WO2003077447A1 - Module recepteur de lumiere a regulation numerique et procede de regulation associe - Google Patents

Module recepteur de lumiere a regulation numerique et procede de regulation associe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003077447A1
WO2003077447A1 PCT/CN2003/000165 CN0300165W WO03077447A1 WO 2003077447 A1 WO2003077447 A1 WO 2003077447A1 CN 0300165 W CN0300165 W CN 0300165W WO 03077447 A1 WO03077447 A1 WO 03077447A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
digital
value
analog
conversion
receiving module
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2003/000165
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zhenyu Tang
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to US10/506,888 priority Critical patent/US7376359B2/en
Priority to AU2003221284A priority patent/AU2003221284A1/en
Publication of WO2003077447A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003077447A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60Receivers
    • H04B10/66Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • H04B10/69Electrical arrangements in the receiver
    • H04B10/691Arrangements for optimizing the photodetector in the receiver
    • H04B10/6911Photodiode bias control, e.g. for compensating temperature variations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion technology in an optical network communication system, and more particularly, to a light receiving module and a method for digitally adjusting parameters thereof. Background of the invention
  • the optical receiving module mainly completes the photoelectric conversion function, so the optical receiving module has a very important position, and its performance directly affects the indicators and stability of the communication system.
  • FIG. 1 The block diagram shown in Figure 1 is the structure of a conventional analog adjustment light receiving module, which mainly includes three major functional components:
  • the photoelectric conversion circuit 11 that completes the optical / electrical conversion, inputs optical signals, and outputs weak electrical signals.
  • a PIN or APD laser tube (or laser) is used.
  • 13 in the figure is a limiting amplifier (LIA).
  • LIA limiting amplifier
  • Limiting amplification is performed to extract the clock and data (DATA).
  • the bias voltage adjustment circuit provides a bias voltage for the photo-receiving tube.
  • Different APD tubes need to provide different bias voltages, that is, the bias voltage of the photo-receiving tube in the light receiving module is adjustable.
  • the bias voltage can also be temperature compensated according to different operating temperatures of the APD tube.
  • 12 is a DC / DC boost circuit
  • RS is a sampling resistor
  • RP2 is a regulating resistor of the DC / DC boost circuit 12
  • RT is a thermal
  • the thermistor uses an analog method to perform temperature compensation on the bias voltage.
  • FIG. 2 for a typical structural block diagram of the high voltage adjustment of the bias voltage of the conventional optical receiving module.
  • the integrated chip IC and the voltage doubler circuit are connected to form a DC / DC boost circuit, and the DC / DC boost is changed by adjusting the resistor RP2.
  • the potential VFB at the FB terminal of the circuit passes through the feedback voltage Vfb in the integrated chip IC, and finally changes the V- APD high voltage (35 ⁇ 75V).
  • V— APD Vfb x R51 ⁇ RP2.
  • Different lasers need to provide different temperature compensation at different temperatures, that is, to provide different bias voltages, so that the laser can obtain higher receiving sensitivity at different ambient temperatures, and the compensation coefficient is about + 0.08V / ° C ⁇ + 0.15V / ° C.
  • the traditional method is to use an external temperature sensor and adjust the feedback voltage Vfb with the voltage detected by the temperature to obtain different V-APD bias voltages.
  • V- APD voltage In actual use, it is impossible to achieve V- APD voltage.
  • the size tracking detection and adjustment that is, the compensation cannot fully meet the compensation coefficient of each APD tube.
  • the current method is to adjust the potentiometer RP2 according to the specific parameters of each laser, and use a test tool such as a multimeter to detect the bias voltage V- APD.
  • the optical power detection voltage output circuit 14 detects the optical power by sampling (resistance RP3) the magnitude of the bias current on the photoreceiving tube according to the response current of the photocell.
  • RS is a bias current sampling resistor
  • 31 is a PIN or APD photoreceiver
  • RP3 is a dark current zeroing resistor
  • an operational amplifier OP2 output optical power detection voltage (OPM).
  • OPM Output optical power detection voltage
  • optical receiving modules are provided with a Loss of Signal (LOS) reporting function, and are generally reported through a hysteresis comparison circuit.
  • the LOS report can be obtained through the preset comparison voltage. Generally, it can be set to report under the received optical power sensitivity of 3dB.
  • the magnitude of the preset voltage is generally obtained through the potentiometer voltage division. This point will be fixed shortly after the adjustment.
  • the sampling comparison can use the peak-to-peak comparison of the sampling signal for the limiting amplifier chip, or it can use the optical power detection circuit to provide the detection voltage comparison.
  • the above-mentioned structure of the analog adjustment optical receiving module is widely used in optical network telecommunication equipment due to its mature technology.
  • the potentiometer since the parameters of the analog adjustment light receiving module are adjusted by adjusting the potentiometer, the potentiometer itself has poor reliability and is easy to generate parameters due to aging. Due to problems such as drift, the structure circuit cannot be monitored and adjusted in real time. It can only be adjusted manually, and it also needs to be performed by highly qualified technical workers. Not only is the production efficiency low, but the nonlinear compensation characteristics are not good.
  • the accuracy and stability of the parameters of the analog light receiving module depends mainly on the accuracy and stability of the potentiometer.
  • the potentiometer uses a mechanical device to change the position of the sliding point to change the resistance value, and then the working point of the laser. Mechanical potential The poor contact of the device contacts and the problem of temperature characteristics, and the problem of contact movement due to transportation, vibration, etc., will cause the parameters of the light receiving module to drift;
  • Adjusting the potentiometer is a complicated process, it is difficult to automate the production of the receiving module, it is not easy to form industrial-scale production, and the production cost remains high;
  • the index of the light receiving module depends too much on the quality of workers and technical proficiency, and it is difficult to ensure the straight-through rate and consistency of the product;
  • Carrier-grade equipment requires high reliability and stability. With the increase of the service life of the laser, the parameter index drifts due to aging and other factors. Using the optical receiving module of the analog potentiometer, performance cannot be achieved under uninterrupted service conditions of the system. Adjustment of parameters.
  • the relevant parameters of the optical receiving module such as the initial bias voltage, the debugging time, and the receiving sensitivity, cannot be obtained online and in time; For optical power detection, only the output voltage can be detected, and the input optical power cannot be accurately reflected on the optical receiving module.
  • the analog method such as thermistor is used. Due to the temperature characteristics of the temperature sensor such as the thermistor, the actual compensation curve cannot coincide with the temperature curve of the real APD tube. Tested performance will reduce key performance such as module receiving sensitivity due to temperature compensation;
  • the magnitude of the optical power is mainly detected by detecting the photoelectric response current of the photoelectric receiving tube. Due to the existence of dark current and its change with different ambient temperatures, the detection accuracy is reduced, which cannot meet the current accuracy of optical power detection. Higher requirements.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to design a digitally-adjusted optical receiving module and its adjusting method, using digital technology, to realize the real-time monitoring, online adjustment, and nonlinear compensation performance of the parameters of the optical receiving module, including high-voltage adjustment, temperature compensation, and detection of received optical power.
  • the dark current compensation at different ambient temperatures, etc., and the use of memory to save the relevant parameters of the module and the Guangjia model and batch information can greatly improve commissioning efficiency and traceability, and effectively reduce production and maintenance costs.
  • a digitally adjusted light receiving module includes a photoelectric conversion circuit, an optical power detection voltage output circuit, and a bias voltage adjustment composed of a direct current / direct current (DC / DC) booster circuit
  • the circuit is characterized by:
  • It also includes a digital control adjustment circuit that mathematically adjusts the output high voltage of the DC / DC (DC / DC) booster circuit. It also includes an analog-to-digital (A / D) conversion circuit that converts the detected laser operating temperature and voltage into digital And convert the detected optical power bias voltage to digital And is used to control the digital control adjustment circuit to perform laser high-voltage monitoring, laser temperature compensation, and dark current compensation of the laser at different ambient temperatures; and further includes a memory for storing parameters of the light receiving module as digital control adjustment Basis for circuit adjustment.
  • a / D analog-to-digital
  • the digital control regulation circuit is a digital-to-analog (D / A) converter.
  • the digital control adjustment circuit is a digital potentiometer.
  • a digital adjustment method for digitally adjusting a light receiving module which is characterized by including the following processing steps:
  • A. Set up a memory to store the digital-to-analog conversion (DA) values reported by the optical receiving module when the dark current is zeroed and the laser tube bias voltage is adjusted at the optical power, and during the optical power detection calibration and temperature detection calibration ( AD) value;
  • DA digital-to-analog conversion
  • the central processing unit (CPU) of the module maintains the current DA conversion value when it determines that the optical power detection dark current compensation at the current temperature is compensated according to the given temperature coefficient.
  • the digital-to-analog conversion (DA) value in step B is changed to further adjust the optical power detection dark current zero compensation voltage;
  • the central processing unit (CPU) of the module maintains the current digital-to-analog conversion (DA) value when it determines that the laser tube bias voltage at the current temperature is compensated according to a given temperature coefficient, and determines that the laser tube bias voltage at the current temperature When not compensated for the given temperature coefficient, change the number in step B Analog-to-digital conversion (DA) value to further adjust the bias voltage of the laser tube.
  • DA digital-to-analog conversion
  • step A storing the digital-to-analog conversion (DA) value when the optical receiving module reports the dark current zeroing at the optical power, further includes:
  • A1 Set a digital-to-analog conversion (DA) value
  • optical power detection operational amplifier OPM
  • CPU central processing unit
  • the central processing unit (CPU) determines that the output value (OPM) satisfies the zero light adjustment requirement, the current digital-to-analog conversion (DA) value is stored in a memory storage unit, and the central processing unit (CPU) is determining the When the output value (OPM) does not meet the zero light adjustment requirement, the process returns to step A1.
  • step A storing a digital-to-analog conversion (DA) value of the light receiving module when adjusting the bias voltage of the laser tube, further includes:
  • the laser tube bias voltage is sent to the central processing unit (CPU) via analog-to-digital conversion;
  • step A storing the analog-to-digital conversion (AD) value of the optical receiving module at the time of optical power detection calibration further includes:
  • AD analog-to-digital conversion
  • step A in step A, storing an analog-to-digital conversion (AD) value of the light receiving module at a temperature detection calibration time, further including:
  • A9 Correspondence between calculated temperature and analog-to-digital conversion (AD) value; A10. Calibration of the analog-to-digital conversion (AD) value is performed every 5 ° C within a temperature range, and the calibrated analog-to-digital conversion (AD) value is stored in the storage unit of the memory.
  • the memory also stores parameters related to the light receiving module, including the module model, the production date, the sensitivity during commissioning, the overload point, the maximum value of the laser tube bias voltage, and the actual commissioned value.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • the digital monitoring and adjusting light receiving module of the present invention uses digital technology to adjust and monitor the light receiving module. Compared with the traditional analog adjusting light receiving module, it only slightly changes the basic circuit structure, but focuses on changing the control for parameter adjustment.
  • Method By adding a memory for storing the parameters of the optical module, and adding a digital control device and an A / D analog-to-digital conversion device to replace the potentiometer, the functions of online debugging, accurate control and real-time monitoring of the light receiving module are truly realized.
  • the present invention uses digital adjustment technology including a digital potentiometer and a D / A converter to realize online debugging of the light receiving module.
  • the present invention uses A / D on the light receiving module to monitor the input optical power in real time and the operation of the APD tube. Changes in temperature, and the magnitude of the bias voltage;
  • the invention uses a memory technology on the light receiving module to realize the storage and online query of related parameters;
  • the invention uses a memory and an A / D converter to realize the discrimination of the optical power.
  • the invention uses a digital control method to realize the digital compensation of the laser bias voltage and the digital compensation of the dark current.
  • the software parameters of the system are increased because the module parameter settings and adjustments require software participation.
  • many of its disadvantages are turned into advantages, including: (1) Stable and reliable.
  • the numerically controlled light receiving module uses numerically controlled devices (including digital potentiometers and digital-to-analog converters) to set the bias voltage of the APD tube. Since there are no mechanical contacts, reliability, stability, and life are improved. More guaranteed
  • the production cost of easy commissioning is low.
  • the numerical control potentiometer is adjusted by software.
  • the software directly adjusts and detects the magnitude of the bias voltage. It changes the traditional method of commissioning, and it is easy to realize automated production, improve production efficiency, and reduce Cost
  • Digital temperature compensation is simple and effective. By monitoring the temperature of the photo-receiving tube, digital temperature compensation can be implemented on the offset voltage and dark current compensation to improve the receiving sensitivity and optical power detection accuracy. Brief description of the drawings
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of the structure of a traditional analog adjustment light receiving module
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a typical structure of a high voltage adjustment of a bias voltage of a conventional optical receiving module
  • FIG. 3 is a typical block diagram of a conventional optical receiving module for detecting the dark current compensation of optical power detection;
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a digitally adjusting optical receiving module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a principle diagram of a digital adjustment conversion control method in a digital adjustment light receiving module according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a control method of a numerically controlled potentiometer in a digitally regulated light receiving module according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is an electrical schematic diagram of the numerical control potentiometer in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an analog detection output monitoring electrical principle in the digitally regulated light receiving module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the digital adjustment light receiving module according to the present invention, and the flowchart of the digital control light receiving module is implemented. Mode of Carrying Out the Invention
  • the structure of a digitally regulated light receiving module includes a photoelectric conversion circuit 21, a DC / DC boost circuit 22, a limiting amplifier 23 (LIA), an optical power detection voltage output circuit 24, a numerically controlled adjustment circuit 25, Analog-to-digital conversion circuit (A / D) 26 and memory 27.
  • a numerical control adjustment circuit 25 an analog / digital conversion circuit (A / D) 26, and a memory 27 are added, and the potentiometer adjustment of the analog adjustment light receiving module is changed to digital adjustment.
  • RT in the figure is a thermistor, which is used to sense the temperature characteristics of the laser so as to adjust the temperature of the bias voltage of the laser.
  • the photoelectric converter 21 converts the input optical signal into an electric signal, and outputs the data after being amplified by the limiting amplifier 23; the analog-to-digital conversion circuit (A / D) 26 is used to detect the optical power of the laser
  • the present invention adopts digital control to realize the adjustment of related parameters. There can be two implementations, one is to use digital / analog conversion control, as shown in FIG. 5, and the other It is a digital potentiometer, as shown in Figure 6.
  • FIG. 5 is a digital adjustment and monitoring circuit for realizing bias voltage adjustment (high voltage), power detection dark current zero adjustment and LOS reporting predetermined voltage output according to the present invention, which adopts digital-to-analog conversion control (DAC) method Implementation circuit.
  • DAC digital-to-analog conversion control
  • the implementation circuit includes a serial D / A converter (such as 12bit) and an operational amplifier.
  • the serial clock, chip select signal, and serial data enter the D / A converter through the D AC serial interface, and the output signals pass through the op amps.
  • Level conversion is performed, and a predetermined voltage signal is reported for a bias voltage adjustment (high voltage) signal, a power detection dark current zero adjustment signal, and an LOS.
  • V Vref x N Data , where V 0 is the analog voltage output, V REF is the reference voltage, and Data. 2
  • I a DAC digital input
  • N the number of bits in the DAC converter.
  • a digital adjustment and monitoring circuit for realizing bias voltage adjustment (high voltage), zero current detection of power detection, and LOS reporting of a predetermined voltage output is a schematic diagram of a numerical control potentiometer method. It consists of a 64-level numerically controlled potentiometer 61 connected to three op amps. The serial interface of the 64-level numerically controlled potentiometer 61 serially inputs the clock, data and address selection data, and outputs three analog signals, which are level-shifted by the op amp. Form bias voltage adjustment (high voltage), power detection dark current zero adjustment and LOS report predetermined voltage.
  • the numerical control potentiometer is functionally equivalent to a combination of a resistor array and a multi-select analog switch.
  • a 64-level numerical control potentiometer consists of 63 series resistors 1, 2, 63 pairs of potentials between Pl and P2. Divided voltage, and voltage select output by 64 select analog switches (PW), when using different data into the selection register, the corresponding analog switch is closed, which is equivalent to the movement of the contact of a mechanical potentiometer.
  • level conversion circuits are required.
  • the main functions of the three op amps are to achieve level conversion and impedance isolation. Because the output voltage range of the DAC or digitally controlled potentiometer is 0 to the reference voltage (Vref), and the control voltage range of the light receiving module differs depending on the circuit, it needs to be obtained through the conversion of the op amp, or it can be used by using a bipolar crystal. Transistors or MOS devices implement level shifting. In addition, the output impedance of the DAC or NC potentiometer is large and the load capacity is poor. The high input impedance characteristic of the op amp can be used to achieve isolation between the NC potentiometer, the DAC and the controlled circuit.
  • the digital online control of optical power detection is realized by using an A / D conversion unit to convert an analog quantity into a digital quantity, thereby realizing analog output detection and monitoring. It mainly includes directly converting the detected bias high voltage V-APD into a digital quantity, directly converting the optical power (optical power detection output OPM) into a digital quantity, and directly converting the laser temperature detecting output quantity into a digital quantity, A / The D conversion unit outputs serial data. Therefore, the steps of using a multimeter and other instruments to monitor the size during commissioning are eliminated, which greatly improves the efficiency of system commissioning.
  • the ADC device realizes the conversion from analog to digital.
  • the output digital quantity meets:
  • V in is the analog voltage input
  • V REF is the reference voltage
  • N is the number of bits of the ADC converter, and the Vin voltage can be detected from the Data output using this formula.
  • the optical power detection is performed by a calibration method, that is, every 0.5 dbBm within the detection range, the optical power report value of the A / D detection is collected and stored in a certain unit in the memory.
  • the laser temperature detection result is reported after A / D conversion, and the actual temperature value is obtained after calculation and processing.
  • the A / D value and temperature value are stored in a one-to-one corresponding two-dimensional table into a unit in the memory (see below) Table), the temperature value is reported by comparison interpolation method, and the bias voltage value is reported directly by simple calculation.
  • the present invention uses a memory 27 (see FIG. 4) to solve problems such as the historical light receiving module being unable to achieve historical data reproduction. Specifically includes: storing the model of the corresponding module, the date of manufacture, the sensitivity at the time of factory commissioning, the overload point, the maximum value of the bias voltage, and the actual commissioning value, etc., stored in the memory, which can be maintained by remote online query, such as by query A certain parameter in the memory is used to determine the date of manufacture of the module, etc .; In terms of optical power detection, a key point calibration method is used, and the curve is used to fit the entire optical power detection range, using A / D real-time on the optical module. After comparing the collected data, the magnitude of the optical power can be accurately determined; in addition, the memory can also store digitally adjusted initialization parameters.
  • the detection amount when the detection amount is the corresponding laser operating temperature, the comparison between the calibrated A / D value and the corresponding actual temperature value. If a temperature sensor such as a thermistor is used, the detection amount is obtained by calculating the temperature compensation formula.
  • the detected amount is V-APD, the comparison between the calibrated A / D value and the corresponding actual V-APD value; when the detected amount is the corresponding optical power, the difference between the calibrated A / D value and the corresponding actual optical power value Contrast.
  • V— APD 15Vin.
  • Detection value calibration A / D value corresponds to actual value
  • the ADC method is used to collect the temperature of the APD tube in real time by using A / D, and the numerical adjustment of the laser tube bias voltage is finely adjusted by using a numerical control adjustment unit (DAC or digitally controlled potentiometer), thereby achieving accurate bias voltage.
  • DAC numerical control adjustment unit
  • Temperature compensation can also monitor the work of the APD tube, and provide online query of temperature. Utilizing the APD temperature collected in real time by the A / D, and then using D / A to digitally compensate the dark current (varied with temperature) at different ambient temperatures, is conducive to improving the optical power detection accuracy.
  • the process of digitally adjusting and writing the memory module of the light receiving module of the present invention is further described.
  • the first step there are two execution routes for the optical receiver module commissioning, one is to adjust the dark current to zero, and the other is to adjust the bias voltage.
  • step 901 a DA conversion value is set, and a dark current adjustment of the optical power of the optical receiving module is performed.
  • step 902 the optical power detection compensation voltage is adjusted, and under the set DA conversion value, the detected OPM value is sent to the AD converter.
  • the result of the conversion is sent to a central processing unit (CPU) for the CPU to determine whether it meets the requirement of zero light adjustment. If not, it returns to step 901 and resets the DA conversion value. If it is satisfied, it proceeds to step 903.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • Step 904 Set the data input value of the D / A converter to adjust the bias voltage of the laser tube of the light receiving module;
  • Step 905 Adjust the bias voltage, and send the detected bias voltage V_APD of the laser tube to the A / D converter under the set D / A conversion data input value, and send the converted result to the central processing unit ( CPU), for the CPU to determine whether the requirements of the bias voltage are met, if not, return to step 904, reset the DA conversion value, and if it is satisfied, go to step 903;
  • CPU central processing unit
  • Step 903 Store the D / A conversion data input value that meets the requirements into a certain address unit of the memory.
  • Step 906 Input a standard light source, and within 0.5 dBm of the optical power reporting detection range, the reported optical power is detected by the A / D converter and converted into corresponding digital values for point-to-point calibration. Step 907, each calibration The digital value of the reported optical power is stored in a certain address unit of the memory.
  • the third step of commissioning is to perform the calibration of the laser tube working temperature detection: Step 908: Calculate the correspondence between the temperature and the A / D value according to the voltage detected by the temperature sensor, and calibrate an A / D value every 5 ° C in a temperature range, such as -5 to 55 ° C; Step 907: Store each calibrated temperature and the corresponding A / D digital value in a certain address unit of the memory.
  • module parameters (909) related to the factory information, receiving sensitivity, overload point, etc. can be stored in the memory (910).
  • the execution process of the optical receiving module after commissioning and leaving the factory when used in the system includes:
  • Step 101 Load the D / A converter with the value read from the designated memory unit, that is, send digital adjustment initialization parameter data that needs to be DA controlled to the D / A converter for subsequent linear interpolation operation;
  • Step 102 Read out the relevant data value from the memory optical power and temperature parameter storage unit (by address allocation);
  • Step 103 the optical power read in step 102
  • Step 104 the temperature value read in step 102 and the detected ⁇
  • Step 107 According to the temperature detection comparison result of step 104, determine whether the compensation of the dark current of the light power detection at this temperature is compensated according to a given temperature coefficient;
  • Step 106 if the determination result of step 107 is no, adjust the optical power to detect the dark current zeroing compensation voltage through DA adjustment;
  • Step 1 10. If the determination result of step 107 is YES, keep the DA conversion value unchanged; Step 108: Determine whether the bias voltage is compensated according to a given temperature coefficient at the temperature according to the temperature detection and comparison result in step 104;
  • Step 109 if the determination result of step 108 is no, then adjust the bias voltage by DA, and return to step 105;
  • step 110 if the determination result in step 108 is YES, the DA conversion value is maintained.
  • step 105 the offset voltage adjustment result obtained in step 109 is calculated by a formula. The calculation result is reported to the CPU, and the offset voltage Vb is monitored by the ADC.
  • the invention collects the working temperature of the APD tube through A / D, calculates it, and then uses the numerical control adjustment unit to realize the fine adjustment of the bias voltage, thereby achieving accurate temperature compensation for the bias voltage and monitoring the ambient temperature of the APD tube. Provide online inquiry.
  • a / D to collect the working temperature of the APD tube can effectively use D / A to realize the digital compensation of the dark current with temperature changes at different ambient temperatures, which is conducive to improving the optical power detection accuracy. It is a simple and effective implementation the design of.
  • the digital monitoring and adjusting light receiving module of the present invention can realize online debugging, monitoring, etc. Due to the advantages brought by the digital adjustment itself, the optical transmission and light receiving module designed by applying the technology has excellent performance.
  • the module and the adjusting method of the present invention have been tested in optical network communication products and proved to be reliable and feasible.

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Description

数字调节光接收模块及其调节方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种光网络通信系统中的光电转换技术, 更确切地说是 涉及一种光接收模块及其参数的数字调节方法。 发明背景
在光通信网络系统中, 光接收模块主要完成光电转换功能, 因此光 接收模块具有非常重要的地位, 其性能直接影响通信系统的指标和稳定 性。
图 1所示框图是传统采用的模拟调节光接收模块结构, 主要包括三 大功能部件:
( 1 ) 完成光 /电转换的光电转换电路 11 , 输入光信号, 输出微弱电 信号,采用 PIN或 APD激光管(或激光器),图中 13为限幅放大器( LIA ) , 对微弱的电信号进行限幅放大, 以提取时钟、 数据 (DATA ) 。
( 2 )偏置电压调节电路, 为光电接收管提供偏置电压, 不同的 APD 管需提供不同的偏置电压, 即光接收模块中光电接收管的偏置电压可 调, 此外, 对于 APD管, 其偏置电压还能根据 APD管不同的工作温度进 行温度补偿, 图中 12为 DC/DC升压电路, RS为采样电阻, RP2为 DC/DC 升压电路 12的调节电阻, RT为热敏电阻, 采用模拟方式对偏置电压进行 温度补偿。
结合参见图 2 , 是传统光接收模块偏置电压高压调节的一个典型结 构框图, 由集成片 IC、 倍压电路连接构成 DC/DC升压电路, 通过调节电 阻 RP2, 来改变 DC/DC升压电路 FB端的电位 VFB, 再通过集成片 IC内的 反馈电压 Vfb, 最终改变 V— APD高压 (35 ~ 75V ) 。 如图中所示, V— APD = Vfb x R51 ÷ RP2。
不同激光器在不同温度下, 需要提供不同的温度补偿, 即提供不同 的偏置电压, 以使激光器在不同的环境温度下获得较高的接收灵敏度, 补偿系数约为 + 0.08V/°C ~ + 0.15V/°C。 传统的做法是采用外接温度传 感器,用感温检测到的电压来调节反馈电压 Vfb,从而得到不同的 V—APD 偏置电压, 但在实际使用过程中, 是无法做到对 V— APD电压的大小跟踪 检测及调整的, 即补偿不能完全满足每个 APD管的补偿系数。 目前的做 法是根据各个激光器具体的参数, 调节电位器 RP2, 并利用万用表等测 试工具检测偏置电压 V— APD的大小。
( 3 ) 光功率检测电压输出电路 14, 根据光电管的响应电流, 通过 采样(电阻 RP3 )光电接收管上偏置电流的大小来检测光功率。
结合参见图 3 , 是传统的提供暗电流补偿的光功率检测调零电路, 图中 RS是偏置电流采样电阻, 31是 PIN或 APD光电接收管, RP3是暗电 流调零电阻, 运算放大器 OP2输出光功率检测电压 (OPM ) 。 通过调整 电阻 RP3 , 对光功率检测电压输出电路 14进行输出光功率调整, 控制光 电转换电路 11的偏置电流和实现无光输出时的调零, 即暗电流补偿。
目前, 很多光接收模块都设置有信号丢失(LOS: Loss of signal ) 上报功能, 一般通过滞回比较电路上报。 LOS上报可通过预置设定的比 较电压来获得, 通常情况下可设定为在接收光功率灵敏度 3dB下上报。 预置电压的大小目前一般通过电位器分压获得, 调测完毕后即将该点固 定。 采样比较可利用限幅放大芯片用采样信号峰峰值比较, 也可运用光 功率检测电路提供检测电压比较。
上述模拟调节光接收模块结构因其技术成熟, 故而被普遍应用于光 网络电信设备中。 但是由于对该模拟调节光接收模块各个参数的调节均 通过调节电位器实现, 而电位器本身有可靠性差、 容易因老化产生参数 漂移等问题, 因此该结构电路不能做到实时监控及调节, 只能采用人工 方式调节, 而且还需要由素质较高的技术工人来做, 不仅生产效率低, 而且非线性补偿特性不好。
总的来说, 现有技术模拟调节光接收模块的主要缺点是:
( 1 ) 生产调测过程复杂、 成本高, 在线可维护性差。
模拟调节光接收模块参数指标的精度和稳定性主要依赖于电位器 的精度和稳定性, 而电位器是利用机械装置改变滑动点的位置来改变电 阻值, 进而改变激光器工作点的, 机械式电位器触点接触不良及温度特 性方面的问题, 因运输、 振动等造成触点移动的问题, 都会使光接收模 块参数发生漂移;
调节电位器是一个复杂的过程, 难以对接收模块进行自动化生产, 不易形成工业化规模生产, 导致生产成本居高不下;
光接收模块的指标对工人素质、 技术熟练水平的依赖性太大, 难以 保证产品的直通率和一致性;
采用模拟电位器的光接收模块的调测参数难以保留, 厂家难以利用 IT平台建立起产品参数数据库, 而该数据库对维护、 改进产品是具有重 要意义的;
电信级设备要求很高的可靠性和稳定性, 激光器随着使用年限的增 加, 因老化等因素引起参数指标漂移, 采用模拟电位器的光接收模块, 则无法在系统不间断业务情况下实现性能参数的调节。
( 2 ) 参数存储、 采集不便, 光功率数据不直观。
由于没有利用存储器来存储相关参数, 无法在线和及时获得光接收 模块的相关参数, 如调测时的初始偏置电压、 调测时间、 接收灵敏度等 参数; 对于光功率检测方面, 只能检测输出电压大小, 无法在光接收模块 上准确反映出输入光功率的大小。
( 3 ) 非线性补偿能力差。
对于偏置电压的温度补偿, 是采用热敏电阻等模拟方式进行的, 由 于热敏电阻等温度传感器的温度特性, 造成实际补偿曲线无法与真正 APD管的温度曲线重合, 从而在高低温环境下测试出的性能, 会由于温 度补偿原因导致模块接收灵敏度等关键性能下降;
现有技术主要通过检测光电接收管的光电响应电流来检测光功率 的大小, 由于暗电流的存在及其随着环境温度的不同而变化, 导致检测 精度下降, 不能满足当前光功率检测精度越来越高的要求。
目前, 随着数字技术的发展, 许多模拟技术都被数字技术替代。 现 有技术中的模拟调节光接收模块结构也应该采用数字技术实现。 发明内容
本发明的目的是设计一种数字调节光接收模块及其调节方法, 运用 数字技术, 实现光接收模块参数的实时监控、 在线调节和非线性补偿性 能, 包括高压调节及温度补偿、 接收光功率检测时在不同环境温度下的 暗电流补偿等, 并利用存储器保存模块的相关参数及广家型号、 批次等 信息, 能大大提高调测效率和可跟踪性, 有效减低生产和维护成本。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是这样的: 一种数字调节光接收模块, 包括光电转换电路、光功率检测电压输出电路、和由直流 /直流(DC/DC ) 升压电路组成的偏置电压调节电路, 其特征在于:
还包括数字控制调节电路, 对直流 /直流(DC/DC )升压电路的输出 高压进行数学式调节; 还包括一模数( A / D )转换电路, 将检测的激光 器工作温度电压转换成数字量, 和将检测的光功率偏置电压转换成数字 量, 用于控制所述的数字控制调节电路, 进行激光器高压监控、 激光器 温度补偿及激光器在不同环境温度下的暗电流补偿; 还包括一存储器, 用于存储光接收模块参数, 作为数字控制调节电路的调整依据。
所述的数字控制调节电路是一数 /模(D/A) 转换器。
所述的数字控制调节电路是一数字电位器。
实现本发明目的的技术方案还是这样的: 一种数字调节光接收模块 的数字调节方法, 其特征在于包括以下处理步骤:
A. 设置存储器, 存储光接收模块在光功率上报暗电流调零和激光 管偏置电压调整时的数模转换( DA )值, 及在光功率检测标定和温度检 测标定时的模数转换 (AD)值;
B. 从指定的存储器存储单元中取出数模转换 (DA)值, 对 D/A 转换器加载;
C. 从存储器功率检测存储单元中取出数据, 与利用模 /数(A/D) 转换电路检测并转换的光功率模数转换( AD )值进行比较, 比较结果送 模块中央处理单元(CPU)进行线性插值;
D. 从存储器温度检测存储单元中取出数据, 与利用模 /数(A/D) 转换电路检测并转换的温度(AD)值进行比较, 比较结果送模块中央处 理单元( CPU );
E. 模块中央处理单元( CPU)在判断出当前温度下光功率检测暗电 流补偿是按给定的温度系数补偿时保持当前 DA转换值, 在判断出当前 温度下光功率检测暗电流补偿未按给定的温度系数补偿时, 改变步骤 B 中的数模转换(DA)值, 进一步调整光功率检测暗电流调零补偿电压;
F. 模块中央处理单元(CPU)在判断出当前温度下激光管偏置电压 是按给定的温度系数补偿时保持当前数模转换( DA )值, 在判断出当前 温度下激光管偏置电压未按给定的温度系数补偿时, 改变步骤 B中的数 模转换(DA)值, 进一步调整激光管的偏置电压。
所述步骤 A中, 存储光接收模块在光功率上报暗电流调零时的数模 转换 (DA)值, 进一步包括:
A1. 设定一数模转换(DA)值;
A2. 光功率检测运算放大器(OPM)输出值经模数转换送中央处理 单元( CPU );
A3. 中央处理单元(CPU)在判定该输出值(OPM)满足无光调零 要求时, 将当前数模转换(DA)值保存在存储器的存储单元中, 中央处 理单元(CPU)在判定该输出值(OPM)不满足无光调零要求时, 返回 步骤 Al。
所述步骤 A中, 存储光接收模块在调整激光管偏置电压时的数模转 换(DA)值, 进一步包括:
A4. 设定一数模转换(DA)值;
A5. 激光管偏置电压经模数转换送中央处理单元(CPU);
A6. 中央处理单元(CPU)在判定该值满足激光管偏置电压大小时, 将当前数模转换 (DA)值保存在存储器的存储单元中, 中央处理单元 (CPU)在判定该值不满足激光管偏置电压要求时, 返回步骤 Al。
所述步骤 A 中, 存储光接收模块在光功率检测标定时的模数转换 (AD)值, 进一步包括:
A7. 输入标准光源;
A8. 在光功率上报检测范围内,每 0.5dBm进行一次模数转换( AD ) 值的标定, 将标定的模数转换(AD)值存储在存储器的存储单元中。
所述步骤 A中, 所述步骤 A中, 存储光接收模块在温度检测标定时 的模数转换 (AD)值, 进一步包括:
A9. 计算得出温度与模数转换(AD)值间的对应关系; A10. 在一温度范围内, 每 5°C进行一次模数转换(AD )值的标定, 将标定的模数转换(AD )值存储在存储器的存储单元中。
所述的存储器,还存储有与光接收模块相关的参数, 包括模块型号、 生产日期、 调测时的灵敏度、 过载点、 激光管偏置电压的最大值和实际 调测值。
还包括利用所述的中央处理单元(CPU )直接读出模 /数(A / D ) 转换电路输出的激光器偏置电压数字量, 进行实时显示。
本发明的数字监控、 调节光接收模块, 采用数字化技术进行光接收 模块的调节、 监控, 与传统模拟调节光接收模块相比较, 只是稍加改变 基本电路结构, 但侧重改变了进行参数调节的控制方式; 通过增加用于 存储光模块参数的存储器,和增加数字控制器件及 A/D模数转换器件来 取代电位器, 从而真正实现了光接收模块的在线调测、 准确控制和实时 监控功能。
本发明利用包括数字电位器、 D/A转换器的数字调节技术, 实现光 接收模块的在线调测; 本发明在光接收模块上使用 A/D, 来实时监控输 入光功率大小、 APD管工作温度的变化、 和偏置电压的大小;
本发明在光接收模块上使用存储器技术, 来实现相关参数的存储和 在线查询;
本发明采用存储器及 A/D转换器实现对光功率大小的判别; 本发明采用数字控制方式实现激光器偏置电压的数字化补偿与暗 电流的数字化补偿。
实施本发明时, 因模块参数设置和调节需软件参与, 故会增加系统 的软件开销, 但与模拟电位器调 节光模块相比较, 则变其诸多缺点为 优点, 包括: ( 1 )稳定可靠, 数控光接收模块采用数控器件(包括数字电位器、 数模转换器) , 来设置 APD管的偏置电压, 因没有机械触点, 因而使可 靠性、 稳定性和寿命方面更有保证;
( 2 ) 易调测生产成本低, 数控电位器调节采用软件方法实现, 直 接利用软件实现偏置电压大小的调节和检测, 改变了传统的调测方法, 易于实现自动化生产, 提高生产效率, 降低成本;
( 3 ) 易跟踪, 利于采用现有的 IT平台, 组建产品参数数据库, 对 质量保证和产品跟踪提供可能, 因实现自动化生产, 模块生产质量对生 产工人素质的依赖性降低, 利于降低生产成本, 提高产品质量;
( 4 ) 可在线监控, 降低维护成本, 通过网管系统, 可实现光模块 参数的在线查询、 调节、 监控, 通过远程监控快速定位解决相关问题, 降低因维护给电信业务带来的影响;
( 5 )数字化温度补偿简单有效, 通过对光电接收管的温度监控, 在 偏置电压和暗电流补偿上实现数字化的温度补偿, 提高接收灵敏度和光 功率检测精度。 附图简要说明
图 1是传统模拟调节光接收模块结构框图;
图 2是传统光接收模块偏置电压高压调节典型结构框图;
图 3是传统光接收模块光功率检测暗电流补偿调零典型结构框图; 图 4是本发明数字调节光接收模块结构框图;
图 5是本发明数字调节光接收模块中数字调节转换控制方式的原理 图;
图 6 是本发明数字调节光接收模块中数控电位器控制方式的原理 图; 图 7是图 6中数控电位器电原理图;
图 8 是本发明数字调节光接收模块中模拟量检测输出监控电原理 图;
图 9是本发明数字调节光接收模块数控调节实现流程框图; 图 10是本发明数字调节光接收模块实现监控流程框图。 实施本发明的方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细描述。
参见图 4, 为本发明的数字调节光接收模块结构, 包括光电转换电 路 21、 DC/DC升压电路 22、 限幅放大器 23 ( LIA ) 、 光功率检测电压输 出电路 24、 数控调节电路 25、 模 /数转换电路(A/D ) 26和存储器 27。 与 图 1所示模拟调节光接收模块相比较, 增加了数控调节电路 25、 模 /数转 换电路(A/D ) 26和存储器 27, 将模拟调节光接收模块的电位器调节改 变为数控调节。 图中 RT为热敏电阻, 用于感测激光器的温度特性, 以便 对激光器的偏置电压进行温度补偿调节。
光电转换器 21将输入的光信号转变为电信号, 并经限幅放大器 23放 大后输出 (DATA ) ; 模 /数转换电路(A/D ) 26用于检测激光器光功率
(激光管偏置电压) , 并通过模 /数转换电路( A/D ) 26检测热敏电阻 RT 上的电压, 经 A/D转换, 通过查询存储器 27相应地址单元, 获得激光管
( APD ) 工作温度及相应的偏置电压数据, 再经数控调节电路 25 ( D/A 转换)转换成模拟量自动调整 DC/DC升压电路 22, 达到控制激光器偏置 电压大小的目的, 和通过光功率检测对激光器无光时的暗电流作补偿, 从而实现数字式温度补偿微调节。 图中与光功率检测电压输出 24并接的 取样电阻 RS及 DC/DC升压电路 22也均采取温度补偿措施。 为了解决普通模拟电位器存在的诸多缺点, 本发明采用数字控制方 式实现相关参数的调节, 可以有两种实现方式, 一种是采用数 /模转换控 制方式, 如图 5所示, 另一种是采用数字电位器的方式, 如图 6所示。
参见图 5 , 图 5是本发明实现偏置电压调节 (高压) 、 功率检测暗电 流调零及 LOS上报预定电压输出的一种数字调节及监控电路,是采用数 / 模转换控制 (DAC ) 方式的实施电路。
该实施电路包括串行 D/A转换器 (如 12bit ) 和运算放大器, 串行时 钟、 片选信号及串行数据通过 D AC串行接口进入 D/A转换器, 输出信号 分别通过运放器进行电平转换, 为偏置电压调节 (高压)信号、 功率检 测暗电流调零信号及 LOS上报预定电压信号。
利用 DAC实现数字控制量到模拟控制量的转换, 对于 12bit的 DAC 器件来说, 其输出电压满足:
V = Vref x N Data, 其中 V0为模拟电压输出, VREF为参考电压, Data 。 2
为 DAC数字量输入, N为 DAC转换器的位数。
参见图 6, 是本发明实现偏置电压调节 (高压) 、 功率检测暗电流 调零及 LOS上报预定电压输出的一种数字调节及监控电路, 是采用数控 电位器方式的原理图。 由 64级数控电位器 61连接三运放器构成, 64级数 控电位器 61的串行接口串行输入时钟、 数据和地址选择数据, 分别输出 三个模拟信号, 经运放器电平转换, 形成偏置电压调节 (高压) 、 功率 检测暗电流调零及 LOS上报预定电压。
参见图 7 , 数控电位器从功能结构上相当于电阻阵列与多路选择模 拟开关的组合, 如图中, 64级数控电位器由 63个串联电阻 1、 2 63 对 Pl、 P2两点间电位分压, 和由 64路选择模拟开关进行电压选择输出 ( PW ) , 使用时通过对选择寄存器写入不同的数据, 使相应的模拟开 关闭合, 相当于机械式电位器触点的移动。
图 5、 图 6中都需增加电平转换电路, 三个运放器的主要功能是实现 电平转换和进行阻抗隔离。 由于 DAC或数控电位器输出的电压范围为 0 至参考电压 (Vref ) , 而光接收模块的控制电压范围因电路不同而存在 差异, 就需通过运放器转换获得, 也可通过使用双极晶体三极管或 MOS 器件实现电平转换。 另外, DAC或数控电位器的输出阻抗较大, 负载能 力较差, 可利用运放器的高输入阻抗特性实现数控电位器、 DAC与被控 电路间的隔离。
参见图 8 , 本发明光功率检测数字化在线控制的实现, 是通过采用 A/D转换单元, 将模拟量转化为数字量, 实现模拟量检测输出监控。 主 要包括将检测的偏置高压 V—APD直接转换为数字量、 将光功率的大小 (光功率检测输出 OPM )直接转化为数字量, 和直接将激光器温度检测 输出量转化为数字量, A/D转换单元输出串行数据。 从而免去了在调测 时通过使用万用表等仪表来监控其大小的步骤, 大大提高了系统调测的 效率。
以 12位 A/D为例, ADC器件实现模拟量到数字量的转换, 对于 12bit ADC器件, 其输出数字量满足:
Data 2N , 其中 Vin为模拟电压输入, VREF为参考电压, Data
Figure imgf000013_0001
为 ADC数字量输出, N为 ADC转换器的位数, 利用该公式即可从 Data输 出量检测出 Vin电压大小。
为提高检测精度, 光功率检测通过标定方式进行, 即在检测范围内 每间隔 0.5dbBm,采集 A/D检测的光功率上报值, 并将其存入存储器内的 某一单元中。 激光器温度检测结果经 A/D转换后上报, 经计算处理后得到实际温 度值, 将 A/D值及温度值以一一对应的二维表形式存入存储器内的某一 单元中 (见下表) , 通过比较插值方法上报温度值, 和通过简单的计算 直接上报偏置电压值。
本发明在光接收模块中, 使用存储器 27 (见图 4 ) , 来解决以往光 接收模块无法实现历史数据再现等问题。具体包括:将对应模块的型号、 生产日期、 出厂调测时的灵敏度、 过载点、 偏置电压的最大值及实际调 测值等存储在存储器中, 可通过在线远程查询进行维护, 如通过查询存 储器内某一参数来确知模块的出厂日期等等; 在光功率检测方面, 采用 关键点标定方法, 通过对整个光功率检测范围内使用曲线拟合的方式, 利用光模块上 A/D实时采集的数据, 再经过对比, 即可准确判别光功率 的大小; 此外, 存储器还可存储数字调节的初始化参数。
表格中, 在检测量是对应的激光器工作温度时, 标定 A/D值与对应 的实际温度值之间的对照, 如果采用温度传感器, 如热敏电阻等, 检测 量经温度补偿公式的计算获得; 在检测量是 V—APD时, 标定 A/D值与对 应的实际 V— APD值间的对照, 在检测量是对应光功率时, 标定 A/D值与 对应的实际光功率值间的对照。
在光功率检测时, 计算实际 V— APD值所使用的公式是:
Data 23H, 采用 15倍电阻分
Figure imgf000014_0001
压, 即 V— APD=15Vin。
不同激光器在不同的温度下, 需通过改变偏置电压来进行温度补 偿, 偏置电压大小体现出温度补偿量, 以使激光器在不同的环境温度下 都能获得较高的接收灵敏度。 检测量 标定 A/D值 对应实际值
612H - 5。C
51EH 0°C
对应温度;^测
4ABH 5 'C
21CH 55 °C
对应 V— APD电压 6E3H
6E3H x ^r x l5 =32.28V 212
008H - 32.0dBm
01 DH - 31 .5dBm
013H - 30.0dBm 对应光功率检测
019H - 29.0dBm
01 EH - 28.0dBm
025H - 27.0dBm
6EAH - 9.0dBm
在传统的设计中, 只采用热敏电阻等模拟方式进行补偿, 其补偿曲 线无法与真正 APD管的温度曲线相重合。 本发明通过采用 ADC方式, 利 用 A/D实时采集 APD管的温度, 通过计算, 再利用数控调节单元(DAC 或数控电位器) 实现激光管偏置电压微调节, 从而实现对偏置电压进行 准确的温度补偿, 同时还可监控 APD管的工作, 提供温度的在线查询。 利用 A/D实时采集到的 APD管温度,再利用 D/A实现在不同环境温度下对 暗电流(随温度变化) 的数字化补偿, 有利于提高光功率检测精度。
结合参见图 9, 进一步说明本发明光接收模块的数字调节、 写存储 器模块的流程。 包括调测第一步: 常温 25 °C下对光接收模块进行调测; 调测第二步: 光功率检测标定; 和第三步: 激光器温度检测标定。 其中第一步, 光接收模块调测有两条执行路线, 一是暗电流调零, 二是偏置电压调节。
关于暗电流调零:
步骤 901, 设定 DA转换值, 进行光接收模块的光功率上报暗电流调 步骤 902, 调节光功率检测补偿电压, 在该设定的 DA转换值下, 将 检测的 OPM值送 AD转换器, 转换后结果送中央处理单元 (CPU ) , 供 CPU判断是否满足无光调零的要求,如果不满足则返回步骤 901,重新设 定 DA转换值, 如果满足则往下执行步骤 903。
关于偏置电压调节:
步骤 904, 设定 D/A转换器的数据输入值, 进行光接收模块激光管偏 置电压的调节;
步骤 905, 调节偏置电压, 在该设定的 D/A转换数据输入值下, 将检 测到的激光管的偏置电压 V— APD送 A/D转换器, 转换后结果送中央处理 单元(CPU ) , 供 CPU判断是否满足偏置电压的要求, 如果不满足则返 回步骤 904, 重新设定 DA转换值, 如果满足则往下执行步驟 903;
步骤 903 ,将满足要求的 D/A转换数据输入值存储到存储器的某一地 址单元中。
调测第二步, 光功率检测标定:
步骤 906, 输入标准光源, 在光功率上报检测范围内, 每隔 0.5dBm, 由 A/D转换器检测上报光功率, 并转换成相应的数字值作逐点标定; 步骤 907, 将每一标定的上报光功率的数字值存储在存储器的某一 地址单元中。
调测第三步, 进行激光管工作温度检测标定: 步骤 908, 根据温度传感器检测的电压, 计算获得温度与 A/D值的对 应关系, 并在一温度范围内, 如- 5 ~ 55 °C内, 每隔 5 °C标定一个 A/D值; 步骤 907,将每一标定的温度与对应的 A/D数字值存储在存储器的某 一地址单元中。
除了将调测过程中 DA、 AD的相关数据值写入存储器中外, 还可将 相关的出厂信息、 接收灵敏度、 过载点等模块参数 (909 )存储在存储 器中 (910 ) 。
上述对存储器的写入过程完成后, 调测过程结束, 对存储器作写保 护处理后结束。
参见图 10 , 经调测出厂后的光接收模块在系统中使用时的执行过程 包括:
步骤 101, 用从指定存储器单元中读出的值加载 D/A转换器, 即将需 要进行 DA控制的数字调节初始化参数数据送入 D/A转换器中,供进行后 续的线性插值运算;
步骤 102, 从存储器光功率及温度参数存储单元中 (经地址分配) 读出相关的数据值;
步骤 103 ,将步骤 102读出的光功
的数据值比较, 比较结果上报 CPU;
步骤 104,将步骤 102读出的温度值与检测的 ^
据值比较, 比较结果上报 CPU;
步骤 107, 根据步骤 104的温度检测比较结果, 判定在该温度下光功 率检测暗电流补偿是否按给定温度系数补偿;
步骤 106,若步骤 107的判定结果为否,则通过 DA调整光功率检测暗 电流调零补偿电压;
步骤 1 10, 若步骤 107的判定结果为是, 则保持 DA转换值不变; 步骤 108, 根据步骤 104的温度检测比较结果, 判定在该温度下偏置 电压是否按给定温度系数补偿;
步骤 109, 若步骤 108的判定结果为否, 则通过 DA调整偏置电压, 并 返回步骤 105;
步骤 110, 若步骤 108的判定结果为是, 则保持 DA转换值不变; 步骤 105, 通过公式计算由步骤 109获得的偏置电压调整结果, 计算 结果上报 CPU, 偏置电压 Vb通过 ADC监控。
在传统的设计中, 只采用了热敏电阻等模拟方式补偿, 补偿曲线无 法与真正 APD管的温度曲线重合, 从而在高低温环境下测试其性能会由 于温度补偿原因导致接收灵敏度等关键性能下降。 本发明通过 A/D采集 APD管工作温度,经过计算,再利用数控调节单元实现偏置电压微调节, 从而实现了对偏置电压进行准确的温度补偿, 同时可以监控 APD管工作 的环境温度, 提供在线查询。
采用 A/D采集到 APD管工作温度, 可以有效地利用 D/A实现在不同 的环境温度下对暗电流随温度变化的数字化补偿, 有利于提高光功率检 测精度, 是一种实现简单且有效的设计。
本发明的数字监控、 调节光接收模块, 可实现在线调测、 监控等, 因数字化调节自身带来的优点, 使应用了该技术设计的光发送、 光接收 模块具有优良的性能。
本发明的模块及调节方法, 经在光网络通信产品中试用, 证明具有 可靠性和可行性。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种数字调节光接收模块, 包括光电转换电路、 光功率检测 电压输出电路、 和由直流 /直流(DC/DC)升压电路组成的偏置电压调节 电路, 其特征在于:
还包括数字控制调节电路, 对直流 /直流(DC/DC)升压电路的输出 高压进行数学式调节; 还包括一模数(A/D)转换电路, 将检测的激光 器工作温度电压转换成数字量, 和将检测的光功率偏置电压转换成数字 量, 用于控制所述的数字控制调节电路, 进行激光器高压监控、 激光器 温度补偿及激光器在不同环境温度下的暗电流补偿; 还包括一存储器, 用于存储光接收模块参数, 作为数字控制调节电路的调整依据。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种数字调节光接收模块, 其特征在 于: 所述的数字控制调节电路是一数 /模 (D/A)转换器。
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种数字调节光接收模块, 其特征在 于: 所述的数字控制调节电路是一数字电位器。
4、 一种数字调节光接收模块的数字调节方法, 其特征在于包括 以下处理步骤:
A. 设置存储器, 存储光接收模块在光功率上报暗电流调零和激光 管偏置电压调整时的数模转换(DA)值, 及在光功率检测标定和温度检 测标定时的模数转换(AD)值;
B. 从指定的存储器存储单元中取出数模转换(DA)值, 对 D/A 转换器加载;
C. 从存储器功率检测存储单元中取出数据, 与利用模 /数(A/D) 转换电路检测并转换的光功率模数转换( AD )值进行比较, 比较结果送 模块中央处理单元 (CPU)进行线性插值; D. 从存储器温度检测存储单元中取出数据, 与利用模 /数(A/D) 转换电路检测并转换的温度( AD )值进行比较, 比较结果送模块中央处 理单元(CPU);
E. 中央处理单元 (CPU)判断当前温度下光功率检测暗电流补偿 是否按给定的温度系数补偿, 如果是保持当前 DA值, 否则改变步骤 B 中的数模转换(DA)值, 进一步调整光功率检测暗电流调零补偿电压;
F. 模块中央处理单元(CPU)判断当前温度下激光管偏置电压是否 按给定的温度系数补偿, 如果是则保持当前数模转换(DA)值, 否则, 改变步骤 B中的数模转换(DA)值, 进一步调整激光管的偏置电压。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种数字调节光接收模块的数字调节 方法, 其特征在于所述步骤 A中, 存储光接收模块在光功率上报暗电流 调零时的数模转换(DA)值, 进一步包括:
A1. 设定一数模转换(DA)值;
A2. 光功率检测运算放大器( OPM )输出值经模数转换送中央处理 单元( CPU );
A3. 中央处理单元(CPU)判定该输出值(OPM)是否满足无光调 零要求,如果是则将当前数模转换( DA )值保存在存储器的存储单元中, 否则返回步骤 Al。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种数字调节光接收模块的数字调节 方法, 其特征在于所述步骤 A中, 存储光接收模块在调整激光管偏置电 压时的数模转换 (DA)值, 进一步包括:
A4. 设定一数模转换(DA)值;
A5. 激光管偏置电压经模数转换送中央处理单元(CPU);
A6. 中央处理单元(CPU)判定该值是否满足激光管偏置电压大小, 如果是则将当前数模转换(DA)值保存在存储器的存储单元中, 否则返 回步骤 Al。
7、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种数字调节光接收模块的数字调节 方法, 其特征在于所述步骤 A中, 存储光接收模块在光功率检测标定时 的模数转换(AD )值, 进一步包括:
A7. 输入标准光源;
A8.在光功率上报检测范围内,每 0.5dBm进行一次模数转换( AD ) 值的标定, 将标定的模数转换(AD )值存储在存储器的存储单元中。
8、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种数字调节光接收模块的数字调节 方法, 其特征在于所述步骤 A中, 存储光接收模块在温度检测标定时的 模数转换(AD )值, 进一步包括:
A9. 计算得出温度与模数转换(AD )值间的对应关系;
A10. 在一温度范围内, 每 5°C进行一次模数转换(AD )值的标定, 将标定的模数转换 (AD )值存储在存储器的存储单元中。
9、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种数字调节光接收模块的数字调节 方法, 其特征在于: 所述的存储器,还存储有与光接收模块相关的参数, 包括模块型号、 生产日期、 调测时的灵敏度、 过载点、 激光管偏置电压 的最大值和实际调测值。
10、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种数字调节光接收模块的数字调节 方法, 其特征在于: 还包括利用所述的中央处理单元(CPU ) 直接读出 模 /数( A / D )转换电路输出的激光器偏置电压数字量,进行实时显示。
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