WO2003002919A1 - Chauffe-eau electrique - Google Patents

Chauffe-eau electrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003002919A1
WO2003002919A1 PCT/EP2002/007082 EP0207082W WO03002919A1 WO 2003002919 A1 WO2003002919 A1 WO 2003002919A1 EP 0207082 W EP0207082 W EP 0207082W WO 03002919 A1 WO03002919 A1 WO 03002919A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
water heater
hot water
heater according
functional components
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2002/007082
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Helminger
Original Assignee
BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7689387&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2003002919(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH filed Critical BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH
Priority to EP02751078A priority Critical patent/EP1405014B1/fr
Priority to PL364487A priority patent/PL204440B1/pl
Publication of WO2003002919A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003002919A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/02—Casings; Cover lids; Ornamental panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric hot water heater according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a water heater is known from the German utility model GM 6607855, in which a continuous-flow heater is described with an internally electrically heated channel body, which is covered by two head pieces to form a closed water channel, one head piece having devices for wall suspension.
  • the installation of this instantaneous water heater disadvantageously requires that the entire channel body must be installed first before the hot water heater can be further assembled.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a hot water heater of the type mentioned, which is inexpensive and easy to manufacture and has a compact design.
  • the hot water heater can be, for example, a small storage tank and in particular a water heater.
  • All functional components are preferably mounted on one container part, but it is also sufficient if at least the essential functional components of the hot water heater are mounted on one of the container parts.
  • the essential functional components are, for example, the heating device, an inflow device, an outflow device, a controller, a flow switch, display elements.
  • the assembly container part to which all or at least the essential functional components of the hot water heater are mounted, can thus remain the central component during the entire manufacturing process, to which all other, usually smaller components are attached.
  • the arrangement of the heating device in the container can be determined.
  • the heating device can be arranged within the container such that the heated sections of the heating device cannot come into contact with the container wall, so that a heating device with a high power density can be used.
  • the container can be made from a non-temperature-resistant, inexpensive material such as plastic, since a safe distance from the heater to the wall can be ensured.
  • the heater can be, for example, a tubular heater. The manufacturing costs and the size of the water heater can be reduced in this way.
  • the container advantageously has fastening devices for mounting the hot water heater, wherein the fastening devices can also be designed exclusively on a container part.
  • these can be devices for wall mounting the hot water heater, such as holes for the passage of screws or bolts.
  • a container part can also be designed as a housing section of the hot water heater.
  • the rear wall of the hot water heater can be formed by a container part, wherein the container can be constructed from two container parts.
  • the container part can have flat extensions which form at least parts of the housing.
  • a container part serving as the rear wall of the hot water heater has the devices for mounting the hot water heater.
  • the container and in particular a container part alone can furthermore have devices for fastening a device hood, so that a hood can be assembled with very little effort can be.
  • This device can be a snap connection.
  • the appliance hood can form the front wall of the hot water heater. If a container part is designed as a housing section such as the rear wall and additionally has the devices for fastening a hood, all that is required to complete the housing of the hot water heater after mounting all the functional components on the container is to put the hood on and snap it into place.
  • the assembly can be further simplified in that at least one container part, on which functional parts are mounted, is designed in two-component plastic injection molding.
  • seals for the functional components which protrude into the container or are connected to the interior of the container can already be formed at the correct locations during the manufacture of the container part in question, so that no additional work step is required to insert seals.
  • An elastomer can be used as a component for this.
  • these seals can be provided for a heating device projecting into the container or for a safety pressure valve connected to the container.
  • membranes for example for controlling switching functions, by molding a cavity or at least one depression in a container part and then a membrane extending over this depression from an elastic component.
  • the container can advantageously have an annular interior.
  • the water to be heated can be passed through the container in such a way that it flows through the container in a single direction.
  • the water can be guided along a distance along the heating device which essentially corresponds to the circumference of the annular container interior.
  • the water can be guided along the heater over a long distance.
  • the annular or toroidal container can have an inflow device for water, which is arranged in such a way that in the operating state of the hot water heater, the water flows through the container essentially against gravity. This ensures that the water rises from the bottom to the top of the tank and any air bubbles introduced with the water are conveyed upwards against the force of gravity. This has the advantage that no air bubbles are retained in the container.
  • the container preferably has a drainage device for water, which is arranged such that in the operating state of the hot water heater, air bubbles rising against the force of gravity can be driven out of the container by the water.
  • a drainage device for water which is arranged such that in the operating state of the hot water heater, air bubbles rising against the force of gravity can be driven out of the container by the water.
  • a branch is provided, by means of which the water flowing in via an inflow device can be divided into two partial flows, for flowing through a container in two different directions.
  • Each partial flow occurs at a low initial temperature and in particular only runs through half a length of the heating device. This results in a better heat yield, ie the efficiency is improved because there is a high temperature difference between the entering water and the heating device in both partial flows at the water inlet. With such a high temperature gradient, the heat transfer from the heating device to the water is improved.
  • both partial flows can be heated separately. For this purpose, each of the two partial flows can be provided with its own heating device.
  • the functional components can be arranged on a surface of the container part which is surrounded by the annular interior of the container. This has the advantage that the inner area surrounded by the ring-shaped or toroidal container section can be used in a space-saving manner for accommodating functional components. This results in a particularly compact design of the hot water heater.
  • a membrane can or a Venturi nozzle can be arranged particularly advantageously such that the annular container interior extends around the membrane can or Venturi nozzle, so that these functional components are arranged in a space that does not contribute to the interior of the container anyway ,
  • a membrane can or a Venturi nozzle can be designed in a hot water heater according to the invention by designing a recess in each of two different container parts and, for example, arranging the membrane between them, which is held between the two container parts and closes the two recesses, so that the two Depressions form two pressure spaces separated from each other by means of the membrane.
  • the depression can be provided in only one of the two container parts and the other container part can be flat.
  • Such a membrane can be used in particular in connection with a Venturi nozzle to record the flow rate in a water heater. The flow rate can be taken into account when setting the heating output.
  • a pressure relief valve can be arranged on that part of the container which is free of the essential functional components. This has the particular advantage that water that escapes after the pressure relief valve has been triggered can be kept away from the functional components. Since the functional components can also include electrical components, it makes sense if they do not come into contact with water.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the hot water heater according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • Hot water heater; 3 shows a perspective view of the embodiment according to FIG. 2.
  • the hot water heater shown in Fig. 1 is a continuous-flow heater and has a container for heating the water, which consists of two container parts 1, 2, which are made of plastic, for example, and can be welded or glued for connection to one another, for example.
  • a container for heating the water which consists of two container parts 1, 2, which are made of plastic, for example, and can be welded or glued for connection to one another, for example.
  • an electric heating device 4 in the form of a tubular heater is arranged, which is held in the upper half of the container 2 and is designed to be self-supporting, so that the exact position of the heating device 4 within the container 1, 2 and the heating device are fixed 4 can not touch the container parts 1, 2.
  • the heating device 4 has two heating circuits which can be acted upon or switched separately with current in order to be able to change the power supplied to the water.
  • the two container parts 1, 2 enclose an annular interior 3, in which the water to be heated is circulated in one direction, the hot water heater having inflow and outflow devices, not shown.
  • the sections of the heating device 4 which extend through the upper container part 2 are sealed off from the upper container part 2 by means of seals 5, the upper container part 2 being carried out in two-component plastic injection molding and the seals 5 being produced of the upper container part 2 have been formed in the bushings for the heating device 4.
  • To assemble the heating device 4 it only has to be inserted into the upper container part 2 from below.
  • a grounding and holding clamp 15 is fastened to a section of the heating device 4 lying outside the container 1, 2, by means of which the heating device 4 can be connected to earth and can be attached in a heat-conducting manner to the power semiconductors which may be used to control the power supply to the heating device 4.
  • the heating power is also partly controlled as a function of the water flow, the water flow being measured by means of a membrane socket 7 which is connected to the interior 3 of the container via a channel 10.
  • the inside of the membrane box 7 has a membrane 8 which divides the interior of the membrane box 7 into an upper and a lower cavity, of which the lower cavity is connected via the channel 10 to the interior 3 of the container 1, 2.
  • the membrane box 7 is arranged in the center of the annular interior 3.
  • the two cavities of the membrane box 7 are formed by depressions in the two container parts 1, 2, which come to lie one above the other when the two container parts 1, 2 are joined and thus form the interior of the membrane box 7.
  • the membrane 8 is arranged between the two container parts 1, 2 before being joined, so that the membrane 8 is held between them after the container parts 1, 2 have been joined and the two depressions of the container parts 1, 2 are covered and sealed.
  • the membrane 8 is biased downward into the lower cavity by a compression spring 9 arranged in the upper cavity.
  • a compression spring 9 arranged in the upper cavity.
  • the Venturi nozzle is connected to the space above the membrane 8, so that the pressure drop at the Venturi nozzle causes the membrane 8 to deflect upward.
  • a switching cam 11 is fastened to the top of the membrane 8 via a push rod, which cam is shifted vertically in accordance with the pressure difference between the lower and the upper cavity of the membrane box 7.
  • the switching cam 11 has two side buttons that act on microswitches 12, 13.
  • the two buttons of the switching cam 11 are in each case ramps, so that the switching cam 11 widens downward and the buttons run outward when the switching cam 11 moves upward.
  • the two microswitches 12, 13 can switch the two heating circuits separately.
  • a rotary knob 14 can be used to set whether no, one or both heating circuits of the heating device 4 are switched on when water is removed by means of the membrane 8.
  • the lower container part 1 also forms the rear wall of the hot water heater.
  • the lower container part 1 has a flat extension at the edge which, together with the section of the container part 1 delimiting the container interior 3, essentially forms a surface with which the hot water heater can be mounted, for example, on a wall.
  • the lower container part 1 has holes 18 or breakthrough possibilities which serve to fasten the lower container part 1 or the entire hot water heater.
  • the water heater can be attached with screws that are screwed into the wall through the holes 18.
  • the lower container part 1 has snap fastenings 17 with which a hood 6 can be fastened.
  • the hood 6 can cover the container 1, 2 together with the functional components and together with the lower container part 1 form a housing of the hot water heater.
  • the hood 6 has a recess for the rotary knob 14, so that the hood 6 can subsequently be attached to the lower container part 1 without the rotary knob 14 having to be removed beforehand.
  • To assemble the hot water heater it is first attached to the installation site without the hood 6 using the rear wall or the lower container part 1 and the fastening devices or holes 18 provided therefor, and the hood 6 is then snapped onto the lower container part 1.
  • a pressure relief valve 16 is additionally formed on the upper container part 2 and is set up in such a way that when an internal pressure exceeds a certain limit pressure pressure in the interior 3 of the container 1, 2 opens and excess pressure can escape from the interior 3.
  • the hot water heater shown in Fig. 2 is a water heater, which consists of two container parts 1, 2.
  • the first container part 1 (not shown) is designed as a flat circular disk.
  • the second container part 2 has a recess 25 which forms an annular interior for heating water.
  • the heating device 4 is arranged in the form of two tubular heating elements 4a and 4b. Depending on the heating output, either only one tubular heating element 4a or both tubular heating elements 4a and 4b are in operation.
  • the hot water heater has a connecting flange 26 to which a water pipe, not shown, can be connected.
  • the connecting flange 26 is molded directly onto the container part 2, which is preferably made of plastic.
  • a venturi nozzle 24 is provided downstream of the connecting flange 26 in the flow direction of the water.
  • a first branch duct 27, which is connected to a membrane socket 7, is arranged in the inlet region of the Venturi nozzle 24.
  • the first branch duct 27 enters the upper space of the membrane box 7.
  • a membrane 8, not shown, divides the interior of the membrane box 7 into an upper and a lower space.
  • a second branch duct 28 is arranged at the outlet of the Venturi nozzle 24 and is connected to the membrane socket 7.
  • the second branch duct 28 enters the lower space of the membrane box 7. Due to the pressure difference generated in the upper and lower space of the membrane box 7, the membrane 8 is moved.
  • the membrane 8 is connected to at least one electrical switch (not shown), which switches the power supply to the heating device 4.
  • the water emerging from the outlet of the Venturi nozzle 24 reaches an inflow device 19 via a deflection channel 29.
  • the deflection channel 29, together with the Venturi nozzle 24, is molded directly onto the container part 2.
  • the deflection channel 29 (partially shown in broken lines) extends to the inflow device 19 and is delimited by the two container parts 1, 2.
  • the inflow device 19 is formed as a depression in the container part 2 and forms a branch through which the water is divided into two partial flows.
  • the annular recess 25, which forms the interior of the container 1, 2, is flowed through in two different directions. In the As shown, the water flows counterclockwise in the right side arm of the annular container and clockwise in the left side arm.
  • annular or toroidal container 1, 2 is fastened to a substantially vertical wall like a clock, it is particularly advantageous if this is done heating water from below, that is from an approx. 6 o'clock position, introduced into the annular or toroidal container 1, 2 (inflow device 19) and the outflow device 20 is provided at the top of the container, that is to say in an approx. 12 o'clock position ,
  • a suitable arrangement is given, in particular, if the drainage device 20 is provided at a point as high as possible, at least at a point that lies above the heating device 4.
  • the container part 2 is designed as a one-piece plastic injection molded part. It carries the essential functional components.
  • the interior of the container is formed by the recess 25 in the container part 2.
  • the interior is closed by a circular disk-shaped container part 1 (not shown).
  • the membrane can 7, the Venturi nozzle 24 and an outlet 30 for the heated water are formed by integrally formed further depressions.
  • a first fastening dome 31 for a power triac (not shown) and a second fastening dome 32 for a thermal sensor (not shown) are molded onto the container part 2.
  • the mounting holes 18 for mounting the water heater on a wall are not formed on the container part 1, but on the container part 2.
  • a holding element 33 is molded onto the container part 2, to which a water inlet pipe (not shown) can be attached.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un chauffe-eau électrique, notamment un chauffe-eau instantané, dans lequel l'eau est chauffée dans un contenant constitué d'au moins deux parties (1, 2). Ce chauffe-eau électrique présente d'autres éléments fonctionnels qui servent à le commander, en particulier un dispositif de chauffage électrique (4), une unité de commande, des commutateurs (12, 13), actionnés au moyen d'une pression et servant à détecter un prélèvement d'eau, ainsi qu'une soupape de surpression (16). Afin de simplifier l'assemblage, ces éléments fonctionnels sont fixés sur une partie de contenant (2). Ainsi, la plupart des opérations de montage peuvent être réalisées sur une partie de contenant (2), sur laquelle sont fixées les autres pièces. De manière avantageuse, une partie de contenant (1) forme en outre une section d'un boîtier du chauffe-eau, par exemple la paroi arrière. La partie de contenant (1) peut en outre comporter des unités de fixation (17) servant à fixer un capot d'appareil (6).
PCT/EP2002/007082 2001-06-26 2002-06-26 Chauffe-eau electrique WO2003002919A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02751078A EP1405014B1 (fr) 2001-06-26 2002-06-26 Chauffe-eau electrique
PL364487A PL204440B1 (pl) 2001-06-26 2002-06-26 Elektryczny podgrzewacz wody

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10130610.5 2001-06-26
DE10130610A DE10130610A1 (de) 2001-06-26 2001-06-26 Elektrisch beheizter Heißwasserbereiter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003002919A1 true WO2003002919A1 (fr) 2003-01-09

Family

ID=7689387

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2002/007082 WO2003002919A1 (fr) 2001-06-26 2002-06-26 Chauffe-eau electrique

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1405014B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100416173C (fr)
AT (1) ATE488736T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10130610A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2354255T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL204440B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2003137579A (fr)
WO (1) WO2003002919A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2390143A (en) * 2002-06-24 2003-12-31 Aqualisa Products Ltd Instantaneous water heater housing
EP1608915B1 (fr) * 2003-03-21 2011-05-25 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Chauffe-eau
EP1731850B2 (fr) † 2005-06-10 2016-08-17 Bleckmann GmbH & Co. KG Chaudière en matière plastique sans bride
EP3093576A1 (fr) * 2015-05-11 2016-11-16 Teylor Intelligent Processes SL Chauffe instantanée en plastique
WO2021027232A1 (fr) * 2019-08-09 2021-02-18 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 Ensemble boîtier de chauffe-eau, et chauffe-eau

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10312730A1 (de) * 2003-03-21 2004-09-30 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Durchlauferhitzer
DE10312729B4 (de) * 2003-03-21 2013-08-01 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Warmwasserbereiter
DE10312727A1 (de) * 2003-03-21 2004-09-30 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Warmwasserbereiter
DE10312724B4 (de) 2003-03-21 2011-02-24 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Durchlauferhitzer
DE102017100019A1 (de) * 2017-01-02 2018-07-05 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Hochvolt-Flüssigkeitsheizer

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB872784A (en) * 1957-09-09 1961-07-12 Fritz Walter Electric flow heater
GB1162049A (en) * 1966-07-13 1969-08-20 Mario Ferreira Jorge Improvements in Electric Water Heaters
DE6607855U (de) 1965-07-20 1971-04-29 Licentia Gmbh Elektrisch beheizter durchlauferhitzer.
GB2193563A (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-02-10 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Liquid heater

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191115302A (en) * 1911-06-30 1911-10-12 Hjalmar Loefquist Improvements in Electric Water Heating Devices.
DE9208090U1 (fr) * 1992-06-13 1992-10-01 Gerdes Ohg, 2120 Lueneburg, De
DE19510345A1 (de) * 1995-03-22 1996-09-26 Neubeck Elektrogeraete Gmbh Durchlauferhitzer
CN2298495Y (zh) * 1997-01-22 1998-11-25 张知广 多功能二源节能热水器
CN1292482A (zh) * 1999-09-24 2001-04-25 路英梅 一种安全电热型热水器

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB872784A (en) * 1957-09-09 1961-07-12 Fritz Walter Electric flow heater
DE6607855U (de) 1965-07-20 1971-04-29 Licentia Gmbh Elektrisch beheizter durchlauferhitzer.
GB1162049A (en) * 1966-07-13 1969-08-20 Mario Ferreira Jorge Improvements in Electric Water Heaters
GB2193563A (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-02-10 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Liquid heater

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2390143A (en) * 2002-06-24 2003-12-31 Aqualisa Products Ltd Instantaneous water heater housing
GB2390143B (en) * 2002-06-24 2005-10-26 Aqualisa Products Ltd Instantaneous water heater
EP1608915B1 (fr) * 2003-03-21 2011-05-25 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Chauffe-eau
EP1731850B2 (fr) † 2005-06-10 2016-08-17 Bleckmann GmbH & Co. KG Chaudière en matière plastique sans bride
EP3093576A1 (fr) * 2015-05-11 2016-11-16 Teylor Intelligent Processes SL Chauffe instantanée en plastique
WO2021027232A1 (fr) * 2019-08-09 2021-02-18 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 Ensemble boîtier de chauffe-eau, et chauffe-eau

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1600707A1 (fr) 2005-11-30
DE50214781D1 (de) 2010-12-30
ATE488736T1 (de) 2010-12-15
PL204440B1 (pl) 2010-01-29
RU2003137579A (ru) 2005-05-27
CN1520505A (zh) 2004-08-11
DE10130610A1 (de) 2003-01-09
EP1600707B1 (fr) 2010-11-17
CN100416173C (zh) 2008-09-03
EP1405014A1 (fr) 2004-04-07
EP1405014B1 (fr) 2012-11-21
ES2354255T3 (es) 2011-03-11
PL364487A1 (en) 2004-12-13

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