WO2003074602A2 - Utilisation d'une silice pretraitee dans une composition silicone reticulable par polycondensation, comme agent de stabilisation de moules obtenus a partir de cette composition - Google Patents
Utilisation d'une silice pretraitee dans une composition silicone reticulable par polycondensation, comme agent de stabilisation de moules obtenus a partir de cette composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003074602A2 WO2003074602A2 PCT/FR2003/000655 FR0300655W WO03074602A2 WO 2003074602 A2 WO2003074602 A2 WO 2003074602A2 FR 0300655 W FR0300655 W FR 0300655W WO 03074602 A2 WO03074602 A2 WO 03074602A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- use according
- molds
- silane
- silicone
- composition
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
- B29C33/40—Plastics, e.g. foam or rubber
- B29C33/405—Elastomers, e.g. rubber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2883/00—Use of polymers having silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only, in the main chain, as mould material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of silicone elastomer compositions crosslinkable by polycondensation.
- the polyorganosiloxanes (POS) considered are of the cold vulcanizable type (RTV), knowing that conventionally they are in the form of two-component systems (RTV-2). These products are particularly known for their applications in the field of molding where they are used for the manufacture of molds.
- silicone elastomeric compositions crosslinking by polycondensation reaction which have improved characteristics of sensitivity to the compounds contained in the compositions intended to be molded.
- the present invention relates to the use of a silicone filler optionally treated in silicone elastomer compositions crosslinkable by polycondensation in order to reduce the harmful action of the compounds contained in the molding compositions and allowing the silicone composition to retain its mechanical properties.
- the silicone compositions of the cold vulcanizable elastomer type advantageously in the form of two components (RTV-2) are particularly suitable for taking an impression, reproducing the shapes or creating shapes by molding. This is explained by the fact that these compositions are endowed with properties of fluidity and of filmogeneity before crosslinking allowing their use for taking impressions, but also of constituting suitable molds from impressions, after crosslinking which causes the hardening of the silicone elastomer.
- the good thermal resistance of the crosslinked RTVs allows the molds produced from these materials to withstand the high melting temperatures of certain molding materials such as metals.
- the production of RTV silicone elastomer molds is particularly advantageous for obtaining small series for which the cost and the duration of making the mold are not prohibitive, contrary to what is observed when the mold is metallic.
- This styrene then partially polymerizes into polystyrene inside the silicone matrix, with the formation of an interpenetrating network based on polysiloxane and polystyrene. This results in a deterioration of the elastic and mechanical properties of the mold, then after a certain number of mold releases by the appearance of micro-cracks which make it unusable.
- a second phenomenon at the origin of the faster deterioration of silicone molds is that, manufacturers of molded parts use lower quality resins in the interests of profitability.
- these resins contain a higher proportion of pulverulent fillers and require significantly increasing the crosslinking temperatures of the resins.
- the molds are then directly subjected to this temperature increase. The latter begin to swell, these swellings then significantly reducing their lifespan.
- document EP-B-0 404 325 describes a method intended to improve the service life of molds made of silicone elastomers, consisting in depositing on the surface of the mold in contact with an amine-based molding composition, a protective layer based on silane, such as chloropropyltrimethoxysilane.
- a protective layer based on silane, such as chloropropyltrimethoxysilane.
- the silanes constituting the protective layer are generally in the form of a mixture with an appropriate solvent such as isopropryl alcohol.
- an appropriate solvent such as isopropryl alcohol
- crosslinkable silicone composition comprising, in addition to the constituents commonly used in such a composition, reinforcement co-fillers, such as needle fillers based on CaO and SiO 2 or CaSiO 3 ; circular fillers based on ceramic and in particular on silica-alumina ceramic.
- the main objective of the present invention is to provide a silicone elastomer composition crosslinkable by polycondensation having improved properties of resistance to the solvents used in the molding compositions.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a silicone elastomer composition crosslinkable by polycondensation intended to form molds whose lifespan is significantly improved.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a silicone elastomer composition crosslinkable by polycondensation intended to form molds whose mechanical properties are stable over time.
- the present invention therefore relates to the use of silica pretreated with a silane, in a silicone composition crosslinkable by polycondensation reaction, elastomer precursor intended for the production of molds for polymeric materials, as stabilizing agent for said elastomer in order to 'improve the longevity of said molds.
- the silica used is a ground quartz.
- R 1 is independently a saturated or unsaturated alkoxy C ⁇ -C 6, preferably in C ⁇ -C 4, a saturated or unsaturated alkyl, with C ⁇ -C 6, preferably in C ⁇ -C 4;
- R 2 is independently a hydrogen atom or a chlorine atom; a and b are between 0 and 4, and a + b is equal to 4.
- this silane is an alkylated silane.
- the quartz thus treated is, for example, distributed by the company Silbelco Belgium.
- the ground and treated quartz used consists of particles whose average size is 3 ⁇ m.
- the silicone composition crosslinkable by polycondensation is of the type of those comprising:
- (B) optionally at least one silane comprising at least three condensable or hydrolysable groups, when (A) is an oil with hydroxy ends;
- (C) optionally a catalytically effective amount of a polycondensation catalyst
- composition can also comprise:
- (E) optionally at least one reinforcing and / or semi-reinforcing filler; (F) optionally at least one other additive or adjuvant.
- diorganopolysiloxane oils (A) which can be used in the compositions according to the invention are more particularly those corresponding to formula (I):
- Y n SiR 3-n O (SiR 2 O) x SiR 3-n Y n (I) in which: - R represents identical or different monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, Y represents identical or hydrolysable or condensable groups (other than OH) or different, or hydroxy groups, n is chosen from 1, 2 and 3 with n 1, when Y is a hydroxy, and x is an integer greater than 1, preferably greater than 10.
- the viscosity of the oils of formula ( I) is between 50 and 10 6 mPa.s at 25 ° C.
- radicals R mention may be made of alkyl radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, butyl, hexyl and octyl, vinyl radicals, phenyl radicals.
- substituted R radicals mention may be made of trifluoro-3,3,3 propyl, chlorophenyl and betacyanoethyl radicals.
- At least 60%, preferably at least 80%, in number of the radicals R are methyl radicals, the other radicals generally being phenyl and / or vinyl radicals (in particular at most 1%).
- hydrolyzable groups Y mention may be made of amino, acylamino, aminoxy, ketiminoxy, iminoxy, enoxy, alkoxy, alkoxy-alkylene-oxy, acyloxy and phosphato groups and, for example, among these: - for groups Y amino: n-butylamino, sec-butylamino and cyclohexylamino groups, for substituted N acylamino groups: the benzoyl-amino group, for aminoxy groups: dimethylaminoxy, diethylaminoxy, dioctylaminoxy and diphenylaminoxy groups, - for iminoxy and ketiminoxy groups: derivatives of acetophenone oxime, acetone oxime, benzophenone oxime, methyl ethyl ketoxime, diisopropyl ketoxime and chlorocyclohexanone oxime, for the Y alkoxy groups: groups having from 1 to
- acyloxy Y groups groups having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as formyloxy, acetoxy, propionyloxy and 2-ethylhexanoyloxy groups
- phosphato Y groups those derived from dimethyl phosphate, diethyl phosphate and phosphate groups dibutyl.
- condensable groups Y mention may be made of hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms, preferably chlorine.
- These base oils are, for the most part, marketed by silicone manufacturers.
- their manufacturing techniques are well known; they are described, for example, in French patents FR-A-1,134,005, FR-A-1,198,749, FR-A-1,226,745.
- n is then equal to 1 and it is desirable, in order to prepare polyorganosiloxane elastomers from these polymers of formula (I), to use, in addition to the catalysts of condensation, crosslinking agents (B) which are silanes of general formula:
- R has the meanings given above in formula (I), Y 'represents hydrolysable or condensable groups, identical or different, and a is equal to 3 or 4.
- the examples given for the groups Y are applicable to the groups Y'.
- silanes (B) of formula (II) there may be mentioned more particularly polyacyloxysilanes, polyalkoxysilanes, polyketiminoxysilanes and polyiminoxysilanes.
- silanes (B), above combined with ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydroxylated polydiorganosiloxanes of formula (I), are used in stable two-component compositions, protected from air.
- monomeric silanes of formula (II) which, associated with ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydroxylated polydiorganosiloxanes of formula (I) can advantageously be used in two-component compositions, mention may be made of polyalkoxysilanes.
- crosslinking agent of formula (II) Generally 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of crosslinking agent of formula (II) are used per 100 parts by weight of polymer of formula (I).
- the crosslinking agents (B) of formula (II) are products available on the silicone market; moreover, their use in compositions which harden at room temperature is known; it appears in particular in French patents FR-A- 1,126,411, FR-A-1,179,969, FR-A-1,189,216, FR-A-1,198,749,
- crosslinking agents (B) prefers alkyltrialkoxysilanes, alkyl silicates and alkyl polysilicates, in which the organic radicals are alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the polyorganosiloxane crosslinkable compositions of elastomer of the type described above may especially comprise from 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 3 parts by weight, of polycondensation catalyst (C) per 100 parts by weight of polysiloxane of formula (I).
- Such a composition is especially crosslinkable when cold by the use of a tin catalyst.
- Tin catalysts are abundantly described in the above literature; it can in particular be a tin salt of a mono- or dicarboxylic acid. These tin carboxylates are described in particular in the work of NOLL (Chemistry and Technology of Silicones, page 337, Académie Press, 1968, 2 nd edition). Mention may in particular be made of naphthenate, octanoate, oleate, butyrate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, dimethyltin didecanoate.
- the reaction product of a dialkyldialcoxysilane with a tin carboxylate can also be used as described in the patent. US-A-3,862,919.
- the reaction product of an alkyl silicate or of an alkyltrialkoxysilane can also be used on dibutyltin diacetate as described in Belgian patent BE-A-842,305. It is also possible to use the phenyltrimethoxysilane-dimethyltin didecanoate pair.
- the stabilizing agent (D) based on pretreated silica that is used in an amount of 10 to 30% by weight relative to the total silicone composition, preferably between 15 and 25%, and even more preferably between 18 and 22 %.
- the reinforcing filler (E), when it is used, is chosen from precipitation or combustion silicas. It has in particular a specific surface, measured according to the BET method, of at least 50 m / g, preferably greater than 70 m / g, an average dimension of the primary particles preferably less than 0.1 ⁇ m (micrometer) and a bulk density preferably less than 200 g / liter.
- silicas can be incorporated as such or after having been treated beforehand with organosilicon compounds usually used for this use. These silicas can also be incorporated as they are and treated in situ.
- the semi-reinforcing fillers (E), when used, have a particle diameter preferably greater than 0.1 ⁇ m (micrometer) and are in particular chosen from silicas such as, for example, calcined clays and diatomaceous earth. It is generally possible to use from 0 to 100 parts, preferably from 5 to 80 parts of filler per 100 parts of oil (A).
- the composition can comprise at least one additive for resistance to molding materials.
- This additive is chosen, for example, from: - (li) phosphites, in particular alkyl phosphites, mixed aryl and alkyl phosphites, aryl phosphites and various phosphites;
- HALS congested amines of type N-OR, N-R and N-H (Hindered
- EP-A-432 096, EP-A-787 766 and FR-A-773 165 are sold under the name Tinuvin® by Ciba Geigy, Novartis or Sankyo.
- the bases of silicone compositions defined generally above are well known to those skilled in the art. They are described in detail in the literature and most are commercially available. These compositions crosslink at room temperature in the presence of moisture provided by the air and / or contained in the composition. They consist essentially of compositions with two components or with two packages, preferably comprising an oil (A) ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydroxy diorganopolysiloxane, a silane (B), and a catalyst (C) which is preferably a metallic compound. a tin compound.
- compositions are described in US-A-3,678,002, US-A-3,888,815, US-A-3,933,729, US-A-4,064,096 and GB-A-2,032,936.
- compositions comprise: (A): 100 parts of an ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydroxydiorganopolysiloxane oil with a viscosity of 50 to 300,000 mPa.s whose organic radicals are chosen from methyl, ethyl and vinyl radicals , phenyl and trifluoro-3,3,3 propyl, at least 60%, preferably 80%, by number being methyl radicals, up to 20% by number which may be phenyl radicals, at most 2% which may be radicals vinyls,
- Rhodorsil® RTV 585 and Rhodorsil® RTV 555 are particularly suitable, in which the stabilizing agent (D) is added.
- the polycondensation compositions can also optionally comprise from 10 to 130 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane oil (s) blocked at each of the chain ends by a (CH 3 ) 3 SiOo unit , 5 , with a viscosity at 25 ° C of between 10 and 5000 mPa.s, per 100 parts of oil (s) (A), as additive (s) or adjuvant (s) (F).
- s polydimethylsiloxane oil
- A oil
- additive s
- compositions may also optionally include adjuvants known per se, for accelerating or slowing crosslinking, pigments and / or specific adjuvants.
- the compositions according to the invention can be shaped, extruded and in particular molded onto a shape which one wishes to take the imprint, then be hardened at room temperature into an elastomer at atmospheric humidity or by addition of water. Slight heating to, for example, 20 to 80 ° C can accelerate curing.
- a stabilizing agent based on pretreated silica as defined above is particularly recommended for the stabilization of silicone elastomers constituting molds intended for molding polyester parts, in order to prevent, within the 'silicone elastomer, the polymerization of styrene from polyester resin without interfering with the polymerization at the heart and on the surface of the polyester.
- Another object of the invention relates to a process for producing molds, in particular molds for molding polymer materials, characterized in that it consists in using in the silicone composition crosslinkable by precursor polycondensation of the elastomer constituting said mold, a silica pretreated with a silane as stabilizing agent for the elastomer constituting the mold.
- Yet another object of the present invention relates to molds as obtained from the above process.
- the examples which follow, given by way of non-limiting example, will allow a better understanding of the invention.
- Examples 1 to 3 Preparation of silicone compositions crosslinking RTV-2 by polycondensation reaction and measurement of their mechanical and rheological properties.
- RTV used is a two-component product or RTV-2 which is Rhodorsil® RTV 585, marketed by Rhodia Silicones, in which the stabilizing additive based on ground quartz is treated.
- Table 2 below groups together the values of the rheological and mechanical properties measured after 24 hours, as well as the compositions of the various compositions tested.
- RTV-2 silicone composition equivalent to that described in the previous examples, is prepared with different amounts of TST-8000 additive. As in the previous example, a measurement of the rheological and mechanical properties is carried out after 24 hours. Table 3 groups the results:
- the mechanical properties were measured on the first film after 24 hours of crosslinking.
- Test specimens (tear strength and elongation at break) are cut from the second film. These test pieces are soaked for 7 hours in a styrene bath (unsaturated polyester resin 2126AP). They are then dried and then used for the measurement of mechanical properties.
- Example 4 In order to confirm these results, the measurements carried out in Example 4 were reproduced with the silicone composition Rhodorsil® RTV-555.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003573064A JP2005536576A (ja) | 2002-03-01 | 2003-02-28 | 予備処理されたシリカからなる、重縮合架橋性シリコーン組成物から得られる型を安定化させるための安定剤 |
US10/506,207 US20050171278A1 (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2003-02-28 | Use of a pretreated silica in a silicone composition crosslinkable by polycondensation, as agent for stabilizing moulds obtained from said composition |
AU2003222952A AU2003222952A1 (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2003-02-28 | Use of a pretreated silica in a silicone composition crosslinkable by polycondensation, as agent for stabilizing moulds obtained from said composition |
EP03718918A EP1483322A2 (fr) | 2002-03-01 | 2003-02-28 | Utilisation d'une silice pretraitee dans une composition silicone reticulable par polycondensation, comme agent de stabilisation de moules obtenus a partir de cette composition |
CA002477492A CA2477492A1 (fr) | 2002-03-01 | 2003-02-28 | Utilisation d'une silice pretraitee dans une composition silicone reticulable par polycondensation, comme agent de stabilisation de moules obtenus a partir de cette composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN02123133.8 | 2002-03-01 | ||
CNB021231338A CN100386372C (zh) | 2002-03-01 | 2002-03-01 | 预处理二氧化硅作为稳定剂的用途 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003074602A2 true WO2003074602A2 (fr) | 2003-09-12 |
WO2003074602A3 WO2003074602A3 (fr) | 2004-03-04 |
Family
ID=27768589
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2003/000655 WO2003074602A2 (fr) | 2002-03-01 | 2003-02-28 | Utilisation d'une silice pretraitee dans une composition silicone reticulable par polycondensation, comme agent de stabilisation de moules obtenus a partir de cette composition |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050171278A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1483322A2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2005536576A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN100386372C (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003222952A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2477492A1 (fr) |
TW (1) | TWI289585B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003074602A2 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019002705A1 (fr) | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | Elkem Silicones France Sas | Procédé de fabrication de moules en élastomère silicone |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4716043B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-21 | 2011-07-06 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 室温硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0010478A1 (fr) * | 1978-10-24 | 1980-04-30 | Rhone-Poulenc Industries | Compositions organopolysiloxaniques durcissables en élastomères pour la fabrication de moules |
US5200440A (en) * | 1989-11-02 | 1993-04-06 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Organosilicone-treated silica and a composition containing it |
US6172150B1 (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 2001-01-09 | Wacker-Chemie Gmbh | Room-temperature vulcanizing condensation-crosslinking silicone rubbers |
EP1312648A2 (fr) * | 2001-11-14 | 2003-05-21 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Composition de caoutchouc de silicone durcissable à température ambiante |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1026986C (zh) * | 1987-10-20 | 1994-12-14 | 三井石油化学工业株式会社 | 耐热橡胶组合物 |
FR2649116B1 (fr) * | 1989-06-29 | 1991-09-27 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Composition organopolysiloxane monocomposante a stabilite au stockage amelioree |
US5679726A (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 1997-10-21 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method of making a foundation polydiorganosiloxane-silica mixture, the resulting mixture and a room temperature curing sealant made from the foundation mixture |
US6388001B1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2002-05-14 | General Electric Company | Compounding filled silicone compositions |
US6444154B1 (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2002-09-03 | General Electric Company | Continuous preparation of a liquid silicone rubber composition |
FR2832412B1 (fr) * | 2001-11-19 | 2003-12-19 | Atofina | Polymere fonctionnel reticulable permettant la fabrication de materiaux conducteurs de la lumiere |
-
2002
- 2002-03-01 CN CNB021231338A patent/CN100386372C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-02-27 TW TW092104218A patent/TWI289585B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-02-28 JP JP2003573064A patent/JP2005536576A/ja active Pending
- 2003-02-28 CA CA002477492A patent/CA2477492A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-28 US US10/506,207 patent/US20050171278A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-28 WO PCT/FR2003/000655 patent/WO2003074602A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2003-02-28 AU AU2003222952A patent/AU2003222952A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-28 EP EP03718918A patent/EP1483322A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0010478A1 (fr) * | 1978-10-24 | 1980-04-30 | Rhone-Poulenc Industries | Compositions organopolysiloxaniques durcissables en élastomères pour la fabrication de moules |
US5200440A (en) * | 1989-11-02 | 1993-04-06 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Organosilicone-treated silica and a composition containing it |
US6172150B1 (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 2001-01-09 | Wacker-Chemie Gmbh | Room-temperature vulcanizing condensation-crosslinking silicone rubbers |
EP1312648A2 (fr) * | 2001-11-14 | 2003-05-21 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Composition de caoutchouc de silicone durcissable à température ambiante |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019002705A1 (fr) | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | Elkem Silicones France Sas | Procédé de fabrication de moules en élastomère silicone |
US11597123B2 (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2023-03-07 | Elkem Silicones France Sas | Method for producing silicone elastomer molds |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1442444A (zh) | 2003-09-17 |
CA2477492A1 (fr) | 2003-09-12 |
CN100386372C (zh) | 2008-05-07 |
TWI289585B (en) | 2007-11-11 |
AU2003222952A1 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
TW200424263A (en) | 2004-11-16 |
JP2005536576A (ja) | 2005-12-02 |
EP1483322A2 (fr) | 2004-12-08 |
WO2003074602A3 (fr) | 2004-03-04 |
US20050171278A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
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