WO2003033922A1 - Keramikkugelgelenk - Google Patents
Keramikkugelgelenk Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003033922A1 WO2003033922A1 PCT/DE2002/003778 DE0203778W WO03033922A1 WO 2003033922 A1 WO2003033922 A1 WO 2003033922A1 DE 0203778 W DE0203778 W DE 0203778W WO 03033922 A1 WO03033922 A1 WO 03033922A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ball
- joint
- ball joint
- pin
- bearing shell
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/043—Sliding surface consisting mainly of ceramics, cermets or hard carbon, e.g. diamond like carbon [DLC]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
- F16C11/0604—Construction of the male part
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
- F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
- F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
- F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
- F16C2326/05—Vehicle suspensions, e.g. bearings, pivots or connecting rods used therein
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
- Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
- Y10T403/32681—Composite ball
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
- Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
- Y10T403/32681—Composite ball
- Y10T403/32696—Nonmetallic part
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
- Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
- Y10T403/32681—Composite ball
- Y10T403/32704—Stud extends into ball
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
- Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
- Y10T403/32786—Divided socket-type coupling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
- Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
- Y10T403/32795—Bifurcated socket
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
- Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
- Y10T403/32803—Separable socket sections
Definitions
- the invention relates to a ball joint for a motor vehicle, in particular for the chassis of the motor vehicle, having a ball joint housing provided with a joint opening, a ball pin having a joint ball and a pin, which is pivoted and pivoted with its joint ball in a bearing shell arranged in the ball joint housing and with its pin protrudes from the ball joint housing through the joint opening.
- Such a ball joint is known from EP 0 667 464 B1, the ball pin being designed as a two-part component.
- a through opening is provided in the joint ball made of metal, through which the pin of the ball pin extends.
- the pin is held by deformation of a flanged edge of the pin located within the through opening of the joint ball.
- the lubricant and the sealing bellows not only cause additional material costs, they also result in higher production costs. Furthermore, when using a sealing bellows, a greater length of the ball pin is required so that a good sealing effect can be achieved than would be required in terms of construction without a sealing bellows.
- POM has a low coefficient of friction.
- the use of POM limits the maximum continuous operating temperature of the ball joint to approx. 100 ° C, so that such ball joints e.g. must not be arranged in the immediate vicinity of motor vehicle brakes.
- POM also has a low maximum possible surface pressure, so that large ball diameters are selected for the joint ball to reduce the surface pressure acting on the bearing shell.
- the invention is based on the object of creating a ball joint of the type mentioned, which can be manufactured more cost-effectively and smaller in size with the same mechanical requirements, and which has a significantly longer service life.
- the ball joint according to the invention for a motor vehicle in particular for the chassis of the motor vehicle, has a ball joint housing provided with a joint opening and a ball pin which has a joint ball and a pin and which can be rotated with its joint ball in a bearing shell arranged in the ball joint housing and is pivotally mounted, the ball pin with its pin protruding through the joint opening out of the ball joint housing.
- the bearing shell is divided into at least two separate bearing shell parts, wherein the joint ball and the bearing shell are made of a ceramic material.
- the ceramic used is corrosion-resistant to water and very hard, so that dirt particles between the joint ball and the bearing shell are ground and rendered ineffective for wear.
- a sealing bellows as protection against contamination and water can be dispensed with in the ball joint according to the invention. If the sealing bellows is dispensed with, the clamping rings that are generally required for fastening the sealing bellows can also be dispensed with.
- the surface of the ceramic used can also have a very low coefficient of friction, so that no lubricant is required. In addition to these possible material savings, the process steps associated with these materials in the manufacture of the ball joint can also be omitted.
- the maximum possible surface pressure with a ceramic material is considerably higher than, for example, with POM, so that smaller ball radii can be selected for the joint ball.
- the surface of the ceramic material is subjected to no wear or only very little wear, so that the ball joint according to the invention has a significantly longer service life.
- the ball joint according to the invention can be implemented more cheaply and smaller than a ball joint known from the prior art, which is provided for the same purpose. Furthermore, ceramic is also less sensitive to temperature than POM, which extends the area of application of the ball joint according to the invention.
- the bearing shell can rest directly on the ball joint housing.
- an intermediate layer made of an elastic material is preferably arranged between the bearing shell and the ball joint housing, so that impacts can only be transmitted in a damped manner from the bearing shell to the ball joint housing or vice versa. This affects beneficial to the life of the generally brittle ceramic material and improves driving comfort.
- the two separate bearing shell parts can be arranged at a distance from one another, the area between the mutually facing edges of the two bearing shell parts being free.
- the intermediate layer preferably extends into the region between the mutually facing edges of the two bearing shell parts, so that these form a uniform bearing body for the joint ball together with the intermediate layer. If the intermediate layer does not reach as far as the joint ball, then the cavity formed between the intermediate layer and the joint ball can serve to absorb dust which arises, for example, from the grinding of dirt particles.
- the ball joint housing can be closed on its side facing away from the joint opening with a cover, the edge of which engages in a recess or groove provided in the inner wall of the ball joint housing.
- the intermediate layer preferably extends into the recesses and is thus arranged between the cover and the ball joint housing.
- the intermediate layer can be made of an elastic material such as rubber.
- the intermediate layer is preferably made of a plastic, since plastics can generally be designed to be more temperature-resistant and can have significantly better sliding properties. Plastic is often easier to inject than rubber.
- the use of sprayable materials such as rubber or plastic enables the two bearing shell parts to be extrusion-coated to form a common bearing body which can be held together by the sprayable material without play. Fibers can also be embedded in the sprayable material in order to increase its resilience. Glass, carbon or aramid fibers are suitable as fibers, for example.
- the intermediate layer is also an assembly aid.
- the joint ball and the two bearing shells can namely to form a composite in a tool from Plastic or rubber are overmolded, this composite then has a little play between the joint ball and the bearing shell and can be easily installed in the ball joint housing.
- the two bearing shell parts can be separated from one another with respect to a plane in which the longitudinal axis of the bearing lies (vertical division).
- a second variant is preferred, according to which a first of the two bearing shell parts is arranged in the region of the ball joint housing facing the joint opening with respect to the meridian plane defined by the large circle running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bearing, the second bearing shell part being arranged in that of the joint opening with respect to the meridian plane facing away region of the ball joint housing is arranged.
- the meridian plane thus forms a division plane between the two bearing shell parts, so that they lie opposite one another with respect to the meridian plane (horizontal division).
- the pin can also be made of a ceramic material.
- the pin is preferably made of a metallic material and is integrally or positively connected to the joint ball. This ensures that the pin can absorb higher tensile forces.
- the positive connection between the pin and the joint ball is preferably realized in that a through opening is provided in the joint ball, through which the pin extends.
- a shoulder is formed on the pin, which abuts the edge of the through opening facing the joint opening, the pin being widened at its end arranged in the joint housing in such a way that the joint ball is positively fixed on the pin between the shoulder and the widened end of the pin ,
- the widened end of the pin can rest directly on the joint ball.
- a ring made of metal or of an elastic material is preferably inserted between the widened end of the pin and the joint ball, thereby creating a distribution the forces exerted on the joint ball by the widened end is made possible over a larger area.
- steel can be used as the metal and rubber, for example, can be used as the elastic material.
- the ceramic material can be made, for example, on the basis of aluminum oxide, silicon nitride or zirconium oxide. However, it is also possible to use so-called “hard metals” such as tungsten carbide or titanium carbide. The list of these materials is not to be understood as restrictive, so that other ceramic materials or mixed ceramic materials that meet the requirements in the motor vehicle, especially in the chassis of the motor vehicle.
- the surface of the joint ball can be smooth.
- the surface of the joint ball is preferably provided with a profile, so that contaminants can be better transported out of the ball joint.
- a possible type of profile is, for example, the formation of circular depressions in the surface of the joint ball, similar to a golf ball.
- a joint ball 1 made of ceramic is rotatably or pivotably mounted in a bearing shell 2 also made of ceramic.
- the bearing shell 2 is divided into two separate bearing shell parts 3 and 4 and arranged in a ball joint housing 5.
- an "intermediate layer 6 made of plastic is provided, which also extends into the area between the mutually facing edges of the two bearing shell parts 3 and 4 extends.
- the ball joint housing 5 is a cylindrical body, one end face of which forms a joint opening 7 and the other end face of which is closed with a cover 8.
- the cover 8 engages in an annular groove 9 formed in the inner wall of the ball joint housing 5, which is formed by flanging the edge 10 of the ball joint housing 5 surrounding the cover 8 in the direction of the bearing longitudinal axis 11.
- the intermediate layer 6 also engages in the annular groove 9 and is fixed there between the cover 8 and the ball joint housing 5.
- a through opening 12 is provided in the joint ball 1, through which a pin 13 made of metal extends.
- An annular shoulder 14 is formed on the pin 13 and bears against the edge of the through opening 12 facing the joint opening 7.
- the pin is provided with an enlargement 15 which presses via a rubber ring 16 against the edge of the through hole 12 facing away from the joint opening 7.
- a cylindrical recess 17 is provided in the end region of the ball pin 13 arranged in the ball joint housing 5, which is surrounded by a ring 18 and is concentric with the longitudinal axis 19 of the pin 13.
- the edge 18 is flanged radially outwards, that is in the direction away from the longitudinal axis 19 of the pin 13, which coincides with the longitudinal axis 11 of the ball joint in the undeflected state of the pin 13 relative to the ball joint housing 5.
- Slits 20 are also provided in the edge 18, so that a flanging of the edge 18 is easier. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003536623A JP2005505732A (ja) | 2001-10-11 | 2002-10-08 | セラミックボールジョイント |
EP02785043A EP1434947A1 (de) | 2001-10-11 | 2002-10-08 | Keramikkugelgelenk |
US10/450,937 US6857810B2 (en) | 2001-10-11 | 2002-10-08 | Ceramic ball-and-socket joint |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10149995A DE10149995A1 (de) | 2001-10-11 | 2001-10-11 | Keramikkugelgelenk |
DE10149995.7 | 2001-10-11 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/446,639 Continuation US6886355B2 (en) | 2000-11-23 | 2003-05-21 | Air-conditioning system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003033922A1 true WO2003033922A1 (de) | 2003-04-24 |
Family
ID=7702053
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2002/003778 WO2003033922A1 (de) | 2001-10-11 | 2002-10-08 | Keramikkugelgelenk |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6857810B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1434947A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005505732A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10149995A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003033922A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10201022A1 (de) * | 2002-01-11 | 2003-07-24 | Zf Lemfoerder Metallwaren Ag | Kugelgelenk |
US7294314B2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2007-11-13 | Graham Robert G | Heat exchangers with novel ball joints and assemblies and processes using such heat exchangers |
DE10361289B4 (de) * | 2003-12-24 | 2006-05-24 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Kugelgelenk |
US20050192519A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-01 | John Crunick | Motor assemblies and massage assemblies using the same |
DE102004029581B4 (de) * | 2004-06-18 | 2014-01-16 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Zentralgelenk für einen Dreieckslenker von Kraftfahrzeugen |
US7543992B2 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2009-06-09 | General Electric Company | High temperature rod end bearings |
DE102005030747B4 (de) | 2005-06-29 | 2012-12-27 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Kugelgelenk |
DE102006039827A1 (de) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-02-28 | Mahle International Gmbh | Schaltvorrichtung zum Steuern einer Gasströmung |
US20080085151A1 (en) * | 2006-10-04 | 2008-04-10 | Pazdirek Jiri V | Light weight ball joint |
DE102011118852A1 (de) | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-23 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Kugelgelenk |
US9765811B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2017-09-19 | Federal-Mogul Motorparts Corporation | Ball socket assembly |
US10605309B2 (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2020-03-31 | Mevotech Lp | Snap-in bearing for automotive ball joint |
DE102021103567A1 (de) | 2021-02-16 | 2022-08-18 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Homokinetisches Gleichlaufgelenk |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2912267A (en) * | 1953-11-20 | 1959-11-10 | Ehrenreich & Cie A | Ball and socket joints |
GB1259672A (en) * | 1969-01-02 | 1972-01-12 | Kaman Aerospace Corp | Bearing construction |
US4033019A (en) * | 1975-07-21 | 1977-07-05 | Kamatics Corporation | Method of assembling bearings |
US4624674A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1986-11-25 | Pappas Michael J | Spherical kinematic joint |
EP0279275A1 (de) * | 1987-02-12 | 1988-08-24 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Kugelgelenk aus Keramik |
DE4226986A1 (de) * | 1992-08-14 | 1994-02-17 | Audi Ag | Gelenk, insbesondere Kugelgelenk |
EP0667464A2 (de) * | 1994-02-05 | 1995-08-16 | Lemförder Metallwaren Ag. | Kugelzapfen eines Kugelgelenks für Kraftfahrzeuge |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3329453A (en) * | 1964-02-13 | 1967-07-04 | Columbus Auto Parts | Joint for steering linkage arm or the like |
US3685878A (en) * | 1970-05-25 | 1972-08-22 | Kacarb Products Corp | Bearing construction |
US3916451A (en) * | 1974-10-25 | 1975-11-04 | Frederick F Buechel | Floating center prosthetic joint |
US4619658A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1986-10-28 | Pappas Michael J | Spherical kinematic joint |
US5062853A (en) * | 1989-08-08 | 1991-11-05 | Forte Mark R | Bipolar femoral implant |
DE4035614A1 (de) * | 1990-11-09 | 1992-05-14 | Friedrichsfeld Ag | Verbindungsanordnung fuer ein kugelgelenk |
JPH0882318A (ja) * | 1994-09-12 | 1996-03-26 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | ボールジョイントとその製造方法 |
DE19926923A1 (de) * | 1999-06-14 | 2000-12-21 | Ceramtec Ag | Modular aufgebaute Gelenkpfanne für eine Kugelgelenk-Prothese |
-
2001
- 2001-10-11 DE DE10149995A patent/DE10149995A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-10-08 JP JP2003536623A patent/JP2005505732A/ja active Pending
- 2002-10-08 EP EP02785043A patent/EP1434947A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-10-08 US US10/450,937 patent/US6857810B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-10-08 WO PCT/DE2002/003778 patent/WO2003033922A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2912267A (en) * | 1953-11-20 | 1959-11-10 | Ehrenreich & Cie A | Ball and socket joints |
GB1259672A (en) * | 1969-01-02 | 1972-01-12 | Kaman Aerospace Corp | Bearing construction |
US4033019A (en) * | 1975-07-21 | 1977-07-05 | Kamatics Corporation | Method of assembling bearings |
US4624674A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1986-11-25 | Pappas Michael J | Spherical kinematic joint |
EP0279275A1 (de) * | 1987-02-12 | 1988-08-24 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Kugelgelenk aus Keramik |
DE4226986A1 (de) * | 1992-08-14 | 1994-02-17 | Audi Ag | Gelenk, insbesondere Kugelgelenk |
EP0667464A2 (de) * | 1994-02-05 | 1995-08-16 | Lemförder Metallwaren Ag. | Kugelzapfen eines Kugelgelenks für Kraftfahrzeuge |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10149995A1 (de) | 2003-04-24 |
US6857810B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 |
US20040037622A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
JP2005505732A (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
EP1434947A1 (de) | 2004-07-07 |
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