WO2002092314A1 - Spritzgiessmaschine und spritzgiessverfahren zur herstellung geschäumter formteile - Google Patents
Spritzgiessmaschine und spritzgiessverfahren zur herstellung geschäumter formteile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002092314A1 WO2002092314A1 PCT/EP2002/005142 EP0205142W WO02092314A1 WO 2002092314 A1 WO2002092314 A1 WO 2002092314A1 EP 0205142 W EP0205142 W EP 0205142W WO 02092314 A1 WO02092314 A1 WO 02092314A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- screw piston
- injection molding
- screw
- porous
- blowing agent
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/3442—Mixing, kneading or conveying the foamable material
- B29C44/3446—Feeding the blowing agent
- B29C44/3449—Feeding the blowing agent through the screw
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/3442—Mixing, kneading or conveying the foamable material
- B29C44/3446—Feeding the blowing agent
Definitions
- the invention relates to an injection molding machine and an injection molding process for the production of foamed molded parts in the injection molding process using a physical blowing agent.
- molded parts can also be produced using the injection molding process, using foam injection molding or other special processes.
- structural foam molded parts have a sandwich-like structure, ie a more or less compact outer skin and a closed-cell core. They are characterized by favorable material-specific properties and are also economically interesting.
- Structural molded parts have a higher specific stiffness compared to compact molded parts by shifting the moments of inertia into the surface layers of the component. Low warpage, reduced internal stresses and low sink marks allow a largely problem-free production of ribbed molded parts with jumps in wall thickness with high dimensional accuracy.
- thermoplastic foam is generated with the aid of blowing agents, which can be added to the polymer material in different ways and form a single-phase mixture with the melt.
- a quantity of material required to fill the mold cavity is first melted in the plasticizing unit.
- the plasticizing unit or injection unit of a standard injection molding machine is characterized by a cylinder with a nozzle and a screw piston with a non-return valve.
- plasticizing phase plastic granulate is conveyed from the hopper by rotating the screw piston via the non-return valve to the nozzle.
- the plastic material is melted by introducing heat over the cylinder wall of the injection unit.
- the screw plunger simultaneously moves axially against a defined dynamic pressure in the direction of the material hopper and thus releases volume in the screw vestibule.
- the material dosed into the screw antechamber is usually injected into the mold cavity at high speed due to the axial stroke of the screw piston. Triggered by the drop in pressure when the melt flows into the tool, bubbles form as a result of the expansion of the propellant fluid.
- a foam structure is created.
- the foam structure is fixed by cooling processes or heating processes for elastomers and thermosets in the mold. After the remaining cooling phase or residual heating phase has expired, the dimensionally stable molded part is removed from the mold and a new cycle begins.
- the type and amount of blowing agent used determine the achievable foam densities and the system technology required for manufacturing.
- Chemical blowing agents are mixed into the polymer granules in solid form and decompose when heat is applied, with the elimination of one or more fluids, usually nitrogen, carbon dioxide or water. Disadvantages are the decomposition residual products which can lead to degradation of the polymer matrix, reduction of mechanical properties, discolouration in the component and corrosion and contamination of the tool. In addition, due to the relatively low gas yield during decomposition, only limited degrees of foaming can be achieved with chemical blowing agents.
- Fluids that are added directly to the polymer melt are called physical blowing agents. These can be inert gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide, as well as hydrocarbons such as pentane or water. With physical blowing agents, significantly higher degrees of foaming can be achieved. Since there are no decomposition products, neither discoloration nor a loss of mechanical properties are to be expected. In the past, the disadvantage was always the complex system technology and the difficult control of the metering due to the unsteadiness of the injection molding process.
- thermoplastic foam in the injection molding process is the generation of a polymer / blowing agent system under high pressure.
- the propellant fluid is brought into contact with the low-viscosity polymer.
- diffusion processes then take place, which lead to the blowing agent being absorbed into the melt. After a sufficient time, a single-phase polymer / blowing agent system is created.
- One way to dissolve blowing agent very evenly in the polymer is to preload the material with the blowing fluid.
- the polymer is loaded with carbon dioxide using a high-pressure gassing system before the processing process.
- the plastic granules are charged with CO 2 of a defined pressure in an autoclave at room temperature, the polymer absorbing gas due to the difference in concentration and pressure.
- the gas concentration in the polymer is, among other things, a function of the fumigation time.
- the pressure is reduced to ambient pressure and the load dene polymer fed to the injection molding machine via the material hopper.
- the material is melted and homogenized in the plasticizing cylinder, whereby the gas is released as a result of the pressure build-up along the cylinder.
- the polymer foams up due to the rapid reduction in pressure.
- Another method makes it possible to meter in the blowing agent directly in the screw vestibule.
- This process is based on a special gas injection nozzle that is flanged between the cylinder and the injection nozzle (DE-A-198 53 021).
- the core of this nozzle is an annular gap made of porous, gas-permeable sintered metal, through which the melt flows during the injection process.
- a torpedo centered in the melt channel ensures the flow-wise splitting of the melt in front of the annular gap and the merging without dead corners after the flow.
- Static mixing and shearing elements ensure a homogeneous distribution of the polymer-blowing agent mixture if necessary.
- the gas is supplied via a gas metering station, which allows mass flow-controlled variations in the proportion of blowing agent in the melt and thus allows different degrees of foaming.
- Another technology is based on the injection of a physical blowing agent into the plasticizing cylinder of an injection molding machine (EP-A-0 952 908).
- the blowing agent is injected through several axially arranged radial openings in the melt area of the plasticizing cylinder.
- Controllable valves are connected upstream of the openings, which can open and close the connection to the propellant supply.
- a cascade control then correlates the valve control with the screw position during dosing, ie the valves are opened and closed successively. This is an attempt to achieve the most uniform possible injection of the blowing agent into the melt. Long mixing zones ensure concluding for a homogenization of the blowing agent / polymer mixture, which ideally is single-phase before the injection process.
- Another method for foaming plastics is propellant fluid injection in the area of an extruder (EP-A 1 072 375).
- the blowing fluid is metered into the plastic melt through a porous area in the screw of the extruder.
- This process is therefore primarily suitable for the continuous production of plastic profiles using an extrusion process.
- a combination of such an extruder with a piston injection unit is provided.
- the blowing fluid continues to be metered in in the extruder. When implementing a discontinuous process, this means increased mechanical engineering and plant engineering costs as well as the need for a special machine tailored to the requirements.
- the disadvantages of the injection nozzle method are the homogenization of the melt. Consequently, only the injection time is available during the injection process in order to add propellant to the melt. In view of the fact that a high injection speed is generally required in foam injection molding applications in order to generate a large nucleation density, these times may not be sufficient in spite of short diffusion paths in the annular gap in order to achieve adequate and homogeneous sorption.
- the supply of the blowing agent during the metering phase is also problematic since the volume of the melt located in the annular gap is predetermined by the geometry. If the volume of the molded part to be sprayed is now greater than the annular gap volume, the differential volume is not mixed with blowing agent and the foam structure of the molded part is inhomogeneous.
- the need for a special injection molding machine is primarily disadvantageous.
- the cascade control system requires a correlation with the machine control, which is not provided on conventional machines. Since the melt is enriched with blowing agent during the metering phase, during which the screw moves axially backwards, in order to achieve an approximately uniform metering of the blowing fluid in the melt, several gassing ports with the correspondingly complex valve technology are required. This complex system technology not only requires high investment costs. Basically, the complexity of the technology used also increases the susceptibility to faults in the production process and increases the effort for maintenance.
- the invention has for its object to introduce and distribute a physical blowing agent with higher reproducibility and process reliability evenly in the melt flow of an injection molding machine in order to generate a homogeneous polymer / blowing agent solution, using a conventional injection molding machine.
- the object is achieved by the features of claims 1 and 15, respectively.
- the invention advantageously provides that the screw piston downstream of a metering zone has a porous or permeable section which can be acted upon by the blowing agent via a blowing agent supply device in the screw shaft of the screw piston and which introduces the blowing agent flatly into the melt.
- the blowing agent is introduced into the surface of the polymer melt in the porous or permeable section, it is possible to introduce the blowing agent evenly during the metering of the polymer.
- the result is an improved solution behavior due to long diffusion times and large diffusion areas with small diffusion paths.
- a high reproducibility of the injection molding process can be determined regardless of the dosing volume and an optimal use of the blowing agent.
- the invention has the advantage of low investment costs, since no complex special machine is necessary, but only an exchange of the screw piston of the conventional injection molding machine. An extended injection unit is also not necessary.
- a standard length of Injection unit in the range of 20 to 25 times the outer diameter of the screw piston.
- the diameter of the screw piston is reduced in the region of the porous or permeable section of the screw piston. Due to the low pressure level of the polymer melt in the gassing area, the increased screw depth enables the blowing agent to be supplied directly without the need for a dosing station.
- the propellant is preferably supplied to the screw piston during the metering phase via a high-pressure seal housing which radially surrounds the screw piston.
- the physical blowing agent is a fluid.
- the high-pressure seal housing receives the propellant from at least one pressure bottle. This has the advantage that no dosing station is required.
- the high-pressure seal housing moves simultaneously with the axial movement of the screw piston without rotation in the axial direction. Due to the flat, axially moving and rotating gasification area, this enables the blowing agent to be introduced evenly during polymer metering.
- the polymer / blowing agent solution is homogenized while the effective length of the mixing and shear elements of the screw piston is always the same in the course of the gassing.
- the propellant is injected during the dosing phase.
- FIG. Shows a screw piston 2 of an injection molding machine 1 with a screw piston 3 rotating in the injection unit 2 and axially moved during the injection phase.
- the polymer granulate is fed via a material hopper 5 and drawn in by the rotating screw piston 3 in the region of a feed zone 6.
- the screw base is increased by leaps and bounds, ie the diameter of the screw plunger 3 is reduced suddenly.
- a porous or permeable section 16 of the screw plunger 3 is provided, which can be acted upon with a physical blowing agent via a blowing agent supply device 18 and a bore 20, the blowing agent being introduced into the polymer melt across the surface.
- the porous or permeable section 16 serves as the contact surface between the blowing agent and the polymer melt.
- the change in the basic depth of the screw piston leads to a reduction in pressure in this section 16.
- the compressed blowing agent e.g. a propellant fluid is supplied via the bore 20 in the longitudinal axis of the screw piston and one or more radial bore 22 for distribution over the e.g. permeable sintered metal surface supplied.
- the design of the porous or permeable section 16 can, for example, have the shape of a sleeve, a cylinder, a hollow cylinder or consist of at least one plug or ring inserted into the screw piston shaft.
- Porous or permeable section 16 may be made of sintered metal or other permeable material, such as e.g. Ceramic be formed.
- the bores 20, 22 are connected to a propellant supply device 18 upstream of the input funnel 5.
- a sealing housing 24 with a housing core and screwable cover encloses the screw piston 3.
- the seal housing 24 is mounted between a drive device (not shown) for the screw piston 3 and the plasticizing cylinder 2 and is secured against rotation.
- the seal housing 24 moves simultaneously with the axial movement of the screw piston 3.
- the axial stroke of the screw piston 3 corresponds, for example, to three times the diameter of the injection cylinder 2.
- the seal housing 24 has special rotary seals and is by means of Sliding rings centered on the screw piston shaft. Axial displacement of the seal housing 24 is prevented by mechanical clamping elements. Mechanical seals or radial shaft seals can be used as the rotary seals 26.
- One or more radial bores 28 connect the pressure chamber of the propellant supply device 18 with the axial bore 20 in the longitudinal axis of the screw piston 3.
- delivery-promoting shear elements 30 and mixing elements 32 distribute the polymer / blowing agent mixture in a dispersive and distributive manner. Both the geometry of the shear elements 30 and the mixing elements 32 and their sequence of arrangement can differ from the illustration in the single figure.
- the blowing agent supply device 18 preferably receives the blowing agent via commercially available compressed gas cylinders.
- An electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically actuated valve 34 connects the propellant supply, which may have been throttled with the aid of a pressure reducing valve, to the high-pressure seal housing 24 during the metering phase of the polymeric material.
Landscapes
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02740580A EP1387751B1 (de) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-05-10 | Spritzgiessmaschine und spritzgiessverfahren zur herstellung geschäumter formteile |
US10/477,677 US7198748B2 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-05-10 | Injection molding machine and injection molding method for manufacturing foamed shaped parts |
DE50210889T DE50210889D1 (de) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-05-10 | Spritzgiessmaschine und spritzgiessverfahren zur herstellung geschäumter formteile |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01111504.5 | 2001-05-11 | ||
EP01111504A EP1256430A1 (de) | 2001-05-11 | 2001-05-11 | Spritzgiessmaschine und Spritzgiessverfahren zur Herstellung geschäumter Formteile |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002092314A1 true WO2002092314A1 (de) | 2002-11-21 |
Family
ID=8177390
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/004756 WO2002092313A1 (de) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-04-30 | Spritzgiessmaschine und spritzgiessverfahren zur herstellung geschäumter formteile |
PCT/EP2002/005142 WO2002092314A1 (de) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-05-10 | Spritzgiessmaschine und spritzgiessverfahren zur herstellung geschäumter formteile |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/004756 WO2002092313A1 (de) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-04-30 | Spritzgiessmaschine und spritzgiessverfahren zur herstellung geschäumter formteile |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7198748B2 (de) |
EP (2) | EP1256430A1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE372864T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50210889D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2290314T3 (de) |
WO (2) | WO2002092313A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10249314B3 (de) | 2002-10-22 | 2004-04-15 | Peguform Gmbh & Co. Kg I.Ins. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung physikalisch getriebener Strukturschäume im Spritzgießprozess unter Verwendung dynamischer Mischelemente |
EP1676685B1 (de) * | 2004-12-28 | 2008-08-20 | Everfocus Worldwide Co., Ltd. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kontrollieren der Nukleierung von microskopischen Blasen in der Herstellung von flüssigen polymeren Materialien |
TWI382918B (zh) * | 2005-04-19 | 2013-01-21 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | 液態聚矽氧烷橡膠之發泡成形的聚合物元件之製法 |
TW200829409A (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-07-16 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | A method for the manufacture of a moulding composition |
DE502007003920D1 (de) * | 2006-12-14 | 2010-07-08 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | Poröses Dosierelement mit Beschichtung |
CN102514162A (zh) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-06-27 | 浙江华业塑料机械有限公司 | 一种用于注塑机上的螺杆 |
WO2014143170A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Koenig Mark E | Isolation gate |
CN104842529A (zh) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-19 | 浙江海洋学院 | 一种可测物料状态的微发泡螺杆 |
EP3852994B1 (de) * | 2018-09-17 | 2024-01-03 | Trexel, Inc. | Polymerschaumverarbeitungssysteme und -verfahren |
CN110815699A (zh) * | 2019-06-05 | 2020-02-21 | 杭州巨星科技股份有限公司 | 一种微发泡注塑成型工艺 |
CN111823535B (zh) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-12-13 | 青岛科技大学 | 一种超临界流体微发泡螺杆混合装置及方法 |
CN112297326B (zh) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-05-20 | 哈尔滨石油学院 | 寒区混凝土工程用聚氨酯发泡注浆制备装置及制备方法 |
CN113977844B (zh) * | 2021-08-09 | 2023-07-28 | 泰瑞机器股份有限公司 | 一种微发泡注塑机的注气装置 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06339974A (ja) * | 1993-06-01 | 1994-12-13 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | 押出機 |
EP1072375A2 (de) * | 1999-07-23 | 2001-01-31 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Polymerschäumen |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3792839A (en) | 1971-08-23 | 1974-02-19 | Polysar Ltd | Device for the injection of fluid foaming agents into plasticized polymeric material |
US3972970A (en) * | 1974-02-07 | 1976-08-03 | Western Electric Company, Inc. | Method for extruding cellular thermoplastic products |
DD125478A5 (de) * | 1974-12-11 | 1977-04-20 | ||
US4357025A (en) * | 1980-06-09 | 1982-11-02 | General Motors Corporation | Regenerator seal design |
CA2015639C (en) | 1990-04-27 | 1993-08-10 | Changize Sadr | Process and apparatus for molding foamed plastic article |
DE69805957T2 (de) | 1997-01-16 | 2003-01-02 | Trexel, Inc. | Spritzgiessen von mikrozelligem material |
DE19853021B4 (de) | 1998-11-18 | 2006-02-23 | Vereinigung zur Förderung des Instituts für Kunststoffverarbeitung in Industrie und Handwerk an der Rhein.-Westf. Technischen Hochschule Aachen eV | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung geschäumter Kunststoff-Formteile durch Einbringen eines physikalischen Treibmittels in den Schmelzestrom einer konventionellen Spritzgießmaschine |
-
2001
- 2001-05-11 EP EP01111504A patent/EP1256430A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-04-30 WO PCT/EP2002/004756 patent/WO2002092313A1/de active Search and Examination
- 2002-05-10 US US10/477,677 patent/US7198748B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-10 ES ES02740580T patent/ES2290314T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-10 AT AT02740580T patent/ATE372864T1/de active
- 2002-05-10 DE DE50210889T patent/DE50210889D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-10 EP EP02740580A patent/EP1387751B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-10 WO PCT/EP2002/005142 patent/WO2002092314A1/de active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06339974A (ja) * | 1993-06-01 | 1994-12-13 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | 押出機 |
EP1072375A2 (de) * | 1999-07-23 | 2001-01-31 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Polymerschäumen |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1995, no. 03 28 April 1995 (1995-04-28) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE372864T1 (de) | 2007-09-15 |
US7198748B2 (en) | 2007-04-03 |
US20040145074A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
EP1387751A1 (de) | 2004-02-11 |
EP1387751B1 (de) | 2007-09-12 |
DE50210889D1 (de) | 2007-10-25 |
EP1256430A1 (de) | 2002-11-13 |
ES2290314T3 (es) | 2008-02-16 |
WO2002092313A1 (de) | 2002-11-21 |
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