WO2002079568A1 - Verfahren zur aufbereitung von faserstoff - Google Patents
Verfahren zur aufbereitung von faserstoff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002079568A1 WO2002079568A1 PCT/EP2002/001621 EP0201621W WO02079568A1 WO 2002079568 A1 WO2002079568 A1 WO 2002079568A1 EP 0201621 W EP0201621 W EP 0201621W WO 02079568 A1 WO02079568 A1 WO 02079568A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- grinding
- range
- fibers
- fiber
- approximately
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21D—TREATMENT OF THE MATERIALS BEFORE PASSING TO THE PAPER-MAKING MACHINE
- D21D1/00—Methods of beating or refining; Beaters of the Hollander type
- D21D1/20—Methods of refining
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
- D21H23/06—Controlling the addition
- D21H23/14—Controlling the addition by selecting point of addition or time of contact between components
- D21H23/16—Addition before or during pulp beating or refining
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/70—Inorganic compounds forming new compounds in situ, e.g. within the pulp or paper, by chemical reaction with other substances added separately
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of fibrous material for the production of paper or cardboard.
- Pulp for the production of paper and cardboard is processed in the stock preparation upstream of the paper machine in such a way that the desired paper properties, e.g. mechanical properties, optical properties, etc. can be achieved.
- the mechanical properties are influenced by the so-called freeness of the fiber suspension.
- This degree of grinding is a measure of how easily the fiber suspension can be dewatered.
- a certain degree of grinding can be achieved by grinding the fibers to a greater or lesser extent in refiners.
- the fibers are shortened, fibrillated and squeezed. This process makes the fibers more flexible and their specific surface area is increased, so that the number of possible binding points between the fibers during sheet formation increases. This leads to an increase in the mechanical strength of the paper or cardboard produced from these fibers.
- the grinding work required consumes considerable amounts of energy. Depending on the type of pulp or fiber, the degree of grinding and the grinding parameters, 120 to 200 kWh per ton of fiber material and more are necessary. It is known to remove the fibrous material before or after the direct addition of conventional fillers, e.g. Calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, etc. to grind. The above-mentioned high amounts of energy have to be used for this.
- conventional fillers e.g. Calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, etc.
- a precipitation product for example filler
- the wetted at least one additive, in particular filler is embedded in the fiber surfaces of the fiber material.
- the fibers can be loaded with calcium carbonate, for example.
- calcium oxide and / or calcium hydroxide is added to the moist, disintegrated fiber material in such a way that at least a part thereof is associated with the water present in the fiber material.
- the fiber material treated in this way is then subjected to carbon dioxide.
- the "Fiber Loading TM" process can take place within a refiner.
- the aim of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned at the outset, which makes it possible to drastically reduce the grinding energy for fibrous materials without significantly impairing the properties of the paper made from these fibers.
- the solids concentration is preferably selected in a range from approximately 25% to approximately 40%, in particular in a range from approximately 30% to approximately 40% and preferably in a range from approximately 30% to approximately 35%.
- the precipitation product with which the fibers are loaded in process step c) can be, for example, filler. In principle, however, any other precipitation products are also conceivable.
- calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) can be embedded on the wetted fiber surfaces by adding calcium oxide (CaO) and / or calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ) to the moist fiber material, at least some of which coexist can associate the water with the amount of fiber.
- the fiber material treated in this way can then be exposed to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
- the calcium carbonate formed can form a suspension around and between the fibers.
- the calcium oxide and / or the calcium hydroxide medium is added to the fiber suspension, a chemical reaction with an exothermic property takes place, the calcium hydroxide preferably being added in liquid form (milk of lime). This means that not necessarily the Water stored in or on the fibers of the fiber suspension is necessary for the start and the end of the chemical reaction.
- dry fiber surfaces can encompass all wetted surfaces of the individual fibers. This also includes in particular the case in which the fibers are loaded with calcium carbonate or any other precipitation product both on their outer surface and in their interior (lumen).
- the fibers can e.g. are loaded with the filler calcium carbonate, the attachment to the wetted fiber surfaces being carried out by a so-called “Fiber Loading TM” process, as is described as such in US Pat. No. 5,223,090.
- this "Fiber Loading TM” process e.g. the carbon dioxide with the calcium hydroxide to water and calcium carbonate.
- the pulp suspension before grinding to a solid mass concentration in a range from about 3% to about 7%, in particular in a range from about 4% to about 6% and preferably in a range of diluted from about 4.5% to about 5.5%.
- optimal strength values to be achieved.
- the grinding process can be done in several steps.
- concentration of the fiber suspension in the different grinding steps can be different or the same.
- Optimal grinding conditions can be achieved in particular if the fibers are ground in at least one refiner whose grinding gap is delimited by structured surfaces, the fibers in the grinding gap with a specific edge load on the surface structures in a range from approximately 0.5 J / m to about 5 J / m, in particular in a range from about 0.5 J / m to about 2 J / m and preferably in the range from 1.5 J / m.
- the specific edge load is a common international term. It results from the division of the net power (watts) by the secondary total edge length (m / s).
- intersection angles of the surface structures are expediently in a range from approximately 10 ° to approximately 80 °, in particular in a range from approximately 40 ° to approximately 60 ° and preferably in the range from 40 ° for short fibers and 60 ° range for long fibers.
- the method according to the invention results in a saving of 5 to 70%, in most cases 20 to 40%, of the grinding energy, based on the pure fiber mass.
- the strengths, optical properties, the specific volume, the porosity and the formation of the paper produced are retained, or they are even used in comparison to pulp grinding without filler or with filler calcium carbonate directly added in a conventional manner. repaired.
- the process according to the invention can be used with particular advantage in the production of papers with higher filler contents, since here the filler no longer has to be washed out.
- the partial refining before the "Fiber Loading TM" process can preferably be gentle, i.e. be carried out with a smaller specific edge load. This will fibrillate the fibers and make the loading process more efficient.
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged section of a tooth or knife set of a refiner
- FIG. 4 shows a purely schematic representation of a segment of a tooth or knife set to explain the relevant angles
- Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a purely exemplary embodiment of a refiner.
- the following process steps are carried out to prepare fibrous material for the production of paper or cardboard: a) providing fibers in the form of a suspension with a predeterminable solids concentration, b) loading the fibers with a precipitation product without grinding the material, c) grinding the fibers after the loading process has been completed to increase the degree of grinding and / or to change the fiber properties , and d) continuing the fiber suspension treated in accordance with steps a) to c) in the direction of the paper machine, it being possible for further process steps to follow.
- the solids concentration is preferably selected in a range from approximately 25% to approximately 40%, in particular in a range from approximately 30% to approximately 40% and preferably in a range from approximately 30% to approximately 35%.
- the fibers can be loaded with any precipitation product.
- a filler can be loaded.
- the pulp suspension can e.g. to a solid mass concentration (fiber and precipitation product mass based on the total volume) in a range from approximately 3% to approximately 7%, in particular in a range from approximately 4% to approximately 6% and preferably in a range from approximately 4.5% to approximately 5.5% can be diluted.
- the grinding process can take place in one or in several steps.
- the concentration of the fiber suspension in the different grinding steps can be different or the same. For example, it is a partial grinding before loading the precipitate, e.g. Filler, possible. For papers in which little precipitate or filler is desired, at least part of the precipitate can be washed out after grinding.
- the fibers are ground in a refiner, the grinding gap of which is limited by structured surfaces rotating relative to one another, for example can be formed by a respective set of teeth or knives 12 (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
- FIG. 1 shows a segment of a preferred embodiment of a tooth or knife set 12 of a refiner, which can be used for grinding the fibers. Another possible embodiment of such a tooth or knife assembly 12 is shown in FIG.
- the fibers in the grinding gap can e.g. with an edge load on the surface structures which are expediently in a range from approximately 0.5 J / m to approximately 5 J / m, in particular in a range from approximately 0.5 J / m to approximately 2 J / m and preferably in the range of 1.5 J / m.
- the cutting angle of the teeth or knives of the relevant tooth or knife set 12 can e.g. in a range from approximately 10 ° to approximately 80 °, in particular in a range from approximately 40 ° to approximately 60 ° and preferably in the range of 40 ° for short fibers and in the range of 60 ° for long fibers. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 4, the following applies to this cutting angle ⁇ :
- the knife width b 3 mm (see also FIG. 3) and the cutting angle ⁇ (see also FIG. 4) is 60 °.
- the groove width g is 4 mm.
- FIG. 4 shows the sector angle ⁇ and the tooth or knife angle (bar angle) ⁇ .
- calcium oxide and / or calcium hydroxide can be added to the fiber material in such a way that at least some of them coincide with that in the fiber material, i.e. water can associate between the fibers, in the hollow fibers and in their walls, the following chemical reaction occurring:
- Fiber Loading TM Ca (OH) 2 + CO 2 ⁇ CaCO 3 + H 2 O
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a purely exemplary embodiment of a refiner 10, which can be equipped with a corresponding grinding gap.
- the refiner 10 comprises an inlet 14 and an outlet 16 for the fibers to be ground.
- a spindle bearing 18 takes one Spindle on which the grinding gap can be adjusted (see gap adjustment 20).
- a rotor 22 is axially movable on the spindle shaft. The rotor 22 is driven via an axially fixed shaft 24 which is mounted in bearings 26.
- a corresponding oil lubrication 28 can also be seen in FIG. 5.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02719846A EP1373633A1 (de) | 2001-03-29 | 2002-02-15 | Verfahren zur aufbereitung von faserstoff |
CA002442804A CA2442804A1 (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2002-02-15 | Method for preparing fibrous material |
US10/672,817 US7179347B2 (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2003-09-26 | Method for fiber stock preparation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10115421.6 | 2001-03-29 | ||
DE10115421A DE10115421A1 (de) | 2001-03-29 | 2001-03-29 | Verfahren und Aufbereitung von Faserstoff |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/672,817 Continuation US7179347B2 (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2003-09-26 | Method for fiber stock preparation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002079568A1 true WO2002079568A1 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
Family
ID=7679475
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/001621 WO2002079568A1 (de) | 2001-03-29 | 2002-02-15 | Verfahren zur aufbereitung von faserstoff |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7179347B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1373633A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2442804A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10115421A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002079568A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10302783A1 (de) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-12 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer für die Herstellung einer Tissue- oder Hygienebahn bestimmten Faserstoffsuspension |
DE10307201A1 (de) * | 2003-02-20 | 2004-05-19 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Faserstoffsuspension für die Erzeugung füllstoffhaltiger Papiere |
DE102004028045A1 (de) * | 2004-06-09 | 2005-12-29 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung einer Faserstoffsuspension |
DE102007018240A1 (de) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-23 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bildung von Calciumcarbonat in einer Faserstoffsuspension |
DE102007028540A1 (de) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-24 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zum Bilden von Füllstoffen, insbesondere Calciumcarbonat in einer Faserstoffsuspension |
DE102008049336A1 (de) | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-15 | Messer Austria Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von Rohstoffen bei der Herstellung von Papier, Pappe oder Faserplatten |
EP2805986B1 (de) | 2009-03-30 | 2017-11-08 | FiberLean Technologies Limited | Verfahren zur herstellung von nano-fibrillären zellulosegels |
PL2808440T3 (pl) | 2009-03-30 | 2020-01-31 | Fiberlean Technologies Limited | Sposób wytwarzania zawiesin nanofibrylarnej celulozy |
GB0908401D0 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2009-06-24 | Imerys Minerals Ltd | Paper filler composition |
EP2386682B1 (de) | 2010-04-27 | 2014-03-19 | Omya International AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundstoffmaterialien auf Gelbasis |
ES2464733T3 (es) | 2010-04-27 | 2014-06-03 | Omya International Ag | Proceso para la producción de materiales compuestos a base de gel |
FI125278B (fi) * | 2010-08-20 | 2015-08-14 | Upm Kymmene Corp | Menetelmä kalsiumkarbonaatin saostamiseksi sekä menetelmän käyttö |
GB201019288D0 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2010-12-29 | Imerys Minerals Ltd | Compositions |
KR102156350B1 (ko) * | 2012-06-14 | 2020-09-15 | 누베라 퓨엘 셀스, 엘엘씨 | 증기 개질기, 모듈 및 사용 방법 |
ES2741514T3 (es) | 2015-10-14 | 2020-02-11 | Fiberlean Tech Ltd | Material laminado conformable en 3D |
KR102269338B1 (ko) | 2016-04-05 | 2021-06-28 | 파이버린 테크놀로지스 리미티드 | 종이 및 판지 제품 |
US11846072B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 | 2023-12-19 | Fiberlean Technologies Limited | Process of making paper and paperboard products |
JP2019515144A (ja) | 2016-04-22 | 2019-06-06 | ファイバーリーン テクノロジーズ リミテッド | ミクロフィブリル化セルロースを含む繊維並びにそれからの繊維及び不織布材料の製造方法 |
US11499269B2 (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2022-11-15 | Domtar Paper Company Llc | Method for production of filler loaded surface enhanced pulp fibers |
US20190078259A1 (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2019-03-14 | International Paper Company | Method for processing wood fibers |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4510020A (en) * | 1980-06-12 | 1985-04-09 | Pulp And Paper Research Institute Of Canada | Lumen-loaded paper pulp, its production and use |
US5007985A (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1991-04-16 | Stfi | Method of reducing the energy consumption at the refining of cellulose containing material |
US5223090A (en) * | 1991-03-06 | 1993-06-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Method for fiber loading a chemical compound |
DE19816621A1 (de) * | 1998-04-15 | 1999-11-04 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Verfahren zur Mahlung von Laubholz-Zellstoff |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2599093A (en) * | 1948-03-17 | 1952-06-03 | Vanderbilt Co R T | Pigmented cellulose fiber |
SE409476B (sv) * | 1978-02-17 | 1979-08-20 | Sca Development Ab | Sett for fraffinering av lignocellulosahaltigt material |
US4229250A (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1980-10-21 | Valmet Oy | Method of improving properties of mechanical paper pulp without chemical reaction therewith |
US5096539A (en) * | 1989-07-24 | 1992-03-17 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington | Cell wall loading of never-dried pulp fibers |
JP2940563B2 (ja) * | 1990-12-25 | 1999-08-25 | 日本ピー・エム・シー株式会社 | リファイニング助剤及びリファイニング方法 |
FR2689530B1 (fr) * | 1992-04-07 | 1996-12-13 | Aussedat Rey | Nouveau produit complexe a base de fibres et de charges, et procede de fabrication d'un tel nouveau produit. |
US5679220A (en) * | 1995-01-19 | 1997-10-21 | International Paper Company | Process for enhanced deposition and retention of particulate filler on papermaking fibers |
US5665205A (en) * | 1995-01-19 | 1997-09-09 | International Paper Company | Method for improving brightness and cleanliness of secondary fibers for paper and paperboard manufacture |
NZ311356A (en) * | 1995-06-12 | 1997-05-26 | Sprout Bauer Inc Andritz | Method of refining wood chips with low residence time and high temperature |
FI100670B (fi) * | 1996-02-20 | 1998-01-30 | Metsae Serla Oy | Menetelmä täyteaineen lisäämiseksi selluloosakuituperäiseen massaan |
US5954283A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1999-09-21 | Norwalk Industrial Components, Llc | Papermaking refiner plates |
US6579410B1 (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 2003-06-17 | Imerys Minerals Limited | Pigment materials and their preparation and use |
US6059924A (en) * | 1998-01-02 | 2000-05-09 | Georgia-Pacific Corporation | Fluffed pulp and method of production |
US6355138B1 (en) * | 2000-02-24 | 2002-03-12 | Voith Sulzer Paper Technology North America, Inc. | Method of chemically loading fibers in a fiber suspension |
-
2001
- 2001-03-29 DE DE10115421A patent/DE10115421A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-02-15 WO PCT/EP2002/001621 patent/WO2002079568A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-15 CA CA002442804A patent/CA2442804A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-15 EP EP02719846A patent/EP1373633A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-09-26 US US10/672,817 patent/US7179347B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4510020A (en) * | 1980-06-12 | 1985-04-09 | Pulp And Paper Research Institute Of Canada | Lumen-loaded paper pulp, its production and use |
US5007985A (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1991-04-16 | Stfi | Method of reducing the energy consumption at the refining of cellulose containing material |
US5223090A (en) * | 1991-03-06 | 1993-06-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Method for fiber loading a chemical compound |
DE19816621A1 (de) * | 1998-04-15 | 1999-11-04 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Verfahren zur Mahlung von Laubholz-Zellstoff |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2442804A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
US7179347B2 (en) | 2007-02-20 |
US20040149403A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
DE10115421A1 (de) | 2002-10-02 |
EP1373633A1 (de) | 2004-01-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1373633A1 (de) | Verfahren zur aufbereitung von faserstoff | |
DE602004007942T2 (de) | Chemische aktivierung und veredelung von südkieferkraftfasern | |
WO2007006368A2 (de) | Verfahren zum beladen von in einer faserstoffsuspension enthaltenen fasern | |
DE2731934A1 (de) | Verfahren zum herstellen von papier oder dergleichen | |
DE2732578A1 (de) | Kartonmasse | |
DE10335751A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Beladen einer Faserstoffsuspension und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens | |
EP1474568A1 (de) | Verfahren zur aufbereitung von in einer faserstoffsuspension enthaltenen fasern | |
WO2005121451A1 (de) | Verfahren und maschine zur herstellung einer faserstoffbahn | |
DE10236962A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Faserstoffbehandlung | |
EP1158088A2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung einer Faserstoffsuspension | |
WO2005042841A1 (de) | Verfahren zum beladen einer faserstoffsuspension und anordnung zur durchführung des verfahrens | |
WO2004065690A2 (de) | Verfahren zur erzeugung einer für die herstellung einer tissue- oder hygienebahn bestimmten faserstoffsuspension | |
DE10347920A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beladen einer Faserstoffsuspension | |
DE1138310B (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier mit hoher Nass- und Trockenfestigkeit | |
WO2007118264A2 (de) | Verfahren zur behandlung eines cellulosischen fasermaterials | |
DE3035634C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Calciumcarbonat als Füllstoff enthaltenden massegeleimten Papiers oder Kartons | |
EP1397551A2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von zellstoff | |
DE10317722A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Beladen einer Faserstoffsuspension mit Kalziumkarbonat und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens | |
DE102005012168A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beladen von in einer Faserstoffsuspension enthaltenen Fasern mit Füllstoff | |
DE10325688A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Beladen einer Faserstoffsuspension mit Kalziumkarbonat und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens | |
EP1253237A2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von insbesondere der Papierherstellung dienendem Stoff | |
DE102007007295A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Bilden von Füllstoffen, insbesondere Calciumcarbonat in einer Faserstoffsuspension | |
DE10033805A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Behandlung einer Faserstoffsuspension und Fluffer zur Durchführung des Verfahrens | |
DE2913354A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines cellulose-faserstoffs | |
DE10317719A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Einstellen des Aschegehalts einer Faserstoffsuspension und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CA JP US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2002719846 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10672817 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2442804 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2002719846 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 2002719846 Country of ref document: EP |