WO2003062499A2 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum elektrochemischen behandeln von gut mit pulsstrom - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum elektrochemischen behandeln von gut mit pulsstrom Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003062499A2 WO2003062499A2 PCT/DE2003/000140 DE0300140W WO03062499A2 WO 2003062499 A2 WO2003062499 A2 WO 2003062499A2 DE 0300140 W DE0300140 W DE 0300140W WO 03062499 A2 WO03062499 A2 WO 03062499A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- contact electrode
- electrode
- pulse current
- goods
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for the electrochemical treatment of material with pulse current. They are suitable for use in continuous systems, immersion bath systems, belt systems from roll to roll, or in cupplaters. Preferred goods are circuit boards, conductor foils and afer. The invention is suitable for the full-surface treatment of the surface of the goods and for the treatment of electrically insulated structures, such as, for example, conductor tracks and pads on printed circuit boards.
- the pulse current can be unipolar or bipolar.
- the patent DE 27 39 427 C2 describes a method for pulse electroplating.
- the electroplating of deep blind holes is significantly improved with decreasing pulse time.
- the best results were achieved with pulse times in the range from 10 ⁇ s to 1 ⁇ s.
- the pulse frequency is therefore in the range from 0.1 to 1 MHz.
- the inductance of the electrical conductors from the pulse current source to the electrolytic cell must be extremely small.
- the following calculation example shows that for the high-frequency pulse current generation with the known means e.g. a typical circuit board system or immersion bath system cannot be realized.
- the inductance of a round high-current conductor is approximately 0.5 ⁇ H / m.
- an average of about 2 meters of the conductor is required for the forward and return conductor, even if the pulse current source is arranged directly on the bath.
- the total inductance of the conductors is then at least 1 ⁇ H.
- the total effective resistance is made up of the ohmic resistances of the entire electrical circuit. It consists of the conductor resistances and all contact resistances as well as the resistance of the electrolytic cell and is approximately 10 milliohms.
- the patent DE 197 265 10 C2 describes a device and a method for electrolytic metal deposition by means of pulse current for printed circuit board technology.
- This invention finds application in immersion bath systems and in horizontal or vertical continuous systems.
- the product carriers, i.e. the cathode and the anode carrier of a conventional electrolytic immersion bath system each have a length of 1 m to 8 m. If the pulse current source is shifted into one of the two carriers, nothing changes with regard to the length of the electrical circuit to be considered compared to a pulse current source arranged directly on the electrolytic bath.
- the circuit is always closed from the source via the anode support, the anodes attached to it, through the electrolyte to the material to be treated, to the cathode support and to the source. At which point the power source is inserted into this circuit is basically irrelevant. At least by arranging the current source in one of the two carriers, the length of the entire circuit cannot be shortened. Thus, the effective inductance of the overall circuit cannot be reduced. This means that pulse frequencies of only a few hundred hearts are possible even when this invention is used.
- the object of the invention is to describe a device and a method that also make it possible to industrial electrolytic application to use pulse currents with amplitudes of 1000 amperes and more with frequencies of up to 1 MHz.
- the object is achieved by the device according to claim 1 and by the method according to claim 12.
- the device and the method use, among other things, a new technical device, which is referred to as a contact electrode.
- Contact electrodes and their basic applications are described in the not previously published documents DE 100 43 817 AI and DE 100 43 816 Cl. These contact electrodes essentially consist of a plurality of strip-shaped contacts arranged in parallel, which are placed on the surface of the material to be treated electrolytically. Between the contact strips, there are strip-shaped counter-electrodes set back from the surface, which are electrically insulated from the contacts. The surface of the goods and the counter electrodes form small electrolytic cells. These are supplied with the bath current from a bath current source.
- the bath power source which is arranged outside the working container, is connected to the contact strips and counter electrodes via flexible electrical conductors.
- the contact strips and the counter electrodes are fastened to a base body which is moved by a movement unit in such a way that the material can be contacted and transported in the non-contacted state.
- the electrolytic treatment of the goods takes place during contacting.
- Contact electrodes enable the electrolytic treatment of electrically insulated structures on the surface of the goods. They can also be used advantageously if very thin electrically conductive layers, such as sputter layers, are to be electrolytically reinforced.
- This arrangement of contact electrodes is also suitable for the application of pulse currents with frequencies up to a few 100 hearts. However, it is not suitable for high-frequency pulse currents in the megahertz range with amplitudes of, for example, 1000 amperes and more.
- FIGS. 1 to 5 are shown schematically and not to scale.
- Figure 1 shows a cross section of a section of a
- FIG. 1 shows the entire device, consisting of the in
- Figure 3 shows a contact electrode with contact strips and counter electrodes, each on the end faces of the
- Figure 4 shows a contact electrode with contact strips
- Figure 5 shows a contact electrode in which the
- a contact electrode according to FIG. 1 consists of a base body 6 on which there are isolated electrical contacts 4 for contacting the surface 2 to be treated electrolytically.
- the contacts 4 together with contact insulations 5 form contact strips 3.
- Counter electrodes 7. Together with the surface 2 of the material to be treated 1, these form the electrolytic cell, which is called small cell 9 below.
- the distance between the contact strips 3, between which the counter electrodes 7 are located can be in a large distance range. It ranges from the size of the smallest structures to be treated electrolytically, for example from 0.1 millimeters to several centimeters, for example 5 cm.
- the anode / cathode distance in the electrolytic small cells 9 can also be of the order of magnitude of the smallest structures to be treated. But it can also be several centimeters, for example 10 cm.
- the counter electrode 7 is the anode. This is preferably carried out insoluble in the electrolyte used. When electroplating with bipolar pulse current, the counter electrode 7 is predominantly anodic and the material is predominantly poled cathodically.
- the anodes and cathodes which are arranged spatially close to one another, are attached to a base body 6. Together with the base body, the anodes and cathodes form a structural unit, which is referred to as contact electrode 30.
- An electronic bath current source 12 is connected via electrical conductors 8 with one pole to the contact strips 3 and with the other pole to the counter electrodes 7 of the contact electrode 30.
- FIG. 2 shows that a pulse current source 13, which is placed directly on the contact electrode 30, is used as the bath current source.
- One pole of the pulse current source 13 is connected to the contacts 4 and the other
- Pol is electrically connected to the counter electrodes 7.
- the entire circuit closes on the contact electrode 30 itself, ie at the installation location of the pulse current source 13.
- the contact electrode and the pulse current source form a compact structural unit.
- the length of the electrical conductor 8 is reduced compared to the prior art to a few centimeters. If these conductors are designed over a large area on the contact electrode, the conductor length approaches zero. As a result, the effective inductance of the overall circuit also goes to zero. This allows the use of current pulses with a large amplitude and with a frequency of up to 1 MHz.
- Another advantage of the extremely compact design of the high-frequency high-current circuit is that electromagnetic waves are not emitted practically.
- the contact electrode 30 is integrated in an arrangement for the gradual electrolytic treatment of the material 1, which is shown schematically in FIG.
- the contact electrode 30 is carried by a movement member 16. This organ can lift the contact electrode 30 from the good 1, approach it again and press it on. The electrolytic treatment of the goods takes place in the pressed state.
- the movement element 16 can also perform a movement step in or against the direction of the direction of advance arrow 17, which indicates the movement of the material, together with the contact electrode in the raised state.
- the contact electrode 30 When the contact electrode 30 is closed, it can carry out a transport step in synchronism with the material in the working container 20, and when the contact electrode is open, it moves back one step against the transport direction.
- the feed device 19 can also transport the material step by step when the contact electrode is open.
- the contact electrode 30 can be lifted off and approached from and to the material 1 by a linear and / or pivoting movement of the contact electrode. Swiveling increases the electrolyte exchange in the small cells.
- the contact electrode 30 presses the good 1 and this against a stationary body that is flat for flat goods and absorbs the counterforce. This body is called the force body 18.
- a further contact electrode 30 takes the place of the force body 18 if the material 1 is to be treated on both sides at the same time.
- the goods 1 are transported in the work container 20 step by step using a feed device 19, consisting of rollers, rollers, clamps and grippers, when the contact electrode is not in contact with the goods.
- a feed device 19 consisting of rollers, rollers, clamps and grippers, when the contact electrode is not in contact with the goods.
- one or more transport devices 21 can be arranged, which ensure the supply and discharge of the goods 1 to and from the working container 20.
- a vibrator 22 acts on the base body 6 to generate pressure surges in the electrolyte and to vibrate the material. This promotes electrolyte exchange when treating goods with small holes.
- the contacts 4 and the counter electrodes 7 are connected to the pulse current source 13 for supplying power to the small electrolytic cells 9.
- a control device or control unit 23 coordinates and controls all movement sequences of the entire arrangement. This is indicated by the dashed lines. The control unit also
- the pulse current source 13 can be regulated in the current or in the voltage. It can be switched on permanently.
- the pulse current source is preferably only switched on during the treatment steps and has a predominantly active polarity. During the movement steps, it can also be switched on with the other predominantly acting polarity. During this time, the bath current source can also use a direct current for de-metallizing Generate deposits.
- the necessary settings and switching operations are initiated in time by a synchronization and control device 23.
- the predominantly acting polarity of the pulse current source 13 can be different between the treatment step and the movement step.
- the duration of a treatment step is in the time range from 0.01 seconds to one hour, preferably from one second to one minute.
- a direct current source also corresponds to a unipolar pulse current because of the switching off during the movement step.
- the advance of a movement step is 0.1 millimeters to 3 meters, preferably 10 mm to 100 mm. The large feed affects systems for the treatment of conveyor systems.
- the electrolyte is conveyed through the working container 20 in the circuit 24.
- the following are inserted into this circuit: a pump 25, a filter 26 and a metering unit 27 for conditioning the electrolyte.
- the level of the electrolyte 28 in the working container 20 lies above the contact electrode 30. It can also extend beyond the pulse current source 13.
- the electrolyte can also be introduced directly into the small cells 9 through electrolyte introduction holes 10 by means of a pump and the same can be discharged through electrolyte discharge holes 11. This is shown in Figure 1.
- the working container 20 serves only as an electrolyte collecting container. Not shown in the figures are the openings in the working container 20 through which the goods 1 get into and out of them.
- pulse current source 13 should also contain all electronic switching and pole changing devices according to the invention for the pulse current.
- the pulse current source 13 is located at least partially on the contact electrode 30. Together with the base body 6, the contact strips 3 and the counter electrodes 7, it forms a structural unit.
- the contact strips 3 are electrically connected to one another in various ways and to a pole of the pulse current source 13.
- the other pole is connected to the counter electrodes 7, which are also electrically connected to one another in different ways. Because the pulse current source 13 as well as the anodes and cathodes are located in the smallest space, the electrical lines 8 are extremely short. This allows the use of a high pulse frequency of up to 1 MHz.
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the invention in a side view and in a top view.
- the contact strips and counter electrodes are only shown symbolically in the side view below the base body 6 as a dashed line.
- the contact strips and counter electrodes extend from left to right in the drawing. Each of them is electrically connected to each other at the end faces.
- the contact strip 31 connects all contact strips 3 and the electrode strip 32 connects all counter electrodes 7 of the contact electrode 30.
- the contact strip 31 is electrically connected to a pole of the bath current source 13 on the contact electrode 30.
- the electrode track 32 is also connected on the contact electrode 30 to the other pole of the bath current source 13.
- the pulse current source 13 is located together with the anodes and cathodes on the structural unit in the working container 20. It must be supplied with electrical energy and with control signals from outside the working container 20. This happens via the power supply lines 14 and via bidirectional control lines 15.
- the characteristics of the electronic pulse current source 13 can be set via the control lines 15 by means of the control unit 23. These include pulse frequency, edge steepness, pulse amplitude, and duty cycle, ie the clock ratio. If it is a bipolar pulse current source 13, then this data can be set for both polarities. If there are several pulse current sources on one contact electrode, the phase relationship can also be set with one another if they are operated at the same frequency.
- Pulse current sources are known, inter alia, from the above-mentioned document DE 27 39 427 C2. They consist of several assemblies, which can be arranged spatially separated. The entire electrolytic system is operated and monitored in a central control system. As a rule, this also applies to the bath power supply, ie also to the pulse current sources 13.
- the control of the pulse current sources 13 can be placed centrally, on site or directly on the contact electrode 30. For spatial reasons and for reasons of weight, it is advantageous to arrange only the technically necessary components of the pulse current source 13 on the contact electrode 30. Because the inductance of the lines 8 must be kept small, at least the power part of the pulse current source 13 and the control of this part must be arranged on the contact electrode 30. In FIGS.
- a high-frequency control signal can be transmitted easily and cheaply by means of simple control lines or coaxial cables over greater distances from the control unit 23 to the contact electrode 30.
- This entire pulse technology, including power electronics, is state of the art. What is new is the possibility of realizing extremely short and low-inductance electrical conductors 8 from the output of the pulse current source 13 to the anodes and cathodes of the electrolytic cells in a large-scale application. No large current loop is formed. An emission of electromagnetic interference radiation even with large current amplitudes with a large slope and high pulse frequencies is almost completely avoided.
- a metallic cover 29 prevents the leakage of residual interference radiation, especially if the material is treated electrochemically with bipolar pulses.
- the cover 29 also protects the pulse current source 13 against the electrolyte and against electrolyte vapors.
- the entire assembly can also be cast with resin.
- Example of the current amplitude With a contact electrode with a working surface of 20 dm 2 and an average current density of 25 A / dm 2 , peak currents of up to 500 A can be generated by the pulse current source 13.
- FIG. 4 shows a contact electrode 30 which enables even shorter lines 8 from the pulse current source 13 to the contact strips 3 and to the counter electrodes 7.
- the contact strips 3 are connected to a metallic contact plate 33 and on the other side of the contact electrode 30, the counter electrodes 7 are connected to an electrically conductive electrode plate 34 in an electrically conductive manner.
- the contact strips on one side of the contact electrode 30 protrude beyond the base body 6.
- the counter electrodes protrude over the base body 6 in the direction of Electrode plate 34 also.
- the assembly can be covered again and / or cast resistant to the electrolyte.
- FIG. 5 shows a contact electrode 30 which has an almost inductance-free electrical connection from the pulse current source 13 to the small electrolytic cells 9.
- the electrical connections are made via two surfaces 35, 36 that are electrically insulated from one another. The areas are almost as large as the working area of the contact electrode 30. All contact strips 3 are here electrically connected to the upper contact area 35 at very many locations distributed over the metallic area. These many connections are passed through the electrode surface 36 in an isolated manner.
- the counterelectrodes 7 are electrically connected to the electrode surface 36 in very many places distributed over the metallic surface. In the middle of the contact surface 35 there is an opening through which the pulse current source 13 is connected with one pole to the electrode surface 36 in the shortest possible way. The other pole of the pulse current source is on the contact surface
- the surfaces 35, 36 or also the plates 33, 34 or the strips 31, 32 can be electrically parallel to the at several points
- Pulse current source 13 are connected. In the plan view of FIG. 5, only the outlines of the pulse current source 13 are shown. The design of the contact electrode 30 according to FIG. 5 allows the highest pulse frequencies to be used. The generable 1 MHz current pulses with large amplitude open the way to large-scale electrochemical application of technologies that were previously only possible on a laboratory scale.
- electrically conductive layer contact strip contact insulating means contact insulation base body counter electrode electrical conductor electrolytic small cell electrolyte introduction holes electrolyte discharge holes bath current source pulse current source power supply lines, "power" control lines, "control” movement device feed direction arrow power body feed device work container transport device vibrator control device, electrolyte filter, electrolyte filter, electrolytic filter unit, control unit Electrolyte conditioning device, dosing unit electrolyte cover Contact electrode contact strip, busbar electrode strip, busbar contact plate, busbar electrode plate, busbar contact surface, busbar electrode surface, busbar
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10390169T DE10390169D2 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2003-01-20 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum elektrochemischen behandeln von gut mit pulsstrom |
AU2003208262A AU2003208262A1 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2003-01-20 | Device and method for the electrochemical treatment of items with a pulse flow |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10202431A DE10202431C1 (de) | 2002-01-22 | 2002-01-22 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum elektrochemischen Behandeln von Gut mit Pulsstrom |
DE10202431.6 | 2002-01-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003062499A2 true WO2003062499A2 (de) | 2003-07-31 |
WO2003062499A3 WO2003062499A3 (de) | 2003-09-18 |
Family
ID=7712831
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2003/000140 WO2003062499A2 (de) | 2002-01-22 | 2003-01-20 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum elektrochemischen behandeln von gut mit pulsstrom |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2003208262A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10202431C1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW200302298A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003062499A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10259367A1 (de) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-07-08 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Wechselwirkung zwischen einem Medium und einem Bauteil |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19726510A1 (de) * | 1997-06-23 | 1998-12-24 | Georg Hesse | Vorrichtung zur elektrolytischen Metallabscheidung unter Anwendung von periodischen Stromänderungen in galvanischen Bädern bzw. im Elektrolyden des Bades |
DE19931230A1 (de) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-18 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Galvanisier- und Ätzstrom-Erzeugung in elektrolytischen Anlagen |
US6179984B1 (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 2001-01-30 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Circuitry and method for an electroplating plant or etching plant pulse power supply |
DE10043817A1 (de) * | 2000-09-06 | 2002-04-04 | Egon Huebel | Anordnung und Verfahren für elektrochemisch zu behandelndes Gut |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH629542A5 (de) * | 1976-09-01 | 1982-04-30 | Inoue Japax Res | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur galvanischen materialablagerung. |
DE10043816C1 (de) * | 2000-09-06 | 2002-05-16 | Egon Huebel | Vorrichtung zur elektrochemischen Behandlung von Gut |
-
2002
- 2002-01-22 DE DE10202431A patent/DE10202431C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-01-20 DE DE10390169T patent/DE10390169D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-20 WO PCT/DE2003/000140 patent/WO2003062499A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-01-20 AU AU2003208262A patent/AU2003208262A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-22 TW TW092101409A patent/TW200302298A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6179984B1 (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 2001-01-30 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Circuitry and method for an electroplating plant or etching plant pulse power supply |
DE19726510A1 (de) * | 1997-06-23 | 1998-12-24 | Georg Hesse | Vorrichtung zur elektrolytischen Metallabscheidung unter Anwendung von periodischen Stromänderungen in galvanischen Bädern bzw. im Elektrolyden des Bades |
DE19931230A1 (de) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-18 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Galvanisier- und Ätzstrom-Erzeugung in elektrolytischen Anlagen |
DE10043817A1 (de) * | 2000-09-06 | 2002-04-04 | Egon Huebel | Anordnung und Verfahren für elektrochemisch zu behandelndes Gut |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003208262A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
TW200302298A (en) | 2003-08-01 |
DE10202431C1 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
DE10390169D2 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
WO2003062499A3 (de) | 2003-09-18 |
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