WO2002080698A1

WO2002080698A1 - Method for producing specialty plant bio-feed from the animal mbms using edible mushroom strains, and the specialty bio-feed produced thereby

Info

Publication number: WO2002080698A1
Application number: PCT/KR2002/000579
Authority: WO
Inventors: Suk-Ku Sim; Eun-Kwan Lee
Original assignee: Environment & Energy Technology
Priority date: 2001-04-03
Filing date: 2002-04-02
Publication date: 2002-10-17
Also published as: GB2390291A; GB2390291B; GB0323175D0

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing speciality plant bio-feed abundant in mushroom hyphae from the animal MBMs, and to the specialty bio-feed produced thereby. It is the object of the invention to solve the problem of animal feed using the animal MBMs for ruminants that is assumed to be a cause of the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) that causes the people in the world as well as in Europe in a panic. In accordance with the invention, the specialty plant bio-feed abundant in mushroom hyphae is not only safe from the BSE, but also is rich in organic and inorganic matters, enhances the digestion efficiency and creates high added values with the rich anti-cancer ingredients and new functional matters.

Description

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SPECIALTY PLANT BIO-FEED FROM

THE ANIMAL MBMs USING EDIBLE MUSHROOM STRAINS, AND

THE SPECIALTY BIO-FEED PRODUCED THEREBY

Technical Field

The present invention relate to a method for producing specialty,

plant bio-feed from animal Meat and Bone Meals (MBMs), using edible

mushroom strains, preferably Cordyceps mushroom strains and more preferably Paecilomyces Tenuipes mushroom strains, to a method for

producing plant bio-feed from food wastes containing animal MBMs, using salt-tolerant edible mushroom strains, and to the specialty plant bio-feed abundant in mushroom hyphae produced thereby.

Background Art

Exact causes of the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), which is commonly called mad cow disease, are not identified yet,

however, recently it has been reported in the literature that it may be the MBMs in the animal feed for the ruminants. The 'animal feed'

recognized as a cause of the BSE in European countries is processed from the MBMs of the bones and intestines of the ruminants such as bovines or sheep. Compared with the cost to produce plant feed from beans, the cost for the animal feed from MBMs are reduced by 30% and the animals that are fed on such animal feed also grow very fast, so that European livestock farmers have fed the animal feed to the bovines. However, it is to feed beef to the bovines, which is artificially changes

the bovine's eating habits of an herbivorous animal, and it has been criticized to go against the nature.

Pathologists recognize that the BSE is caused by the abnormally transformed mutant prion protein existing in a normal brain and a nerve

system, resulting from mutation. The mutant prion protein is not

completely decomposed by the proteinase-K that is a powerful proteinase, unlike the normal prion protein, and is known to be resistant

to boiling, ionization, UV irradiation and formalin, generally used to

inactivate the viruses. However, it has been reported that the mutant prion protein loses completely or most of the infection ability by precipitation for one hour in phenol (90%), home bleaching agents, ether, acetone, urea, powerful detergents, iodine disinfectants, 5% liquid of sodium hypochlorite, or the high pressure sterilization process (132°C

under 15 pounds per square inches for 5 minutes).

The mutant prion protein is recognized to cause the scrapie in

sheep, the variant Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease (v-CJD) in humans, and

mad-cat disease in cats, as well as the BSE in bovines, and therefore the animal feed is the panic to people around the world. Thus, each country

in the world bans byproducts of another ruminants for ruminant's feed. France proclaimed new measures, including prohibition to feed animal feed to not only bovines but also other livestock such as pigs, domesticated fowls, etc. Korea also bans feeding animal MBM feed as well as the feed from the food wastes, to ruminants in accordance with the Feed Management Law.

However, destroying such a great amount of livestock byproducts

from the bones and intestines of bovines, sheep, pigs, and etc. by incineration is waste of enormous resources, and causes high energy consumption and generates environmental pollution.

Therefore, one of the most preferable method for solving such

aforementioned problems is to produce plant feed from the MBMs and livestock byproducts utilizing a natural ecosystem processes, while

preventing waste of resources and environmental pollution without

artificially changing the bovine's eating habits that eats mainly plant feed such as grass. However, such a method of the above description has never been investigated or contrived so far.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing specialty plant bio-feed abundant in mushroom hyphae, which

are rich in various functional materials including anti-cancer ingredients,

while solving the aforementioned problems of ruminant's animal feed, by using animal Meat and Bone Meals MBMs or food wastes containing

MBMs as a compost for cultivating edible mushroom strains.

It is another object of the invention to provide specialty plant bio-feed produced by the aforementioned method.

In order to achieve the above objects of the invention, the present invention provides a method for producing specialty plant bio-feed from animal MBMs using edible mushroom strains.

The invention also provides a method for producing plant bio-feed

from animal MBMs using edible mushroom strains, and the method is comprising the processes of: forming a compost for culturing the edible

mushroom strains from the animal MBMs; culturing mushroom strains for converting the compost into a BSE-safe specialty plant feed abundant in mushroom hyphae by inoculating the edible mushroom strains into the

compost and maturing the compost; and producing specialty plant

bio-feed by unbottling and drying the cultured and matured compost,

eliminating foreign objects such as plastics, nonferrous metals, vinyl, etc., from and crushing the compost in a fine size.

The invention also provides a method for producing plant bio-feed from animal MBMs utilizing edible mushroom strains, wherein the process of forming a compost for culturing the edible

mushroom strains from the animal MBMs comprising the steps of: 1) eliminating metallic foreign objects from the MBMs". 2) crushing the

MBMs from which foreign objects are eliminated into predetermined

size; and 3) deodorizing the odor gases, wherein the step 1) can be omitted when the amount of foreign objects in the MBMs is negligible, and the steps are proceeded simultaneously or sequentially;

wherein the process of culturing mushroom strains comprises the steps of: 1) forming a compost by mixing with dry cellulose(coco peat, sawdust, rice-straw, waste cotton, etc.) so that the water content of the crushed MBMs is 50-70%; 2) inserting the compost into 500 to 2000cc mushroom-culturing vessels and capping the vessels; 3) sterilizing the compost in the vessel by the steam of 60 to 132 °C for 5 minutes to 10

hours, particularly for 5 minutes at 132 °C (1.6kg/cnf) for inactivation of the mutant prion protein; 4) cooling the sterilized compost in a clean

room down to 20 to 25 ^°C , and inoculating 15 to 20g of edible mushroom strains into each bottle; 5) culturing the compost inoculated with the

mushroom strains for about 30 days in a clean culture room of 20 to 25 °C ,

and 50 to 70% RH; and 6) maturing the cultured compost for about 5 days so that the animal nutriment of the compost is fully decomposed and the compost is abundant in mushroom hyphae; and

wherein the process of producing specialty plant bio-feed comprises the steps of: 1) unbottling the compost when the animal nutriment of the compost is fully decomposed and the compost is abundant in mushroom hyphae; 2) drying the unbottled compost so that

the water content of the compost is 10 to 15%; 3) eliminating foreign

objects such as plastics, nonferrous metals, vinyl, etc. from the dried compost; and 4) crushing the compost from which the foreign objects

have been eliminated into a predetermined size, wherein the step 3) can be omitted when the foreign objects in the dried compost are negligible.

The invention also provides a method for producing plant bio-feed from the animal MBMs using cordyceps mushroom strains, preferably the paecilomyces mushroom strains and more preferably paecilomyces tenuipes, that decompose effectively particularly the highly concentrated animal protein such as insect larvae, pupae, imagoes, etc. In addition, the edible mushroom strain is a salt-tolerant mushroom strain for the saline food waste which contains the MBMs.

The invention also provides specialty plant bio-feed produced according to the aforementioned plant bio-feed manufacturing technology.

The invention also provides roughage produced using the above

plant bio-feed as a source of cellulose, and special functional feed for livestock of particular species produced using the above specialty plant

bio-feed as raw material. Generally the edible mushrooms abundant in amino acid, manit,

trehalose, etc., are health foods containing various vitamins such as vitamin B₂ and D as well as enzymes, and are recognized as alkalic foods equivalent to vegetables. In addition, the mushrooms are emerging as medicinal foods because the mushroom strains contain rich

ingredients to activate an immune system, to prevent blood coagulation,

and to suppress oncogenesis. For example, the oak-mushroom is known to contain the polysaccharide of lentinan that enhances the function of

the immune system, prevent adult diseases such as corpulence, high

blood pressure, diabetes, arterial sclerosis, etc. and in particular suppress proliferation of cancer cells. The flammulina velutipes contain rich amino acid, carbohydrates, cellulose as well as high protein, and are proved to be effective in preventing adult diseases and cancers in particular.

The oyster mushrooms contain a lot of ergosterol that is a parent of vitamin D₂ , thus being effective in preventing and treating high blood pressure and arterial sclerosis, and are reported to be effective in cancer treatment and in treating adverse reactions of alopecia, vomiting,

diarrhea, loss of appetite of cancer patients.

The cordyceps are a kind of germs parasitic on insects and regarded as one of the three precious invigorants in China together with ginseng and young antlers from the ancient times. The components of

cordyceps vary somewhat in accordance with the species, but the

cordyceps for the medicinal use are rich in essential amino acid indispensable to a human body, and are the only plant to contain vitamin

B12. The hyphae and fruit bodies of some species of such cordyceps are recognized effective in treatment of tuberculosis, jaundice, etc. and as a

tonic medicine, mainly used in aftercare, invigorants, etc. as very expensive herb medicines. In addition, the medicinal components of the cordyceps include the element to enhance the immunity and are known to be greatly effective in lowering cholesterol, treating cancers,

preventing aging and dropping blood sugar levels. While the hyphae and

fruit bodies used as medicinal stuffs are recognized to have useful

medicinal components such as cordycepin, thus interest in the cordyceps is increasingly attracted. In Japan, the products with the names of Choongchojeong and Dongchunghachorip as a health food containing

cordyceps are sold. While in China, the products with the names of Sacheon Choongcho Bongwangjeong and Shincha are also sold as drinks or tea. The cordyceps are the result of conversion of insect protein of the silkworms whose nutrition source is alive. Thus, it is assumed that there may be a certain kind of a special enzyme to decompose the animal

protein in the cordyceps. The specialty plant bio-feed abundant in mushroom hyphae in

accordance with the invention achieves high digestion efficiency and is

^■ rich in various organic and inorganic matters, while creating high added values as BSE-safe specialty plant bio-feed resulting from inactivation

of mutant prion protein that is recognized as a cause of the BSE and annihilation of various pathogenic microbes as well as improving the utility values as quality specialty livestock feed with anti-cancer

components and new functional materials.

Brief Description of the Drawings

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will help better understanding with regard to the following

description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings. In the

drawings:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a process for producing plant bio-feed from the animal MBMs, using edible mushroom stains;

FIG. 2A is a photograph of salt-tolerant Pleurotus ostreatus DH-1012 hyphae cultured in a solid agar compost of the animal MBMs;

FIG. 2B is a photograph of Paecilomyces tenuipes DHN-1011 hyphae cultured in a solid agar compost of the animal MBMs; FIG. 2C is a photograph of Cordyceps militaris DHM-1012 hyphae cultured in a solid agar compost of the animal MBMs;

FIG. 3A is a photograph of Paecilomyces tenuipes DHN-1011 hyphae cultured in the 100 % animal MBMs compost; FIG. 3B is a photograph of Cordyceps militaris DHM-1012 hyphae

cultured in the 100% animal MBMs compost;

FIG. 4A is a photograph of salt-tolerant Pleurotus ostreatus DH-1012 hyphae cultured in compost with the animal MBMs of 80% and the sawdust of 20%;

^" FIG. 4B is a photograph of Paecilomyces tenuipes DHN-1011 hyphae cultured in compost with the animal MBMs of 80% and the sawdust of 20%;

FIG. 4C is a photograph of Ccordyceps militaris DHM-1012 hyphae cultured in compost with the animal MBMs of 80% and the sawdust of

20%;

FIG. 5A is a photograph of salt-tolerant Pleurotus ostreatus DH-1012 hyphae cultured in compost with the animal MBMs of 50% and the sawdust of 50%;

FIG. 5B is a photograph of Paecilomyces tenuipes DHN-1011 hyphae cultured in a compost with the animal MBMs of 50% and the sawdust of 50%; and

FIG. 5C is a photograph of Cordyceps militaris DHM-1012 hyphae cultured in compost with the animal MBM of 50% and the sawdust of

50%. Best Mode for Carrying out the Invention

Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings and embodiments to further describe the characteristic features and execution methods of the invention, the process for producing the plant bio-feed in accordance

with the invention will be described in detail. However, the scope of the

invention should not be limited by the following embodiments, and typical variations within the technical spirit of those skilled in the art will be apparent.

Process I (elimination of metallic foreign objects)

Metallic foreign objects are eliminated after collecting food wastes containing livestock byproducts such as bones or intestines of bovines, sheep, pigs, etc., or the animal MBMs. This process can be omitted if the

amount of metallic foreign objects is negligible.

Process II (crushing)

The food wastes containing livestock byproducts or the animal MBMs, from which foreign objects have been eliminated, are crushed into pieces of a predetermined size. This process and the process I can be carried out by the food waste crushing machine disclosed in 'the Korean Patent Application No. 10-2000-0070165, or an automatic

pre-processing system for forming a compost disclosed in the Korean Patent Application No. 10-2000-0070164, dated November 24, 2000 by the present applicant. In addition, removal of malodors in this process may be carried out by a multi-stage deodorization system described in

the PCT Application No. PCT/KRO 1/02025, dated November 23, 2001 by

the present applicant.

Process III (formation of a compost)

To form the compost for the mushroom strains, the food wastes

containing livestock byproducts or the animal MBMs after the process II are dried so that the water content can be 50~70% suitable for growth of

mushroom strains or mixed with dry cellulose source (coco peat, sawdust, rice-straws, waste cotton, etc.) of 10-30% depending on the moisture condition so that the water content can be 50-70%.

Process IV (Insertion of the compost into vessels and sterilization)

The compost formed at the process III is inserted into mushroom-culturing vessels of 500-2000cc and then sterilized with

steam at 60 to 132 °C in an autoclave after capping the vessels. In particular, the sterilization time can be adjusted from 5 minutes to 10

hours, such as for 10 hours at 60 °C , for 5 hours at 100°C , for 5 minutes at 132 °C (1.6kg/cm²) for inactivation of mutant prion protein depending on the sterilization temperature, thereby preventing caramelization of the compost and fully extracting available components directly applicable as a nutrition source for the mushroom strains to make an aseptic compost. Process V (Cooling the compost and inoculating the mushroom strains)

The sterilized compost is cooled down to 20 to 25 °C in a clean room, then 15 to 20g of the edible mushroom strains are inoculated into

each bottle. When only livestock byproducts are fed, cordyceps mushroom strain, which decomposes animal protein specially well, is

inoculated, and preferably Paecilomyces mushroom strain, and more preferably Paecilomyces tenuipes DHNlOlKdeposit no. KCTC 1036BP)

is inoculated. When food wastes containing the animal MBMs are fed,

salt-tolerant mushroom strain, preferably Pleurotus ostreatus DH-1012(Deposit No. KCTC 0938BP) is inoculated.

Process VI (Culturing and maturing)

The compost bottles into which the edible mushroom strains are inoculated are moved to a clean culture room. Then the mushroom strain

is cultured until the entire compost is abundant in hyphae, that is until

the turnover is finished. The culturing condition is not strictly limited as long as the inoculated mushroom strains can live. Preferably, the

temperature is 15 to 30 °C and humidity is 50 to 100% RH. More

preferably, the temperature is 25 °C and humidity is 60% RH for Paecilomyces tenuipes DHN1011 ; and the temperature is 22 °C and humidity is 70% RH for salt-tolerant Pleurotus ostreatus DH-1012. Light illumination dose not matter, but dark condition is preferred. The time for turnover depends on the amount of compost (that is, the capacity of

the vessel used), but average time is about 30 days. After the turnover is completed, the compost is matured for about 5 more days so that the nutriment in the compost is fully decomposed.

Process VII (Unbottling)

The compost is unbottled when the compost is fully decomposed

and is abundant in mushroom hyphae.

Process VIII (Drying, eliminating foreign objects, crushing and then producing specialty plant bio-feed)

After the unbottled compost abundant in mushroom hyphae is dried,

foreign objects such as nonferrous metals, vinyl, plastics, etc. are separated from the compost using rotating screen. If the foreign objects in the compost are negligible this process can be omitted. Then, the

compost is crushed into predetermined size, so as to produce specialty plant bio-feed. This process can be performed with the

bio-feed producing system described in the PCT application PCT/KR02/00329 filed on February 27, 2002 by the present applicant.

[Experiment 1 ]

To select suitable mushroom strains when only livestock

byproducts are fed, Paecilomyces japonicaCPaecilomyces tenuipes), Cordyceps militaris and Pleurotus ostreatus DH-1012 were tested with regard to decomposition of the animal MBMs, among cordyceps

mushroom strains, Paecilomyces JaponicaCPaecilomyces tenuipes), Cordyceps militaris and Pleurotus ostreatus DH-1012 approved by Korea

Food & Drug Administration as food sources.

Experiment Procedure

First, beef was chopped by a chopper, then 1 . of distilled water was mixed with lOOg of the chopped beef. The mixed water and beef

was boiled so that the broth of the animal MBMs can be made. Next,

agar 40g was injected into 1 . of the MBM broth so as to make a solid

agar compost of the animal MBMs, then the compost was sterilized for 15 minutes at 121 °C . Next, the compost was distributed 5 mΑ in each petri dish, and cooled down to a room temperature. Next, hyphae of 0.5cm*0.5cm piece were inoculated into the compost, then cultured for

Result of Experiment

As shown in Fig. 2A to Fig.2C, hypha growth rate was in a order of

1) Pleurotus ostreatus DH-1012, 2) Paecilomyces tenuipes DHN-1011, , 3) Cordyceps militaris DHM-1012. However, hypha density was lowest

in Pleurotus ostreatus DH-1012. Therefore, in the view of general hypha growth rate and density, the capability of the MBM decomposition was in a order of 1) Paecilomyces tenuipes DHN-1011, 2) Cordyceps militaris DHM-1012, 3) Pleurotus ostreatus OH-1012. [Experiment 2]

Experiment Procedure

With the same procedure as Experiment 1, the animal MBM broth

was made. This broth was distributed in the amount of lOOmβ into each

250 m& Erlenmeyer flask, then sterilized at 121 °C for 15 minutes. After cooling the broth down to a room temperature, hyphae of 1cm* lcm piece were inoculated into the broth, then cultured for 10 days at 25 °C ±1 °C

while stirring at 150rpm. Next, the grown hyphae were filtered by

11.0cm Whatman Filter Paper #3(100 Circus Cat. No. 1003110). The hyphae in the filter were dried in an oven, then the weight thereof was measured. The weight of the hyphae was calculated by subtracting the weight of the filter from the measured total weight.

Result of Experiment

The calculated weight of the hyphae of Paecilomyces tenuipes

DHN-1011 was 0.535g, which was much more than 0.065g of the hyphae

of Pleurotus ostreatus DH-1012, and 0.191g of the hyphae of Cordyceps militaris DHM-1012, so that the growth rate of hyphae was even greater

in Paecilomyces tenuipes DHN-1011. Table 1. Result of hypha growth experiment (cultured for 10 days)

[Experiment 3]

Experiment Procedure

The 100% animal MBMs (beef MBMs) was chopped by a chopper, and lOOg of it is inserted into each 250 mt Erlenmeyer flask.

Subsequently, the flask with chopped beef therein^' was capped by cotton and sterilized at 132 °C for 5 minutes. After cooling the flask with

contents therein down, lg of the mushroom strains of Paecilomyces

tenuipes DHN-1011 and Cordyceps militaris DHM-1012 was inoculated into each flask, respectively. Pleurotus ostreatus DH-1012 was counted out in the present experiment, since the decomposition capability of the

100% animal MBMs (that is; not comprising cellulose) was remarkably

inferior to the other two. The inoculated mushroom strains were cultured at 25°C ±1 °C under 60% RH in a thermo-hydrostat, and the time required

for culturing hyphae was measured.

Result of Experiment

It took 12 days for culturing the hyphae of Paecilomyces tenuipes DHN-1011 (Fig. 3A), and 28 days the hyphae of Cordyceps militaris DHM-1012 (Fig. 3B). Therefore, the decomposition capability of the animal MBMs was best in Paecilomyces tenuipes DHN-1011. [Experiment 4]

Experiment Procedure

The process was the same as Experiment 3 except the

composition of the compost. The compost was made of the 80% animal MBMs and 20% sawdust.

Result of Experiment

The hypha culturing of Paecilomyces tenuipes DHN-1011 was completed in 20 days (Fig. 4B). However, the hypha culturing of

Cordyceps militaris DHM-1012 (Fig. 4C) and Pleurotus ostreatus

DH-1012 (Fig. 4A) was not completed until the 26th day from the inoculating day.

[Experiment 5 ]

Experiment Procedure

The process was the same as Experiment 3 except the composition of the compost. The compost was made of the 50% animal MBM and 50% sawdust.

Result of Experiment

The hypha culturing of Pleurotus ostreatus DH-1012 was completed in 24 days (Fig. 5A). However the hypha culturing of

Cordyceps militaris DHM-1012 (Fig. 5C) and Paecilomyces tenuipes DHN-1011 (Fig. 5B) was not completed until the 26th day from the inoculating day.

From the above results of experiments, Paecilomyces tenuipes DHN-1011 was best for decomposing compost made of the 100% animal

MBMs, and the animal MBMs mixed with less than 20% cellulose, while,

Pleurotus ostreatus DH-1012 was best for decomposing compost made

of the animal MBMs mixed with a quite amount of cellulose.

[Embodiment]

1. Formation of Compost

Livestock byproducts such as bones and intestines of the cattle (cow, sheep, and etc.) are collected and crushed into a predetermined

size using food waste crusher disclosed in Korea Patent Application No. 10-2000-0070165, filed November, 24, 2000 by the present applicant.

Next, such crushed livestock byproducts are dried until the water

content thereof becomes 50 to 70%, then 700 to 750g thereof is injected into a l,100cc plastic mushroom culturing vessel and the vessel is

capped. Then, the vessel with its contents therein is sterilized with high pressure steam of 132 °C for 5 minutes in an autoclave so as to become an aseptic compost. This aseptic compost is cooled in a clean room down to 20 to 25 °C . 2. Inoculation of Mushroom Strains

The mushroom strains used in the present invention, Paecilomyces

tenuipes and Cordyceps militaris were obtained from a cordyceps cultivating farm in Kyungsaangbuk-Do in Korea, by tissue-separation

from the fruit-body of the cordyceps and the hypha proliferation was performed in a PDA compost. Then, the hyphae were cultured in dark

condition of 25±1 °C and 65% RH for 5 days. The cultured hyphae of

5mm square were newly inoculated into PDA compost and cultured in the same condition. This operation was repeated three times, so that the

hyphae could be refined. The mixture of these refined hyphae and compost was used as a seed-strain. Twenty grams(20g) of the seed strain are inoculated into the surface of sterilized compost. As such, the

seed-strains were inoculated into 16 composts.

3. Culturing and maturing

The inoculated mushroom strains are cultured in dark condition of

25±1 °C and 50 to 70% RH for 25 days, then were matured in the same

condition for 5 more days so that the nutriments of the compost could be fully decomposed.

4. Drying, etc.

The matured mushroom hyphae were unbottled, dried by hot-wind drier, and were crushed into a suitable size. And this is used as raw material for the specialty cattle feed or specialty animal feed. The present invention provides specialty plant bio-feed abundant

in mushroom hyphae for the ruminants and thus, solves the problem of the BSE. The specialty plant bio-feed is made by converting the animal MBMs or food waste containing animal MBMs into specialty plant bio-feed with the method of present invention. Furthermore, the

specialty plant bio-feed abundant in mushroom hyphae according to the

present invention is rich in various organic and inorganic materials, and

is highly digestive. Also, the specialty plant bio-feed contains anti-cancer elements and functional element, so as to enhance the immune system and anti-cancer activity of the cattle. And also, the

present invention solves the problem of the MBMs wastes environment-friendly by converting them into specialty plant bio-feed. The bio-feed according to the present invention is economical since it is cost-effective than the grain feed.

The present invention has been described in detail. However, it

should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by

way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.

Claims

1. A method of producing specialty plant bio-feed from the

animal MBMs(Meat and Bone Meals) using edible mushroom strains.

2. The method according to claim 1, method comprising the processes of:

forming a compost for culturing the edible mushroom strains from the animal MBMs; culturing mushroom strains for converting the compost into a

BSE-safe specialty plant feed raw materials abundant in mushroom hyphae by inoculating the edible mushroom strains into the compost and maturing the compost; and

producing the specialty plant bio-feed by unbottling and drying the cultured and matured compost, eliminating foreign objects such as

plastics, nonferrous metals, vinyl, etc., from the compost and crushing the compost.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the process of forming compost for culturing the edible mushroom strains from the animal MBMs comprises the steps of:

1) eliminating metallic foreign objects from the MBMs;

2) crushing the MBMs from which foreign objects have been eliminated into predetermined size; and 3) deodorizing the odor gases, wherein the step 1) can be omitted when the amount of foreign objects in the MBMs is negligible, and the steps are proceeded

simultaneously or sequentially.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the process of

culturing mushrooms comprises the steps of:

1) forming a compost by drying or mixing with dry cellulose(coco peat, sawdust, rice-straw, waste cotton, etc.) so that the water content

of the MBM crushed into a predetermined size is 50~70%;

2) inserting the compost into 500 to 2000cc mushroom-culturing

vessels and capping the vessels!

3) sterilizing the compost in the vessel by putting into an autoclave

with the steam of 60 to 132 ^°C for 5 minutes to 10 hours; 4) cooling the sterilized compost in a clean room down to 20 to

25 °C , and inoculating 15 to 20g of edible mushroom strains into each

bottle",

5) culturing the compost inoculated with the mushroom strains for about 30 days in a clean culture room of 20 to 25 °C , and 50 to 70%

RH(relative humidity); and

6) maturing the cultured compost for about 5 days so that the animal nutriment of the compost is fully decomposed and the compost is abundant in mushroom hyphae.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the process of producing specialty plant bio-feed comprises the steps of.

1) unbottling the compost when the animal nutriment of the compost is fully decomposed and the compost is abundant in mushroom hyphae;

2) drying the unbottled compost so that the water content of the compost is 10 to 15%;

3) eliminating foreign objects such as plastics, nonferrous metals,

vinyl, etc. from the dried compost; and 4) crushing the compost from which the foreign objects have been eliminated into a predetermined size, wherein the step 3) can be omitted when the foreign objects in the dried compost is negligible.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 3), the transformed mutant prion known as a cause of the BSE(Bovine

Spongiform Encephalopathy) is inactivated by sterilizing the compost in the vessel by putting in the autoclave with the steam of 132 °C

(1.6kg/cm²) for 5 minutes.

7. The method according to 1, wherein the edible mushroom strain is cordyceps mushroom strain that decomposes animal protein especially well.

8. The method according to 7, wherein the cordyceps

mushroom strain is a paecilomyces mushroom strain.

9. The method according to 8, wherein the paecilomyces mushroom strain is paecilomyces tenuipes DHNlOlKDeposit No. KCTC

1036BP).

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the edible

mushroom strain is a salt-tolerant mushroom strain when the MBMs are contained in the saline food wastes.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the salt-tolerant

mushroom strain is Pleurotus ostreatus DH~1012(Deposit No. KCTC 0938BP).

12. Specialty plant bio-feed produced by one of the method

according to claims 1 to 11.

13. Roughage produced using the specialty plant bio-feed of claim 12 as a source of cellulose.

14. Specialty animal bio-feed for particular cattle or livestock, which is produced using the specialty plant bio-feed of claim 12 as raw material.