Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
  • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
  • B60N2/42—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats
  • B60N2/427—Seats or parts thereof displaced during a crash
  • B60N2/42727—Seats or parts thereof displaced during a crash involving substantially rigid displacement
  • B60N2/42745—Seats or parts thereof displaced during a crash involving substantially rigid displacement of the back-rest
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
  • B60N2/02—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable
  • B60N2/22—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable the back-rest being adjustable
  • B60N2/2222—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable the back-rest being adjustable the back-rest having two or more parts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
  • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
  • B60N2/42—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats
  • B60N2/4207—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats characterised by the direction of the g-forces
  • B60N2/4214—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats characterised by the direction of the g-forces longitudinal
  • B60N2/4221—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats characterised by the direction of the g-forces longitudinal due to impact coming from the front
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
  • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
  • B60N2/42—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats
  • B60N2/4207—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats characterised by the direction of the g-forces
  • B60N2/4214—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats characterised by the direction of the g-forces longitudinal
  • B60N2/4228—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats characterised by the direction of the g-forces longitudinal due to impact coming from the rear
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
  • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
  • B60N2/42—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats
  • B60N2/427—Seats or parts thereof displaced during a crash
  • B60N2/42709—Seats or parts thereof displaced during a crash involving residual deformation or fracture of the structure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
  • B60N2/80—Head-rests
  • B60N2/806—Head-rests movable or adjustable
  • B60N2/838—Tiltable
  • B60N2/853—Tiltable characterised by their adjusting mechanisms, e.g. electric motors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
  • B60N2/80—Head-rests
  • B60N2/888—Head-rests with arrangements for protecting against abnormal g-forces, e.g. by displacement of the head-rest
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
  • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
  • F15B15/19—Pyrotechnical actuators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
  • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
  • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
  • F15B15/26—Locking mechanisms
  • F15B15/262—Locking mechanisms using friction, e.g. brake pads

Definitions

• the invention relates to an actuating device for causing an object to move, comprising at least one actuating element and means for connection thereof to the object. It is of great importance in many situations that an object can be displaced through some distance in a very short time by means of an actuating device. What particularly springs to mind here are safety systems, for instance in vehicles, which in the case of an incident, particularly a collision, must protect the passengers in the vehicle from injury. These safety systems may not however affect the normal operation of other systems which are present, and must therefore be present in the background.
• An example of a situation where there is a need for such a rapidly responding, background safety system is a sudden forward acceleration of a vehicle seat, for instance as a result of a rear-end collision, wherein the passenger is pressed with force against the backrest.
• Known vehicle seats can be adjusted in many ways, which has an adverse effect on the structural strength and rigidity. These seats therefore provide generally inadequate support and protection in the case of such a rear-end collision.
• the backrest therefore moves under the load, which begins when the pelvis of the passenger contacts the backrest very rapidly in the direction opposite to the load direction. The back of the passenger hereby comes away from the backrest and strikes against it again with additional force only at the end of the movement.
• the head support which is mounted on the top of the backrest, also makes this raid movement, so that the head of the passenger will also strike against the head support with force at the end of the movement.
• the force of the blow with which back and head strike the backrest and head support often results in injury known under the collective name of "whiplash".
• the invention now has for its object to provide an actuating device with which for instance a rapid movement of a backrest of a vehicle seat can be generated, in order to prevent back, neck and head injury in the case of a rear-end collision.
• the actuating element comprises a cylinder connected to a source of gas under pressure and a piston received therein for movement under the influence of the gas pressure.
• the source of gas under pressure is preferably a pyrotechnic element.
• the desired gas pressure can hereby be built up very quickly, i.e. explosively.
• the actuating element is preferably provided with means for blocking the piston in the cylinder in a rest position. Unintended movements of the object connected to the piston can hereby be avoided.
• these blocking means are formed by at least one failing means arranged between the piston and the cylinder. These failing means, which can for instance take the form of a protruding edge of the piston which rests against a shoulder in the cylinder, will fail in simple manner in the case of a load on the piston due to the gas pressure, whereafter the piston can move freely.
• the actuating device is also provided with means for fixing the piston in the cylinder at the end of its stroke movement. The actuating device further behaves, after activation thereof, as a rigid entity, whereby the further movements of the object connected thereto are predictable and controllable.
• the fixed end position of the piston moreover forms a clear indication that the actuating device has been used.
• fixation means can for instance be formed by a tapering end part of the cylinder and a cone-shaped end part of the piston fitting closely therein. Owing to the force and speed at which the piston is moved after activating of the pyrotechnic element, the piston will, with a suitable choice of the materials of the cylinder and piston, be driven fixedly into the tapering end part of the cylinder.
• the invention also provides means for damping a return movement of an element, such as for instance a piston of an actuating device as described above.
• an element such as for instance a piston of an actuating device as described above.
• the damping means can comprise at least one compressible damping member arranged between the parts.
• the damping member is preferably tubular and has at least one protruding stabilizing edge.
• a relatively light construction which can nevertheless withstand high loads is obtained when the tubular part of the damping member and/or the stabilizing edge is manufactured from metal, for instance aluminium.
• the damping member can comprise at least one chamber filled with a compressible mass. The damping means can thus be formed simply and at low cost.
• the piston preferably has a plastically extendable piston rod.
• the invention also relates to a seat in which an actuating device and/or damping means as described above can be applied.
• An earlier vehicle seat developed by applicant comprises a frame mounted in the vehicle, a seat part arranged thereon and a backrest connected thereto, at least a part of which is movable substantially parallel to the seat part.
• the invention now provides a seat of this type which is further provided with at least one actuating device for causing at least the movable part of the backrest, in response to an impact load, to co-displace with the load. In the case of a rear-end collision the backrest can thus perform a forward movement very rapidly to cushion the upper body and head of the passenger.
• the whole seat can thus tilt forward to reduce the distance from the body of the user.
• the tilt axis can herein be defined by at least one pivot placed close to an edge of the seat part remote from the backrest.
• the seat part and/or backrest are connected to the frame by at least two pivot arms arranged spaced apart in the direction of movement of the vehicle.
• the movement can be precisely controlled by adapting the relative position and length of the pivot arms.
• the at least one actuating device is advantageously then arranged herein between the seat part and/or backrest and the frame.
• At least a part of the backrest is pivotable about a horizontal pivot shaft located at a distance above the seat part and oriented substantially transversely of the direction of movement of the vehicle, and the actuating device is placed substantially parallel to the backrest and engages on a lever connected to the backrest. It may otherwise be advantageous in some cases to make use of separate means arranged between the seat part and/or backrest and the frame for damping a return movement of the seat part and/or backrest, whereby the actuating function, the setting of (parts of) the seat into motion, is thus separated from that of damping the return movement.
• Fig. 1A-C show a first embodiment of the actuating device according to the invention during different stages of the use thereof
• Fig. 2A-C show views corresponding with fig. 1 of a second embodiment of the actuating device
• FIG. 3A-C show views corresponding with the foregoing figures of a third embodiment of the actuating device
• FIG. 4A-C are corresponding views of a fourth embodiment of the actuating device according to the invention
• Fig. 5 is a partly cross-sectional perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the actuating device
• Fig. 6A and B are schematic side views of a vehicle seat in which an actuating device according to the invention is applied, respectively in a rest position and during use of the actuating device,
• Fig. 7A and B show views corresponding with fig. 6 of an alternative embodiment of the actuating device when used in a vehicle seat
• Fig. 8A and B show views corresponding with the foregoing figures of a third arrangement of the actuating device when used in a vehicle seat
• Fig. 9 is a partly cut-away perspective view of the embodiment of fig. 5 in use in a vehicle seat with pivotable backrest, and Fig. 10A and B show a vehicle seat provided with means for damping the movement thereof.
• An actuating device 1 (fig. 1) comprises a cylinder 2 and a piston 3 which is movable therein.
• Cylinder 2 is provided with a protruding part 4 in which is received pyrotechnic element 5 which, when activated, provides a gas discharge in cylinder 2.
• Piston 3 is connected to a piston rod 6 which protrudes at one end through an opening 8 in an end wall 9 of cylinder 2.
• the cylinder 2 is in fact embodied in two parts and has an extension part 10 which is received in an end wall 11 and has a bore 12 into which the piston rod 6 extends.
• the extension part 10 is provided with damping means 14, here in the form of a relatively thin-walled tube 15 and a number of stabilizing rings 16 arranged spaced-apart.
• the tube 15 and stabilizing rings 16 are formed integrally with each other from a metal such as aluminium, and they also form one whole with the extension part 10 of cylinder 2.
• Piston rod 6 and extension part 10 are further provided with openings 7 and 13 respectively with which the actuating device 1 can be mounted between a fixed base and an object to be moved by actuating device 1.
• Actuating device 1 is further provided with means for blocking piston 3 in cylinder 2 in the rest position.
• These blocking means are formed in the shown embodiment by a failing means arranged between piston 3 and the cylinder, here in the form of a protruding breaking edge 17 of piston 3 which is in engagement with a shoulder 18 in cylinder 2.
• Edge 17 is so dimensioned that it fails when the gas pressure in cylinder 2 behind piston 3 is increased explosively by activation of pyrotechnic element 5.
• Actuating device 1 is also provided with means for fixing piston 3 in cylinder 2 at the end of its stroke movement.
• fixation means are formed here by a tapering end part 20 of the cylinder in which a cone- shaped end part 19 of the piston can be close-fittingly received.
• piston 3 can be pressed by the gas pressure in cylinder 2 with so much force into the tapering end 20 that piston 3 and cylinder 2 behave as one rigid entity at the loads normally acting thereon.
• Cylinder 2 is otherwise also provided with outlet apertures 21 to allow escape of the air present in cylinder 2 in front of piston 3.
• actuating device 1 When actuating device 1 is arranged by means of attachment points 7 and 13 between a fixed base and an object for moving, it in fact forms a rigid connection therebetween (fig. 1A) as a consequence of the rigidity of cylinder 2 and extension part 10, and because piston 3 is locked into cylinder 2 by fixation means 17, 18 and is locked with its piston rod 6 in extension part 10. If actuating device 1 is now set into operation, pyrotechnic element 5 is then first activated by means of an igniter. A high gas pressure is hereby built up in explosive manner in cylinder 2, whereby piston 3 is moved to the right in the drawing relative to cylinder 2 (fig. IB) . The fixation edge 17 herein fails.
• damping means 14 which deform plastically in precisely determined manner.
• the plastic deformation here takes the form of buckling of the segments of the tube 15 between stabilizing rings 16 until parts of the inner wall of tube 15 come into mutual contact and the tube segments are pressed practically flat between stabilizing rings 16 (fig. 1C) .
• the relation between the plastic deformation thereof and the exerted force is almost linear, so avoiding stress peaks.
• the damping force increases rapidly at the beginning of the deformation and then reaches a value which remains practically constant during the further deformation of the tube segments.
• actuating device 1 In the actuating device 1 according to this embodiment a rapid outgoing movement is thus combined with a uniform damping of a possible return stroke movement. This makes actuating device 1 particularly suitable for use in determined safety systems, in particular systems applied in vehicles to prevent personal injury in the case of collisions.
• actuating device 1 In a more compact variant of actuating device 1 (fig. 2), the pyrotechnic element 5 is arranged in a space in a head part 4 which is connected to cylinder wall 2 and which at the same time bears an attachment point 13. An access space 22 for the ignition is also formed in head part 4.
• the damping means 14 are not arranged in cylinder 2 but in piston 3.
• Piston rod 6 is provided for this purpose with a bore 24 in which an extension part 23 is received which bears the attachment point 7.
• Damping means 14 here too take the form of a tube 15 with a number of stabilizing rings 16 arranged in distributed manner, and are accommodated in bore 24 of piston rod 6.
• the other components of actuating device 1 correspond with those of the device of fig. 1.
• actuating device 1 When actuating device 1 according to this variant is used, gas pressure is built up by igniting pyrotechnic element 5, whereby piston 3 moves explosively to the left in cylinder 2 and is once again driven fixedly into the end part thereof, while when a greater reaction force then occurs the extension part 23 is pressed into bore 24 of piston rod 6 while the damping means 14 are compressed. These are again plastically deformed herein between stabilizing rings 16 in the same manner as in fig. 1.
• damping means 14 no longer take the form of a tube with stabilizing rings but are formed by plastically compressible bodies, such as for instance plastic balls, received in the bore 24 of piston rod 6 (fig. 3) .
• extension part 23 is herein embodied as auxiliary piston 26, whereby balls 25 are compressed.
• the plastically deformable balls 25 could also be replaced by a fluid which could be driven out through a small aperture in piston 3 or the wall of piston rod 6, thereby resulting in a hydraulic damper.
• actuating device 1 in yet another variant of actuating device 1 (fig. 4), the movements are reversed relative to the above shown variants in the sense that a tensile force is exerted on the object for moving instead of a pressure force, and the reaction force is therefore also an opposing tensile force instead of a pressure force.
• the damping of the reaction force is herein provided by piston rod 6 which takes a plastically deformable form.
• piston rod 6 which takes a plastically deformable form.
• the end thereof is connected to end wall 9 of cylinder 2 via a compressible and extendable bellows 27.
• the source of gas under pressure is not formed by a pyrotechnic element but by a container 42 filled with a gas under pressure and provided with a controllable valve 43.
• Damping means 14 are herein formed once again in piston 3, which again takes a divided form with a bore which is filled with a gas or a liquid and in which a perforated auxiliary piston 44 is slidable received.
• This auxiliary piston 44 again bears the extension part 23 of piston rod 6.
• means are provided for fixing piston 3 at the end of its stroke.
• a cone-shaped fixation member 45 Arranged for this purpose in cylinder 2 under piston 3 is a cone-shaped fixation member 45 which is movable upward but which expands in the case of a downward directed load and becomes fixed in the wall of cylinder 2.
• the valve 43 When this variant of actuating device 1 is activated, the valve 43 is opened and the gas under pressure flows out of container 42 into cylinder 2. Fixation member 45 and piston 3 are hereby moved upward.
• actuating device 1 can be applied in a safety system, for instance to move forward a vehicle seat 28, or at least the backrest 30 thereof, in the case of a rear-end collision so as to thus prevent the distance between back, neck and head of the user on the one hand and backrest 30 and head support 36 of seat 28 on the other becoming too great at the beginning of the collision, which could result in these body parts striking the backrest and head support with force, which could in turn cause whiplash.
• Fig. 6 shows a conventional vehicle seat 28, with a seat part 29 which is connected via an adjustable hinge 31 to backrest 30.
• Seat 28 stands on two seat rails 32 which are fastened to the bottom 33 of the vehicle.
• Two carriages 34 and 35, which carry seat 28, are received slidably in each rail 32.
• the desired movement of backrest 30 is achieved by tilting seat part 29 and the backrest 30 connected thereto about an axis P (fig. 6B) .
• this tilt axis P is formed by a conventional hinge construction 37 with which seat part 29 is fixed to the foremost carriage.
• an actuating device 1 such as shown for instance in any of the figures 1-3 is arranged between the rear carriage 35 and a frame part 38 of seat 28. This actuating device 1 is activated in the case of a rear-end collision, which is detected by a sensor (not shown) .
• seat 28 In an alternative embodiment of seat 28 (fig. 7), this latter is connected by two pivot arms 39, 40 to carriages 34 and 35.
• the carriage 34 is herein driven by actuating device 1, while the second pivot arm 39 is formed by a separate damper which in the shown embodiment has the same construction as damping means 14 in figures 1 and 2.
• actuating device 1 in the case of a rear-end collision the carriage 34 is here moved forward, wherein the front part of seat part 29 is moved forward and downward by rotation of pivot arm 39.
• Backrest 30 hereby performs a combined translation and rotation movement in the direction of the back of the user. When the user finally contacts backrest 30 and head support 36, the return movement of these components and of seat part 30 resulting therefrom is damped by plastic deformation of the damper functioning as second pivot arm 40.
• actuating device 1 In a third variant of the vehicle seat two pivot arms 39 and 40 are connected to a common pivoting point 41, while an actuating device 1 with integrated damping means 14 is connected to the point of engagement 38 of the second pivot arm 40 to seat part 28 (fig. 8).
• activation of actuating device 1 results in the first instance in a tilting movement of seat 38 about pivoting point 41, whereby the distance between backrest 30 and head support 36 on the one hand and back, neck and head of the user on the other is reduced, whereafter the seat is tilted backward again when the body strikes the backrest and the head support, while the damping means deform in actuating device 1.
• a fourth variant of vehicle seat 28 (fig. 9) is characterized by a backrest 30 which is pivotable about a horizontal pivot shaft 46 some distance above seat part 29.
• Seat part 2 here has a substantially L- shaped frame comprising a lying part 47 and a standing part 48.
• Backrest 30, which can be adjustable in conventional manner, has a frame 49 which is pivotable about halfway along its height around the horizontal shaft 46 by means of bearings 50, which shaft forms part of standing frame part 48.
• Backrest 30 has a part 51 situated under pivot shaft 46 and a part 52 situated thereabove which bears head support 36.
• Actuating device 1 is here placed parallel to backrest 30 and engages on a lever 53 protruding from the frame 49 thereof.
• fig. 10 shows a further variant of seat 28, wherein use is made solely of a mechanical damper for damping the movement of the seat in response to a rear-end collision.
• This mechanical damper 14 herein takes the same form as the damping means in the embodiment of actuating device 1 of figures 1 and 2, i.e. a tubular form with stabilizing rings, and is arranged between a foremost support 42 of seat 28 and point fixedly connected to the vehicle.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Seats For Vehicles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (1)

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ID=26643343

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (7)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 2002
  • 2002-01-30 NL NL1019869A patent/NL1019869C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-05-13 WO PCT/NL2002/000307 patent/WO2002092384A1/nl not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (6)

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