WO2002093615A1 - Scanning atom probe and analysis method using scanning atom probe - Google Patents
Scanning atom probe and analysis method using scanning atom probe Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002093615A1 WO2002093615A1 PCT/JP2002/002802 JP0202802W WO02093615A1 WO 2002093615 A1 WO2002093615 A1 WO 2002093615A1 JP 0202802 W JP0202802 W JP 0202802W WO 02093615 A1 WO02093615 A1 WO 02093615A1
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- sample
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- analyzer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/34—Dynamic spectrometers
- H01J49/40—Time-of-flight spectrometers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/252—Tubes for spot-analysing by electron or ion beams; Microanalysers
- H01J37/256—Tubes for spot-analysing by electron or ion beams; Microanalysers using scanning beams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/26—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes
- H01J37/285—Emission microscopes, e.g. field-emission microscopes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/06—Electron- or ion-optical arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/244—Detection characterized by the detecting means
- H01J2237/2443—Scintillation detectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/244—Detection characterized by the detecting means
- H01J2237/2446—Position sensitive detectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/26—Electron or ion microscopes
- H01J2237/28—Scanning microscopes
- H01J2237/2818—Scanning tunnelling microscopes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
- Y10S977/849—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure with scanning probe
- Y10S977/852—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure with scanning probe for detection of specific nanostructure sample or nanostructure-related property
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an analyzer and an analysis method for analyzing a sample, and more particularly to a scanning atom probe capable of analyzing a sample surface at an atomic level resolution and an analysis method using the scanning atom probe.
- a device for analyzing the surface of a sample at the atomic level is a field emission microscope (hereinafter also referred to as “FEM”).
- FEM field emission microscope
- a negative high voltage is applied to a long and sharp needle-like sample to generate a high electric field at the hemispherical needle tip.
- This high electric field lowers the potential barrier that traps electrons within the surface, but when the electric field is high enough, the barrier width is about 1 nm, and electrons pass through the potential barrier due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. It is radiated and enters the screen in front of the needle, producing a bright and dark image.
- the emitted electrons are emitted radially toward the radius of the hemispherical surface of the needle point, and a bright and dark image corresponding to the work function of each area of the needle point is enlarged and projected on the screen.
- the magnification of the image is almost equal to the ratio of the radius of curvature of the tip to the distance from the tip to the screen. If the radius of curvature is 100 nm and the distance is 10 cm, it will be about one million times. . This magnification is high enough to allow direct observation of atoms, but according to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, the uncertainty of the electron emission position is wider than the spacing between atoms, so the resolution is as low as about 1 nm.
- FIM Field Ion Microscope
- the arrangement of atoms on the hemisphere at the needle tip is directly reflected on the screen. If the electric field generated at the tip is even higher, not only the gas atoms but also the surface atoms themselves at the tip desorb as positive ions. Using this field evaporation, surface atoms are peeled off one atomic layer at a time, so that the inner layers can be observed in order from the surface.
- the force has an excellent function of the the atoms observed by FIM one one detectable identification s, samples, like FEM and F IM, with a sharp needle, and the tip radius of curvature 100 nm of Must be polished to a degree or less. Such polishing is not easy for conductive organic materials, ceramics, diamonds, etc., and observation by FEM, FIM, and AP has been limited to specific samples.
- SAP scanning atom probe
- H7-43337 The present inventor has developed a scanning atom probe (hereinafter, also referred to as “SAP”) that does not require a needle-shaped sample in order to solve the above-described problems.
- SAP's technology is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H7-43337.
- SAP is equipped with a funnel-shaped fine extraction electrode, which scans a planar sample along the surface.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a more convenient analyzer and analysis method. More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a technique for selecting and analyzing an arbitrary region on the surface of a planar sample.
- the analyzer includes an electrode that runs on the surface of the sample, a voltage supply that supplies a voltage to the sample, and a voltage supply unit that supplies a voltage sufficient for the atoms on the surface of the sample to evaporate in the electric field.
- the apparatus further includes an ion detection unit that detects ions generated by electric field evaporation, and a surface shape analysis unit that analyzes the shape of the surface of the sample. With the provision of the surface shape analysis unit, it is possible to accurately obtain the state of the surface of the sample and appropriately select an analysis region.
- the electrode may be an extraction electrode having a funnel shape.
- the extraction electrode it is possible to analyze a sample having a planar surface shape that cannot be analyzed with a conventional atom probe.
- the surface of the sample had a planar shape
- the surface shape analysis unit searched for protrusions on the surface
- the electrodes were aligned with the tips of the protrusions
- the ion detection unit evaporated from the tips of the protrusions Ions may be detected.
- the surface shape analyzer may be a scanning tunnel microscope.
- the surface shape analyzer may be an atomic force microscope. Of course, the analyzer may have both of them. Which microscope to use may be selected according to the characteristics of the sample.
- the surface shape analysis unit may scan the surface of the sample with a probe provided so as to be exchangeable with the electrode.
- the surface shape analyzer may scan the surface of the sample using the electrode as a probe.
- the electrode may have a funnel shape, and may have a protrusion functioning as a probe around a hole at the tip on the sample side.
- a sharp needle-like projection can be provided at the tip of the electrode to obtain a finer surface shape. .
- a laser for irradiating the sample with a laser beam may be further provided to vaporize atoms on the surface of the sample by photo-excitation electric field. This makes it possible to analyze low-conductivity materials that could not be analyzed with conventional atom probes.
- the ion detection unit may include a position-sensitive ion detector capable of analyzing the position of ions generated by electric field evaporation. Thereby, the arrangement of atoms in the analysis region of the sample can be obtained.
- the ion detector may include a mass spectrometer capable of analyzing the mass of ions generated by electric field evaporation. As a result, the composition of the sample in the analysis region can be obtained.
- the image processing apparatus may further include a projection unit that projects an image formed by the field-emitted electrons.
- a first ammeter for measuring a current value of electrons incident on the electrode among the field-emitted electrons may be further provided.
- a second ammeter for measuring a current value of the electrons that have entered the projection unit among the electrons emitted by the electric field may be further provided.
- the electrodes may be aligned based on the current value measured by the first ammeter or the second ammeter.
- a step of scanning the surface of a sample with a first probe to obtain a surface shape of the sample, and a step of replacing the first probe or a second probe provided interchangeably with the first probe are performed. Grounding and aligning with the tip of the protrusion on the surface, supplying a positive voltage to the sample to field-evaporate atoms on the surface, and detecting ions generated by the field evaporation .
- the step of field-evaporating atoms and the step of detecting ions may be repeated to obtain a three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in the sample.
- the electronic state can be known from the IV characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a scanning atom probe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the entire configuration of the scanning atom probe according to the present embodiment.
- Fig. 3 (a) shows the image of the microelectrode formed at the tip of the extraction electrode on the sample side by the CVD method
- Fig. 3 (b) shows the image of the pillar formed at that tip on the display. It is a photograph of the displayed halftone image.
- Fig. 4 (a) shows an image of the surface shape of the sample obtained by the extraction electrode provided with pillars
- Fig. 4 (b) shows an image of the surface shape of the sample obtained by a normal tungsten probe.
- Each is a photograph of a halftone image displayed on the display.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a result of analyzing an artificial diamond by the scanning atom probe according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an entire configuration of a scanning atom probe as an example of an analyzer according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the entire configuration of the scanning atom probe. 1 and 2, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of some components of the scanning atom probe shown in FIG. The description will proceed with reference to one of the figures as necessary.
- the scanning atom probe 100 is mainly replaceable with a pulse generator 1 as an example of a voltage supply unit, a DC high-voltage power supply 2, and a funnel-shaped extraction electrode 5 and an extraction electrode 5 that scan the surface of the sample 3.
- a probe 4 provided, a screen 9 as an example of a projection unit for projecting an image of electrons emitted from the sample 3 by electric field emission, a first ammeter 6 a for measuring a current value of electrons incident on the extraction electrode 5 A second ammeter 6b for measuring the current value of electrons incident on the screen 9, a laser 7 for irradiating the surface of the sample 3 with a pulsed laser beam, Position-sensitive ion detector 11 for detecting cations that have evaporated from sample 3 11, Reflectortron mass analyzer 13 for analyzing the mass of cations that have been evaporated from sample 3, Timer for measuring the flight time of ions 1 and a surface shape analyzer 20 for analyzing the surface shape of the sample 3 with the probe 4.
- the procedure of a method for analyzing a sample using the scanning atom probe will be described.
- the surface of the sample 3 is scanned by the grounded extraction electrode 5 to search for fine projections 3a.
- the grooves may be cut in a grid pattern using a dicing cutter. It is preferable that the depth of the groove is equal to or less than 10 / im.
- the part that is not a groove is the analysis area.
- the analysis may be performed after placing the sample in a corrosive liquid or gas to study the corrosive effect of the sample. Since the corroded area is depressed, it can be seen that the area to be analyzed, that is, the non-depressed area, is an area resistant to corrosion.
- the SAP 100 includes a probe 4 provided so as to be replaceable with the extraction electrode 5. If the sample is a conductive material, use an STM as the surface shape analyzer 20 and a probe for STM as the probe 4.If the sample is an insulating material, use the AFM as the surface shape analyzer 20. The probe 4 for the AFM may be used as the probe 4.
- the extraction electrode 5 and the probe 4 are exchanged, the surface of the sample is scanned with the probe 4, and the shape of the sample surface is drawn by the surface shape analyzer 20.
- the tip 4 describes not only the shape of the sample surface but also the atomic arrangement on the surface of the tip of the protrusion to be mass-analyzed by SAP 100.
- the extraction electrode 5 is positioned just above the desired projection. According to this method, a desired region can be selected and mass spectrometry can be performed for each layer after acquiring the shape and atomic arrangement of the sample surface, so that the atomic arrangement and composition of the analytical region can be determined. You can know the correlation.
- the extraction electrode 5 may be used as the probe 4 of the surface shape analyzer 20. This will be described in detail in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- a negative bias voltage is applied to the sample 3 from the DC high-voltage power supply 2, and the tip of the protrusion 3a Causes the electrons to emit electric field.
- the emitted electrons 8 enter the screen 9, and the current value of the emitted electrons is measured by the second ammeter 6b.
- the negative bias voltage is varied, and the change of the current value with respect to the bias voltage (I-V plot) is measured. Thereby, the electronic state of the analysis area can be known.
- a positive DC bias voltage is applied to the sample 3 and superimposed thereon, and a positive pulse voltage is applied by the pulse generator 1. If the sum of the DC bias voltage and the pulse voltage is sufficiently high, the surface atoms at the tip of the protrusion 3a are vaporized by electric field to become cations 8, which enter the screen 9 along the same trajectory as the emitted electrons 8. If sample 3 is a material with low conductivity, such as an insulating material or a semiconductor material, the pulse voltage does not efficiently reach the tip of the protrusion 3a.
- the laser 7 irradiates a pulse laser beam 7a, and the surface atoms are desorbed as cations by photo-excitation electric field evaporation. This makes conventional APs suitable for measurement. Even low-conductivity materials, which had been deemed unreliable, can be analyzed in the same way as conductive materials.
- the screen 9 is removed, and the cations 8 are made incident on the position-sensitive ion detector 11.
- the position-sensitive ion detector 11 for example, an apparatus disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,644,128 is suitable.
- the time of flight of the positive ions 8 from the protrusion 3 a to the position-sensitive ion detector 11 is measured by the timer 12.
- the timer 12 starts the measurement in response to the start signal from the pulse generator 1, and stops the measurement in response to the signal from the position-sensitive ion detector 11, thereby measuring the flight time of the positive ions 8.
- the ratio of the detected ion mass to charge is obtained from the ion flight time, the sum of the voltage values applied to sample 3, and the flight path from the sample surface to the position-sensitive ion detector 11. It is.
- the incident position of the position-sensitive ion detector 11 and the position of the atoms before the electric field evaporation correspond one-to-one, and the atoms can be detected by evaporating the atoms one by one by the electric field evaporation. It is possible to obtain the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that make up.
- the mass resolution depends on the accuracy of the ion time-of-flight measurement. Since the time resolution of the timer 12 is limited, it is preferable to increase the ion flight path in order to improve the mass resolution. In other words, the longer the flight path, the better the mass resolution.
- a reflectortron mass analyzer 13 is used in order to realize high mass resolution. To perform high-resolution mass spectrometry in the analysis area, remove the position-sensitive ion detector 11 and return the screen 9 to its original position.
- the reflect-port type mass spectrometer 13 includes a first ion detector 14 provided at the end of the straight flight path, and a second ion detector 15 provided on the entrance side.
- the first ion detector 14 can detect atoms neutralized after the electric field evaporation.
- the second ion detector 15 can detect ions with high mass resolution. When ions are detected by the first ion detector 14 and the second ion detector 15, a signal is sent to a timer, and the flight time of the ion is measured.
- the area on the sample surface analyzed by the reflectortron mass spectrometer 13 is smaller than the position-sensitive ion detector 11, for example, about several nm in diameter, but is smaller than the position-sensitive ion detector 11. Since the mass of ions can be analyzed with high accuracy, it is only necessary to appropriately select one of them according to the application.
- the surface shape analysis unit 20 scans the surface of the sample 3 with the probe 4 that is provided so as to be exchangeable with the extraction electrode 5, and analyzes the shape.
- the extraction electrode 5 may be used as the probe 4.
- FIG. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show a state in which a protrusion functioning as a probe 4 is formed around a hole 5a at the tip of the extraction electrode 5 on the sample side.
- an ion beam CVD method was used to obtain a height of about 40 / zm, a base diameter of 35 / im, a tip diameter of 10 / zm, and a thickness of the ring.
- a carbon or tungsten microelectrode of about 0.6 ⁇ is added, and a protrusion called a pillar with a height of about 1.2 ⁇ and a tip hemispherical diameter of about 80 nm is placed on the ring at the tip.
- FIG. 3 (a) shows a microelectrode formed by the CVD method
- FIG. 3 (b) shows a pillar at the tip.
- Fig. 4 (a) shows the surface shape of the sample obtained by the extraction electrode 5 shown in Figs. 3 (a) and (b), and Fig. 4 (b) shows the surface shape of the sample obtained by the ordinary tungsten probe 4. Indicates the surface shape. Both figures were clear, the resolution was high, and no difference was observed when comparing the depth profiles of the images. From the above, it was confirmed that the surface shape of the sample was accurately drawn by the leaflet provided at the tip of the extraction electrode 5.
- the pillar is formed of carbon or tungsten from the viewpoint of ease of manufacture, but the pillar is made of a material having a large work function and a strong material such as iridium and conductive carbide. desirable.
- FIG. 5 shows the result of analyzing an artificial diamond using SAP 100 of the present embodiment.
- SAP 100 of this embodiment it is not necessary to process the sample into sharp needles, which makes it possible to analyze diamond produced by chemical vapor deposition, high-pressure high-temperature methods, etc., and graphite with different purity.
- Figure 5 shows a mass spectrum obtained by analyzing diamond generated by the high-pressure high-temperature method. Many carbon atoms are detected as clusters.
- the SAP of the present embodiment it is possible to know which bond is broken and the ion is generated during the electric field evaporation, so that the bonding state of the atoms can be known.
- the electronic properties of the analysis area can be clarified by the IV characteristics of the field emission.
- SAP secondary ion mass spectrometer
- AES Auger electron spectrometer
- the resolution of SAP is one atomic layer in the depth direction and the atomic level in the lateral direction, and it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional composition distribution with a high atomic level resolution.
- the detection sensitivity of the ion detector is the same for all atoms and molecules, and it can detect hydrogen that cannot be detected by AES.
- the present invention is applicable to an analyzer and an analysis method for analyzing the surface of a sample.
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2002590391A JP4111501B2 (ja) | 2001-03-26 | 2002-03-22 | 走査型アトムプローブおよび走査型アトムプローブを用いた分析方法 |
EP02705458A EP1376650A4 (en) | 2001-03-26 | 2002-03-22 | SCANNING ATOMIC PROBE AND ANALYSIS PROCEDURE WITH THE SCANNING ATOMIC PROBE |
US10/333,318 US6875981B2 (en) | 2001-03-26 | 2002-03-22 | Scanning atom probe and analysis method utilizing scanning atom probe |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US27842301P | 2001-03-26 | 2001-03-26 | |
US60/278,423 | 2001-03-26 |
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WO2002093615A1 true WO2002093615A1 (en) | 2002-11-21 |
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PCT/JP2002/002802 WO2002093615A1 (en) | 2001-03-26 | 2002-03-22 | Scanning atom probe and analysis method using scanning atom probe |
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US (1) | US6875981B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1376650A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4111501B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002093615A1 (ja) |
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US5440124A (en) * | 1994-07-08 | 1995-08-08 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | High mass resolution local-electrode atom probe |
JP3902925B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-31 | 2007-04-11 | エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社 | 走査型アトムプローブ |
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2002
- 2002-03-22 WO PCT/JP2002/002802 patent/WO2002093615A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2002-03-22 US US10/333,318 patent/US6875981B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-22 EP EP02705458A patent/EP1376650A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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JP2007242513A (ja) * | 2006-03-10 | 2007-09-20 | Fujitsu Ltd | 元素検出方法及び元素検出装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1376650A4 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
US20030154773A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
EP1376650A1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
US6875981B2 (en) | 2005-04-05 |
JPWO2002093615A1 (ja) | 2004-09-02 |
JP4111501B2 (ja) | 2008-07-02 |
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