WO2003005604A1 - Verfahren zum aufbau wenigstens einer funkstrecke zwischen funkstationen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum aufbau wenigstens einer funkstrecke zwischen funkstationen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003005604A1 WO2003005604A1 PCT/AT2002/000192 AT0200192W WO03005604A1 WO 2003005604 A1 WO2003005604 A1 WO 2003005604A1 AT 0200192 W AT0200192 W AT 0200192W WO 03005604 A1 WO03005604 A1 WO 03005604A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- directions
- antenna
- adaptive antenna
- transmission
- valid
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/24—Cell structures
- H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for establishing at least one radio link between radio stations using at least one adaptive antenna.
- the invention is concerned with the construction of radio links or networks, in particular mobile radio networks, using location-specific information and using adaptive ("intelligent") antennas, "extension” also being understood to mean the expansion of existing radio links or radio networks.
- the invention is suitable for all types of radio connections, e.g. occur in public or private networks, e.g. in mobile radio networks, but also in private or public ad hoc networks, wireless local data networks (“wireless LAN”) and for radio access to the fixed network (“wireless local loop", LL), and it can in particular also be used to adapt existing radio connections or networks are used.
- the uplink from the mobile station to the base station is the easier task because the currently existing mobile radio channel can easily be estimated by the base station receivers with training sequences. Examples of methods that take advantage of this fact for adaptive antennas are described in the cited documents WO 95/22873 A2 and WO 95/26116 AI.
- the receiving directions, which maximize the desired signal, but minimize the noise or co-channel interference, are continuously tracked to the changed positions of the transmitting remote stations, e.g. in EP 0 837 523 A2 and JP 2000-138520 A.
- Location-specific information for network construction and expansion is already used today in such a way that height databases of the area in which a base station is to be set up are used. This topographical information is occasionally supplemented by orphographic information such as degree of development (inner city, suburban) or vegetation (open field, forest, water).
- Network planning software is also known, which uses beam tracking algorithms to determine the probable path that electromagnetic waves take from the base station to the mobile station and vice versa. These methods are extremely computationally complex and, above all, require high-precision three-dimensional databases if the predicted field strength and the channel impulse response are to correspond somewhat with reality. To this day, they have therefore not prevailed in the planning and construction of public mobile radio networks. In no known case is the transmission direction (or the exact direction of reception) used for planning or setting up cellular networks that are derived from the built-up area or sectors that are not hidden due to electromagnetic wave propagation do not result in reception at the opposite station being able to lead.
- the object of the invention is now to establish radio connections in such a way that, in particular, as much transmission power as possible is saved and the interference level is kept as low as possible by modifying methods with adaptive antennas in the transmission direction or in the reception direction in such a way that transmission is predominantly only in those directions to lead actual ("valid") directions of reception at remote stations, or preferably is predominantly received only from those directions which correspond to the actual transmission directions of remote stations.
- the invention provides a method for setting up or expanding public or private radio links or radio networks with radio stations (transmitting and receiving stations) using at least one adaptive antenna on such a radio station, generally a method for setting up at least one radio link between Radio stations using at least one adaptive antenna, in which the adaptive antenna is set up beforehand in a location-specific manner, at least for transmission, essentially in at least one direction which corresponds to a valid reception direction at remote stations.
- the adaptive antenna only transmits in such a direction or in those directions (or angular ranges) from which a remote station or multiple remote stations can actually receive the transmission signal.
- the connection must not be direct, there may also be connections via reflections on buildings, etc., as will be explained in more detail below.
- those directions or angular ranges that cannot lead to a reasonable reception at a remote station during transmission, for example due to a blockage by buildings are "faded out" on the adaptive antenna from the outset by its corresponding setup and control, which can be accomplished in that Corresponding antenna weights are provided for the antenna elements of the adaptive antenna, as will also be explained in more detail below.
- the present method does not (only) set the transmission direction in the current case, when the respective radio connection is established, and the interference power is minimized, but it is already ensured from the outset that only such directions are transmitted from which a remote station can actually also receive, on the other hand, other directions or angular ranges that cannot lead to actual connections with remote stations are excluded a priori by providing the appropriate control of the adaptive antenna and its arrangement.
- This special device relates in particular to the transmission function of the adaptive antenna, but it is also preferably provided that the or at least one adaptive antenna is set up in advance in a location-specific manner for reception essentially from at least one direction which corresponds to a valid transmission direction of the opposite station.
- the adaptive antenna is also set up (arranged and controlled) for the reception area at the respective radio station in such a way that only certain reception directions are possible from the outset, but other reception directions are masked out, since no valid signals can be received from these directions or angular ranges , but at most interference signals.
- the adaptive antenna is also set up (arranged and controlled) for the reception area at the respective radio station in such a way that only certain reception directions are possible from the outset, but other reception directions are masked out, since no valid signals can be received from these directions or angular ranges , but at most interference signals.
- the antenna weights of the adaptive antenna (s) for setting up the valid transmission and reception directions are based on information that is taken from a double-directional measurement, a beam shaping unit of the adaptive antenna ( n) are supplied. In this way, by determining the antenna weights on the basis of corresponding measurements, the adaptive antenna can be reliably set up without requiring special local knowledge.
- the adaptive antenna can be set up here simply in that the antenna weights of the adaptive antenna (s) for setting up the valid transmission or reception directions based on information that is taken from a morphological map, a beam shaping unit of the adaptive antenna (n) are fed.
- the valid transmission and reception directions are determined both according to azimuth and elevation. In many cases, especially in the case of flat terrain, it is easier and sufficient if the valid send and receive directions are only determined according to azimuth.
- antenna weights are selected in accordance with the desired valid transmission or reception directions and are fed to the beam shaping unit of the adaptive antenna (s) and accordingly fixed, previously calculated angular ranges be painted over.
- the measurement of dominant directions of incidence and transmission is carried out with a test mobile station with several antennas, whereas on a base station or base station as the opposite station adaptive antenna is permanently installed. If there are several transmission directions which lead to actual connections with a remote station, it suffices to restrict the transmission (and reception) to one or a few of the possible directions in total, and it is accordingly advantageous if transmission is only carried out in those directions, that correspond to the most powerful paths.
- FIG. 1 shows the structure of an adaptive antenna in a block diagram
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a base station with such an adaptive antenna in a partially built-up area, with selected transmission angle ranges and a mobile station as the opposite station;
- FIG. 3 shows schematically in a building floor plan an arrangement with two radio stations and several possible radio connections between them within a building;
- FIG. 4 schematically shows the establishment of radio connections between a fixed station and a mobile station formed by a portable computer, a so-called laptop computer;
- Fig. 5 examples in corresponding partial figures, how in the case of an adaptive antenna by changing the distance between the antenna elements and the phase shift of the feed currents to these antenna elements, the directional diagram of the entire antenna (group antenna) can be changed.
- a beam shaping unit 6 retrieves this antenna weight data from the memory 5 and feeds it to the individual antenna elements 2-1, ... 2- i, ... 2-n of the antenna group 2.
- the beam shaping unit 6 can also take on the function of optimizing suitable parameters, not just the directional diagram of the antenna group 2, e.g. Minimize the noise level or the signal-to-noise power level.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of an arrangement of such an adaptive antenna 1 with an antenna group 2 on the base station.
- tion BS of a public mobile radio network in connection with a mobile station MS certain sectors - in the area of buildings 7 to 13 - being spared transmission power (see the hatched areas), since in these sectors no actual radio connection is established, with the Mobile station MS is only received from actual reception directions, for example R1, although the omnidirectional antenna 14 of the mobile station MS per se could receive from all directions.
- This recess in the angular ranges corresponding to the hatched sectors or, to put it another way, the output of signals by the antenna group 2 only in the two free angular ranges or directions is determined in advance by appropriate means of the adaptive antenna 1 based on the location-specific conditions, as can be seen, for example, from FIG. 2 , namely by inputting corresponding location information via the input unit 3 shown in FIG. 1, whereby the processor 4 determines the required antenna weights in the usual and not to be explained here manner.
- FIG. 3 furthermore exemplarily and schematically illustrates the establishment of a radio connection between two radio stations, such as so-called DECT devices, in a building 15, the floor plan of which is shown.
- only one actual (valid) propagation path T1-R1 leads from the sending direction T1 to the receiving direction R1, from T2 to R2, from via one or more reflections (scattering) that only depend on the geometry of the room T3 to R3 and from T4 to R4.
- the exemplary measured directions Rn and Tn are given in the table below in angular degrees [°], the transit time ⁇ of the corresponding electromagnetic waves in nanoseconds.
- corresponding transmission directions are to be provided on the adaptive antenna 1 of the transmission station TX, i.e. the adaptive antenna 1 of the transmitter TX is to be set up in accordance with the conditions in the building 15 shown for transmission only in the directions or angular ranges T1-T4 - by specifying appropriate antenna weights - and in a corresponding manner on the side of the receiver RX the adaptive antenna 1 can do this Receiver RX can be set up to receive only from the directions or angular ranges R1-R4, whereas the other directions or angular ranges can be omitted. The same procedure must of course be followed if station RX acts as a transmitter and station TX acts as a receiver.
- Fig. 4 shows an example of a MIMO connection between a mobile station MS, such as a laptop computer 16 with an antenna group 2 on the back of its cover 17, and a base station AP ("Access Point"), also with an antenna group 2, wherein two valid paths 18, 19 connect the two radio stations MS, AB, on the one hand directly (path 18) and on the other hand indirectly via a spreader SC (path 19).
- a mobile station MS such as a laptop computer 16 with an antenna group 2 on the back of its cover 17, and a base station AP ("Access Point")
- an antenna group 2 wherein two valid paths 18, 19 connect the two radio stations MS, AB, on the one hand directly (path 18) and on the other hand indirectly via a spreader SC (path 19).
- FIG. 5 nine partial images show an example of how a massive change in the group directional diagram can be achieved in a conventional manner by simply varying the distance d or the phase shift ⁇ of the feed currents between (in this case) only three ominidirectional antenna elements of an antenna group or how wide sectors can be kept free of transmission power. This can be used in the present method for pre-setting the group antennas or adaptive antennas.
- the information for determining the antenna weights for establishing desired transmission or reception directions is preferably obtained either by a previous double-direction-dependent measurement, or it can be obtained by persons with knowledge of the propagation of electromagnetic waves, e.g. in urban areas can be taken from databases (city maps).
- a covariance atrix for determining the directional information contained in the received signal does not have to be calculated.
- the method is particularly effective in urban areas, where previously the establishment of public mobile radio networks only took place due to a very vague knowledge of wave propagation.
- the base station BS as shown in FIG. 2, supplies the area to the right of the rows 7 to 13 of the building, transmission power only needs to be transmitted into the angular ranges that arise between the buildings 8 and 9 or between the buildings 10 and 11 (eg transmission direction T1 between buildings 10, 11). Power that is sent in other directions will not reach a receiver on the right of building series 7 to 13 or will only reach it very weakly. If the height of the building is known, an experienced specialist can take the valid directions from the city map.
- the desired or undesired angular ranges can be changed in a very simple manner in a wide range even with a few antenna elements 2-i by varying the element spacing d and the phase 6 of the antenna element currents;
- the antenna elements 2-i can be arranged and fed for transmission in such a way that pronounced lobes are placed in the desired directions in the group directional diagram. If this method is used consistently, for example in a public mobile radio network at the base stations BS, the overall interference level in the network is significantly reduced. With a given minimum signal-to-noise ratio, either more subscribers than before, but with the same number of base stations, can be supplied, or the transmission quality of the mobile radio services can be significantly improved because the general interference level is now reduced.
- the measurement of the directions of incidence and transmission at base stations only has to be carried out when the system is started up for the first time or when the environment changes. This statement applies not only to radio connections inside buildings, but also in public areas. The number of these directions limited by the environment, including the relative performances that correspond to them, make the process so attractive. If the environment is characterized by strong differences in the propagation conditions, an evaluation of the importance of the possible send and receive directions for different positions of the mobile remote station is recommended.
- the saving on expensive transmission power also comes into play at the mobile stations if they are equipped with more than one antenna.
- the mobile stations then no longer broadcast anywhere, but only in those directions that are actually received by the base station.
- the invention relates primarily to the azimuth dimension, which assumes a one-dimensional (linear) antenna group as an adaptive antenna. In urban areas with narrow streets and tall buildings, there are also directions of incidence that occur at high elevation angles. If areal (two-dimensional) antenna groups 2 (cf. FIG. 4, mobile station MS) are now used at the stations, the dimension of the elevation can also be advantageously covered. In addition, a virtual antenna group can also be used for a preparatory measurement, for example by moving a linear group or a single antenna.
- MIMO systems are favorable for the preparatory measurement of the prevailing mobile radio channel.
- MIMO systems are characterized by several antennas on both sides of the radio link and promise a tremendous increase in the data rate that can be transmitted via radio channels, so that they represent an interesting application of the present invention.
- the increase in the transferable data rate depends on a sufficient number of statistically independent transmission paths. Determining this number and their relative strength is one of the goals of the previous measurement, ie determining which MIMO channel is present.
- Another characteristic of the present invention is the possibility of temporal adaptation (adaptation) to the respective channel situation, so that the lowest possible transmission power, the lowest possible interference power (or the highest possible transmission rate in MIMO systems) is used.
- ad hoc networks Two or more computers automatically use a radio transmission standard such as HIPERLAN or IEEE 802.11 to provide remote stations for high-speed data exchange. If the computers are equipped with several antennas, a MIMO situation results (see Fig. 4). Because of the limited energy that mobile computers can carry with them, a power-saving radiation of transmission power is very important.
- a preparatory double-direction-dependent measurement and evaluation of the send and receive directions can be carried out. The measurement and evaluation of the channel situation can be accomplished with the computer's abundant computing power.
- the data transmission takes place in so-called non-licensed frequency bands, which means that in principle anyone can transmit there, subject to certain minimum rules. Therefore situations of high interference can easily occur.
- the proposed method offers two advantages here: On the one hand, it facilitates the search for "free”, that is, if possible undisturbed channels, on the other hand, it reduces the overall interference power in a frequency band and at the location in question.
- Another application is for data transmission, which should be secured against unauthorized eavesdropping.
- the probability of eavesdropping is generally reduced, if not excluded. In any case, directions can be hidden that do not lead to valid reception directions, but would increase the risk of eavesdropping.
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ATA1018/01 | 2001-07-02 | ||
AT10182001 | 2001-07-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2003005604A1 true WO2003005604A1 (de) | 2003-01-16 |
WO2003005604A8 WO2003005604A8 (de) | 2004-01-15 |
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PCT/AT2002/000192 WO2003005604A1 (de) | 2001-07-02 | 2002-07-02 | Verfahren zum aufbau wenigstens einer funkstrecke zwischen funkstationen |
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000035116A2 (de) * | 1998-12-10 | 2000-06-15 | HEINRICH-HERTZ-INSTITUT FüR NACHRICHTENTECHNIK BERLIN GMBH | Verfahren und anordnung zur erzeugung vorgegebener richtcharakteristiken |
WO2000038452A1 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-06-29 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method and arrangement for transferring data or voice via radio between two nodes in a mobile radio system |
-
2002
- 2002-07-02 WO PCT/AT2002/000192 patent/WO2003005604A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000035116A2 (de) * | 1998-12-10 | 2000-06-15 | HEINRICH-HERTZ-INSTITUT FüR NACHRICHTENTECHNIK BERLIN GMBH | Verfahren und anordnung zur erzeugung vorgegebener richtcharakteristiken |
WO2000038452A1 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-06-29 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method and arrangement for transferring data or voice via radio between two nodes in a mobile radio system |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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GODARA L C: "APPLICATIONS OF ANTENNA ARRAYS TO MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS, PART I: PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT, FEASIBILITY, AND SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS", PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, IEEE. NEW YORK, US, vol. 85, no. 7, 1 July 1997 (1997-07-01), pages 1031 - 1060, XP000735330, ISSN: 0018-9219 * |
STEINBAUER M ET AL: "ARRAY MEASUREMENT OF THE DOUBLE-DIRECTIONAL MOBILE RADIO CHANNEL", VTC 2000-SPRING. 2000 IEEE 51ST. VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. TOKYO, JAPAN, MAY 15-18, 2000, IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLGY CONFERENCE, NEW YORK, NY: IEEE, US, vol. 3 OF 3. CONF. 51, 15 May 2000 (2000-05-15), pages 1656 - 1662, XP000968286, ISBN: 0-7803-5719-1 * |
WON CHEOL LEE ET AL: "Efficient interference suppression using a constrained beamformer for mobile communication", IEEE ISSSTA. IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, XX, XX, vol. 1, 1996, pages 282 - 286, XP002137358 * |
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