WO2003016891A2 - Capteur et procede permettant la mesure de micro-deformations statiques et dynamiques - Google Patents

Capteur et procede permettant la mesure de micro-deformations statiques et dynamiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003016891A2
WO2003016891A2 PCT/IB2002/003175 IB0203175W WO03016891A2 WO 2003016891 A2 WO2003016891 A2 WO 2003016891A2 IB 0203175 W IB0203175 W IB 0203175W WO 03016891 A2 WO03016891 A2 WO 03016891A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ferromagnetic element
signal
sensor according
excitation
sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2002/003175
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003016891A3 (fr
Inventor
Luciano Lanotte
Roberto Germano
Amleto D'agostino
Vincenzo Iannotti
Giovanni Ausanio
Original Assignee
Infm Istituto Nazionale Per La Fisica Della Materia
Promete S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Infm Istituto Nazionale Per La Fisica Della Materia, Promete S.R.L. filed Critical Infm Istituto Nazionale Per La Fisica Della Materia
Priority to AU2002356000A priority Critical patent/AU2002356000A1/en
Publication of WO2003016891A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003016891A2/fr
Publication of WO2003016891A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003016891A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
    • G01B7/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in magnetic properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/12—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress
    • G01L1/125—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress by using magnetostrictive means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/12—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress
    • G01L1/127—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress by using inductive means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sensor for detecting static and dynamic micro-deformations, including mechanical vibrations and, in particular, to a magnetoelastic sensor according to the preamble to Claim 1 or 2.
  • the invention also relates to a method of measuring the above-mentioned deformations .
  • magnetoelastic sensors which use a ferromagnetic material, are used, amongst others; in these sensors, a variation in the internal stresses due to a mechanical deformation leads to a variation in the magnetization of the material, thus generating a magnetic flux owing to the so-called inverse magnetostrictive effect.
  • detecting the changes in magnetic flux it is therefore possible to determine the deformations undergone by the material, by means of known physical laws .
  • This type of sensor has advantages in terms of sensitivity and speed in comparison with strain gauges, laser velocimeters, and Hall probes for the measurement of static and dynamic deformations transduced by direct contact of the sensor with the body subject to deformation.
  • the magnetoelastic sensors provided by the prior art are quite inaccurate for the measurement of dynamic deformations and, moreover, their response to the stresses may vary over time, compromising the soundness and reliability of the measurements taken.
  • a principal object of the present invention is to provide a sensor for detecting static and dynamic micro-deformations which is extremely versatile and can be optimized according to the type of measurement to be taken, and which is very sensitive, and at the same time inexpensive.
  • a further object is to provide a sensor in which the response to stresses is constant over time and is therefore reliable for the monitoring of buildings over long periods .
  • Figure 1 is a schematic, perspective view of a sensor formed in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic, sectioned, side elevational view of the sensor of Figure 1, and
  • Figures 3a and 3b are schematic, sectioned, side elevational views of variants of the sensor of Figure 1.
  • a magnetoelastic sensor for detecting static and dynamic micro-deformations formed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the sensor 1 comprises a box-like casing 2 including a hollow tubular body 3 and two opposed walls 5a, 5b fixed to two opposite ends 3a, 3b of the tubular body 3.
  • the boxlike casing 2 is made of plastics material, such as, for example, Nylon or PVC.
  • a first coil and a second coil 6, 7 are arranged a predetermined distance apart, coaxially with the tubular body 3, inside the box-like casing 2.
  • the first, excitation coil 6 is connected to a generator 8 of electrical signals of selectable amplitude and frequency
  • the second, detection coil 7 is connected to amplification and processing means 9, suitable for amplifying and processing a signal detected by the coil 7, and to display means 10, for displaying the signal thus processed.
  • a magnet 20 is incorporated within the cylindrical wall 3c defined by the tubular body 3 for generating a possible biassing static magnetic field.
  • the ferromagnetic element 11 is made of amorphous ferromagnetic metal, for example, of Fe 62 . 5 Co 6 Ni 7 . 5 Zr 6 Cu ⁇ Nb 2 Bi 5 , treated thermally so as to provide the maximum amplitude of the resonant longitudinal magnetoelastic waves, as explained in detail below.
  • the ferromagnetic element 11 is incorporated completely in a sheathing 12 of resilient rubber which is not homogeneous with the ferromagnetic element 11 and which is longer than the element 11.
  • Two opposite ends 13a 13b, which project at the ends of the ferromagnetic element 11, are thus defined on the sheathing 12 and each is fixed to a respective wall 5a or 5b of the box-like casing 2.
  • each end 13a, 13b is fitted in an opening 14 formed in the respective wall 5a, 5b, and is welded therein.
  • the ferromagnetic element 11 is thus spaced both from the tubular body 3 and from the walls 5a, 5b but is connected to the latter by means of the sheathing 12.
  • Both the box-like casing 2 and the sheathing 12 may also be made of the same elastomeric material so that the sheathing 12 is completely homogeneous with the walls 5a and 5b.
  • the box-like casing 2 is also covered by a covering 15 of silicone material suitable for protecting the sensor 1 from impacts or external corrosive agents.
  • the covering 15 also prevents oxidation of the ferromagnetic element 11 and of the electrical contacts existing between the various elements constituting the sensor 1.
  • Calibration means 17 are also connected to the detection coil 7 for the remote calibration of the sensor 1 in predetermined conditions, as explained by way of example below.
  • the electrical-signal generator 8, the amplification and processing means 9, and comparator means 18 are subject to the calibration means.
  • the above- mentioned amplification and processing means 9 and the electrical-signal generator 8, as well as additional means for cutting any noise signals (not shown) are included in a single electronic control board.
  • the senor 1 In order to perform a measurement of the static and/or dynamic micro-deformations of a preselected object, the sensor 1 is placed in contact with the object or is incorporated therein.
  • the sensor 1 can also perform measurements of deformations to which vibrating objects not directly in contact with the sensor are subject.
  • the material of which the box-like casing 2 is made renders the sensor 1 easily deformable and affords it good resilience properties, at least within the estimated load range.
  • the covering 15 of silicone material renders the sensor 1 biologically compatible.
  • the excitation coil 6 is driven by an alternating-current signal having a sinusoidal curve, output by the electrical- signal generator 8. Because of this signal, the coil 6 generates a variable magnetic field having a predetermined frequency and amplitude. In response to this magnetic field, which is variable over time, the magnetic energy is converted by the ferromagnetic element 11 into elastic energy which is responsible for mechanical deformations of the element 11. Since the ferromagnetic element 11 is also magnetostrictive, as it deforms mechanically, at the same time, it generates a magnetic flux which can be detected by the detection coil 7.
  • the frequency of the exciting magnetic field is equal to the mechanical resonance frequency of the ferromagnetic element 11
  • the conversion of the magnetic energy into mechanical energy is maximal and a stationary magnetoelastic resonant wave is excited in the ferromagnetic element 11.
  • the magnetic component of the magnetoelastic wave which is not necessarily at resonance frequency, and which is designated the first signal emitted by the ferromagnetic element 11 in the appended claims, induces an electromotive force in the detection coil 7 and various parameters of this magnetic component can therefore be measured by the processing means 9.
  • the amplitude of the magnetoelastic wave can be correlated, by means of well-established theoretical models, with the stresses applied to the ferromagnetic element, and the deformations of the object monitored can be derived from these stresses.
  • the resilient rubber sheathing 12 is connected to the opposed walls 5a, 5b in a manner such that the ferromagnetic element 11 is pretensioned so that, for example, compressions of the box-like casing 2 caused by external deformations acting on the object to which the sensor 1 is applied cause a reduction in the tensioning and hence an increase in the amplitude of the magnetoelastic wave in the element 11.
  • a small permanent magnet for example 2x2x2 mm 3
  • the main body of the sensor 1 (irrespective of whether it is formed in accordance with the prior art or as described in the above-described preferred embodiment) is placed in the immediate vicinity and is excited by the oscillations of the above-mentioned permanent magnet so that the permanent magnet modulates the magnetoelastic wave induced by the excitation coil.
  • parameters relating to the magnetoelastic wave excited in the ferromagnetic element 11, which are correlated with the movements of the magnet applied to the vibrating object, and hence with the deformations undergone thereby at the point at which the magnet is fitted, are measured.
  • Figures 3a and 3b show variants of the sensor for measurements in which it operates in direct contact with the object to be monitored.
  • the permanent magnet is an integral part of the sensor system and is arranged therein in accordance with two possible solutions.
  • the permanent magnet, indicated 21 is applied directly to a base wall 22 of the box-like casing 2, inside a closed extension portion 23 of the casing, and the sensor is restrained firmly on the body 24 to be monitored through the wall 22, in an operative condition.
  • the casing of the sensor has an open extension portion 25 of its own lateral surface and the free edge of the extension portion is restrained directly on the body 24 to be monitored, in an operative condition, so as to surround the permanent magnet 21 which is applied firmly to the body.
  • the measurement of deformations in dynamic conditions is more accurate in particular by virtue of the stability achieved by the elastomeric sheathing 12.
  • the response of the sensor 1 is thus rendered substantially stable with respect to movements of the ferromagnetic element 11 due to external mechanical actions such as rigid oscillations of the sensor 1.
  • an on-line calibration stage by means of the calibration means 17, is also provided for according to the invention.
  • This stage provides for the transmission to the excitation coil 6 of a series of alternating-current signals which have frequencies of the order of the mechanical frequencies, that is, between 1 and 500 Hz, and which are superimposed on the exciting signal .
  • these alternating- current signals which are referred to below as calibration signals, the change in the signal emitted by the ferromagnetic element 11 (designated the second signal emitted in the claims) and detected by the detection coil 7 is checked.
  • the comparator means 18 Since the response to these calibration signals is known, if comparison by the comparator means 18 between the exciting signals (that is, the exciting signal on which the calibration signals are superimposed) and the signal detected matches predetermined standards, that is, by comparison with known values in an optimal operating situation, the working conditions are left unchanged; otherwise, the amplitude of the exciting signal generated by the generator 8 and the gain of the detection coil 7 are automatically changed so as to re-establish the working conditions for which the sensor 1 was calibrated. This enables the sensor 1 to be used as calibrated, even if some conditions boundary change, in particular, if the local magnetic field is changed for some reason, owing to the presence of magnetic material which was absent at the time when the sensor was installed.
  • the invention also provides for the parameters of the magnetoelastic wave detected by the coil 7 and processed by the processing means 9 during the taking of a measurement to be the amplitude of the wave, its phase, and the phase displacement relative to the exciting wave. According to the type of application of the sensor 1, the use of one parameter rather than another in fact increases the sensitivity of the sensor.
  • the sensor of the present invention does not operate exclusively by generating waves at the basic resonance frequency in the ferromagnetic element 11, but a wave having a frequency slightly offset from the resonance frequency is preselected as the excitation frequency (and hence the vibration frequency of the ferromagnetic element 11) since, in these conditions, variations in the amplitude of the signal detected by the coil 7, in dependence on the local magnetizing field generated, for example, by a permanent magnet which marks the object to the monitored, as in the case of Figures 3a and 3b, or on the deformations of the ferromagnetic element 11, have the maximum derivative.
  • the excitation signal emitted by the excitation coil 6 has a frequency within a range around the basic resonance frequency having a width calculated as follows.
  • v * indicates the resonance frequency
  • A* the corresponding amplitude (maximum)
  • Vp P the value of the frequency ( ⁇ v * ) corresponding to A*/2, which is referred to as Vp P , is determined at a single resonance peak.
  • the range in question therefore has a width equal to [v * -v PP ,
  • the optimal working frequency is re-established automatically from time to time by means of the same self- calibration system just described, by automatically varying the frequency in the above-mentioned range.
  • the invention thus achieves the objects proposed, affording the above-mentioned advantages over known solutions.
  • the resilient rubber sheathing makes the coupling between the ferromagnetic element and the box-like casing more stable .
  • the senor thus designed is very sensitive and its response is stable over time.
  • Sensors according to the invention may also be used as travel-limit sensors or level sensors with variable travel for control systems for industrial processes.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un capteur électromagnétique (1) destiné à la détection de micro-déformations statiques et dynamiques comportant un élément ferromagnétique magnétoélastique (11), une bobine d'excitation (6) pour émettre un signal d'excitation vers l'élément ferromagnétique (11), une bobine de détection (7) pour la détection d'un premier signal émis par l'élément ferromagnétique (11) résultant du signal d'excitation. On peut améliorer un tel capteur en réalisant la connexion solide d'un élément d'aimant permanent (21) à un corps, dont on veut mesurer les déformations statiques et dynamiques. Un tel capteur peut être également amélioré par la réalisation d'une gaine (12) d'un matériau élastique pour l'élément ferromagnétique (11), montée de sorte que l'élément ferromagnétique (11) soit au moins partiellement encastré dans la gaine (12). L'invention concerne également un procédé de mesure de micro-déformations statiques et dynamiques.
PCT/IB2002/003175 2001-08-09 2002-08-08 Capteur et procede permettant la mesure de micro-deformations statiques et dynamiques WO2003016891A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002356000A AU2002356000A1 (en) 2001-08-09 2002-08-08 A sensor and a method for measuring static and dynamic micro-deformations

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2001PD000204A ITPD20010204A1 (it) 2001-08-09 2001-08-09 Sensore e metodo di misura di microdeformazioni statiche e dinamiche
ITPD2001A000204 2001-08-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003016891A2 true WO2003016891A2 (fr) 2003-02-27
WO2003016891A3 WO2003016891A3 (fr) 2004-06-10

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IT (1) ITPD20010204A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003016891A2 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006042356A1 (fr) * 2004-10-21 2006-04-27 Technische Universität Wien Dispositif detecteur dote d'un element capteur magnetostrictif et utilisation de ce dispositif detecteur
WO2013092068A1 (fr) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Machine pourvue d'un dispositif de mesure pour mesurer des forces et/ou des charges
CN104138273A (zh) * 2013-05-08 2014-11-12 西门子公司 医疗处理或检查装置
US20150122044A1 (en) * 2013-11-01 2015-05-07 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Magnetoelastic strain sensor
JP2017134013A (ja) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-03 株式会社オンガエンジニアリング 複合共振法による非接触応力測定方法及びその測定装置
CN108802086A (zh) * 2018-04-17 2018-11-13 太原理工大学 磁振效应印迹传感器
EP3885728A1 (fr) * 2020-03-24 2021-09-29 ContiTech Antriebssysteme GmbH Système de détection de la dilatation d'un produit élastomère

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB442441A (en) * 1934-08-03 1936-02-03 Frederick Daniel Smith Magnetic pressure, tension, torsion and like stress measuring devices
JPS56101527A (en) * 1980-01-17 1981-08-14 Yazaki Corp Measuring device of stress
JPH11352144A (ja) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-24 Yaskawa Electric Corp 加速度センサ
WO2000058687A1 (fr) * 1999-03-31 2000-10-05 Elfor Smart Sensors Ltd. Dispositif magneto-elastique fournissant un signal electrique utile

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB442441A (en) * 1934-08-03 1936-02-03 Frederick Daniel Smith Magnetic pressure, tension, torsion and like stress measuring devices
JPS56101527A (en) * 1980-01-17 1981-08-14 Yazaki Corp Measuring device of stress
JPH11352144A (ja) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-24 Yaskawa Electric Corp 加速度センサ
WO2000058687A1 (fr) * 1999-03-31 2000-10-05 Elfor Smart Sensors Ltd. Dispositif magneto-elastique fournissant un signal electrique utile

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 005, no. 173 (P-087), 5 November 1981 (1981-11-05) & JP 56 101527 A (YAZAKI CORP), 14 August 1981 (1981-08-14) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 03, 30 March 2000 (2000-03-30) & JP 11 352144 A (YASKAWA ELECTRIC CORP), 24 December 1999 (1999-12-24) *

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006042356A1 (fr) * 2004-10-21 2006-04-27 Technische Universität Wien Dispositif detecteur dote d'un element capteur magnetostrictif et utilisation de ce dispositif detecteur
US9816880B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2017-11-14 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Device having a measuring apparatus for measuring forces and/or loads
KR20140113916A (ko) * 2011-12-22 2014-09-25 젯트에프 프리드리히스하펜 아게 힘 및/또는 부하를 측정하기 위한 측정 기구를 구비한 장치
US20150006054A1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2015-01-01 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Device having a measuring apparatus for measuring forces and/or loads
KR102035660B1 (ko) * 2011-12-22 2019-10-23 젯트에프 프리드리히스하펜 아게 힘 및/또는 부하를 측정하기 위한 측정 기구를 구비한 장치
EP2795278B1 (fr) * 2011-12-22 2019-06-12 ZF Friedrichshafen AG Machine pourvue d'un dispositif de mesure pour mesurer des forces et/ou des charges
CN103827647A (zh) * 2011-12-22 2014-05-28 Zf腓特烈斯哈芬股份公司 具有用于测量力和/或负载的测量机构的装置
WO2013092068A1 (fr) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Machine pourvue d'un dispositif de mesure pour mesurer des forces et/ou des charges
US10076288B2 (en) 2013-05-08 2018-09-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Medical treatment or examination device
CN104138273A (zh) * 2013-05-08 2014-11-12 西门子公司 医疗处理或检查装置
US9726557B2 (en) * 2013-11-01 2017-08-08 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Magnetoelastic strain sensor
US20150122044A1 (en) * 2013-11-01 2015-05-07 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Magnetoelastic strain sensor
JP2017134013A (ja) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-03 株式会社オンガエンジニアリング 複合共振法による非接触応力測定方法及びその測定装置
CN108802086A (zh) * 2018-04-17 2018-11-13 太原理工大学 磁振效应印迹传感器
EP3885728A1 (fr) * 2020-03-24 2021-09-29 ContiTech Antriebssysteme GmbH Système de détection de la dilatation d'un produit élastomère

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002356000A1 (en) 2003-03-03
ITPD20010204A1 (it) 2003-02-09
WO2003016891A3 (fr) 2004-06-10

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