WO2002096584A1 - Ingot head for continuous casting of slab with adjustable width and casting method using same - Google Patents

Ingot head for continuous casting of slab with adjustable width and casting method using same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002096584A1
WO2002096584A1 PCT/FR2002/001696 FR0201696W WO02096584A1 WO 2002096584 A1 WO2002096584 A1 WO 2002096584A1 FR 0201696 W FR0201696 W FR 0201696W WO 02096584 A1 WO02096584 A1 WO 02096584A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
walls
small
small wall
casting
ingot mold
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Application number
PCT/FR2002/001696
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hervé Morand
Cosimo Salaris
Jérôme TABARIN
Jean-Marc Jolivet
Jacques Barbe
Original Assignee
Usinor
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Publication of WO2002096584A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002096584A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/168—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for adjusting the mould size or mould taper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/0401—Moulds provided with a feed head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/05—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds into moulds having adjustable walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ingot mold for continuous slab casting with adjustable width.
  • an ingot mold for continuous casting in particular for the continuous casting of steel slabs, has energetically cooled walls delimiting a casting space, of rectangular section, into which the liquid steel is poured, which solidifies on contact with these walls and is continuously extracted downwards in the form of the product at least partially solidified, here a slab, of section corresponding to that of the mold.
  • an ingot mold For slab casting, having an elongated rectangular section, for example 1500 mm wide by 200 mm thick, an ingot mold is therefore used having walls of width corresponding to the desired dimensions.
  • the widest walls, of dimension corresponding to the width of the poured slab, are commonly called “large walls” or “large faces”, and the other walls, of width corresponding to the thickness of the slab, are called “small walls ”or“ small faces ”.
  • the small faces are located and clamped between the large faces at the lateral ends of the latter.
  • the large faces then consist of walls having a width sufficient to meet the casting needs of slabs of the greatest width admitted by the casting machine, but of which only part of the surface is used when casting slabs of smaller width.
  • the small walls are gradually dragged substantially horizontally between the large walls, after having slightly loosened them to reduce friction, but so as to nevertheless maintain the required seal between all the walls while modifying the spacing between said small walls, to finally gradually modify the width of the cast slab.
  • each small wall is achieved by means of two cylinders with substantially horizontal axes mounted between the chassis of the mold and the small wall, one located towards the top of the mold and the other towards the bottom.
  • connection points of the horizontal cylinders on the small wall are necessarily located at a distance behind the inner surface of the small wall, that is to say of its surface which is in contact with the liquid metal, it can produce, during variations in the inclination of the small wall, a vertical displacement of said inner surface, resulting from the pivoting of this surface around a geometric axis offset laterally with respect to this surface.
  • ingot molds particularly intended for the casting technique commonly called charge casting.
  • the cooled walls of the mold are surmounted by extensions of refractory material, the internal surface of which is in line with the internal surface of the cooled walls.
  • solidification does not start until it comes into contact with the cooled walls. That is to say that the formation of the first solidified skin is initiated just at the upper edge of the cooled wall.
  • it is therefore imperative that solidification begins at the same level around the entire periphery of the mold, which leads to having to permanently maintain the same level of the upper edges of all the walls.
  • the present invention aims to solve this problem, and therefore aims to allow the combination of the two aforementioned techniques of loaded casting and adjustable width casting on, and therefore, a fortiori, also adjustable at 1 stop.
  • the invention relates to a mold for continuous casting of slab with adjustable width, comprising two small walls sandwiched between two large walls, all the walls being cooled and the interior surfaces of the walls defining the casting space. molten metal, and the small walls which can be moved substantially horizontally to modify the width of the poured slab without interrupting the pouring.
  • the ingot mold is characterized in that, in order to carry out a laden casting, the large walls and the small walls are surmounted by elements of refractory material extension, and in that the ingot mold comprises measuring means of the vertical position, that is to say of the altitude, of the small walls, of means for adjusting the height of said small walls, and of control means for automatically controlling said adjustment means as a function of the inclination of the small walls and of the signals supplied by the measuring means, so as to keep at the same level, after or during the displacement of the small walls, the upper edges of the interior surfaces of all the cooled walls.
  • the measurement means comprise a sensor for the vertical position of the small wall, located at a distance from the internal surface of said small wall
  • the ingot mold includes calculation means for determining according to the signal supplied by the sensor and by function of the inclination of the small wall, which can either be predetermined or measured during the movement of the small wall, an exact position of the upper edge of the inner surface of the said small wall, and regulating means for adjusting the level of said upper edge on the level of upper edges of large walls.
  • the inclination of the small wall can in particular be measured from data supplied by position sensors of the horizontal displacement members.
  • said height adjustment means comprise for each small wall a jack mounted between the small wall and the chassis of the mold.
  • the ingot mold comprises for each small wall at least one substantially horizontal displacement cylinder, a movable part of which is linked to the small wall in the horizontal direction, and said height adjustment means comprise an adjustment cylinder, the body is integral with the movable part of the horizontal displacement cylinder and whose rod is connected to the small wall in the vertical direction.
  • the small wall is supported on a harness mounted on the end of the movable part of the actuator displacement by a connecting shaft with a horizontal axis and comprising a vertical flat, allowing a variation in height of the harness relative to said movable part, the rod of the adjustment jack being in support under said harness.
  • the adjustment cylinder is a viscous fluid cylinder whose thrust chamber is connected by a connection conduit to an electro-hydraulic actuator controlled by a computer to which the measuring means are connected.
  • a support of the adjustment cylinder, fixed on the movable part of the displacement cylinder, comprises presetting means comprising a movable piston and manually adjustable in position in a chamber connected to the connection conduit.
  • the rod of the adjustment cylinder is returned downwards by elastic return means.
  • the measuring means are carried by a slide guided precisely on the frame of the mold and movable horizontally.
  • the invention also relates to a continuous casting process under load using an ingot mold as defined above, characterized in that, to change the format of the cast product without interrupting the casting, the large walls are loosened to reduce the pressure that they exert on the edges of the small walls while ensuring a tight contact between them, the displacement of small walls is controlled according to the desired width variation of the cast slab, by simultaneously adapting the inclination of said small walls, a position is measured vertical of each small wall and their inclination, the corresponding position of the upper edge of the inner surface of each small wall is calculated therefrom, the position of each small wall is adjusted by means of adjustment in vertical position so as to adjust the upper edges of the interior surfaces of all the cooled walls, tighten the large walls, and continue casting.
  • the height of the small wall is adjusted at the end of the horizontal movement.
  • the level of the liquid metal is lowered below the upper edge of the cooled walls before starting the movement of the small walls, so that, during this movement, the surface of liquid metal is at the level of the cooled walls, as in of a conventional casting operation, so as not to have the beginning of solidification just at the upper edge of the walls, then the level of liquid metal is raised to the level of the risers after the height adjustment of the small walls and the tightening of large walls.
  • the adjustment means can be controlled by the results of the calculation of the level of the upper edge of the inner surface of the small wall, so as to keep said upper edge at the level of the upper edge of large walls, permanently during displacement of the small walls.
  • the format can be changed while remaining under load casting conditions, the surface of the liquid metal remaining at the level of the risers, provided that the loosening of the large walls does not induce infiltration of liquid metal between the different parts of the riser.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the general principle of an ingot mold according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a small wall of the mold, and associated means for its horizontal displacement, for measuring its position vertical and for its height adjustment,
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of detail A in Figure 2, showing in more detail the constitution of the height adjustment means
  • - Figure 4 is a sectional view along line IV-IV of Figure 3 .
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents one of the lateral ends of an ingot mold comprising two large cooled walls 11, and two small cooled walls 12 facing each other in pairs.
  • the large and small walls are surmounted by refractory risers, respectively 13 and 14, which are linked to the walls cooled in a manner known per se for the molds for continuous casting under load.
  • refractory risers respectively 13 and 14
  • the upper edges of the interior surfaces of the cooled walls, respectively 15, 16, are located in the same horizontal plane.
  • the small walls 12 are clamped between the large walls 11 by clamping means not shown.
  • the small wall is connected to two jacks 21, 22 for horizontal movement, the bodies of which are linked to the frame of the casting installation, and the rods are mounted articulated on the small wall.
  • a third cylinder 23 having a substantially vertical orientation supports the small wall, and makes it possible to adjust its height.
  • Means 30 for measuring the vertical position of the small wall 12 include a sensor 31 located opposite a mark 32 secured to the small wall.
  • the sensor supplies a measurement signal to calculation means 33 which control the jack 23 via regulation means 34.
  • the installation also includes means 35, 36 for measuring the horizontal position of each of the two jacks 21.22 horizontal, these means can in particular be integrated into said cylinders.
  • These means measurement also connected to the computer 33 make it possible to determine not only the transverse position of the small walls, but also the inclination of these.
  • the horizontal movement of the small wall 12 is controlled by the jacks 21 and 22.
  • the sensor 31 makes it possible to measure a position in height of the small wall, but directly above the sensor and not precisely at the edge upper 16 of the small wall.
  • the inclination of the small wall has been deliberately exaggerated in order to better visualize a problem solved by the invention. Indeed, for obvious technological reasons, the sensor 31 cannot be located precisely at the level of said edge 16, and it is practically necessarily offset towards the outside of the ingot mold relative to the internal surface 12a of the small wall. .
  • the inclination of the small wall is variable as a function of its horizontal position.
  • the computer 33 makes it possible to determine from the altitude of the reference 32 and the inclination of the small wall, determined from the measurements of the sensors 35 and 36, the precise position of the edge 16, and it can thus control the regulating means 34 and the adjusting cylinder 23, ie at the end of the displacement of the small wall, the latter being positioned according to the inclination desired according to its position between the large walls, or permanently during the movement.
  • a small wall 12 comprising a copper plate 121 carried by a support plate 122 serving as a water chamber and ensuring the circulation of cooling water along the copper plate, of which the face 12a is in contact with the cast metal.
  • the small wall 12 is surmounted by an extension made of refractory material 14, which extends upwards the surface 12a, beyond the upper edge 16 of the copper plate 121.
  • the entire small wall is supported vertically and positioned horizontally by two actuator systems 41, 42.
  • Each actuator has a body 43 rigidly fixed to a frame, not shown, also supporting the large walls of the mold, and a piston 44 guided precisely in the body by means of rings 45.
  • the jacks are largely dimensioned to support without deformation the weight of the small wall and of the accessories which will be described later.
  • the horizontal displacement of the rod 44 is controlled by a screw-nut system 46, the screw of which is itself rotated by a geared motor 47.
  • the outer end of the cylinder rod upper 41 carries a yoke 51 of which the two branches 51a, 51b, visible in FIG. 4, are crossed by a shouldered shaft 52 which is guided in rotation in bearings 54 integral with the yoke 51 and which comprises in a axially median part a flat part 53
  • a fifth wheel 61 is mounted between the branches 51a, 51b of the yoke 51 and has an oblong hole 62 whose two elongated faces are guided vertically on the faces of the flat part 53 of the shaft 52.
  • the small wall has towards its edge upper a support plate 123 which is formed in one piece with the support plate 122 and which rests on the harness 61 on which it is rigidly positioned by a pin 124 engaged in a mortise of the harness.
  • the plate 123 is also fixed to the harness by a key bolt 63 or any other equivalent fixing means.
  • a height adjustment assembly 70 is fixed on the yoke 51 to control the vertical movement of the fifth wheel 61.
  • This assembly includes a body 71 fixed under the arms of the yoke 51 by bolts 72.
  • a cylinder 73 in which a rod 74 is vertically sliding mounted on the upper end of which rests the harness 61 by a cylindrical or spherical support 75 accepting small angular deflections of the harness due to variations in inclination of the small wall.
  • the rod 74 passes through the cylinder body 71 and opens downward, and it furthermore comprises an axial bore 76 traversed by a tie rod 77 the upper end of which is rigidly fixed on the fifth wheel and the lower end of which comprises a lock nut. stop 79 pulled down by a set of conical washers 78 or any other elastic return means, supported under the actuator body 71. These return means therefore tend to pull the harness down, against one of the fluid pressure applied under the cylinder piston linked to rod 74.
  • the adjustment assembly in the vertical position makes it possible to ensure a displacement of the precisely vertical small wall, by sliding of the harness 61 on the flat part 53 of the shouldered shaft 53. Furthermore, the variations in inclination of the small wall are authorized thanks to the possible pivoting of said stepped shaft 53 in the bearings 54 of the legs of the yoke 51.
  • the adjustment assembly in the vertical position also includes a presetting actuator, constituted for example by a simple piston with screw 81 manually movable in a fluid chamber 83 connected by a conduit 84 to the chamber 73 of the height adjustment cylinder.
  • the adjustment assembly in the vertical position also comprises a fine adjustment actuator 90, constituted for example by an electric geared motor actuating a piston 91 of small section and long stroke sliding in a bore 92 also connected to the chamber 73 of the adjustment cylinder through a conduit 93.
  • a fine adjustment actuator 90 constituted for example by an electric geared motor actuating a piston 91 of small section and long stroke sliding in a bore 92 also connected to the chamber 73 of the adjustment cylinder through a conduit 93.
  • the fluid used in the hydraulic circuits of the actuators and height adjustment cylinder is preferably grease, ensuring better stability over time of keeping the small wall in position.
  • the outer end of the lower horizontal cylinder rod 42 also carries a yoke 55 between the branches of which a lug 125 is inserted which is integral with the support plate 122 of the small wall.
  • the tab 125 has a groove 126 which engages on a flat axis 56 mounted journalling in the two branches of the yoke 55.
  • the lower cylinder can ensure the horizontal movement of the bottom of the small wall, while accepting its vertical movements by sliding the axis 56 in the groove 126, and its variations in inclination by rotation of the axis relative to the yoke 55.
  • the means for measuring the altitude of the small wall include a sensor 101, for example of the capacitive type, mounted on the end of a slide 102 sliding horizontally and without play in a slide 103 linked to the frame of the mold.
  • the sensor 101 is positioned opposite a reference 104 fixed on an internal wall of a chamber 105 formed in the support palate 123 and into which the end of the slide 102 penetrates, thus ensuring protection of the sensor.
  • it will be sought to place the reference 104 as close as possible to the upper edge of the copper plate 121, in order to minimize as much as possible the differences between the measured altitude and the actual altitude of said edge.
  • the measurement of the height position of the small wall could also be carried out at any point of the said small wall, further from the upper edge of the face of the copper wall, insofar as it remains possible to 'deduce therefrom by calculation, as a function of this measurement and of the inclination of the wall, the real altitude of said upper edge, that is to say of the inner upper edge of the small wall.
  • the slide can be brought back into its slide to protect the sensor.
  • the slider will be driven in horizontal translation by connecting means, not shown, ensuring with the yoke 51 a connection in horizontal translation and without exerting any force vertically so as not to risk influencing the measurement by even a slight deflection of the slide.
  • the computer In operation, to carry out a format change while keeping the liquid metal at the level of the risers, the computer permanently determines the exact altitude of the edge 16 from the measurements of the sensors 101 and 35, 36, and controls the regulator 34 which will itself drive the gearmotor of the actuator 90, and consequently act with great precision on the height adjustment jack, due in particular to the small cross section of the piston 91, to precisely maintain the edge 16 at the level desired, despite possible changes in the inclination of the small wall.
  • the small wall in fact pivots around the geometric axis A of the shaft 52.
  • the ingot mold described is particularly intended for pouring under load and with variable width on the fly, it can also be used to carry out conventional castings, without the use of refractory risers, The measurement and actuation means used allowing then to have a more precise knowledge of the effective taper of the ingot mold, thanks to a better knowledge of the vertical position of the small walls.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns an ingot head comprising two small walls (12) enclosed between two large walls (11), all the walls being cooled, and the small walls being horizontally mobile to modify the width of the cast slab without interrupting casting. To produce a casting of charge, the large walls (11) and the small walls (12) are topped with refractory preheater elements (13, 14), and the ingot head comprises means (31) for measuring the vertical position of the small walls, means (23) for adjusting the height of said small walls, and control means (33, 34) for automatically controlling said adjusting means based on signals supplied by the measuring means, so as to maintain at the same level, after or during the displacement of the small walls, the upper edges (16) of the inner surfaces of all the cooled walls.

Description

Lingotière de coulée continue de brame à largeur réglable, et procédé de coulée utilisant la dite lingotière. Continuous casting slab mold with adjustable width, and casting method using said mold.
La présente invention concerne une lingotière de coulée continue de brame à largeur réglable.The present invention relates to an ingot mold for continuous slab casting with adjustable width.
On rappelle que une lingotière de coulée continue, notamment pour la coulée continue de brames en acier, comporte des parois énergiquement refroidies délimitant un espace de coulée, de section rectangulaire, dans lequel est déversé l'acier liquide, qui se solidifie au contact de ces parois et est extrait en continu vers le bas sous la forme du produit au moins partiellement solidifié, ici une brame, de section correspondant à celle de la lingotière.It will be recalled that an ingot mold for continuous casting, in particular for the continuous casting of steel slabs, has energetically cooled walls delimiting a casting space, of rectangular section, into which the liquid steel is poured, which solidifies on contact with these walls and is continuously extracted downwards in the form of the product at least partially solidified, here a slab, of section corresponding to that of the mold.
Pour la coulée de brames, ayant une section rectangulaire allongée, par exemple de 1500 mm de large pour 200 mm d'épaisseur, on utilise donc une lingotière ayant des parois de largeur correspondant aux dimensions souhaitées. Les parois les plus larges, de dimension correspondant à la largeur de la brame coulée, sont couramment appelées « grandes parois » ou « grandes faces », et les autres parois, de largeur correspondant à l'épaisseur de la brame, sont appelées « petites parois » ou « petites faces ».For slab casting, having an elongated rectangular section, for example 1500 mm wide by 200 mm thick, an ingot mold is therefore used having walls of width corresponding to the desired dimensions. The widest walls, of dimension corresponding to the width of the poured slab, are commonly called "large walls" or "large faces", and the other walls, of width corresponding to the thickness of the slab, are called "small walls ”or“ small faces ”.
On connaît déjà des lingotières de coulée continue d'acier dont la largeur peut être modifiée en cours de coulée, pour changer le format, c'est à dire les dimensions de la section rectangulaire du produit coulé, sans interrompre la coulée.Already known ingot molds for continuous steel casting, the width of which can be modified during casting, to change the format, that is to say the dimensions of the rectangular section of the cast product, without interrupting the casting.
Dans les lingotières de ce type, les petites faces sont situées et enserrées entre les grandes faces au niveau des extrémités latérales de ces dernières . Les grandes faces sont alors constituées de parois ayant une largeur suffisante pour satisfaire aux besoins de coulée des brames de la plus grande largeur admise par la machine de coulée, mais dont une partie seulement de la surface est utilisée lorsqu'on coule des brames de moindre largeur.In molds of this type, the small faces are located and clamped between the large faces at the lateral ends of the latter. The large faces then consist of walls having a width sufficient to meet the casting needs of slabs of the greatest width admitted by the casting machine, but of which only part of the surface is used when casting slabs of smaller width.
Pour changer de format, on fait glisser progressivement les petites parois sensiblement horizontalement entre les grandes parois, après avoir légèrement desserré celles-ci pour réduire le frottement, mais de manière à cependant conserver l'étanchéité requise entre toutes les parois tout en modifiant l'écartement entre les dites petites parois, pour finalement modifier progressivement la largeur de la brame coulée.To change the format, the small walls are gradually dragged substantially horizontally between the large walls, after having slightly loosened them to reduce friction, but so as to nevertheless maintain the required seal between all the walls while modifying the spacing between said small walls, to finally gradually modify the width of the cast slab.
Dans les lingotières connues, le déplacement de chaque petite paroi est réalisé au moyen de deux vérins d'axes sensiblement horizontaux montés entre le châssis de la lingotière et la petite paroi, l'un situé vers le haut de la lingotière et l'autre vers le bas.In known molds, the displacement of each small wall is achieved by means of two cylinders with substantially horizontal axes mounted between the chassis of the mold and the small wall, one located towards the top of the mold and the other towards the bottom.
Lors des déplacements des petites parois, il est nécessaire de pouvoir modifier leur inclinaison pour l'adapter au format désiré. En effet, on sait que les parois de la lingotière qui se font face ne sont pas exactement parallèles mais présentent une inclinaison, par rapport à la direction générale de coulée, qui les rapproche vers le bas de la lingotière. Ceci permet de conserver le contact entre la peau solidifiée du produit coulé et les parois refroidies de la lingotière, en tenant compte du retrait du métal coulé lors de son refroidissement au contact des dites parois. Cette inclinaison est couramment appelée conicité. Comme on le comprendra aisément, en cas de changement de format, donc de largeur de la brame, le retrait de solidification, en valeur absolue, varie en fonction de la largeur. Il s'ensuit donc que l'inclinaison des petites parois doit pouvoir être également modifiée simultanément avec leurs déplacements horizontaux. Ceci est classiquement réalisé en jouant sur les courses respectives des deux vérins horizontaux de déplacement de la petite paroi .When moving the small walls, it is necessary to be able to modify their inclination to adapt it to the desired format. Indeed, it is known that the walls of the mold which face each other are not exactly parallel but have an inclination, relative to the general direction of casting, which brings them down towards the mold. This keeps contact between the solidified skin of the cast product and the cooled walls of the mold, taking into account the shrinkage of the cast metal during its cooling in contact with said walls. This inclination is commonly called taper. As will be readily understood, in the event of a change in format, and therefore in width of the slab, the withdrawal of solidification, in absolute value, varies as a function of the width. It therefore follows that the inclination of the small walls must also be able to be modified simultaneously with their horizontal movements. This is conventionally achieved by playing on the respective strokes of the two horizontal cylinders for moving the small wall.
Lors de ces déplacements, l'altitude des petites parois peut légèrement fluctuer. De plus, comme les points de liaison des vérins horizontaux sur la petite paroi sont nécessairement situés à distance en arrière de la surface intérieure de la petite paroi, c'est à dire de sa surface qui est au contact du métal liquide, il peut se produire, lors des variations d'inclinaison de la petite paroi, un déplacement vertical de la dite surface intérieure, résultant du pivotement de cette surface autour d'un axe géométrique décalé latéralement par rapport à cette surface.During these movements, the altitude of the small walls may fluctuate slightly. In addition, since the connection points of the horizontal cylinders on the small wall are necessarily located at a distance behind the inner surface of the small wall, that is to say of its surface which is in contact with the liquid metal, it can produce, during variations in the inclination of the small wall, a vertical displacement of said inner surface, resulting from the pivoting of this surface around a geometric axis offset laterally with respect to this surface.
Dans les lingotières connues, de telles variations de hauteur entre les grandes et les petites parois ne sont pas préjudiciables. Comme le niveau de métal liquide en lingotière est situé à au moins plusieurs centimètres en dessous du bord supérieur des parois, un petit décalage éventuel en altitude entre les bords des petites et des grandes parois ne perturbe pas les conditions de formation du film solidifié. Et par ailleurs un même petit décalage des bords inférieurs sera sans incidence sensible sur la solidification de la brame en sortie de lingotière. On s'accommode donc classiquement de ces décalages et de leurs variations éventuelles lors d'un changement de format .In known molds, such variations in height between the large and the small walls are not detrimental. As the level of liquid metal in the ingot mold is located at least several centimeters below the upper edge of the walls, any small offset in altitude between the edges of the small and large walls does not disturb the conditions of formation of the solidified film. And moreover, the same small offset of the lower edges will have no appreciable effect on the solidification of the slab at the outlet of the mold. We therefore conventionally accommodate these offsets and their possible variations during a format change.
Par ailleurs, il existe aussi d'autres types de lingotières, particulièrement destinées à la technique de coulée communément appelée coulée en charge. Selon cette technique, les parois refroidies de la lingotière sont surmontées de rehausses en matériau réfractaire, dont la surface interne est dans le prolongement de la surface interne des parois refroidies. En régime continu, la surface du métal liquide est maintenue au niveau des dites rehausses, mais la solidification ne s'amorce qu'au contact des parois refroidies. C'est à dire que la formation de la première peau solidifiée est initiée juste au niveau de l'arête supérieure de la paroi refroidie. Dans l'utilisation de cette technique, il est donc impératif que la solidification s'amorce au même niveau sur tout le pourtour de la lingotière, ce qui conduit à devoir assurer en permanence le maintien au même niveau des bords supérieurs de toutes les parois .Furthermore, there are also other types of ingot molds, particularly intended for the casting technique commonly called charge casting. According to this technique, the cooled walls of the mold are surmounted by extensions of refractory material, the internal surface of which is in line with the internal surface of the cooled walls. In continuous regime, the surface of the liquid metal is maintained at the level of said elevations, but solidification does not start until it comes into contact with the cooled walls. That is to say that the formation of the first solidified skin is initiated just at the upper edge of the cooled wall. In the use of this technique, it is therefore imperative that solidification begins at the same level around the entire periphery of the mold, which leads to having to permanently maintain the same level of the upper edges of all the walls.
Il n'est donc pas possible actuellement d'utiliser la technique de coulée en charge avec une lingotière à largeur variable en cours de coulée.It is therefore not currently possible to use the loaded casting technique with a mold with variable width during casting.
La présente invention a pour but de résoudre ce problème, et vise donc à permettre la combinaison des deux techniques précitées de coulée en charge et de coulée à largeur réglable en marche, et donc, a fortiori, à réglage également à 1 ' arrêt .The present invention aims to solve this problem, and therefore aims to allow the combination of the two aforementioned techniques of loaded casting and adjustable width casting on, and therefore, a fortiori, also adjustable at 1 stop.
Avec ces objectifs en vue, l'invention a pour objet une lingotière de coulée continue de brame à largeur réglable, comportant deux petites parois enserrées entre deux grandes parois, toutes les parois étant refroidies et les surfaces intérieures des parois définissant l'espace de coulée du métal en fusion, et les petites parois pouvant être déplacées sensiblement horizontalement pour modifier la largeur de la brame coulée sans interrompre la coulée. Selon l'invention la lingotière est caractérisée en ce que, en vue de réaliser une coulée en charge, les grandes parois et les petites parois sont surmontées d'éléments de rehausse en matériau réfractaire, et en ce que la lingotière comporte des moyens de mesure de la position verticale, c'est à dire de l'altitude, des petites parois, des moyens de réglage en hauteur des dites petites parois, et des moyens de commande pour commander de manière automatique les dits moyens de réglage en fonction de l'inclinaison des petites parois et des signaux fournis par les moyens de mesure, de manière à conserver au même niveau, après ou au cours du déplacement des petites parois, les bords supérieurs des surfaces intérieures de toutes les parois refroidies .With these objectives in view, the invention relates to a mold for continuous casting of slab with adjustable width, comprising two small walls sandwiched between two large walls, all the walls being cooled and the interior surfaces of the walls defining the casting space. molten metal, and the small walls which can be moved substantially horizontally to modify the width of the poured slab without interrupting the pouring. According to the invention, the ingot mold is characterized in that, in order to carry out a laden casting, the large walls and the small walls are surmounted by elements of refractory material extension, and in that the ingot mold comprises measuring means of the vertical position, that is to say of the altitude, of the small walls, of means for adjusting the height of said small walls, and of control means for automatically controlling said adjustment means as a function of the inclination of the small walls and of the signals supplied by the measuring means, so as to keep at the same level, after or during the displacement of the small walls, the upper edges of the interior surfaces of all the cooled walls.
On peut ainsi grâce à l'invention profiter des possibilités offertes par le changement de format en cours de coulée, même dans le cas d'une coulée en charge. Préférentiellement, les moyens de mesures comportent un capteur de position verticale de la petite paroi, situé à distance de la surface interne de la dite petite paroi, et la lingotière comporte des moyens de calcul pour déterminer en fonction du signal fourni par le capteur et en fonction de l'inclinaison de la petite paroi, qui peut être soit prédéterminée soit mesurée au cours du déplacement de la petite paroi, une position exacte du bord supérieur de la surface intérieure de la dite petite paroi, et des moyens de régulation pour ajuster le niveau du dit bord supérieur sur le niveau des bords supérieurs des grandes parois. L'inclinaison de la petite paroi peut notamment être mesurée à partir de données fournies par des capteurs de position des organes de déplacement horizontal.Thanks to the invention, it is therefore possible to take advantage of the possibilities offered by the change of format during casting, even in the case of laden casting. Preferably, the measurement means comprise a sensor for the vertical position of the small wall, located at a distance from the internal surface of said small wall, and the ingot mold includes calculation means for determining according to the signal supplied by the sensor and by function of the inclination of the small wall, which can either be predetermined or measured during the movement of the small wall, an exact position of the upper edge of the inner surface of the said small wall, and regulating means for adjusting the level of said upper edge on the level of upper edges of large walls. The inclination of the small wall can in particular be measured from data supplied by position sensors of the horizontal displacement members.
Selon une disposition particulière, les dit moyens de réglage en hauteur comportent pour chaque petite paroi un vérin monté entre la petite paroi et le châssis de la lingotière. Selon une autre disposition préférentielle, la lingotière comporte pour chaque petite paroi au moins un vérin de déplacement sensiblement horizontal dont une partie mobile est liée à la petite paroi selon la direction horizontale, et les dit moyens de réglage en hauteur comportent un vérin de réglage dont le corps est solidaire de la partie mobile du vérin de déplacement horizontal et dont la tige est reliée à la petite paroi selon la direction verticale.According to a particular arrangement, said height adjustment means comprise for each small wall a jack mounted between the small wall and the chassis of the mold. According to another preferred arrangement, the ingot mold comprises for each small wall at least one substantially horizontal displacement cylinder, a movable part of which is linked to the small wall in the horizontal direction, and said height adjustment means comprise an adjustment cylinder, the body is integral with the movable part of the horizontal displacement cylinder and whose rod is connected to the small wall in the vertical direction.
Selon d'autres dispositions particulières : - la petite paroi est soutenue sur une sellette montée sur l'extrémité de la partie mobile du vérin de déplacement par un arbre de liaison d'axe horizontal et comportant un méplat vertical, autorisant une variation de hauteur de la sellette par rapport à la dite partie mobile, la tige du vérin de réglage étant en appui sous la dite sellette. le vérin de réglage est un vérin à fluide visqueux dont la chambre de poussée est reliée par un conduit de raccordement à un actionneur électrohydraulique piloté par un calculateur auquel les moyens de mesure sont connectés .According to other specific provisions: - the small wall is supported on a harness mounted on the end of the movable part of the actuator displacement by a connecting shaft with a horizontal axis and comprising a vertical flat, allowing a variation in height of the harness relative to said movable part, the rod of the adjustment jack being in support under said harness. the adjustment cylinder is a viscous fluid cylinder whose thrust chamber is connected by a connection conduit to an electro-hydraulic actuator controlled by a computer to which the measuring means are connected.
- un support du vérin de réglage, fixé sur la partie mobile du vérin de déplacement, comporte des moyens de préréglage comportant un piston mobile et réglable manuellement en position dans une chambre reliée au conduit de raccordement.- A support of the adjustment cylinder, fixed on the movable part of the displacement cylinder, comprises presetting means comprising a movable piston and manually adjustable in position in a chamber connected to the connection conduit.
- la tige du vérin de réglage est rappelée vers le bas par des moyens de rappel élastique. les moyens de mesure sont portés par un coulisseau guidé précisément sur le bâti de la lingotière et mobile horizontalement.- The rod of the adjustment cylinder is returned downwards by elastic return means. the measuring means are carried by a slide guided precisely on the frame of the mold and movable horizontally.
L'invention a aussi pour objet un procédé de coulée continue en charge utilisant une lingotière telle que définie précédemment, caractérisé en ce que, pour changer le format du produit coulé sans interrompre la coulée, on desserre les grandes parois pour réduite la pression qu'elles exercent sur les bords des petites parois tout en assurant entre elles un contact étanche, on commande le déplacement de petites parois selon la variation de largeur souhaitée de la brame coulée, en adaptant simultanément l'inclinaison des dites petites parois, on mesure une position verticale de chaque petite paroi et leur inclinaison, on en déduit par calcul la position correspondante du bord supérieur de la surface intérieure de chaque petite paroi, on ajuste, par des moyens de réglage en position verticale, la position de chaque petite paroi de manière à ajuster au même niveau les bords supérieurs des surfaces intérieures de toutes les parois refroidies, on resserre les grandes parois, et on poursuit la coulée.The invention also relates to a continuous casting process under load using an ingot mold as defined above, characterized in that, to change the format of the cast product without interrupting the casting, the large walls are loosened to reduce the pressure that they exert on the edges of the small walls while ensuring a tight contact between them, the displacement of small walls is controlled according to the desired width variation of the cast slab, by simultaneously adapting the inclination of said small walls, a position is measured vertical of each small wall and their inclination, the corresponding position of the upper edge of the inner surface of each small wall is calculated therefrom, the position of each small wall is adjusted by means of adjustment in vertical position so as to adjust the upper edges of the interior surfaces of all the cooled walls, tighten the large walls, and continue casting.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation, on ajuste la hauteur de la petite paroi à la fin du déplacement horizontal. Dans ce cas, on abaisse le niveau du métal liquide en dessous du bord supérieur des parois refroidies avant de commencer le déplacement des petites parois, de manière que, pendant ce déplacement, la surface de métal liquide soit au niveau des parois refroidies, comme lors d'une opération de coulée classique, pour ne pas avoir de début de solidification juste au niveau de l'arête supérieure des parois, puis on fait remonter le niveau de métal liquide au niveau des rehausses après le réglage en hauteur des petites parois et le resserrage des grandes parois .According to a first embodiment, the height of the small wall is adjusted at the end of the horizontal movement. In this case, the level of the liquid metal is lowered below the upper edge of the cooled walls before starting the movement of the small walls, so that, during this movement, the surface of liquid metal is at the level of the cooled walls, as in of a conventional casting operation, so as not to have the beginning of solidification just at the upper edge of the walls, then the level of liquid metal is raised to the level of the risers after the height adjustment of the small walls and the tightening of large walls.
Selon une variante, on peut asservir les moyens de réglage aux résultats du calcul du niveau du bord supérieur de la surface intérieure de la petite paroi, de manière à conserver le dit bord supérieur au niveau du bord supérieur des grandes parois, en permanence au cours du déplacement des petites parois. Dans ce cas, on peut changer de format tout en restant en conditions de coulée en charge, la surface du métal liquide restant au niveau des rehausses, à condition de s'assurer que le desserrage des grandes parois n'induit pas d'infiltration de métal liquide entre les différentes parties de rehausse.Alternatively, the adjustment means can be controlled by the results of the calculation of the level of the upper edge of the inner surface of the small wall, so as to keep said upper edge at the level of the upper edge of large walls, permanently during displacement of the small walls. In this case, the format can be changed while remaining under load casting conditions, the surface of the liquid metal remaining at the level of the risers, provided that the loosening of the large walls does not induce infiltration of liquid metal between the different parts of the riser.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront dans la description qui va être faite d'une lingotière conforme à l'invention.Other characteristics and advantages will appear in the description which will be given of an ingot mold according to the invention.
On se reportera aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :Reference is made to the appended drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique illustrant le principe général d'une lingotière conforme à l'invention- Figure 1 is a schematic view illustrating the general principle of an ingot mold according to the invention
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe d'une petite paroi de la lingotière, et des moyens associés pour son déplacement horizontal, pour la mesure de sa position verticale et pour son réglage en hauteur,- Figure 2 is a sectional view of a small wall of the mold, and associated means for its horizontal displacement, for measuring its position vertical and for its height adjustment,
- la figure 3 est une vue à échelle agrandie du détail A de la figure 2, montrant plus en détail la constitution des moyens de réglage en hauteur, - la figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne IV-IV de la figure 3.- Figure 3 is an enlarged view of detail A in Figure 2, showing in more detail the constitution of the height adjustment means, - Figure 4 is a sectional view along line IV-IV of Figure 3 .
Le dessin de la figure 1 représente schématiquement une des extrémités latérales d'une lingotière comportant deux grandes parois refroidies 11, et deux petites parois refroidies 12 se faisant face deux à deux. Les grandes et les petites parois sont surmontées de rehausses réfractaires, respectivement 13 et 14, qui sont liées aux parois refroidies de manière connue en soi pour les lingotières de coulée continue en charge. Pour plus de détail sur ces liaisons, on pourra se reporter au document FR-A-2 764 533. Les bords supérieurs des surfaces intérieures des parois refroidies, respectivement 15, 16, sont situées dans un même plan horizontal. Les petites parois 12 sont serrées entre les grandes parois 11 par des moyens de serrage non représentés .The drawing of FIG. 1 schematically represents one of the lateral ends of an ingot mold comprising two large cooled walls 11, and two small cooled walls 12 facing each other in pairs. The large and small walls are surmounted by refractory risers, respectively 13 and 14, which are linked to the walls cooled in a manner known per se for the molds for continuous casting under load. For more details on these connections, reference may be made to document FR-A-2 764 533. The upper edges of the interior surfaces of the cooled walls, respectively 15, 16, are located in the same horizontal plane. The small walls 12 are clamped between the large walls 11 by clamping means not shown.
La petite paroi est reliée à deux vérins 21, 22 de déplacement horizontal dont les corps sont liés au bâti de l'installation de coulée, et les tiges sont montées articulées sur la petite paroi. Un troisième vérin 23 ayant une orientation sensiblement verticale soutien la petite paroi, et permet d'ajuster sa hauteur.The small wall is connected to two jacks 21, 22 for horizontal movement, the bodies of which are linked to the frame of the casting installation, and the rods are mounted articulated on the small wall. A third cylinder 23 having a substantially vertical orientation supports the small wall, and makes it possible to adjust its height.
Des moyens de mesure 30 de la position verticale de la petite paroi 12 comportent un capteur 31 situé face à un repère 32 solidaire de la petite paroi. Le capteur fourni un signal de mesure à des moyens de calcul 33 qui pilotent le vérin 23 par l'intermédiaire de moyens de régulation 34. L'installation comporte aussi, des moyens 35, 36 de mesure de la position horizontale de chacun des deux vérins 21,22 horizontaux, ces moyens pouvant notamment être intégrés dans les dits vérins. Ces moyens de mesure, également reliés au calculateur 33 permettent de déterminer non seulement la position transversale des petites parois, mais aussi l'inclinaison de celles-ci.Means 30 for measuring the vertical position of the small wall 12 include a sensor 31 located opposite a mark 32 secured to the small wall. The sensor supplies a measurement signal to calculation means 33 which control the jack 23 via regulation means 34. The installation also includes means 35, 36 for measuring the horizontal position of each of the two jacks 21.22 horizontal, these means can in particular be integrated into said cylinders. These means measurement, also connected to the computer 33 make it possible to determine not only the transverse position of the small walls, but also the inclination of these.
Ainsi, le déplacement horizontal de la petite paroi 12 est commandé par les vérins 21 et 22. Le capteur 31 permet de mesurer une position en hauteur de la petite paroi, mais à l'aplomb du capteur et non précisément au niveau de l'arête supérieure 16 de la petite paroi. Sur le dessin, l'inclinaison de la petite paroi a été volontairement exagérée pour mieux visualiser un problème résolu par l'invention. En effet, pour des raisons évidentes de technologie, le capteur 31 ne peut être situé précisément au niveau de la dite arête 16, et il est pratiquement nécessairement décalé vers l'extérieur de la lingotière par rapport à la surface intérieure 12a de la petite paroi. Par ailleurs, comme cela a déjà été indiqué précédemment, l'inclinaison de la petite paroi est variable en fonction de sa position horizontale. De cet écart horizontal entre la position du capteur et l'arête 16, et du fait de l'inclinaison variable de la paroi, il s'ensuit qu'il ne peut y avoir une relation directe entre l'altitude de l'arête et la valeur donnée par le capteur 31. On s'apercevra facilement au vu du schéma de la figurel, que la différence de niveau entre d'une part le repère 32 fixe sur la petite paroi et dont la position est mesurée par le capteur 31, et d'autre part l'arête 16 dont on veut contrôler la position verticale avec une grande précision, est variable en fonction de l'inclinaison de la petite paroi. Le calculateur 33 permet de déterminer à partir de l'altitude du repère 32 et de l'inclinaison de la petite paroi, déterminée à partir des mesures des capteurs 35 et 36, la position précise de l'arête 16, et il peut ainsi commander les moyens de régulation 34 et le vérin de réglage 23, soit en fin de déplacement de la petite paroi, celle ci étant positionnée selon l'inclinaison souhaitée en fonction de sa position entre les grandes parois, soit en permanence au cours du déplacement.Thus, the horizontal movement of the small wall 12 is controlled by the jacks 21 and 22. The sensor 31 makes it possible to measure a position in height of the small wall, but directly above the sensor and not precisely at the edge upper 16 of the small wall. In the drawing, the inclination of the small wall has been deliberately exaggerated in order to better visualize a problem solved by the invention. Indeed, for obvious technological reasons, the sensor 31 cannot be located precisely at the level of said edge 16, and it is practically necessarily offset towards the outside of the ingot mold relative to the internal surface 12a of the small wall. . Furthermore, as has already been indicated previously, the inclination of the small wall is variable as a function of its horizontal position. From this horizontal difference between the position of the sensor and the edge 16, and due to the variable inclination of the wall, it follows that there can be no direct relationship between the altitude of the edge and the value given by the sensor 31. It will be readily seen from the diagram of the figurel, that the difference in level between on the one hand the reference 32 fixed on the small wall and whose position is measured by the sensor 31, and on the other hand the edge 16 whose vertical position is to be controlled with great precision, is variable as a function of the inclination of the small wall. The computer 33 makes it possible to determine from the altitude of the reference 32 and the inclination of the small wall, determined from the measurements of the sensors 35 and 36, the precise position of the edge 16, and it can thus control the regulating means 34 and the adjusting cylinder 23, ie at the end of the displacement of the small wall, the latter being positioned according to the inclination desired according to its position between the large walls, or permanently during the movement.
Pour mieux se rendre compte de l'importance de la prise en compte de l'inclinaison de la petite paroi, il est précisé que le maximum accepté de décalage en hauteur entre les bords supérieurs de deux parois refroidies est actuellement de l'ordre de quelques dixièmes de millimètre seulement, ce qui nécessite donc une grande précision dans la détermination de l'altitude de l'arête 16.To better understand the importance of taking into account the inclination of the small wall, it is specified that the maximum accepted offset in height between the upper edges of two cooled walls is currently of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter only, which therefore requires great precision in determining the altitude of edge 16.
On va maintenant en relation avec les figures 2 à 5 décrire un exemple de réalisation particulier d'une lingotière conforme à l'invention.We will now relate to Figures 2 to 5 describe a particular embodiment of an ingot mold according to the invention.
Sur ces dessins, on a représenté de manière simplifiée une petite paroi 12 comportant une plaque en cuivre 121 portée par une plaque de support 122 servant de chambre à eau et assurant la circulation d'eau de refroidissement le long de la plaque en cuivre, dont la face 12a est en contact avec le métal coulé. La petite paroi 12 est surmontée d'une rehausse en matériau réfractaire 14, qui vient prolonger vers le haut la surface 12a, au-delà de l'arête supérieure 16 de la plaque en cuivre 121.In these drawings, there is shown in a simplified manner a small wall 12 comprising a copper plate 121 carried by a support plate 122 serving as a water chamber and ensuring the circulation of cooling water along the copper plate, of which the face 12a is in contact with the cast metal. The small wall 12 is surmounted by an extension made of refractory material 14, which extends upwards the surface 12a, beyond the upper edge 16 of the copper plate 121.
L'ensemble de la petite paroi est soutenu verticalement et positionné horizontalement par deux systèmes de vérin 41, 42. Chaque vérin comporte un corps 43 rigidement fixé sur un bâti, non représenté, supportant aussi les grandes parois de la lingotière, et un piston 44 guidé avec précision dans le corps au moyen de bagues 45. Les vérins sont largement dimensionnés pour supporter sans déformation le poids de la petite paroi et des accessoires qui seront décrits par la suite. Le déplacement horizontal de la tige 44 est commandé par un système vis-écrou 46 dont la vis est elle-même entraînée en rotation par un motoréducteur 47.The entire small wall is supported vertically and positioned horizontally by two actuator systems 41, 42. Each actuator has a body 43 rigidly fixed to a frame, not shown, also supporting the large walls of the mold, and a piston 44 guided precisely in the body by means of rings 45. The jacks are largely dimensioned to support without deformation the weight of the small wall and of the accessories which will be described later. The horizontal displacement of the rod 44 is controlled by a screw-nut system 46, the screw of which is itself rotated by a geared motor 47.
L'extrémité extérieure de la tige du vérin supérieur 41 porte une chape 51 dont les deux branches 51a, 51b, visibles figure 4, sont traversées par un arbre épaulé 52 qui est guidé en rotation dans des paliers 54 solidaire de la chape 51 et qui comporte dans une partie axialement médiane une partie méplate 53The outer end of the cylinder rod upper 41 carries a yoke 51 of which the two branches 51a, 51b, visible in FIG. 4, are crossed by a shouldered shaft 52 which is guided in rotation in bearings 54 integral with the yoke 51 and which comprises in a axially median part a flat part 53
Une sellette 61 est montée entre les branches 51a, 51b de la chape 51 et comporte un trou oblong 62 dont les deux faces allongées sont guidées verticalement sur les faces de la partie méplate 53 de l'arbre 52. La petite paroi comporte vers son bord supérieur une platine d'appui 123 qui est formée d'une pièce avec la plaque de support 122 et qui repose sur la sellette 61 sur laquelle elle est positionnée rigidement par un tenon 124 engagé dans une mortaise de la sellette. La platine 123 est par ailleurs fixée sur la sellette par un boulon à clavette 63 ou tout autre moyen de fixation équivalent.A fifth wheel 61 is mounted between the branches 51a, 51b of the yoke 51 and has an oblong hole 62 whose two elongated faces are guided vertically on the faces of the flat part 53 of the shaft 52. The small wall has towards its edge upper a support plate 123 which is formed in one piece with the support plate 122 and which rests on the harness 61 on which it is rigidly positioned by a pin 124 engaged in a mortise of the harness. The plate 123 is also fixed to the harness by a key bolt 63 or any other equivalent fixing means.
Un ensemble de réglage en hauteur 70 est fixé sur la chape 51 pour commander le déplacement vertical de la sellette 61. Cet ensemble comprend un corps 71 fixé sous les branches de la chape 51 par des boulons 72. Dans ce corps est ménagée une chambre de vérin 73 dans laquelle est monté coulissant verticalement une tige 74 sur l'extrémité supérieure de laquelle repose la sellette 61 par un appui 75 cylindrique ou sphérique acceptant les petits débattements angulaires de la sellette dus aux variations d'inclinaison de la petite paroi.A height adjustment assembly 70 is fixed on the yoke 51 to control the vertical movement of the fifth wheel 61. This assembly includes a body 71 fixed under the arms of the yoke 51 by bolts 72. In this body is provided a cylinder 73 in which a rod 74 is vertically sliding mounted on the upper end of which rests the harness 61 by a cylindrical or spherical support 75 accepting small angular deflections of the harness due to variations in inclination of the small wall.
La tige 74 traverse le corps de vérin 71 et débouche vers le bas, et elle comporte par ailleurs un alésage axial 76 traversé par un tirant 77 dont l'extrémité supérieure est fixée rigidement sur la sellette et dont l'extrémité inférieure comporte un écrou de butée 79 tiré vers le bas par un ensemble de rondelles coniques 78 ou tout autre moyen de rappel élastique, en appuis sous le corps de vérin 71. Ces moyens de rappel tendent donc à tirer la sellette vers le bas, à 1' encontre de la pression du fluide appliquée sous le piston du vérin lié à la tige 74.The rod 74 passes through the cylinder body 71 and opens downward, and it furthermore comprises an axial bore 76 traversed by a tie rod 77 the upper end of which is rigidly fixed on the fifth wheel and the lower end of which comprises a lock nut. stop 79 pulled down by a set of conical washers 78 or any other elastic return means, supported under the actuator body 71. These return means therefore tend to pull the harness down, against one of the fluid pressure applied under the cylinder piston linked to rod 74.
On notera que l'ensemble de réglage en position verticale permet d'assurer un déplacement de la petite paroi précisément vertical, par coulissement de la sellette 61 sur la partie méplate 53 de l'arbre épaulé 53. Par ailleurs, les variations d'inclinaison de la petite paroi sont autorisées grâce au pivotement possible du dit arbre épaulé 53 dans les paliers 54 des branches de la chape 51. L'ensemble de réglage en position verticale comporte par ailleurs un actionneur de préréglage, constitué par exemple par un simple piston à vis 81 déplaçable manuellement dans une chambre à fluide 83 reliée par un conduit 84 à la chambre 73 du vérin de réglage en hauteur.It will be noted that the adjustment assembly in the vertical position makes it possible to ensure a displacement of the precisely vertical small wall, by sliding of the harness 61 on the flat part 53 of the shouldered shaft 53. Furthermore, the variations in inclination of the small wall are authorized thanks to the possible pivoting of said stepped shaft 53 in the bearings 54 of the legs of the yoke 51. The adjustment assembly in the vertical position also includes a presetting actuator, constituted for example by a simple piston with screw 81 manually movable in a fluid chamber 83 connected by a conduit 84 to the chamber 73 of the height adjustment cylinder.
L'ensemble de réglage en position vertical comporte encore un actionneur de réglage fin 90, constitué par exemple par un motoréducteur électrique actionnant un piston 91 de faible section et de grande course coulissant dans un alésage 92 relié également à la chambre 73 du vérin de réglage par un conduit 93.The adjustment assembly in the vertical position also comprises a fine adjustment actuator 90, constituted for example by an electric geared motor actuating a piston 91 of small section and long stroke sliding in a bore 92 also connected to the chamber 73 of the adjustment cylinder through a conduit 93.
Le fluide utilisé dans les circuits hydrauliques des actionneurs et vérin de réglage en hauteur est préférentiellement de la graisse, assurant une meilleure stabilité dans le temps du maintien en position de la petite paroi.The fluid used in the hydraulic circuits of the actuators and height adjustment cylinder is preferably grease, ensuring better stability over time of keeping the small wall in position.
L'extrémité extérieure de la tige du vérin horizontal inférieur 42 porte aussi une chape 55 entre les branches de laquelle s'insère une patte 125 solidaire de la plaque support 122 de la petite paroi. La patte 125 comporte une rainure 126 qui s'engage sur un axe à méplat 56 monté tourillonnant dans les deux branches de la chape 55.The outer end of the lower horizontal cylinder rod 42 also carries a yoke 55 between the branches of which a lug 125 is inserted which is integral with the support plate 122 of the small wall. The tab 125 has a groove 126 which engages on a flat axis 56 mounted journalling in the two branches of the yoke 55.
Ainsi, le vérin inférieur peut assurer le déplacement horizontal du bas de la petite paroi, tout en acceptant ses déplacements verticaux par glissement de l'axe 56 dans la rainure 126, et ses variations d'inclinaison par rotation de l'axe par rapport à la chape 55.Thus, the lower cylinder can ensure the horizontal movement of the bottom of the small wall, while accepting its vertical movements by sliding the axis 56 in the groove 126, and its variations in inclination by rotation of the axis relative to the yoke 55.
Les moyens de mesure de l'altitude de la petite paroi comportent un capteur 101, par exemple de type capacitif, monté sur l'extrémité d'un coulisseau 102 coulissant horizontalement et sans jeu dans une glissière 103 liée au bâti de la lingotière. Le capteur 101 est positionné en face d'un repère 104 fixé sur une paroi interne d'une chambre 105 ménagée dans la palatine d'appui 123 et dans laquelle l'extrémité du coulisseau 102 pénètre, assurant ainsi une protection du capteur. Par ailleurs on cherchera à placer le repère 104 le plus proche possible de l'arête supérieure de la plaque en cuivre 121, pour minimiser autant que possible les écarts entre l'altitude mesurée et l'altitude réelle de la dite arête. On notera que la mesure de la position en hauteur de la petite paroi pourrait aussi être effectuée en un point quelconque de la dite petite paroi, plus éloigné du bord supérieur de la face de la paroi en cuivre, dans la mesure où il reste possible d'en déduire par calcul, en fonction de cette mesure et de l'inclinaison de la paroi, l'altitude réelle du dit bord supérieur, c'est à dire de l'arrête supérieure intérieure de la petite paroi. Lors des interventions sur la lingotière, le coulisseau pourra être amené en retrait dans sa glissière pour protéger le capteur. En fonctionnement, le coulisseau sera entraîné en translation horizontale par des moyens de liaison, non représentés, assurant avec la chape 51 une liaison en translation horizontale et sans exercer aucun effort verticalement pour ne pas risquer d'influencer la mesure par un fléchissement même minime du coulisseau.The means for measuring the altitude of the small wall include a sensor 101, for example of the capacitive type, mounted on the end of a slide 102 sliding horizontally and without play in a slide 103 linked to the frame of the mold. The sensor 101 is positioned opposite a reference 104 fixed on an internal wall of a chamber 105 formed in the support palate 123 and into which the end of the slide 102 penetrates, thus ensuring protection of the sensor. Furthermore, it will be sought to place the reference 104 as close as possible to the upper edge of the copper plate 121, in order to minimize as much as possible the differences between the measured altitude and the actual altitude of said edge. It will be noted that the measurement of the height position of the small wall could also be carried out at any point of the said small wall, further from the upper edge of the face of the copper wall, insofar as it remains possible to 'deduce therefrom by calculation, as a function of this measurement and of the inclination of the wall, the real altitude of said upper edge, that is to say of the inner upper edge of the small wall. During interventions on the mold, the slide can be brought back into its slide to protect the sensor. In operation, the slider will be driven in horizontal translation by connecting means, not shown, ensuring with the yoke 51 a connection in horizontal translation and without exerting any force vertically so as not to risk influencing the measurement by even a slight deflection of the slide.
Pour l'utilisation de la lingotière, on commence par prérégler la position verticale de chaque petite paroi pour que son arête 16 soit précisément au même niveau que les arêtes supérieures des autres parois. Pour cela on agit manuellement sur le piston à vis 81, soit vers le bas pour pousser la graisse sous le piston du vérin de réglage et faire monter la sellette et donc la petite paroi, soir vers le haut, pour laisser le dit piston du vérin de réglage repousser la graisse dans la chambre 83, sous l'effet des moyens de rappel élastique 78 qui tirent la sellette vers le bas.For the use of the ingot mold, we start by presetting the vertical position of each small wall so that its edge 16 is precisely at the same level than the top edges of the other walls. For this we act manually on the screw piston 81, either down to push the grease under the piston of the adjustment cylinder and raise the harness and therefore the small wall, evening upwards, to leave the said piston of the cylinder adjustment push the grease back into the chamber 83, under the effect of the elastic return means 78 which pull the harness down.
En fonctionnement, pour effectuer un changement de format en gardant le métal liquide au niveau des rehausses, le calculateur détermine en permanence l'altitude exacte de l'arête 16 à partir des mesures des capteurs 101 et 35, 36, et commande le régulateur 34 qui va lui-même piloter le motoréducteur de l'actionneur 90, et en conséquence agir avec une grande précision sur le vérin de réglage de hauteur, du fait notamment de la faible section du piston 91, pour maintenir précisément l'arête 16 au niveau désiré, malgré les éventuels modifications d'inclinaison de la petite paroi. Lors de telles variations la petite paroi pivote en fait autour de l'axe géométrique A de l'arbre 52. On pourra remarquer que 1 ' écart entre une variation d'altitude mesurée par le capteur et la variation réelle d'altitude de l'arête 16, résulte du fait que lors d'un changement d'inclinaison de la petite paroi, la dite arête 16 et le repère 104 dont la position est mesurée par le capteur 101, pivotent autour de l'axe A sur des arcs de cercle de rayons différents, ce qui conduit donc à des différences de variations d'altitude, ces différences étant elles-mêmes variable en fonction de l'inclinaison de la petite paroi. C'est pourquoi il est nécessaire de déterminer l'altitude de l'arête 16 par calcul comme indiqué précédemment, aucun moyen de mesure ne permettant d'effectuer une mesure directe de position de ladite arête en cours de coulée, d'autant plus lorsqu'elle est recouverte par le métal coulé en fusion. L'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation qui a été décrit ci-dessus uniquement à titre d'exemple. En particulier, les divers actionneurs et vérins pourront être remplacés par des actionneurs fonctionnellement équivalents. De même, les capteurs pourront aussi être modifiés et leur situation optimisée dans la mesure du possible.In operation, to carry out a format change while keeping the liquid metal at the level of the risers, the computer permanently determines the exact altitude of the edge 16 from the measurements of the sensors 101 and 35, 36, and controls the regulator 34 which will itself drive the gearmotor of the actuator 90, and consequently act with great precision on the height adjustment jack, due in particular to the small cross section of the piston 91, to precisely maintain the edge 16 at the level desired, despite possible changes in the inclination of the small wall. During such variations, the small wall in fact pivots around the geometric axis A of the shaft 52. It will be noted that the difference between an altitude variation measured by the sensor and the actual altitude variation of the edge 16, results from the fact that during a change of inclination of the small wall, said edge 16 and the reference 104 whose position is measured by the sensor 101, pivot around the axis A on arcs of a circle of different radii, which therefore leads to differences in altitude variations, these differences being themselves variable as a function of the inclination of the small wall. This is why it is necessary to determine the altitude of the edge 16 by calculation as indicated above, no measurement means making it possible to carry out a direct measurement of the position of said edge during casting, all the more so when 'it is covered by molten cast metal. The invention is not limited to the embodiment which has been described above solely by way of example. In particular, the various actuators and jacks may be replaced by functionally equivalent actuators. Likewise, the sensors can also be modified and their situation optimized as far as possible.
Enfin, bien que la lingotière décrite soit particulièrement destinée à la coulée en charge et à largeur variable en marche, on pourra aussi l'utiliser pour effectuer des coulées classiques, sans utilisation de rehausses réfractaires, Les moyens de mesure et d'actionnement utilisés permettant alors d'avoir une connaissance plus précise de la conicité effective de la lingotière, grâce à une meilleure connaissance de la position verticale des petites parois. Finally, although the ingot mold described is particularly intended for pouring under load and with variable width on the fly, it can also be used to carry out conventional castings, without the use of refractory risers, The measurement and actuation means used allowing then to have a more precise knowledge of the effective taper of the ingot mold, thanks to a better knowledge of the vertical position of the small walls.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Lingotière de coulée continue de brame à largeur réglable, comportant deux petites parois (12) enserrées entre deux grandes parois (11) , toutes les parois étant refroidies et les surfaces intérieures des parois définissant l'espace de coulée du métal en fusion, et les petites parois pouvant être déplacées sensiblement horizontalement pour modifier la largeur de la brame coulée, caractérisée en ce que, en vue de réaliser une coulée en charge, les grandes parois (11) et les petites parois (12) sont surmontées d'éléments de rehausse (13, 14) en matériau réfractaire, et en ce que la lingotière comporte des moyens (31, 101) de mesure de la position verticale des petites parois, des moyens (70) de réglage en hauteur des dites petites parois, et des moyens de commande (33, 34) pour commander de manière automatique les dits moyens de réglage en fonction de l'inclinaison des petites parois et en fonction des signaux fournis par les moyens de mesure, de manière à conserver au même niveau, après ou au cours du déplacement des petites parois, les bords supérieurs (16) des surfaces intérieures de toutes les parois refroidies .1. Continuous casting ingot mold with adjustable width, comprising two small walls (12) sandwiched between two large walls (11), all the walls being cooled and the interior surfaces of the walls defining the casting space for the molten metal, and the small walls which can be moved substantially horizontally to modify the width of the poured slab, characterized in that, in order to carry out a loaded casting, the large walls (11) and the small walls (12) are surmounted by elements of heightening (13, 14) in refractory material, and in that the mold comprises means (31, 101) for measuring the vertical position of the small walls, means (70) for adjusting the height of said small walls, and control means (33, 34) for automatically controlling said adjustment means as a function of the inclination of the small walls and as a function of the signals supplied by the measuring means, so as to keep at the same level, after or during the movement of the small walls, the upper edges (16) of the interior surfaces of all the cooled walls.
2. Lingotière selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les dit moyens de réglage en hauteur comportent pour chaque petite paroi (12) un vérin (23) monté entre la petite paroi et le châssis de la lingotière.2. Ingot mold according to claim 1, characterized in that said height adjustment means comprise for each small wall (12) a jack (23) mounted between the small wall and the chassis of the mold.
3. Lingotière selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte pour chaque petite paroi (12) au moins un vérin (41, 42) de déplacement sensiblement horizontal dont une partie mobile (44) est liée à la petite paroi selon la direction horizontale, et les dit moyens de réglage en hauteur comportent un vérin de réglage ((71, 74) dont le corps (71) est solidaire de la partie mobile (44) du vérin de déplacement horizontal et dont la tige (74) est reliée à la petite paroi selon la direction verticale.3. Ingot mold according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises for each small wall (12) at least one actuator (41, 42) of substantially horizontal movement of which a movable part (44) is linked to the small wall according to the horizontal direction, and said height adjustment means comprise an adjustment cylinder ((71, 74) whose body (71) is integral with the movable part (44) of the horizontal displacement cylinder and whose rod (74) is connected to the small wall in vertical direction.
4. Lingotière selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la petite paroi (12) est soutenue sur une sellette (61) montée sur l'extrémité (51) de la partie mobile (44) du vérin de déplacement par un arbre de liaison (52) d'axe horizontal et comportant un méplat vertical (53), autorisant une variation de hauteur de la sellette par rapport à la dite partie mobile, la tige4. Ingot mold according to claim 3, characterized in that the small wall (12) is supported on a harness (61) mounted on the end (51) of the movable part (44) of the displacement cylinder by a connecting shaft (52) with a horizontal axis and comprising a vertical flat (53), allowing a variation in height of the harness relative to said movable part, the rod
(74) du vérin de réglage étant en appui sous la dite sellette.(74) of the adjustment cylinder being supported under said harness.
5. Lingotière selon la revendication 3 , caractérisée en ce que le vérin de réglage est un vérin à fluide visqueux dont la chambre de poussée (73) est reliée par un conduit de raccordement (93) à un actionneur électro-hydraulique (90) piloté par un calculateur (33) auquel les moyens de mesure sont connectés .5. Ingot mold according to claim 3, characterized in that the adjustment cylinder is a viscous fluid cylinder whose thrust chamber (73) is connected by a connection conduit (93) to an electro-hydraulic actuator (90) controlled by a computer (33) to which the measuring means are connected.
6. Lingotière selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que un support (71) du vérin de réglage, fixé sur la partie mobile (51) du vérin de déplacement, comporte des moyens de préréglage comportant un piston (81) mobile et réglable manuellement en position dans une chambre (83) reliée au conduit de raccordement .6. Ingot mold according to claim 5, characterized in that a support (71) of the adjustment cylinder, fixed on the mobile part (51) of the displacement cylinder, comprises presetting means comprising a piston (81) mobile and manually adjustable in position in a chamber (83) connected to the connection conduit.
7. Lingotière selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la tige (74) du vérin de réglage est rappelée vers le bas par des moyens de rappel élastique (78) . 7. Ingot mold according to claim 4, characterized in that the rod (74) of the adjustment cylinder is biased downwards by elastic return means (78).
8. Lingotière selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de mesure (101) de la position verticale de la petite paroi sont portés par un coulisseau (102) guidé précisément sur le bâti de la lingotière et mobile horizontalement.8. Ingot mold according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring means (101) of the vertical position of the small wall are carried by a slide (102) guided precisely on the frame of the mold and movable horizontally.
9. Lingotière selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de mesures comporte un capteur (101) de position verticale de la petite paroi, situé à distance de la surface interne (12a) de la dite petite paroi (12) et des capteurs de mesure de l'inclinaison (35, 36), et la lingotière comporte des moyens de calcul (33) pour déterminer en fonction du signal fourni par le capteur (101) et en fonction de l'inclinaison de la petite paroi, une position exacte du bord supérieur (16) de la surface intérieure de la dite petite paroi, et des moyens de régulation (34) pour ajuster en permanence le niveau du dit bord supérieur sur le niveau des bords supérieurs des grandes parois.9. Ingot mold according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement means comprises a sensor (101) for the vertical position of the small wall, located at a distance from the internal surface (12a) of said small wall (12) and inclination measurement sensors (35, 36), and the ingot mold includes calculation means (33) for determining, as a function of the signal supplied by the sensor (101) and as a function of the inclination of the small wall, a exact position of the upper edge (16) of the inner surface of said small wall, and regulating means (34) for permanently adjusting the level of said upper edge on the level of the upper edges of large walls.
10. Procédé de coulée continue en charge utilisant une lingotière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que, pour changer le format du produit coulé sans interrompre la coulée, on desserre les grandes parois (11) pour réduite la pression qu'elles exercent sur les bords des petites parois (12) tout en assurant entre elles un contact étanche, on commande le déplacement de petites parois (12) selon la variation de largeur souhaitée de la brame coulée, en adaptant simultanément l'inclinaison des dites petites parois, on mesure une position verticale de chaque petite paroi et leur inclinaison, on en déduit par calcul la position correspondante du bord supérieur (16) de la surface intérieure (12a) de chaque petite paroi, on ajuste, par des moyens de réglage en position verticale (70) , la position de chaque petite paroi de manière à ajuster au même niveau les bords supérieurs des surfaces intérieures de toutes les parois refroidies, on resserre les grandes parois, et on poursuit la coulée.10. Continuous load casting method using an ingot mold according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, to change the format of the cast product without interrupting the casting, the large walls (11) are loosened to reduce the pressure which they exert on the edges of the small walls (12) while ensuring a tight contact between them, the displacement of small walls (12) is controlled according to the desired width variation of the cast slab, simultaneously adapting the inclination said small walls, we measure a vertical position of each small wall and their inclination, we deduce by calculation the corresponding position of the upper edge (16) of the inner surface (12a) of each small wall, we adjust, by means adjustment in vertical position (70), the position of each small wall so as to adjust the upper edges of the interior surfaces of all the cooled walls to the same level, tighten the large walls, and continue casting.
11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'on ajuste la hauteur de la petite paroi (12) à la fin du déplacement horizontal, le niveau du métal liquide étant abaissé en dessous du bord supérieur des parois refroidies avant de commencer le déplacement des petites parois, de manière que, pendant ce déplacement, la surface de métal liquide soit au niveau des parois refroidies, puis on fait remonter le niveau de métal liquide au niveau des rehausses après le réglage en hauteur des petites parois et le resserrage des grandes parois .11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the height of the small wall (12) is adjusted at the end of the horizontal displacement, the level of the liquid metal being lowered below the upper edge of the cooled walls before starting the displacement of the small walls, so that, during this displacement, the liquid metal surface is at the level of the cooled walls, then the liquid metal level is raised at the level of the risers after the height adjustment of the small walls and the tightening of the large walls.
12. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'on asservit les moyens de réglage aux résultats du calcul du niveau du bord supérieur de la surface intérieure de la petite paroi, de manière à conserver le dit bord supérieur au niveau du bord supérieur des grandes parois en permanence au cours du déplacement des petites parois. 12. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the adjustment means are controlled by the results of the calculation of the level of the upper edge of the inner surface of the small wall, so as to keep said upper edge at the level of the upper edge large walls permanently during the movement of small walls.
PCT/FR2002/001696 2001-05-28 2002-05-21 Ingot head for continuous casting of slab with adjustable width and casting method using same WO2002096584A1 (en)

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FR01/06906 2001-05-28
FR0106906A FR2825038B1 (en) 2001-05-28 2001-05-28 SLAB CONTINUOUSLY CASTING LINGOTIERE WITH ADJUSTABLE WIDTH, AND CASTING METHOD USING THE SAME

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CN104942250A (en) * 2014-03-26 2015-09-30 上海宝信软件股份有限公司 Online continuous casting billet preset width setting and tracking method
CN113102698A (en) * 2021-04-21 2021-07-13 重庆西南铝机电设备工程有限公司 Aluminum alloy slab ingot dynamic deformation casting crystallization device
CN114659468A (en) * 2022-03-10 2022-06-24 张家港宏昌钢板有限公司 Novel casting blank square-off detection device

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US11883876B2 (en) 2017-06-12 2024-01-30 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamic mold shape control for direct chill casting
US10350674B2 (en) * 2017-06-12 2019-07-16 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamic mold shape control for direct chill casting
US11717882B1 (en) 2022-02-18 2023-08-08 Wagstaff, Inc. Mold casting surface cooling

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US5931216A (en) * 1996-06-14 1999-08-03 Alusuisse Technology & Management Ltd. Adjustable continuous casting mold
DE19842110C1 (en) * 1998-09-08 1999-08-26 Mannesmann Ag Adjustable plate mold for continuous casting of metal
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US4171719A (en) * 1976-10-28 1979-10-23 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for inspecting the taper of continuous casting molds
FR2747061A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 1997-10-10 Ugine Savoie Sa BI-MATERIAL LINGOTIERE FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING IN VERTICAL METAL LOAD
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7928218B2 (en) 2002-02-20 2011-04-19 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. RNA interference mediated inhibition of polycomb group protein EZH2 gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA)
CN104942250A (en) * 2014-03-26 2015-09-30 上海宝信软件股份有限公司 Online continuous casting billet preset width setting and tracking method
CN104942250B (en) * 2014-03-26 2017-08-11 上海宝信软件股份有限公司 The method of continuous casting billet online presetting wide setting and tracking
CN113102698A (en) * 2021-04-21 2021-07-13 重庆西南铝机电设备工程有限公司 Aluminum alloy slab ingot dynamic deformation casting crystallization device
CN114659468A (en) * 2022-03-10 2022-06-24 张家港宏昌钢板有限公司 Novel casting blank square-off detection device
CN114659468B (en) * 2022-03-10 2023-09-15 张家港宏昌钢板有限公司 Novel casting blank square off detection device

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