WO2002084412A1

WO2002084412A1 - A planet-solar day decimal timepiece

Info

Publication number: WO2002084412A1
Application number: PCT/CN2001/001287
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gangming Yan
Original assignee: Gangming Yan
Priority date: 2001-04-18
Filing date: 2001-08-27
Publication date: 2002-10-24
Also published as: CN1314622A; CN1195249C

Abstract

A planet-solar day decimal timepiece is provided. The dial is provided with a second hand, minute hand and hour hand defined according to the solar day. The axis of hands is installed at the center of the dial, and the hour hand's scale is marked on the circle according to the spherical latitude circle, the scale of second hand and minute hand is marked on the circle according to the spherical longitude circle. The hands described above rotate in the anti-clockwise direction. The dial is also provided with an indictor, for indicting the phase of the moon and moved forward 1 scale per 10 hours by the hour hand, a mark for the phase of the moon according to the indictor, or a Chinese traditional calendar index ring, as well as a longitude dial for indicting the time of ten times zones of the globe in synchronism. The present invention indicts the time more simply, directly and visualized.

Description

Planetary Sun Day Decimal Timing Device Technical Field

The present invention relates to a timing device, in particular to a planetary solar day decimal timing device divided in decimal. Background technique

Since the invention of the mechanical clock in the fourteenth century, the timepieces have indeed brought endless convenience to people in life, work, study and scientific research. However, for a long time, the development of clock technology has been limited to changing models, increasing auxiliary functions and improving accuracy. In terms of the definition, division, standard, specification, and description of the principle of "time" units and the use of clock design principles, they have stagnated in ancient primitive understanding and thinking. The blueprint of the first generation of human mechanical products ) Continues to the twenty-first century.

The base of traditional timekeeping devices (including clocks and digital display electronic watches) still in use today is: 1 day = 24 hours

= 24X60 points = 1440 points

= 24X60X60 seconds = 86400 seconds

(Referred to as 24X60X60 for short, the same below).

In people's actual life and work, they often feel the inconvenience caused by the inconsistent bases between the time units used, and sometimes require more complicated calculations or conversions, which are specifically manifested in:

(1) The current 24X60X60 system and double-circumferential pointer clocks are difficult for children and young people to learn and master the relationship between the hours, minutes, and seconds of a day. See Table 1, columns 1, 2, and 3.

(2) In a closed room environment, such as in a basement, because the time cannot be indirectly sensed from outside light or other conditions, the observer cannot immediately know the actual time from the 12-dial dial, such as when the pointer points to 5 o'clock, It is difficult for the watch watcher to determine whether it is 5 am or 5 pm (except for the surface with upper and afternoon instructions).

(3) The daily conversion is troublesome. For example, when converting 7:24 or 7:30 to decimal, you must first convert 24 minutes or 30 minutes in 60 decimal to decimal:

That is 7 hours and 24 minutes = 7 + 24 + 60 = 7 + 0.4 = 7.4 hours

7 hours and 30 minutes = 7 + 30 + 60 = 7 + 0.5 = 7.5 hours (4). It is complicated in astronomical calculations. If we now know that a solar day on Pluto is 6.39 days on earth, when we want to express it in hours, minutes and seconds, we need to convert it as follows-hour = 0.39 X 24 = 9: + 0.36

Points = 0.36X 60 = 21 '+0.6

Second = 0.6 X 60 = 36 "

That is 6.39 days = 6 days, 9 hours, 21 minutes, and 36 seconds.

See Table 1, columns 1, 2 and p.

(5). It is difficult to convert when calculating the value related to the time unit. For example, when you are driving a car traveling at 100 kilometers per hour, you can't quickly determine how many meters per second? It is calculated after the following steps:

Because 1 hour = 60 X 60 seconds = 3600 seconds

100 kilometers = 100X1000 meters = 100000 meters

So 100000 meters ÷ 3600 seconds 27.78 meters / second

Another example, how many kilometers per hour can a car run at 33 meters per second?

Because 1 hour = 60X 60 seconds = 3600 seconds

So 3600 seconds X 33 meters / second = 118800 meters / hour

118,800 meters I hour ÷ 1000 meters = 118.8 kilometers I hour

The above example is difficult for ordinary people to calculate directly and quickly.

(6) At present, we use the "Earth Day" as the time astronomical unit for the time of the planet's solar day in the measurement system. However, when the hours, minutes and seconds are set, since the 24X60X60 is used, obviously, "astronomy" is immediately lost Convenience of "unit". See Table 1 column 1.

Currently used dual-circle day clocks, although some products have small hands or windows on the dial to indicate the moon phase or the lunar calendar, and different styles, but they do not directly reflect the real-time geometric position and orbit of the moon and time zone points , So little effect.

In addition, the current analog double-circumferential day clocks, some of which use dual-type, size, and table-in-time to simultaneously display time in other time zones. Add, for example, the solar clock with patent number 98226105.5, because the time zone indication is fixed. Although it is a long time, it is not intuitive. When it is used in the time zone below the dial, it will be difficult to read. Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to change the traditional timekeeping method, and provide a planetary solar day decimal timekeeping device that is more in line with human visual physiology, conditioned reflection, and discrimination ability, and more visual and cultural, so as to be simpler, more direct, Recognize time visually; grasp and use time more reasonably, fully, and realistically.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a planetary solar day decimal time counting device, which is characterized in that the dial is provided with a second hand, a minute hand and a time hand defined according to the solar day, the needle shaft is set at the center of the dial, and the hour hand scale is marked on The second hand and minute hand scales are marked on the circumference line corresponding to the latitude circle of the celestial body. The hour hand circle is divided into 10 equal marks, and the center angle of each circle is 36 °. The fan-shaped area corresponds to each time zone area separated by 1 hour, and the minute and second hands are divided into 100 equal division marks. The above seconds, minutes, and hour hands move circularly in the counterclockwise direction of the traditional watch, where the second hand moves one The lap is 100 seconds, the minute hand is 100 minutes, and the hour hand is 10 hours.

The solar day is divided into decimals. One solar day is 10 hours, each hour is 100 minutes, and each minute is 100 seconds. The hour consists of 0 to 9 digits or scales; the minutes consist of 0 to 99 100 digits or scales. The seconds consist of 100 digits or scales from 0 to 99, and the letter d on the display panel of the timing device is used to distinguish the hour, minute, and second of the solar day from the traditional 24X 60 X 60 system, that is:

Every 1 solar day = 10 d hours (dh)

= 10X 100 d points = 1000 d points (dmin)

= 10X 100X 100 d seconds = 100. 000 d seconds (ds),

One hundred thousandth of the time of a "flat solar day" on Earth is one astronomical second.

"0" seconds, "0" minutes, and "0" hours are set directly below the dial, and the corresponding 0-9 hour scale values and

0 to 99 minutes and seconds are sorted in the same order.

The dial is provided with a moon phase indicator hand that advances by 1 scale every 10 hours and the corresponding moon phase indicator or agricultural calendar scale ring. The start and stop scales are located above the dial, and the direction of rotation is the same as that of the second and minute hands. The movement direction of the hour hand is the same.

The moon phase mark or the agricultural calendar scale ring is set outside the circumference of the celestial red circle of the minute and second scales, and the axes of the second hand, minute hand, hour hand, and moon hand are all on the same axis.

On the needle shaft, there is also a global longitude dial for synchronous operation of ten time zones around the world. The dial and hour hand can be adjusted separately; the outer circle of the dial is engraved with a scale that divides 360 ° longitude into ten equal divisions, each divided into a time zone, covering 36 ° Center angle projection surface.

Near the edge of the longitude dial is a scale engraved with 360 'longitude in equal parts, each with a 3.6' center angle. The dial and hour hand move forward by 1 scale every 10 minutes. The main area of the dial can be marked in the sector time zone of the turntable. The place name of the city, and the longitude corresponding to the city is marked with a color line on the longitude ring.

The geometric positions of the hour hand and the longitude dial time zone can be synchronized with the hour, minute, and second tick marks, and the time and time difference of the ten global time zones can be converted in real time.

The solar day decimal time of the device can be displayed in full digital.

The dial is provided with a 24-hour digital time display window corresponding to the ten-hour decimal of the same solar day.

The contribution of the present invention is that it completely changes the traditional timing method and device, and provides people with a timing device that is completely different from the existing timing device, has a simple structure, is straightforward to use, easy to read and practical, and has a rich content. appears in:

I. Because the hours, minutes, and seconds are measured in decimal, the conversion is omitted. It is concise, practical, and fast in life, work, study, and scientific research:

1. At any time and the environment, the observer can directly know whether the time is in the afternoon or in the afternoon (because it is the morning before 5 o'clock and the afternoon after 5 o'clock).

2. The actual displayed time value can be directly incorporated into the daily decimal calculation. For example, 7:24 and 7:30 can be written as 7.24 and 7.30.

3. It is simple and fast when performing numerical conversion related to time unit. If you drive a car with a speed of 240 kilometers per hour, you immediately know that it is 24 meters per day.

4. Be precise about the time left on the day. If it is 7:24, you can see that 2. 76 d hours remain.

5. Time measurement is unified and belongs to the decimal metric system. For resource sharing, truly understanding time, using time, and cherishing time have inestimable positive significance.

Second, because the second is the basic unit of timing, converting the data to the second value area during astronomical calculations will make the next step convenient and fast. Due to the elimination of conversion, it has inestimable resource cost-effectiveness for research, design, and manufacture of clock-controlled soft and hard facilities. See Table 1 for characteristics of columns 8, 7, 6, and 5.

Third, because the second is the basic unit of timing, the number of second units that make up each day increases by 13,600 d seconds, that is, the accuracy rate is increased by 15.74%, which is conducive to the development of science and technology and progress. 4. The "anti-clockwise" rotation of the hands and the addition of a coaxial moon hand make the celestial phenomenon of the sun and the moon bright and simple, which is directly confirmed on the disk surface.

5. Since the moon hand is pushed every ten hours by the hour hand, you only need to adjust the month to the corresponding moon phase and the agricultural calendar once a day. Therefore, the structure is simple and the production cost is reduced.

6. As the hand rotates "counterclockwise" and adds a synchronized running time zone longitude dial, real-time display and synchronization can be compared directly and easily to the time in all time zones around the world.

7. Since the present invention has a ten-time zone synchronous display function, the virtual sun S can be directly above the hour scale "5 o'clock" in the mid-sky position, and the circle of the minute and second scales can be regarded as the "red circle" of the earth. The axis is regarded as the ground axis (not considering the tilt of the ground axis), so the dial has the effect of simulating space-time. Brief description of the drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dial structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the moon phase indicator needle and the moon phase mark or the agricultural calendar scale ring of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a longitude dial.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dial structure provided with a 24-hour digital time display window according to the present invention. Best practice

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and a preferred embodiment. The present invention proposes the concept of a planetary solar day, specifies the measurement standard of the solar day, and accordingly proposes a decimal solar day time counting device. The planetary solar day of the present invention is preferably a decimal mathematical rule, and a solar day is defined as 10 hours, 100 minutes per hour, and 100 seconds per minute, where the hour is composed of 0 to 9 tens or scales; the minute is composed of 0 to It consists of 100 digits or scales of 99; seconds consists of 100 digits or scales of 0 to 99. In order to distinguish the solar day from the hours, minutes, and seconds of the traditional 24X 60X 60 format, the letter d (for the decimal initials) is marked on the display panel of the timing device, g 卩:

Every 1 solar day = 10 d hours (dh)

= 10 X 100 d points = 1000 d points (dmin)

= 10 X 100 X 100 d seconds = 100. 000 d seconds (ds), One hundred thousandth of the time of a "flat solar day" on Earth is one astronomical second.

In addition to the earth, when the time of each planet is displayed, it is preceded by the first letter of English to indicate the difference. The invention also defines an astronomical time unit, that is, one 100,000th time interval of one "flat solar day" of the earth is one astronomical second. Each d second time interval corresponding to each planet is defined as: one astronomical second multiplied by the number of days of each solar day relative to the earth's solar day, and the conversion system in the table corresponds to the space-time use of different celestial bodies. The above time interval is expressed by the function analytical expression:

y 100000.

Among them, 100000 is a constant one planet every 1 solar day = 10 d hours = 1000 d minutes = 100000 d seconds. X is the ratio of the independent variable 1 Earth day interval to the planet 1 solar day interval.

Function of X y—the number of "Earth seconds" corresponding to 1 solar day for each planet.

A "flat solar day" of the earth is 100,000 seconds of earth d. This time interval is equivalent to the time interval of 86400 seconds in the currently used 24-hour system. See the entire row and columns 7, 8 and 9 of Table 1E.

Figure 1 shows the overall structure of a planetary solar day decimal timekeeping device designed according to the above time measurement and base standard. As shown in the figure, the device has a circular dial 10 with a seconds hand 11 defined according to the solar day. The minute hand 12 and the hour hand 13 are set at the center of the dial, which is equivalent to the rotation axis of the celestial body, and the hour hand scale is marked on the circumference line 14, which corresponds to the latitude circle of the celestial body. The hour hand circle is divided into 10 equal division marks, and the center angle of each division is 36 degrees. The sector of each division corresponds to the time zone area separated by 1 hour. The intersection of the hour hand and the latitude circle is the longitude point (position) on the planet where the body is located. One rotation of the hour hand indicates that the reference body rotates one circle (ie, one solar day) with the sphere. The second and minute hands are marked on circle 15, which corresponds to the celestial circle of redness. Mark the minute, second hand, and 100 minute divisions around the circumference. Different from the traditional timing device, the seconds, minutes and hours mentioned above make a circular motion in the counterclockwise direction of the traditional watch. It and the natural movement of planets and satellites around the sun and rotation (except for the special cases of Venus and other individual satellites). Consistent. One second is 100 seconds, one minute is 100 minutes, and one hour is 10 hours.

The "0" second, "0" minute, and "0" hour positions on the dial are set directly below the dial (the plane coordinates are displayed as south), indicating that the time of day starts from the "0" second at midnight, and the seconds, minutes and hours are all The circular motion is from south to east to north to west to south (compared to the traditional table, that is, counterclockwise movement). The corresponding 0 to 9 hour scale values and 0 to 99 minute seconds scale values are sorted in the same order.

As shown in Figure 2, the dial is provided with a moon phase indicator hand 16 which is moved forward by 1 scale every 10 hours And the corresponding moon phase mark or agricultural calendar scale ring 17, its start and stop scales are located above the dial, and the direction of rotation is consistent with the movement of the second, minute and hour hands. The moon phase indicator or the agricultural calendar scale ring is set outside the circumference of the celestial red circle of the minute and second scales. The axis of the second hand, minute hand, hour hand, and moon hand are all on the same axis. The moon hand can be used to intuitively reflect the real-time geometric position and orbit of the moon and time zone points.

As shown in FIG. 3, the needle shaft is also provided with a global ten-time zone synchronous operation longitude dial 20, which is synchronized with the hour hand and can be adjusted independently. It complies with the definition of "Noon" in the Greenwich prime meridian, and Date change line 180 ° east longitude is the midpoint of the "0" time zone, 0 ° east longitude and 180 ° west longitude. Arrange half a time zone every 18 °, and 10 time zones from 1 to 9 every 36 °. There are scales 21 that divide 360 ° longitude into ten equal divisions, each of which is divided into a time zone, covering a 36 ° center angle projection surface. That is, the international date change line, east and west longitude 180 ° as the center line;

162 ° west longitude to 162 ° east longitude is the "0" time zone;

East longitude 162. 126 ° east longitude is the "1" time zone;

126 ° E to 90 ° E is the "2" time zone;

"3" time zone from 90 ° east longitude to 54 ° east longitude;

54 ° east longitude to 18 ° east long is the "4" time zone;

18 ° east longitude to 18 ° west longitude is the "5" time zone,

And the time zone midline follows the meaning of Greenwich's prime meridian as "noon";

"6" time zone from 18 ° west to 54 ° west longitude;

54 ° W to 90 ° W is the "7" time zone;

"8" time zone from 90 ° west to 126 ° west longitude;

126 ° west to 162 ° west is the "9" time zone.

Near the edge of the longitude dial is engraved with a scale that divides 360 ° longitude into 100 equal parts, each with a center angle of 3.6 degrees. The turntable and the hour hand move forward by 1 scale every 10 minutes. The main area of the turntable sector can be marked The place name of the city, and the longitude corresponding to the city is marked with a color line on the longitude ring. The geometric positions of the hour hand and the longitude dial time zone can be displayed in synchronization with the hour, minute, and second tick marks, and the time and time difference in ten time zones around the world can be converted in real time.

The solar day decimal time of the device can be displayed in full digital.

In order to compare with the existing 24-hour base, the dial of the planetary solar day decimal time counting device of the present invention is also provided with a 24-hour base digital time display window corresponding to the 10-hour base of the same sun 30. It is set above the dial axis of the dial. It can be used to compare the time of "10-hour base" and "24-hour base" in the same solar day, making it easy to compare the transition between the two unit times. Figure 4 shows The dial structure provided with the above digital time display window. It should be noted that the pointer time and window time in FIG. 4 are not the actual calibration time.

Adjustment: The direction of hand movement is opposite to that of traditional clocks. The second hand freezes or returns to zero; the full minute hand moves for 1 week (100 minutes); the hour hand advances for 1 hour; the full hour hand moves for 1 week (10 hours); the moon hand jumps into 1 division (1 day); The turntable rotates in the same direction. When it is reversed, only the hour hand rotates, and the longitude dial is locked. Therefore, after the longitude dial scale is aligned with the standard time point value in the region, the hour hand can be adjusted in the opposite direction; the first day of each month only needs to adjust the month for the prospective agricultural calendar (with automatic month) , Except the calendar function).

The present invention mainly relates to the dial structure of the planetary solar day decimal time counting device. Obviously, the mature technology of the existing mechanical watch or quartz watch can be used to design the corresponding standard processing mechanism, adjustment control mechanism, delivery mechanism, needle movement mechanism and display. The structure of the mechanism may be various, which is not the focus of the present invention.

The present invention has the following significance in practical application:

1. The direction in which the hour hand moves in a circular motion is the rotation direction of the earth, and the angle of the hour hand is synchronized with the rotation angle of the earth.

2. The projection of the hour hand in a circular motion on the dial represents the displacement of the longitude line as the earth moves.

3. The intersection point p between the hour hand and the latitude circle can be regarded as the relative position of the observer on the earth at this time.

4. The horizontal circle D of the red circle is the "dawn circle" of the earth. The hour hand is day in the upper semicircle and night in the lower semicircle.

5. The included angle between the hour hand and the pivot point to the "5" point is the angle between the vertical line of the observer's position and the sunlight line, and the larger the angle, the weaker the light sensitivity. When it is greater than 90 °, the position of the observer enters night.

6. The time zone of the time zone longitude dial is daylight in the upper part of the "dawn circle" and night in the lower part.

7. The difference between the value of each time zone and the value of the time zone where the hour hand is located is the time difference between the zone and the area where the observer is, and the + value is late and the first value is early.

8. The projection point F of the moon hand outside the "red circle" is also the moon phase point or the agricultural calendar of the day.

9. The month is at the full and new moon positions (south and north) and is the tide day of the month. At the first and second quarter (West and East), it is the tide day of the month.

10. When the hour hand and the moon hand overlap and form a straight line, it is the relative tide time of your area (because of the tide time Subject to local geographic conditions, slightly omitted)

11. When the solar and lunar eclipses occur, the closer the hour and moon hands are to the sun's rays (or the line connecting 0 to 5 points), the closer the parallel straight line, the greater the chance of visibility in your area.

12. During the daytime, place the watch on the face, with the "5" scale point facing the sun (you need to make sure that the sun moves in the opposite direction to the hour hand at the north and south latitudes). The direction of the hour hand is south. At night, place the watch on the face, with the moon hand facing the moon (regardless of the north-south latitude, make sure that the moon moves in the opposite direction to the hour hand). The direction of the hour hand is south.

Claims

Rights request

1. A planetary solar day decimal timekeeping device, characterized in that a dial (10) is provided with a second hand (11), a minute hand (12) and a time hand (13) defined according to the solar day, and its needle shaft is set at the center of the dial, The hour hand scale is marked on the circle (14) corresponding to the latitude circle of the celestial body, and the second hand and minute hand scales are marked on the circle (15) corresponding to the celestial red circle; the circle of the hour hand is divided into 10 equal marks, each The center angle of the equal circle is 36 °. Each sector of the equal circle corresponds to the time zone area separated by 1 hour. The minute and second hands are divided into 100 equal division marks. The seconds, minutes, and hours are opposite to the traditional watch. The hour hand moves in a circular motion, in which one revolution of the second hand is 100 seconds, one revolution of the minute hand is 100 minutes, and one revolution of the hour hand is 10 hours.

2. The planetary solar day decimal time counting device according to claim 1, wherein the sun is divided in decimal, one solar day is 10 hours, one hour is 100 minutes, and one minute is 100 seconds, of which hours It consists of tens digits or scales from 0 to 9; minutes consists of 100 digits or scales from 0 to 99; seconds consist of 100 digits or scales from 0 to 99. The display panel of the timing device is marked to distinguish the solar day from the The letter d for the hour, minute and second of the traditional 24 X 60X 60 system, namely:

Every 1 solar day = 10 d hours (dh)

= 10 X 100 d points = 1000 d points (dmin)

= 10X 100 X 100 d seconds = 100. 000 d seconds (ds),

3. The planetary solar day decimal time counting device according to claim 1, characterized in that "0" seconds, "0" minutes, and "0" hours are set directly below the dial, and the corresponding 0-9 hour scales The values are sorted the same as the 0 to 99 minute-second scale values.

4. The planetary solar day decimal time counting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dial is provided with a moon phase indicator hand (16) which is moved forward by 1 scale value every 10 hours by the hour hand and a corresponding one The moon phase indicator or the agricultural calendar scale ring (17), its start and stop scales are located above the dial, and the direction of rotation is consistent with the movement of the second, minute and hour hands.

5. The planetary solar day decimal time counting device according to claim 4, characterized in that the moon phase indicator or the agricultural calendar scale ring (17) is set on the circumference of the celestial red circle of the minute and second scales (15). In addition, the axes of the second hand, minute hand, hour hand, and moon hand are all on the same axis. 6. The planetary solar day decimal time counting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the needle shaft is further provided with a global ten-time zone synchronous operation comparison display longitude dial (20), which can be independently adjusted with the hour hand; outside the dial The circle is engraved with a scale (21) that divides 360 ° longitude into ten equal parts, each of which is divided into a time zone, covering a 36 ° center angle projection surface.

7. The planetary solar day decimal time counting device according to claim 6, wherein the longitude dial

(20) The near edge is engraved with a scale that divides 360 ° longitude into 100 equal parts, each with a center angle of 3.6 °, and the dial and hour hand move forward by 1 scale every 10 minutes. The zone can be marked in the sector time zone of the dial The place names of major cities, and the longitude corresponding to the city is marked with a color line on the longitude ring.

8. The planetary solar day decimal time counting device according to claim 6, characterized in that the geometrical position where the hour hand (13) and the time zone of the longitude dial are staggered can be synchronously displayed corresponding to hour, minute, and second tick marks, and real-time conversion of ten worldwide Time and time difference in the time zone.

9. The planetary solar day decimal time counting device according to claim 2, wherein the solar day decimal time of the device can be displayed in full digital.

10. The planetary solar day decimal time counting device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the dial (10) is provided with a 24-hour digital time display corresponding to the ten-hour decimal of the same solar day. Window (30).