Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
  • E04B7/14—Suspended roofs
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
  • E01D11/00—Suspension or cable-stayed bridges
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a building construction method using a plane lattice typed cable structure. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for construct ing a building bn a long span bridge, a multi-stage building of a steel frame, a shell structure, or large-sized transmission towers using a plane lattice type cable structure.
• a long span bridge a suspension bridge or a cable staged bridge
• cables are mounted in a horizontal plane lattice form using cable fixing devices mounted to abutments, and a plurality of bridge upper plates are put and joined on an upper portion of the lattice type cable to construct the long span bridge without main towers.
• the plane lattice type cable is mounted at the exterior pillars on lower surfaces of the slab steel frames so that a slab is constructed without any interior pillars.
• the plane lattice type cable structure for connecting roof frame pillars and other pillars is mounted, lateral beams, hinge beams and longitudinal beams are installed, and the shell structure such as a roof is installed on the pillars and on an upper surface of the cable structure, so that the large- sized shell structure is constructed without installing many more intermediate reinforced beams, such as the lateral beams or the longitudinal beams.
• pillars for transmission tower are installed at a minimum instead of the large-sized transmission towers, the plane lattice type cable structure is installed on the pillars, and transmission wires are connected to the cable structure with electric insulators to distribute load by the wires' own weiglit without installing the large-sized transmission towers.
• various buildings can be constructed using the plane lattice type cable structure.
• a plurality of main towers 10 and bridge upper plates 105 are installed on abutments or piers 5 104, and cables 20 for connecting the main towers and the bridge upper plates are installed radially or in the form of a harp or a fan as in a suspension bridge or a cable staged bridge.
• the bridge upper plates are hung on the cables, and external load applied to the bridge upper plates is transmitted to the main towers through the cables, and thereby the long span bridge can be constructed.
• the above bridge construction method has a disadvantage that it is needed to install enormous temporary equipments (in case of a bridge crossing a wide river, because main tower foundations are installed at regular intervals in the river to install the main towers, a temporary coffering work must be carried out to installed the main tower foundations and a temporary road for the temporary coffering work must be constructed across the river, 5 expenses for installing the main towers occupy a high percentage in construction expenses of a substructure of the bridge.) to install the main towers for fixing or hinging the cables.
• the above bridge construction method has another disadvantage that because the main towers bear most of loads applied to the bridge, the bridge becomes high as the span of the bridge becomes long, and thereby, an occurrence rate of accidents is increased due to an increase of 0 an aerial lifting work.
• the suspension bridge because torsional rigidity becomes weak due to wind load as the span becomes long, a thickness of the bridge upper plates must be increased to solve the above problem, and thereby, bridge construction expenses are increased and there is a restriction in maximizing the span.
• Furthennore in the conventional steel-framed multi-stage building construction 5 method, after a plurality of exterior pillars are installed, lateral beams and longitudinal beams are installed, and then, a deck plate is installed to construct a slab.
• a fixed load(dead load) is increased as the building becomes higher and larger, the number of the interior pillars for bearing load of the slab is increased, and thereby construction expenses are increased.
• there is a method for reducing the number of the pillars by increasing material stiffness of the pillar but it has a restriction.
• a plurality of lateral beams and longitudinal beams are installed on the roof frame pillars, and lastly a roof is put on the lateral beams and longitudinal beams.
• a solid truss is installed on the roof frame pillars and then the roof is put on the solid truss.
• construction expenses are all the more increased.
• the installation of the truss costs a great deal.
• large-sized transmission towers are installed at regular intervals to bear load by mass storage power transmission wires. Most of the transmission towers are installed via mountainous areas, and so construction expenses are increased.
• the bridge upper plates are joined and put on an upper surface of the plane lattice type cable structure.
• the plane lattice type cable structure is installed on lower surfaces of slab steel frames, so that the slab steel frames bear compression force and the cables bear tension force. Because the slab steel frame can bear external load applied to the slab, the number of the interior pillars can be reduced, and thereby the present invention can solve the problems by large-sized or high-rise steel frame buildings.
• the plane type cable structure is installed on the roof frame pillars and beams to bear load of the roof transmitted through the beams, and thereby, the shell structure like a large-sized roof can be easily constructed. Additionally, because the number of the transmission pillars is minimized and the plane type cable structure is fixed on the pillars and the power transmission wires are installed to the plane type cable structure using electric insulators, the large-sized transmission towers are not needed, and thereby, installation expenses of the transmission towers are saved. Furthennore, because the plane type cable structure can support other loaded structures, intennediate structures like the many more interior frame pillars are not needed.
• the present invention relates to a construction method for finishing a building by minimizing intennediate supporting structures using a plane lattice type cable structure in constructing various buildings, such as long span bridges, steel-framed multi-stage buildings, shell structures and large-sized transmission towers.
• FIG. 1 illustrates an elevation view of a bridge (a cable staged bridge) constructed using conventional cables
• FIGS. 2a to 2c illustrate conceptual views of a long span bridge constructed using a plane lattice type cable structure according to the present invention and of a modification of the long span bridge;
• FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate conceptual views of a connection type of a bridge upper plate installed on the plane lattice type cable structure according to the present invention
• FIGS. 4a to 4g illustrate modifications that the plane lattice type cable structure of the present invention is used to the long span bridge;
• FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate conceptual views of an embodiment that the plane lattice type cable structure of the present invention is used to a steel-framed multi-stage building
• FIG. 6 illustrates a conceptual view of an embodiment that the plane lattice type cable structure of the present invention is used to a shell structure
• FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate conceptual views of an embodiment that the plane lattice type cable structure of the present invention is used to large-sized transmission towers; and FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate views of devices(a saddle type and an anchor connection type) for compensating expansion and contraction of cables of the plane lattice type cable structure according to the present invention.
• FIGS. 2 through 8 preferred embodiments by kinds of buildings or structures to apply a plane lattice type cable stmcture according to the present invention will be described in detail.
• the plane lattice type cable structure according to the present invention is manufactured in a wire net fonn made by crossing cables, i.e., steel wires, steel bars or strands in a lattice type.
• cables i.e., steel wires, steel bars or strands in a lattice type.
• the preferred embodiments by kinds of the buildings or stmctures(long span bridges, steel-framed multi-stage buildings, large-sized shell structures and large-sized transmission towers), to which the plane lattice type cable structure is applied, will be described.
• Embodiment 1 (long span bridge)
• FIG. 2a illustrates a conceptual view showing a state that the plane lattice type cable structure 100 of the present invention is applied to the long span bridge.
• Main cables 101 of the plane lattice type cable structure according to the present invention are fixed to cable fixing devices 103, which are installed at regular intervals between both riversides, to be installed across the river.
• Piers 104 are installed at the center of the river to offset bending moment due to deflection of the main cables of long span.
• the number of the piers and cable fixing devices can be adjusted according to a width of the river, or the piers may not be installed according to material stiffness of the main cables, a foundation form of the cable fixing devices, and the width(W) of the river.
• a plurality of hanger cables 102 for preventing longitudinal displacement of the main cables and serving as a supporter of bridge upper plates are installed to the main cables at right angles to the main cables at regular intervals, so that the main cables and the hanger cables are generally fonned in a lattice type to fonn the plane lattice type cable 100 structure according to the present invention.
• the hanger cables 102 are installed along the entire length of the main cables at the regular intervals in a rectangular direction to the main cables. However, as shown in FIG.
• the hanger cables are installed to the main cables at regular intervals from both ends of the main cables, and auxiliary hanger cables 109 are installed between the hanger cables of both ends at regular intervals in a direction that the main cables are installed.
• the main cables can be installed by installing piers without any intennediate supporters.
• damper pillars 106 not for distributing tension of the main cables due to load of the bridge upper plates installed on the cables but for offsetting vibration due to external load(wind or others) for simply supporting the centers of the main cables can be installed.
• a width(D) of the plane lattice type cable structure made by the main cables and the hanger cables can be adjusted according to size and length of the bridge upper plates 105 to be installed. As shown in FIG.2a, the width(D) of the plane lattice type cable structure must be larger than the width of the bridge upper plates at least. Therefore, differently from a construction method for constructing a suspension bridge or a cable staged bridge for connecting cables through main towers, the present invention does not need the main towers.
• the present invention can provide beautiful outward appearance, reduce constmction expenses due to the construction of the main towers, solve a problem of obstruction of a visual field by the main towers, and prevent accidents due to an aerial lifting work.
• FIGS.2a and 2b which are a plan view and an elevation view showing a bridge that the bridge upper plates are joined and put on the plane lattice type cable structure
• the bridge upper plates 105 are installed at the center of the hanger cables, going across the river, at right angles to a direction that the hanger cables are installed.
• FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate a connection fonn of the bridge upper plates 105. That is, as shown in FIG. 3a, in case that the plural bridge upper plates are joined and installed, tooth- shaped ends of the bridge upper plates are engaged with each other, and connection bars 107 are inserted through the tooth-shaped connection parts, and thereby the bridge upper plates 105 can be easily installed.
• the bridge upper plates are manufactured in the fonn of an I- type girder or a box type girder, and then, installed at a construction site.
• FIG. 3b illustrates a conceptual view of a connection between the bridge upper plates and the hanger cables of the plane lattice type cable structure using cable fixing means 108. That is, the rectangular cable fixing means for supporting the connected parts of the bridge upper plates are disposed at a lower surface of the connected parts of the bridge upper plates, which are connected by the connection bars, in the direction that the hanger cables are installed.
• FIGS. 4a through 4g illustrate modifications of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• two horizontal main cables 110 are installed crossing the river horizontally
• inclined main cables 111 are installed slantingly to both sides from a plurality of cable fixing devices at trisected portions of the main cables
• hanger cables 102 are installed perpendicularly at the trisected portions, so that a radial plane lattice type cable structure is manufactured, hi this case, the bridge upper plates 105 are joined and installed between the two horizontal main cables at right angles to the hanger cables.
• the radial plane lattice type cable stmcture can allow the cable fixing devices to be easily installed, and minimize dead load and live load acting to the bridge upper plates because securing an angle of inclination between the cable fixing device and the bridge upper plate to the maximum if foundation bearing force to support tension of the plural horizontal and inclined main cables can be expected.
• the radial plane lattice type cable structure can rninimize the thickness of the bridge upper plates because minimizing axial force of the bridge upper plates.
• the radial plane lattice type cable stmcture has a disadvantage that connection parts between the inclined main cables 111 and the horizontal main cables 110 must be reinforced because load from the bridge upper plates 105 is concentrated on the trisected portions of the two horizontal main cables 110.
• the inclined main cables 111 may be formed in a harp shape as shown in FIG. 4b, or in a fan shape(which has the connection parts having intervals narrower than that of the harp shape) as shown in FIG. 4c.
• the inclined main cables may be formed in a star shape in such a manner that a plurality of connection parts are formed between the horizontal main cables and the inclined main cables and the inclined main cables connected slantingly to the two horizontal main cables are gathered at each point of four sides.
• FIG. 4e illustrates a stmcture that two or more types shown in FIGS. 4a to 4d are combined(a combined structure for multi-span).
• the inclined main cables 111 are installed radially at both sides of the river, and at the center of the river, the inclined main cables 111 are connected and supported to the piers 104.
• FIG. 4f showing another modification of the first embodiment can be used when the piers cannot be installed at the center of the river.
• the inclined main cables 111 are installed radially at both sides of the river. At this time, the inclined main cables are installed in such a manner that the inclined main cables extend to the opposite bridge upper plate, crossing each other.
• the bridge upper plates of FIGS.4e and 4f are installed in the same way as the FIGS. 4ato 4d.
• FIG. 4g illustrates another modification of the first embodiment.
• the horizontal main cables 110 are installed between front ends of auxiliary pillars 112 installed near both abutments, and hanger cables 102 are installed between the horizontal main cables at regular intervals at right angles to the direction that the horizontal main cables are installed, so that the hanger cables are inclined downward between the main cables 110.
• the bridge upper plates 105 are installed at the center of the hanger cables in the same way as the first embodiment and the above modifications.
• the auxiliary pillars are installed on the abutments, but it is very useful when the cable fixing devices cannot be installed due to an insufficient space for installing the horizontal main cables.
• a size and a height of the auxiliary pillars can be adjusted according to the interval between the horizontal main cables and the size of the bridge upper plate. That is, the horizontal main cables are not fixed at both sides of the piers by the cable fixing devices, but the auxiliary pillars serve as the horizontal main cable fixing devices.
• the plurality of hanger cables are installed downward slantingly at right angles to the horizontal main cables installed between the auxiliary pillars, the bridge upper plates are installed at central upper portions of the hanger cables, and auxiliary hanger cables 109 are installed between the hanger cables in the direction that the horizontal main cables are installed.
• the plane lattice type cable stmcture of the first embodiment may be utilized in not only the bridge but also various long span structures for installing a cable supporting structure, such as structures for installing a railway, an overpass, an overbridge, a monorail or a viaduct of a valley, or bridges for installing oil pipes, gas pipes or others.
• a cable supporting structure such as structures for installing a railway, an overpass, an overbridge, a monorail or a viaduct of a valley, or bridges for installing oil pipes, gas pipes or others.
• the plane lattice type cable structure may be utilized also when the plane lattice type cable structure is installed slantingly from the top to the bottom of the valley and a stairway, a banier or a roadway is installed between the hanger cables.
• the overpass is installed when the existing road cannot be expanded even though there is much traffic.
• traffic must be interrupted to install a plurality of piers for the overpass above the existing roadway, and so, it is necessary to rniiiimize the number of the piers for the overpass.
• the piers must be scaled up to secure sufficient bearing force, and thereby the constmction expenses are increased.
• the long span overpass can be constructed without scale-up of the piers and the bridge upper plates for the overpass.
• the main cables and the hanger cables are installed in the same way as the long span bridge.
• Embodiment 2 (steel-framed multi-stage building)
• FIG. 5a illustrates a conceptual view of an embodiment that the plane lattice type cable structure according to the present invention is applied to a slab steel frame of a steel- framed multi-stage building. That is, a plurality of slab steel frames 203 are installed between exterior pillars 204 to finish a slab steel frame, and as shown in FIG. 5b, the plane lattice type cable structure of the present invention is installed on a lower surface of the slab steel frame.
• the plane lattice type cable structure 200 is finished in such a manner that main cables 201 are connected to the exterior pillars, and hanger cables 202 are installed between the main cables at regular intervals, so that the hanger cables can prevent movement of the main cables.
• the slab steel frame supports compression force due to external load applied to a slab and the cables installed on the lower portion supports tension force
• the slab can be finished without many more interior pillars installed on the slab. That is, if the slab is widened, it is necessary to reduce bending moment by deflection due to self-weight and live load of the slab by standing a plurality of internal pillars inside the exterior pillars.
• the process for installing the internal pillars can be omitted.
• the plane lattice type cable structure according to the second embodiment can be utilized in not only the steel-framed multi-stage building but also the ceiling of an underground stmcture or building, i.e., an underground passage, an underground road, or a structure for covering the river.
• Embodiment 3 (shell structure)
• FIG. 6 is a conceptual view of an embodiment that the plane lattice type cable structure according to the present invention is applied to a roof frame of a large-sized shell structure. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the plane lattice type cable structure is formed in such a manner that a plurality of main cables 301 are connected between roof frame pillars 303, central portions of a plurality of hinge beams 306 are fixed to main cables, and a plurality of hanger cables 302 are connected to inner ends of the hinge beams 306 and fixed to opposite hinge beams. Lateral beams 304 and longitudinal beams 305 are fixed and connected to outer sides of the hinge beams 306 to form a rectangular plane lattice type net.
• the hanger cables are connected to the hinge beams in the form of a lattice, the whole shape of the main cables and the hanger cables becomes a plane lattice type cable stmcture 300.
• the large-sized shell structure ⁇ dome type roof stmcture or a plate type roof stmcture) is installed on an upper surface of the cable structure.
• the shell stmcture generally, all external loads are transmitted to a structure for supporting between shells and considerable tension force is applied to the supporting structure. To support such tension force, a thiclcness and flexural rigidity of the supporting structure must be great.
• the present invention uses the main cables and the hanger cables favorable to support tension force, the length and thiclcness of the lateral beams and longitudinal beams to be installed on the roof pillars can be minimized while securing flexural rigidity.
• the third embodiment can be utilized in not only shell structures such as a dome type sports stadium, a greenhouse and a vinyl house but also a wind brake stmcture for a windmill for wind power generation.
• FIG. 7a and 7b illustrate a conceptual view of an embodiment that the plane lattice type cable structure according to the present invention is applied to transmission towers.
• equipments for power transmission i.e., high-voltage wires for transmitting electric power and transmission towers for supporting the high-voltage wires at several intervals are needed.
• the transmission towers are generally manufactured in a large-sized solid truss form.
• the transmission towers pass via rivers or mountains, their installation costs a great deal. Therefore, lots of the high- voltage wires are connected to the transmission towers if possible.
• transmission pillars 403 are installed at a minimum, plane type main cables 401 are connected between the transmission pillars, and hanger cables 402 or angles are installed on the main cables at regular intervals crossing each other.
• Electric insulators 404 for connecting transmission wires are installed at upper portions or lower portions of the center of the hanger cables or the angles.
• FIG. 7b illustrates another modification of the plane lattice type cable stmcture used in the transmission towers.
• the plane lattice type cable stmcture of FIG. 7a is made in a horizontal plane type but the plane lattice type cable stmcture of FIG. 7b is made in a longitudial plane type. Because also the longitudial type cable stmcture distributes load by the electric wires to each connected parts of the pillars, the size and volume of the pillars may beix ⁇ iimized.
• the plane lattice type cable structure of the forth embodiment can be utilized in installing a net for supporting fruit trees and for preventing damages by birds and beasts in an orchard, installing cable cars or lifts in a skiing ground. That is, in case of the net for preventing damages by birds and beasts, a plurality of pillars for supporting the net are installed around the fruit trees, main cables are installed horizontally between the pillars, the hanger cables are installed crossing the main cables, and then the net is installed. Because the main cables and the hanger cables can bear load of the net sufficiently, the large-sized net can be easily installed even though the number of the pillars is reduced to the minimum.
• the supporting towers or pillars are installed at a minimum, the main cables and the hanger cables are connected, cable connection means(connection rods for connecting the cables for the cable cars and the cables for the lifts to the hanger cables) are installed on the hanger cables, and then the cable cars and lifts are installed.
• the main cables and hanger cables for the cable cars and the lifts are installed in the same way as the large-sized transmission towers.
• the cables hi the construction of the long span bridge, the steel-framed multi-stage building, the large-sized shell structure or the large-sized transmission towers using the plane lattice type cable 100, 200, 300 or 400 according to the present invention, when the main cables and the hanger cables are installed, the cables may be expanded or contracted by material characteristics of the cables due to external environments(temperature or humidity). Therefore, there may occur stress such as tension force unexpected in a designing step of the main cables. Referring to FIG. 8a and 8b, devices 500 and 600 for compensating deformation due to expansion and contraction of the cables will be described.
• FIG. 8a illustrate a conceptual view of a thermal expansion and contraction device 500(saddle type) of installed at a point 503 where the cable is fixed.
• the device includes a thermal expansion spring 501 mounted at the point 503, and a roller 502 mounted at an end of an upper portion of the thermal expansion spring 501. That is, to compensate expansion and contraction of the cable according to the external environments, the spring expanded and contracted according to the external environments is used. Therefore, if the cable is expanded due to high temperature, the cable becomes loose and tension of the cable is reduced. So, if the spring is expanded upward to compensate the reduced tension(as much as an extent to compensate the reduced tension), the cable is tightened again, and thereby the reduced tension can be compensated. Moreover, if tension of the cable is increased due to low temperature, the spring is contracted to compensate the increased tension as less as the contracted length of the spring.
• FIG. 8b illustrates a conceptual view of a thermal expansion and contraction device
• the thermal expansion and contraction device 600 includes anchors 601 and a thermal expansion spring 602 mounted at positions where the cables are connected. If the cables are contracted due to high temperature, there occurs compression force to the cables according to the contracted amount, and the compression force is compensated by elasticity of the spring, and tliereby, the defonnation of the cables according to the external environments can be compensated. If the external temperature is lowered, the deformation of the cables can be compensated contrary to the above.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-04-18 KR KR10-2001-0020799A patent/KR100422298B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2002
  • 2002-04-04 EP EP02714602A patent/EP1386038A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-04-04 WO PCT/KR2002/000601 patent/WO2002086241A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-04-04 CN CNA028084004A patent/CN1503876A/zh active Pending
  • 2002-04-04 US US10/475,050 patent/US20040123408A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-04-04 JP JP2002583749A patent/JP2004523684A/ja active Pending

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