WO2003065026A2 - Detecteur de gaz sur substrat mince - Google Patents
Detecteur de gaz sur substrat minceInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003065026A2 WO2003065026A2 PCT/FR2003/000246 FR0300246W WO03065026A2 WO 2003065026 A2 WO2003065026 A2 WO 2003065026A2 FR 0300246 W FR0300246 W FR 0300246W WO 03065026 A2 WO03065026 A2 WO 03065026A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- gas detector
- detector according
- heating electrode
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
- G01N27/122—Circuits particularly adapted therefor, e.g. linearising circuits
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gas detector comprising a substrate, a heating electrode arranged on one side of the substrate and measuring electrodes arranged on the opposite side and in contact with a sensitive layer.
- a gas detector is a device used to detect a concentration threshold or to measure a concentration of a generally toxic gas.
- the applications of gas detectors are numerous since they are linked to the control of the quality of the atmosphere. We can cite the detection of carbon monoxide in automobile interiors and in dwellings, the detection of carbon monoxide and nitrogen in public places, schools, road tunnels, urban roads, combustible gases such as gas. natural (methane) or butane, etc.
- the detectors present on the market today are of several types: complex detectors of the mass spectrometer type, used very occasionally to know the composition of pollutants and the ratio between pollutants, electrochemical detectors, requiring very high maintenance, detectors based on different principles such as the measurement of dielectric constant but still very little developed, detectors based on the measurement of temperature variation of a catalyst (US 5,902,556) and Sn0 2 sensitive layer detectors, based on the principle of tin oxide resistivity variation.
- Sensors with a sensitive layer based on tin oxide SnO 2 are composed of a substrate, a heating resistor and at least two measurement electrodes in contact with the sensitive layer. These detectors are today produced on silicon or on a ceramic substrate (EP 313 390).
- the sensitive layer creates an electrical conduction between the measurement electrodes, which conduction is variable with the state of the material Sn0 2 .
- the SnO 2 material naturally contains oxygen vacancies (it can be added to it by doping the material). The rate of oxygen vacancies also depends on the atmosphere in contact with the material. Indeed, a reducing gas (CO, methane, etc.) which is in contact with SnO 2 consumes part of the oxygen of SnO 2 and therefore creates additional oxygen vacancies.
- Sensitive layer detectors based on SnO 2 typically operate at 300-350 ° C (temperature of the sensitive layer) in order to have sufficient sensitivity and "speed" of reaction. But SnO 2 maintained for a long time at 300 ° C sees its crystal structure evolve, grains grow and therefore its sensitivity decreases over time. The characteristics of the sensitive element therefore change over time and the response of the gas detector is not constant.
- the object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks and, in particular, to reduce the degradation of the sensitive layer and to produce a detector which can operate at a lower temperature than known detectors.
- this object is achieved by a detector according to the appended claims, and, more particularly, by the fact that the substrate is made of a material chosen from glasses and vitro-ceramics, containing less than 2% of alkali metals , and has a thickness of between 30 ⁇ m and 1.1 mm, a temperature measuring electrode, intended to control the surface temperature of the substrate, being arranged on one of the two faces.
- Figure 1 shows a bottom view of a detector according to the invention.
- Figure 2 shows a top view of a detector according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 represents in section a detector including layers of protection and thermal insulation according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 represents an alternative embodiment of the heating electrodes of the detector according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 and 6 show alternative embodiments of a detector with several measurement zones according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the heating electrodes making it possible to create a thermal gradient over the different measurement zones according to the invention.
- the substrate 1 with dimensions between 3 x 3 mm and 20 x 20 mm, is made of glass or ceramic glass containing less than 2% of alkali metals (concentration of Na 2 O, K 2 0, Li 2 O less than 2 %), the thickness of this substrate being between 30 ⁇ m and 1.1 mm, more favorably between 30 ⁇ m and 400 ⁇ m.
- a heating electrode 2 On one face of this substrate 1, represented in FIG. 1, is deposited a heating electrode 2.
- This electrode has an electrical resistance such that it ensures the heating of the substrate 1 between 100 ° C and 400 ° C when it is subject to an appropriate potential difference supplied by the generator. It is terminated on one side of the substrate by connectors 4.
- the face which carries the heating electrode 2 also carries an electrode 3, called the temperature measurement electrode, intended to control the surface temperature of the substrate 1. This electrode 3 temperature measurement is also terminated on one side of the substrate by connectors 5.
- conductance measurement electrodes 6 and the sensitive layer 8 are produced on the face opposite to that which carries the heating electrodes.
- these measurement electrodes 6 are arranged in a comb and are prohibited to provide maximum sensitivity to the detector.
- These measurement electrodes are terminated on one side of the substrate by connectors 7.
- the temperature measurement electrode 3 is produced on the face carrying the measurement electrodes.
- the sensitive layer 8 On the measuring electrodes 6 is deposited the sensitive layer 8, the electrical conductivity of which varies according to the composition of the atmosphere in contact with this layer. This conductivity is measured between the measuring electrodes 6.
- the sensitive layer 8 is based on tin oxide SnO 2 of high porosity to which is added a metal compound or oxide which is a catalyst for the reactions between the gas to be detected and SnO 2 and the nature of which depends gas that we mainly want to detect.
- This compound is for example platinum, palladium, copper oxide, etc.
- the essential advantage provided by a sensitive layer of high porosity is to allow the detector to operate at low temperature 100-150 ° C instead of 300 - 400 ° C for a detector having a dense layer of Sn0 2 . This low temperature limits the degradation of the sensitive layer 8.
- the life of a detector operating at 120 ° C is significantly longer than that of a detector operating at 300 ° C.
- the face of the substrate which carries the heating electrode 2 is covered with a protective layer 9 which serves to mechanically protect the heating electrode 2.
- the material of the protective layer 9 can be a glass with a low softening point possibly loaded with a ceramic such as alumina or silica, with a proportion of glass at least equal to 30%.
- the face of the substrate which carries the heating electrode 2 is covered with a layer of external thermal insulation 10 which serves to reduce heat losses and the material of which can be alumina or silica, or any other ceramic, added with a small amount (0 to 30%) of a glass with a low softening point.
- the porosity of this material is high (40 to 70% of the volume is empty).
- the thermal insulation layer 10 is produced on the layer 9.
- the face of the substrate which carries the measurement electrodes 6 and the sensitive layer 8 can also be covered with an external thermal insulation layer 11 which serves to reduce thermal losses.
- the material of the thermal insulation layer 11 can be of the same type as that of the thermal insulation layer 10.
- the heating electrode is of very dense geometry, with several conductors 12 electrically connected in parallel and with distances between the conductors of the order of the thickness of the substrate (by example lines 150 ⁇ m wide and spaced 150 ⁇ m for a 100 ⁇ m thick glass substrate).
- several sensitive devices can be placed on the same substrate, with, on the opposite face, a heating electrode common to all the devices.
- a heating electrode common to all the devices.
- two devices are represented with arrays of measurement electrodes 6a and 6b and layers sensitive 8a and 8b.
- the different sensitive layers contain different catalysts to have optimized sensitivities to several gases.
- the detector contains a structure of the heating electrode 2 which creates a temperature gradient on the substrate.
- Such a temperature gradient can, for example, be between 20 ° C and 100C °.
- the structure then contains at least two arrays of measuring electrodes on the opposite face, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6 with three systems of measuring electrodes 6. Each gas having a particular response curve as a function of temperature, this geometry allows to determine the nature of the gas.
- the temperature gradient can be obtained by modulating the width of the conductors of the heating electrode 2 as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 7.
- the local electrical resistance is then variable and causes different temperatures on the surface.
- the temperature gradient can also be obtained with a heating electrode made of conductors of variable density, that is to say of which the length per unit area of substrate is variable.
- the measurement electrodes are made of slightly oxidizable metal, for example gold or platinum or silver.
- An active filter can, in known manner, be deposited on the sensitive layer 8 or on the thermal insulation layer 11 so as to trap the gases which one does not want to detect.
- the substrate 1 with dimensions 8 mm ⁇ 12 mm and thickness 50 ⁇ m is made of borosilicate glass with a concentration of alkali metals of less than 0.5%.
- a heating electrode 2 made of gold On one face of the substrate 1 is deposited a heating electrode 2 made of gold.
- This resistive electrode has a thickness of 0.4 ⁇ m. It consists of three conductors connected in parallel and formed of six segments of 6 mm long which are short-circuited as shown in Figure 7. The conductors of the six segments have respective widths of 0.12 mm, 0.16 mm , 0.20 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.30 mm and 0.40 mm.
- this resistive electrode dissipates a power of 0.4 Watt and heats the substrate 1 to an average measured temperature of approximately 120 ° C. in operation. It can be supplied so as to heat the substrate 1 up to 400 ° C. in phases of resetting the sensitive layer to zero.
- the face of the substrate which carries the heating electrode 2 also carries a temperature measurement electrode 3 intended to control the average surface temperature of the substrate.
- This temperature measurement electrode 3 is also made of gold with a thickness of 0.4 ⁇ m.
- connection pads 7 On the face of the substrate opposite to that which carries the heating electrodes 2 are produced three sets of measurement electrodes 6 as shown in FIG. 6. These measurement electrodes 6 are arranged in interdigitated combs to offer maximum sensitivity to the detector. These measurement electrodes are terminated on one side of the substrate by connection pads 7.
- All the electrodes can be deposited, for example in screen printing with an organometallic gold compound, and baked at 500 ° C for 10 minutes.
- the sensitive layer 8 On the three sets of measurement electrodes 6 is deposited the sensitive layer 8 based on tin oxide SnO 2 . It is deposited by aerosol pyrolysis which makes it possible to produce a sufficiently porous layer and to jointly deposit the sensitive material SnO 2 and a catalyst for the reactions in the form of small inclusions of metallic platinum.
- a solution of a tin salt for example acetate
- an alcohol solution for example methanol
- a mist of this solution is produced using an ultrasonic transducer as it is well known to do in aerosol pyrolysis. This mist, carried by a stream of air, is then directed onto the substrate heated to around 500 ° C.
- a protective layer 9 is then deposited, consisting of 50% by mass of a lead silicate powder with an average diameter of 2 ⁇ m and 50% of alumina powder with a mean diameter of 5 .mu.m.
- This layer of dry thickness of 15 ⁇ m is deposited by spraying with an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol containing the glass and the powdered alumina. The deposit is dried under infrared radiation.
- a layer of thermal insulation (10 and 11) consisting of 10% by mass of a lead silicate powder of average diameter 2 ⁇ m and 90% of alumina powder diameter medium 10 ⁇ m.
- Each layer (10 and 11) is deposited by spraying with an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol containing the glass (lead silicate) and the powdered alumina. The deposit is dried under infrared radiation.
- each layer (10 and 11) is 30 ⁇ m.
- the detector thus produced is placed in a housing and associated with control electronics for controlling the temperature of the substrate, in order to control the reset phases of the detector, generally by heating to more than 300 ° C. for a fairly short time, and finally for the detection of the variation in conductivity of the sensitive layer.
- the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described and shown above. In particular, it applies to detectors using a sensitive layer material different from tin oxide.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20030712282 EP1470415A2 (fr) | 2002-01-28 | 2003-01-27 | Detecteur de gaz sur substrat mince |
AU2003216961A AU2003216961A1 (en) | 2002-01-28 | 2003-01-27 | Gas detector on a thin substrate |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0200968A FR2835316B1 (fr) | 2002-01-28 | 2002-01-28 | Detecteur de gaz sur substrat mince |
FR02/00968 | 2002-01-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003065026A2 true WO2003065026A2 (fr) | 2003-08-07 |
WO2003065026A3 WO2003065026A3 (fr) | 2004-03-25 |
Family
ID=27619678
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2003/000246 WO2003065026A2 (fr) | 2002-01-28 | 2003-01-27 | Detecteur de gaz sur substrat mince |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1470415A2 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003216961A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2835316B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003065026A2 (fr) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0313390A2 (fr) * | 1987-10-22 | 1989-04-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Capteur de gaz et son procédé de fabrication |
EP0674171A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-24 | 1995-09-27 | PIMA Sensors, Inc. | Capteur de gaz et dispositif de mesure |
RU2114422C1 (ru) * | 1997-04-15 | 1998-06-27 | Научно-информационный центр проблем интеллектуальной собственности | Полупроводниковый датчик газов |
US5840255A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1998-11-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas sensor |
US5902556A (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1999-05-11 | Microchip (Proprietary) Limited | Catalytic gas sensor |
US5918261A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1999-06-29 | Capteur Sensors & Analysers, Ltd. | Multi-electrode gas sensors and methods of making and using them |
WO2001033205A1 (fr) * | 1999-11-04 | 2001-05-10 | Capteur Sensors And Analysers Limited | Capteurs de gaz a semi-conducteurs |
-
2002
- 2002-01-28 FR FR0200968A patent/FR2835316B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-01-27 WO PCT/FR2003/000246 patent/WO2003065026A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-01-27 AU AU2003216961A patent/AU2003216961A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-27 EP EP20030712282 patent/EP1470415A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0313390A2 (fr) * | 1987-10-22 | 1989-04-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Capteur de gaz et son procédé de fabrication |
US5902556A (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1999-05-11 | Microchip (Proprietary) Limited | Catalytic gas sensor |
EP0674171A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-24 | 1995-09-27 | PIMA Sensors, Inc. | Capteur de gaz et dispositif de mesure |
US5918261A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1999-06-29 | Capteur Sensors & Analysers, Ltd. | Multi-electrode gas sensors and methods of making and using them |
US5840255A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1998-11-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas sensor |
RU2114422C1 (ru) * | 1997-04-15 | 1998-06-27 | Научно-информационный центр проблем интеллектуальной собственности | Полупроводниковый датчик газов |
WO2001033205A1 (fr) * | 1999-11-04 | 2001-05-10 | Capteur Sensors And Analysers Limited | Capteurs de gaz a semi-conducteurs |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2835316B1 (fr) | 2004-09-17 |
AU2003216961A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
EP1470415A2 (fr) | 2004-10-27 |
WO2003065026A3 (fr) | 2004-03-25 |
FR2835316A1 (fr) | 2003-08-01 |
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