethylindole, 2,5-dimethylindole,
• 5- and 6-chloroindole 4-fluoroindole, 5-fluoroindole, 6-fluoroindole, 4-nitroindole, 5-nitro-2-phenylindole, 4-benzyloxyindole, 4-methoxyindole, 5-methoxyindole, 5,6-dimethoxyindole , 5-ethyl indole, 7-ethyl indole, 2-ethyl-3-methylindole, 5,6- (methylenedioxy) indole, carbazole, 3-chlorocarbazole, carboline, 3,4: 5,6-dibenzocarbazole, pyrazole, 3-methylpyrazole , 4-methylpyrazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, indazole, 3-methylindazole, 3-
• Preferred starting compounds A) are those having an imidazole (formula V), 1,2,4-triazole (formula VI) or 1,2,3-triazole backbone (formula VII).
• 1,2,4-Triazoles of the general formula (VI) are very particularly preferred.
• Starting compounds B) for the preparation of the ionic liquids according to the invention are any quaternary ammonium or phosphonium halogens of the general formula (U) in which
• X represents a halogen atom from the series chlorine, bromine, iodine,
• E represents a nitrogen or phosphorus atom
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 represent identical or different radicals and each represent a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical, an optionally substituted aromatic or araliphatic radical which has up to 24 carbon atoms and optionally up to 3 heteroatoms from the Contain oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and can optionally be substituted by halogen atoms, with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R 1 to R 4 is an aliphatic radical having 5 at least 6 carbon atoms.
• Suitable ammonium and phosphonium halides are, for example, methyl trioctylammonium chloride, Ethymexadecyldimethylammoniumbromid, Benzyldime- thylhexadecylammoniumchlorid, benzyldimethylstearylammonium chloride, tetra-n-hexylammonium 0, tetraheptylammonium bromide, chloride Tetrahexylammoniumchlo-, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzyldimethyldodecylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyl zyldimethyltetradecylarnmoniumchlorid, tetra-n- octylammonium bromide, didecy
• Preferred starting compounds B) are quaternary ammonium or phosphonium halogens of the general formula (II), in which
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 represent the same or different radicals and each represent a saturated aliphatic radical which contains up to 18 carbon atoms and optionally up to 3 heteroatoms from the series oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and optionally substituted by halogen atoms with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R 1 to R 4 represents an aliphatic radical having at least 6 carbon atoms.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 represent identical or different radicals and each represent a saturated aliphatic radical with up to 18 carbon atoms, with the proviso that at least two of the radicals R 1 to R 4 have at least 6 carbon atoms.
• the process according to the invention is generally carried out in the presence of a suitable solvent.
• suitable solvents are monohydric or polyhydric simple alcohols, such as. B. methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, Isopropanol, n-butanol, n-hexanol, 2-ethyl-l-hexanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, the isomeric butanediols, 2-ethyl-l, 3-hexanediol or glycerin; Ether alcohols such as e.g. B.
• ethyl ether diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol or dipropylene glycol but also solvents such as hexane, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl or ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, - Propyl-2-acetate, 3-methoxy-n-butyl acetate, propylene glycol diacetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, N-methylpyrrolidone and N-methylcaprolactam or mixtures of such solvents.
• Preferred solvents are simple monoalcohols of the type mentioned with 1 to 4 carbon atom
• metal bases known from preparative organic chemistry preferably alkali or alkaline earth metal bases, such as e.g. Metal hydroxides, alcohols, amides or hydrides.
• alkali or alkaline earth metal bases such as e.g. Metal hydroxides, alcohols, amides or hydrides.
• bases are sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, potassium tert-butoxide, lithium diisopropylamide, sodium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide or sodium hydride.
• Preferred metal bases are alkali metal alcoholates, which are generally used in solution in the corresponding alcohols.
• the metal bases mentioned are generally used in the process according to the invention in an equimolar amount, based on the amount of five-membered heterocycles A) used.
• the starting compounds A if appropriate under an inert gas atmosphere, are dissolved in a solvent of the type mentioned above by way of example and especially at a temperature of from -20 to + 80 ° C., preferably from -10 to + 60 ° C. preferably from 0 to
• the frequently commercially available metal salts preferably alkali metal salts, such as, for example, Na salts
• the starting compounds B preferably also in a form dissolved in the above-mentioned solvent, are then added while observing the above-mentioned temperature range, whereupon a metal / halide Exchange begins.
• the metal halide which separates out is separated, for example by filtration, and the process product according to the invention is finally in a vacuum at a temperature of, for example, 20 to 120 ° C., preferably 30 to 100 ° C., particularly preferably 40 to 80 ° C., preferably in a Düm layer evaporator, freed from the solvent.
• the ionic liquids according to the invention with residual organic solvent contents of less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 1% by weight, are obtained. They have melting points of less than 100 ° C., preferably less than 60 ° C., particularly preferably less than 40 ° C., and in the molten state viscosities of less than 3000 mPas, preferably less than 2000 mPas, particularly preferably less than 1000 mPas ,
• the ionic liquids according to the invention are outstandingly suitable as solvents for a large number of different (catalytic) reactions. They are also highly active and selective catalysts for the oligomerization of isocyanates, in particular for the production of polyisocyanates with uretdione, isocyanurate and / or iminooxadiazinedione structure, and can advantageously be used as liquid compounds in solvent-free form. Examples
• Methyltrioctylammonium-1,2,4-triazolate as a clear, almost colorless liquid with a viscosity of 670 mPas (23 ° C) and a refractive index n of 1.4751.
• the residual methanol content is 0.3% by weight.
• Example 1 180 g of a 30% strength methanolic sodium methanolate solution, corresponding to 1.0 mol of sodium methanolate, are dissolved in 200 with 69 g (1.0 mol) of 1,2,4-triazole ml methanol and 518 g (1.0 mol) trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride (CYPHOS ® 3653, Fa. Cytec Industries) dissolved in 60 g of methanol reacted. After filtration, thin-layer distillation at a temperature of 50 ° C.
• Example 1 180 g of a 30% strength methanolic sodium methanolate solution, corresponding to 1.0 mol of sodium methanolate with 68 g (1.0 mol) of imidazole dissolved in 200 ml of methanol and 518 g ( 1.0 mol) trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride (CYPHOS ® 3653, Fa. Cytec Industries) dissolved in 60 g of methanol reacted. After filtration, thin-layer distillation at 50 ° C.
• CYPHOS ® 3653, Fa. Cytec Industries trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride
• the NCO content in the reaction mixture is 29.7%, corresponding to a degree of oligomerization of 21.4%.
• 0.38 g (1.8 mmol) of dibutyl phosphate are added to stop the reaction and the excess monomeric diisocyanate is distilled off using a thin-film evaporator at a temperature of 160 ° C. and a pressure of 0.3 mbar.
• a highly viscous, almost colorless uretdione polyisocyanate with a free NCO group content of 16.9% and a monomeric IPDI content of 0.3% is obtained.

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• 2002
  • 2002-04-30 DE DE10219227A patent/DE10219227A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2003
  • 2003-04-17 CN CN03815478.1A patent/CN1665793A/zh active Pending
  • 2003-04-17 JP JP2004501385A patent/JP2005538944A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-04-17 CA CA002483829A patent/CA2483829A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-04-17 WO PCT/EP2003/004025 patent/WO2003093246A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2003-04-17 AU AU2003224090A patent/AU2003224090A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-04-17 MX MXPA04010788A patent/MXPA04010788A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2003-04-17 EP EP03720488A patent/EP1501810A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-04-22 US US10/420,248 patent/US20030204041A1/en not_active Abandoned

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