WO2003050902A2 - Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque et plaque ainsi obtenue - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque et plaque ainsi obtenue Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003050902A2
WO2003050902A2 PCT/EP2002/013997 EP0213997W WO03050902A2 WO 2003050902 A2 WO2003050902 A2 WO 2003050902A2 EP 0213997 W EP0213997 W EP 0213997W WO 03050902 A2 WO03050902 A2 WO 03050902A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
layer
layers
different
starting mixture
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2002/013997
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003050902A3 (fr
Inventor
Günter Rinn
Volker Banhardt
Dietrich Kehr
Original Assignee
Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh filed Critical Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh
Priority to AU2002361039A priority Critical patent/AU2002361039A1/en
Publication of WO2003050902A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003050902A2/fr
Publication of WO2003050902A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003050902A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0297—Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0223—Composites
    • H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a plate, consisting of at least two layers of different composition and / or different chemical and / or physical properties, in particular intended for a fuel cell, wherein at least one starting mixture for forming a layer is a thermosetting and / or thermoplastic Plastic with carbon filler with a filler content of preferably 70% by weight to 95% by weight is used, and the initial openings are introduced into a press mold and at least partially, preferably completely, heat-cured under pressure.
  • the invention relates to a plate, in particular a bipolar plate intended for a fuel cell or separator plate or electrode plate, consisting of several layers of different chemical and / or physical properties, the layers consisting of the same or different starting mixtures, at least one layer consisting of a thermosetting and / or thermoplastic and a carbon filler with a filler content of preferably 70 wt% to 95 wt%.
  • the electrodes frequently consist of a soot layer provided with a catalyst, which is applied to the membrane, platinum, but also other suitable noble metals such as palladium, being used as catalysts.
  • the reactants can be supplied to the electrodes via bipolar plates which consist of a thermosetting plastic with carbon filler with a filler content of in particular 70% to 95% by weight. Channels along which the reactants flow are embedded in the surfaces of the bipolar plates facing the electrodes.
  • bipolar plates consist of a thermosetting plastic with carbon filler with a filler content of in particular 70% to 95% by weight. Channels along which the reactants flow are embedded in the surfaces of the bipolar plates facing the electrodes.
  • a diffusion layer is arranged between the respective electrode and the bipolar plate so that the reactants come into contact with the respective electrode or the catalyst present therein to a sufficient extent.
  • the electrode is not covered by the webs or walls between the channels of the bipolar plate, as a result of which the efficiency could otherwise be impaired.
  • Crucial parameters for achieving a high degree of efficiency are the quick and complete supply and removal of reaction partners and products at the active centers of the electrodes and an optimal water balance of the membrane.
  • DE 26 35 636 C2 describes a fuel cell and a method for producing one. Sheets of electrode material and sheets of nonwoven material are connected, the plates being punched out of these openings in order to achieve a desired geometry, in order to provide desired chambers, channels and passages in a finished fuel cell.
  • a graphitized composite material is known from WO 96/33520, which is used for the production of plates of fuel cells.
  • Bipolar plates with cooling channels are also known, which consist of two plate-shaped sections lying one on top of the other, the surfaces lying one on top of the other having channel-shaped depressions which form one another and form the cooling channels.
  • the plate-shaped sections themselves are connected by adhesive, which means that losses in the conductivity of the bipolar plate in the area of the connection points have to be accepted.
  • An electrode material for fuel cells according to DE 35 12 326 AI has an integrated press-formed five-layer structure.
  • the starting materials for the electrode material are then put into a press mold one after the other in order to then obtain a finished structure together by means of printing forms, post-curing and calcining. If necessary, corresponding structures produced as a unit can be re-entered into a printing form in order to connect them to one another by interposing a graphite sheet.
  • the problem underlying the present invention is to further develop a method for producing a plate and such itself in such a way that layers of desired properties can be achieved with simple measures, wherein an individual design of the plate should be possible. At the same time, a good water balance for a membrane should be ensured when using the plate for a fuel cell. A humidification system should not be necessary or only in a simplified form.
  • a uniform plate is produced which, through the targeted supply of starting mixtures and the subsequent formation of the individual layers, obtain the desired chemical or physical properties in their final properties. Due to the individual design of the individual layers, these can consist of the same starting mixtures, but their physical properties, in particular porosity, can be set differently due to differing pressure effects or temperatures. For example, one flat side of a plate can be porous and the other flat side can be made liquid-tight without the need for different starting mixtures. Rather, the porosity can be adjusted solely by different pressure effects.
  • the different material properties can be achieved in that a starting mixture of the same composition is added to the mold in portions and then the pressing process is carried out after the respective portion has been supplied, wherein different portions can be exposed to different pressing parameters.
  • At least one cover layer of the plate is made hydrophilic by, for example, oxidizable aftertreatment such as wet chemical or by corona or plasmas treatment.
  • a plate of the type mentioned at the outset is distinguished by the fact that it consists of successive layers which are at least partially heat-hardened when exposed to pressure, which layers are in turn connected to one another by the action of heat and pressure when the respective layer is formed.
  • the plate can be structured in at least one of its flat sides by, for example, molded-in channels, the flat sides being of different pores.
  • each flat side of the plate can also be structured, wherein when used as a bipolar plate, one flat side, specifically the porous flat side of the cathode and the denser flat side of the anode, can face a membrane electrode assembly (MEA).
  • MEA membrane electrode assembly
  • the porous cathode side is made hydrophilic or aftertreated using conventional additives or methods. If the gas routing channels are arranged so that the inlet and outlet are closely adjacent, water can penetrate from the water-rich outlet side through the pore system to the dry inlet side and humidify the incoming air. Excess water will wet the plate surface well and be discharged as a film; Closing pores and channels by drop-shaped water is avoided.
  • the cathode-side moistening of the membrane is sufficient to ensure the optimal water content; however, the anode-side fuel gas may need to be slightly moistened before entering the fuel cell.
  • the combination of a porous surface layer with finely structured channels can make the use of a gas diffusion layer unnecessary, in particular on the anode side.
  • the fuel gas can reach the entire surface of the catalyst layer on the membrane via the porous structure of the webs between the channels.
  • the top layer of the plate contains at least one hydrophilic additive such as silica gel.
  • the upper punch After the upper punch has been placed on the mass, it begins to soften, compact and harden as a result of the molding compound touching the hot punch walls.
  • a first weighed and volumetrically dosed mass is exposed to a pressure of 50 MPa. As a result, the mass is compressed almost pore-free.
  • the press stone is withdrawn in order to fill a second weighed and volumetrically metered mass into the die. Then a pressing process is carried out again, but the pressure has been changed to 5 MPa. As a result, the layer formed by the second weighed volumetrically metered mass has a pore volume of 25%. Due to the hydrophilic nature of phenolic resin, the plate is well wetted by water.
  • the upper punch After the upper punch has been placed on the mass, it begins to soften, compact and harden as a result of the molding compound touching the hot punch walls.
  • a first weighed and volumetrically dosed mass is exposed to a pressure of 50 MPa. As a result, the mass is compressed almost pore-free.
  • the press ram is withdrawn in order to fill a second weighed and volumetrically metered mass into the die.
  • a pressing operation is then carried out again, but the pressure has been changed to 25 MPa. As a result, the cover layer formed by the second weighed, volumetrically metered mass has a pore volume of 15-20%.
  • the upper punch After the upper punch has been placed on the mass, it begins to soften, compact and harden as a result of the molding compound touching the hot punch walls.
  • a first weighed and volumetrically dosed mass is exposed to a pressure of 50 MPa. hereby the mass is compressed almost pore-free.
  • the press ram is withdrawn in order to fill a second weighed and volumetrically metered mass into the die. Then a pressing operation is carried out again, but the pressure has been changed to 5 MPa. As a result, the layer formed by the second weighed volumetrically metered mass has a pore volume of 25%.
  • the upper punch After the upper punch has been placed on the mass, it begins to soften, compact and harden as a result of the molding compound touching the hot punch walls.
  • a first weighed and volumetrically dosed mass is exposed to a pressure of 50 MPa. As a result, the mass is compressed almost pore-free.
  • the press ram is withdrawn in order to fill a second weighed and volumetrically metered mass into the die. Then a pressing process is carried out again, but the pressure has been changed to 25 MPa. As a result, the layer formed by the second weighed, volumetrically metered mass has a pore volume of 15-20%.
  • the plates are hydrophobic after shaping. A hydrophilic adjustment is possible through oxidizing aftertreatment (wet chemical or through corona or plasma treatment).
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a portion of a
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a press tool
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a bipolar plate.
  • a cutout of a fuel cell is shown, a membrane-electrode arrangement (MEA) 10 being arranged between two bipolar plates 12, 14.
  • MEA membrane-electrode arrangement
  • the bipola plate 12 has a homogeneous structure with the same properties in each area, whereas the bipola plate 14 consists of areas 16, 18 which have different properties. Region 16 may be more porous than region 18.
  • the Bipola ⁇ latten 12, 14 consist of a thermosetting and / or thermoplastic plastic with carbon filler with a filler content of in particular 70% to 95% by weight.
  • the bipolar plates 12, 14 should also preferably have channels 92, at least on the surface 20 facing the membrane electrode assembly 10, which may be divided into sections, through which a reactant - hydrogen or methane on the anode side and air or oxygen on the cathode side - can flow.
  • the membrane electrode assembly 10 comprises a membrane 24 which is permeable to cations, along the surfaces of which a soot layer with a noble metal catalyst such as platinum or palladium as anode 26 or cathode 28 is arranged.
  • Anode 26 and cathode 28 are in turn covered by a gas diffusion layer 30, 32, which completely cover the channels 22 of the bipolar plates 12, 14 when the unit is composed of the bipolar plates 12, 14 and the membrane electrode assembly 10, but at the same time the possibility offer that reactants flowing in the channels 22 can be distributed over the entire electrode surfaces 26, 28, so that the desired chemical reaction can take place with high efficiency.
  • the bipolar plates can consist of sections of different material compositions or chemical or physical properties that differ from one another.
  • a bipolar plate 34 is shown as an example, which consists of a cuboid carrier body 36 and on this existing layer 48 having a structure formed by channels 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, the layer 48 having a greater porosity than the base plate 36 has.
  • the base plate 36 and the layer 48 are not separately produced sections of the bipolar plate 34, but are successively produced in a pressing tool 50 (FIG. 2), which can be a hot pressing tool.
  • the pressing tool 50 comprises a pressing mold or a die 52 with an inner space 54 which specifies the geometry of a plate to be produced, as well as a pressing die 56 which is axially adjustable therein.
  • layers 58, 60, 62 are poured into the die, that is to say the interior thereof, one after the other, with the press ram 56 after each layer has been introduced onto it acts to form.
  • the press parameters of the press ram 56 can be set differently become so z.
  • a plate can be produced that has different material properties such as porosity in layers.
  • the individual layers can also show different material compositions.
  • layer 58 has a composition of 95% graphite in a fraction of 50 to 100 ⁇ m and 50% phenolic resin
  • layers 60 and 62 have a composition of 85% graphite in a fraction of 0 to 200 ⁇ m and 15% phenolic resin.
  • the press cylinder 56 acts at a pressure of 25 MPa or 50 MPa or 5 MPa.
  • the layers 58, 60, 62 of a bipolar plate produced in this way have the following physical properties:
  • the porous structure enables z. B. with a Bipola ⁇ latte a problem-free water transport, so that there is no risk that channels are blocked by water drops.

Abstract

Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque constituée d'un plastique thermodurcissable et / ou thermoplastique contenant une charge de carbone, la part de charge étant de préférence de l'ordre de 70 à 95 % en poids. Selon ledit procédé, un mélange de départ constitué du plastique et de la charge est introduit dans un moule de moulage par compression, puis déformé en une plaque dans un outil de moulage par compression. Selon la présente invention, pour que ladite plaque possède les propriétés ciblées désirées, des mélanges de départ sont introduits par couches et / ou par zones, ainsi que par portions, dans le moule de moulage par compression et les portions introduites sont soumises les unes après les autres aux paramètres de compression désirés.
PCT/EP2002/013997 2001-12-11 2002-12-10 Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque et plaque ainsi obtenue WO2003050902A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002361039A AU2002361039A1 (en) 2001-12-11 2002-12-10 Method for the production of a plate and plate

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10160706A DE10160706A1 (de) 2001-12-11 2001-12-11 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Platte sowie Platte
DE10160706.7 2001-12-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003050902A2 true WO2003050902A2 (fr) 2003-06-19
WO2003050902A3 WO2003050902A3 (fr) 2004-06-10

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ID=7708733

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2002/013997 WO2003050902A2 (fr) 2001-12-11 2002-12-10 Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque et plaque ainsi obtenue

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2002361039A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10160706A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003050902A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7534510B2 (en) 2004-09-03 2009-05-19 The Gillette Company Fuel compositions

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011120802A1 (de) 2011-12-10 2013-06-13 Daimler Ag Bipolarplatte zumindest aus einem Kunststoff für eine Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Bipolarplatte

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0330124A2 (fr) * 1988-02-24 1989-08-30 Toray Industries, Inc. Substrat électroconductif intégré et procédé de fabrication
US5338320A (en) * 1989-10-17 1994-08-16 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flat plate-like ribbed porous carbon material and manufacturing method therefor
US6039823A (en) * 1995-04-20 2000-03-21 International Fuel Cells Composite article
WO2000016424A1 (fr) * 1998-09-16 2000-03-23 Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh Plaque de matiere plastique et son procede de production
EP1020942A1 (fr) * 1997-05-14 2000-07-19 SANYO ELECTRIC Co., Ltd. Cellule electrochimique a polymere solide permettant de fournir de maniere constante d'excellentes caracteristiques de production d'energie
WO2001005571A1 (fr) * 1999-07-15 2001-01-25 Teledyne Energy Systems, Inc. Plaque collectrice de pile a combustible a conductivite amelioree et procede de fabrication

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7509675A (nl) * 1975-08-14 1977-02-16 Stamicarbon Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een electro- chemische cel of batterij, bijvoorbeeld een brand- stofcel of brandstofcelbatterij en volgens deze werkwijze vervaardigde cel of batterij.
JPS60236461A (ja) * 1984-04-04 1985-11-25 Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd 燃料電池用電極基板及びその製造方法
DE3642605C2 (de) * 1986-12-13 1995-06-08 Ringsdorff Werke Gmbh Elektrode für elektrochemische Prozesse und Verwendung der Elektrode
DE19542721A1 (de) * 1995-11-16 1997-05-22 Sgl Technik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellen von Formkörpern aus Kunststoff-Füllstoff-Mischungen mit einem hohen Gehalt an Füllstoffen
DE19829142A1 (de) * 1998-06-30 2000-01-05 Manhattan Scientifics Inc Gasdichter Verbund aus Bipolarplatte und Membran-Elektroden-Einheit von Polymerelektrolytmembran-Brennstoffzellen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0330124A2 (fr) * 1988-02-24 1989-08-30 Toray Industries, Inc. Substrat électroconductif intégré et procédé de fabrication
US5338320A (en) * 1989-10-17 1994-08-16 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flat plate-like ribbed porous carbon material and manufacturing method therefor
US6039823A (en) * 1995-04-20 2000-03-21 International Fuel Cells Composite article
EP1020942A1 (fr) * 1997-05-14 2000-07-19 SANYO ELECTRIC Co., Ltd. Cellule electrochimique a polymere solide permettant de fournir de maniere constante d'excellentes caracteristiques de production d'energie
WO2000016424A1 (fr) * 1998-09-16 2000-03-23 Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh Plaque de matiere plastique et son procede de production
WO2001005571A1 (fr) * 1999-07-15 2001-01-25 Teledyne Energy Systems, Inc. Plaque collectrice de pile a combustible a conductivite amelioree et procede de fabrication

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7534510B2 (en) 2004-09-03 2009-05-19 The Gillette Company Fuel compositions
US7989117B2 (en) 2004-09-03 2011-08-02 The Gillette Company Fuel compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002361039A1 (en) 2003-06-23
WO2003050902A3 (fr) 2004-06-10
DE10160706A1 (de) 2003-06-26
AU2002361039A8 (en) 2003-06-23

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