WO2002065420A1 - Systeme de surveillance cache pouvant etre telecommande - Google Patents

Systeme de surveillance cache pouvant etre telecommande Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2002065420A1
WO2002065420A1 PCT/US2002/004177 US0204177W WO02065420A1 WO 2002065420 A1 WO2002065420 A1 WO 2002065420A1 US 0204177 W US0204177 W US 0204177W WO 02065420 A1 WO02065420 A1 WO 02065420A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
surveillance
surveillance device
parameters
connection
remote computer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/004177
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
George L. Vojtech
Daniel J. Decicco
Charles B. Cooperman
Original Assignee
The Johns Hopkins University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Johns Hopkins University filed Critical The Johns Hopkins University
Priority to US10/466,458 priority Critical patent/US20040075547A1/en
Publication of WO2002065420A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002065420A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19695—Arrangements wherein non-video detectors start video recording or forwarding but do not generate an alarm themselves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19634—Electrical details of the system, e.g. component blocks for carrying out specific functions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19654—Details concerning communication with a camera
    • G08B13/1966—Wireless systems, other than telephone systems, used to communicate with a camera
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B15/00—Identifying, scaring or incapacitating burglars, thieves or intruders, e.g. by explosives
    • G08B15/001—Concealed systems, e.g. disguised alarm systems to make covert systems

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to a covert remotely controllable surveillance system.
  • Video and audio surveillance have proven to be useful tools in crime prevention, law enforcement, and intelligence gathering.
  • surveillance sensors have been permanently installed, require a wired power supply and rely on local recorders or closed-circuit networks.
  • the present invention may be placed in nearly any environment.
  • Global connectivity options extend the operational area world-wide.
  • An option to include GPS information allows the exact position of the device to be known.
  • a triggering device that responds only to certain stimuli is applied to make best use of the available battery power and connection bandwidth.
  • the use of a remote wireless triggering device allows the surveillance device to be placed at a distance from the monitored area, increasing its "covertness”. Triggers that respond to different stimuli may be used with the same surveillance unit, and placed accordingly.
  • the present invention also provides a means to adjust the operational parameters, such as trigger sensitivity, audio gain, or camera position to simplify the employment of surveillance devices and to allow for changes in environmental characteristics or operational requirements.
  • the present invention is a wireless surveillance system for remote surveillance applications.
  • the system is comprised of one or more audio (e.g., microphone) and/or video (e.g., camera) surveillance devices that are wirelessly coupled with triggering devices and remote computers.
  • the system is capable of transmitting audio, video and still pictures via wireless transmission links.
  • the wireless transmission links can be radio frequency (RF) links such as satellite up/down links or commercial cellular networks.
  • the wireless transmission links can be direct line of sight wireless communications such as infrared (IR) and the like.
  • the system is triggered to transmit audio and/or video data via a variety of sensor types, including but not limited to, infrared sensors, motion sensors, acoustic sensors, magnetic sensors, or electric field sensors.
  • the system can also be controlled and configured via a wireless link with a remote processing device such as a computer. Operations including power control, trigger parameter configuration, surveillance device parameter configuration, and redefinition of the transmitted data set can be achieved remotely.
  • the system is designed to be installed covertly or into camouflaged assemblies. Additional features can include Global Positioning System (GPS) capability, local data storage and a low-power mode operation.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • the receiver for this system can be a remote processing device having audio and video output connectivity. Or, for field applications, the system receiver can be a covert A/V receiver including audio and video reception and playback integrated into a portable playback device such as a custom eyeglass design, personal digital assistant (PDA), or the like.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • FIGURE 2 is a block diagram of one possible RF embodiment for a trigger transmitter device.
  • FIGURE 3 is a block diagram of one possible RF embodiment for a trigger receiver device.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates a flowchart of system operation.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates a block diagram of the system that comprises the present invention.
  • a single trigger sensor 100 or multiple trigger sensors 100 are strategically positioned throughout an area targeted for covert surveillance.
  • the types of trigger sensors can be employed.
  • the types of trigger sensors can be chosen arbitrarily or according to the environmental conditions of the area targeted for surveillance.
  • Sensor types include, but are not limited to, motion sensors, infrared sensors, magnetic sensors, electric field sensors, and acoustic sensors.
  • the term trigger sensor refers to a means for activating a surveillance system upon detection of a specific signal from the sensor.
  • a trigger transmitter device 102 is a wireless transmission device that is responsible for sending a signal, preferably a coded signal, to a trigger receiver device 104.
  • the signal contains information that, when decoded by a trigger decoder device 106 coupled with the trigger receiver device 104, causes a surveillance device 110 to be activated.
  • the trigger receiver device 104 is wirelessly coupled with the trigger transmitter device 102.
  • the wireless connection between the trigger transmitter device 102 and the trigger receiver device 104 can be, among other connections, an RF connection or an infrared connection.
  • the surveillance device interface 108 is responsible for controlling the actual surveillance device 110 be it an audio device, a video device or both.
  • the surveillance device 110 may be equipped with internal storage that can record as well as relay surveillance data.
  • the trigger sensor 100 indirectly initiates activation of the surveillance device 110 but a remote surveillance connection device 112 is responsible for controlling the surveillance device 110 and obtaining data from the surveillance device 110.
  • the surveillance device 110 is directly wired to the remote surveillance connection device 112.
  • the remote surveillance connection device 112 also employs a wireless connection to a remote device such as a computer (not shown).
  • the remote computer can send command data to the surveillance device 110 via the remote surveillance connection device 112 and can receive observed data from the surveillance device 110 via the remote surveillance connection device 112.
  • Command data can include commands that affect the parameters of a surveillance device 110.
  • the surveillance device is a audio/video device such as a camera with a microphone
  • parameters can include microphone sensitivity, image size, image compression ratio, as well as image pan, tilt, and zoom controls.
  • the wireless connection between the remote surveillance connection device 112 and a remote computer typically covers a much greater distance than the wireless connection between the trigger transmitter device 102 and the trigger receiver device 104.
  • the latter connection can utilize short distance low power radio frequency (RF) or infrared (IR) wireless communications.
  • RF radio frequency
  • IR infrared
  • the former connection typically uses a higher power wireless RF connection scheme that may involve a cellular phone network or a satellite up/down link.
  • One advantage to using a cellular network or a satellite connection is the ability to interface with traditional wireline communication systems such as, for instance, the Public Switching Telephone Network (PSTN) or a cable television network. This allows for Inter/Intra-net connectivity or a point-to-point connection between a surveillance device 110 and a remote computer.
  • PSTN Public Switching Telephone Network
  • cable television network This allows for Inter/Intra-net connectivity or a point-to-point connection between a surveillance device 110 and a remote computer.
  • Some surveillance operations may desire surveillance data to be sent discretely to a party that is within or near the area under surveillance.
  • an audio/visual receiving device may be discretely integrated into a pair of eyeglasses or a personal digital assistant (PDA) such as a Palm PilotTM.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the remote surveillance connection device 112 transmits surveillance data to the eyeglass or PDA device.
  • the remote surveillance connection device 112 can still be controlled by the remote computer, however.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • GPS is a system utilizing multiple satellites to determine the position of a GPS device at any given moment. Positional information can be valuable especially in a mobile surveillance scenario. Position information can be used for targeting or mapping applications. In such applications the surveillance device can be equipped with a GPS device such that it can be remotely tracked by a GPS tracking device.
  • System control commands can be sent over the wireless connection between the remote computer and the remote surveillance connection device 112. These commands are then forwarded to the surveillance device interface 108 and onto the surveillance device 110 via a serial or other type of connection.
  • the commands can include, zooming, panning, and tilting of a camera.
  • the commands can also include sensitivity adjustments to the surveillance device 110 as well as power on and off and a data erase function.
  • a serial connection between the remote surveillance connection device 112 and the surveillance device interface 108 has been illustrated in FIGURE 1.
  • a similar serial connection between the surveillance device interface 108 and the actual surveillance device 110 has also been illustrated in FIGURE 1.
  • Use of a serial connection is but one example of a coupling among the respective devices.
  • a serial connection is a ubiquitous computer interface that provides a suitable connection.
  • a trigger sensor 100 suitable for use with the present invention is a pyroelectric infra-red (PIR) motion sensor system, similar to those used in motion sensitive lighting applications.
  • PIR motion sensor device can sense motion within a 40-foot range. Upon sensing motion, a relay is energized which is used to activate the trigger transmitter device 102.
  • trigger devices that can be implemented for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, a simple micro-switch activator, a low-power 1/3 octave filter acoustic sensor, and optical "trip-wire" sensors.
  • the required output from each of these sensors is a relay that energizes the trigger transmitter device 102.
  • the sensor output relay can be either an electro-mechanical relay or a semiconductor relay for low- power operation.
  • FIGURE 2 is a block diagram of one possible RF embodiment for a trigger transmitter device 102.
  • the RF trigger transmitter device 102 of FIGURE 2 utilizes a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) multiple access method to provide a low probability of detection, improved noise immunity, and the ability to collocate multiple surveillance device/trigger systems without interference.
  • the trigger transmitter device 102 is activated by the application of power as a result of the energizing of the sensor output relay in trigger sensor 100.
  • DSSS direct sequence spread spectrum
  • This trigger transmitter device 102 is comprised of three subsystems including a pseudo-noise (PN) code generator 202, a level shifter 203, an RF mixer 204, and a bandpass filter 206.
  • the PN code generator 202 is capable of generating a PN sequence of length 1 to 15 bits.
  • the trigger transmitter device PN code is set to match that of the trigger receiver device 104 to de-spread the received signal.
  • the level shifter circuitry 203 is used to translate the unipolar PN code data into a bipolar signal which can be used to generate a binary phase-shift-keyed (BPSK) signal out of the RF mixer 204.
  • BPSK binary phase-shift-keyed
  • the trigger transmitter device 102 can alternatively be activated/deactivated by controlling the CL line on a clocking circuit (not shown) that drives the PN code generator 202.
  • a trigger receiver/decoder device 104, 106 is illustrated in FIGURE 3.
  • the mixer and oscillator (not shown) within the trigger receiver device 104 can be any of a number of components, including the same components as those used in the trigger transmitter device 102.
  • the trigger receiver device 104 uses a "cycle swallower" circuit 306 as the DSSS tracking technique. The cycle swallower 306 synchronizes the incoming PN code with the locally generated PN code.
  • FIGURE 3 encompasses both the trigger receiver and trigger decoder blocks illustrated in FIGURE 1. All components to the left of correlator 308 comprise the receiver functionality while the correlator 308 acts as the decoder.
  • a PN code generator 310 generates a local PN code that acts as a key for the received PN code such that correlator 308 generates an output only when the received and local PN codes match.
  • the surveillance device interface 108 can support virtually any surveillance device 110 that communicates over a serial data link. This permits the surveillance device 110 to be operated remotely using serial data from the remote surveillance connection device 112 which can be received from, for instance, a cellular or satellite phone network.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates a flowchart of system operation for one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Those of ordinary skill in the art can make modifications to the circuit parameters of the components of the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.
  • the values used to describe the operation of the present invention are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
  • a remote sensor (e.g., switch closure, light level change, trip wire, sonic sensor, etc.) applies power 402 to a pulse-coded RF transmitter.
  • the RF transmitter then encodes 404 a transmission to be sent to an RF receiver.
  • the RF receiver receives and decodes 406 the pulse train from the RF transmitter. If there is a code match, then a pulse is applied 408 to a trigger input on a surveillance device interface.
  • the surveillance device interface "wakes up" a surveillance device, sets the surveillance device parameters, and commands the surveillance device to operate 410.
  • the surveillance device interface also commands a remote surveillance connection device to dial a modem or otherwise establish a connection 412 with a remote computer.
  • the surveillance device Upon establishment of a connection with the remote computer, the surveillance device sends and the remote computer receives surveillance data from the surveillance device 414.
  • the remote computer can optionally send a command to erase 416 any internal storage of surveillance data residing in the surveillance device.
  • the remote computer wishes to terminate the surveillance operation it can terminate 418 its connection to the surveillance device.
  • the surveillance device interface Upon termination of its connection with the remote computer, the surveillance device interface resets the connection parameters and the surveillance device parameters 420. In addition, the surveillance device interface goes into a low- power sleep state 422 until the next time it is fully powered up due to a tripped sensor.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de surveillance polyvalent destiné à des applications de surveillance à distance. Ce système comprend un ou plusieurs dispositifs de surveillance audio (p. ex. microphone) ou vidéo (p. ex. caméra) qui sont reliés par une connexion sans fil à des dispositifs de déclenchement. Ce système permet la transmission de données audio, vidéo ou photographiques par l'intermédiaire de liaisons de transmission sans fil. Ces liaisons sans fil peuvent être des liaisons radiofréquence telles que des liaisons satellite montantes et descendantes et des réseaux cellulaires commerciaux. Ces liaisons de transmission sans fil peuvent également être des liaisons à visibilité directe telles que des liaisons à infrarouge (IR). Ce système peut être activé de manière à transmettre des données audio et/ou vidéo, soit à distance, soit en interne. Différents types de capteurs, notamment mais non exclusivement des capteurs à infrarouge, des capteurs de mouvement, des capteurs acoustiques, des capteurs magnétiques ou des capteurs de champ électrique peuvent servir de mécanisme déclencheur.
PCT/US2002/004177 2001-02-12 2002-02-12 Systeme de surveillance cache pouvant etre telecommande WO2002065420A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/466,458 US20040075547A1 (en) 2002-02-12 2002-02-12 Commandable covert surveillance system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26806701P 2001-02-12 2001-02-12
US60/268,067 2001-02-12

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003075241A1 (fr) * 2002-03-05 2003-09-12 Vergara Rodriguez Francisco Systeme de surveillance et de controle de vehicules
WO2004065185A1 (fr) * 2003-01-17 2004-08-05 Eaton Corporation Systeme de securite pour vehicule
FR2851108A1 (fr) * 2003-02-06 2004-08-13 Michel Maurice Eeckman Systeme numerique servant a la prise et a l'envoi en direct de photo lors d'effraction
GB2408166A (en) * 2003-11-17 2005-05-18 Homenet Comm Ltd Monitoring system
DE102004043816A1 (de) * 2004-09-08 2006-03-23 Paulussen Systems Gmbh Videoüberwachungssystem und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb
GB2420242A (en) * 2004-11-10 2006-05-17 Enjoy Birds More Ltd Surveillance system
CN103325201A (zh) * 2013-06-07 2013-09-25 无锡商业职业技术学院 一种gsm红外报警器
US11102027B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2021-08-24 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communication systems and methods
US11388373B2 (en) 2015-03-07 2022-07-12 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Garage door communication systems and methods
US11477417B2 (en) 2002-10-15 2022-10-18 Sb Ip Holdings Llc Communication and monitoring system
US11641452B2 (en) 2015-05-08 2023-05-02 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communication systems and methods
US11651665B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2023-05-16 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communities
US11764990B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2023-09-19 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communications systems and methods
US11854376B2 (en) 2019-08-24 2023-12-26 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communication systems and methods
US11889009B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2024-01-30 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communication and electrical systems
US11909549B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2024-02-20 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communication systems and methods

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US4257038A (en) * 1979-02-28 1981-03-17 Notifier Company Coded security system
FR2551240A1 (fr) * 1983-08-25 1985-03-01 Arphi James Dispositif de telesurveillance, de securite et similaire, avec transmission simultanee de l'image, du son et des telecommandes
US4974088A (en) * 1988-05-13 1990-11-27 Maruwa Electronic & Chemical Company Remote control apparatus for a rotating television camera base
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US5229850A (en) * 1990-07-30 1993-07-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Video monitoring system including a memory for storing and transmitting a video signal immediately following the occurrence of an event
EP0591585A1 (fr) * 1991-07-31 1994-04-13 Mutuo Tanaka Unité de surveillance à distance
GB2335523A (en) * 1998-03-17 1999-09-22 Ascot Management Solutions Ltd Remote monitoring system using the GSM network
DE19913841A1 (de) * 1999-03-27 2000-09-28 Hansjoerg Klein System zur Überwachung von schützenswerten Objekten in Räumen von Immobilien oder von mobilem Eigentum

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4257038A (en) * 1979-02-28 1981-03-17 Notifier Company Coded security system
FR2551240A1 (fr) * 1983-08-25 1985-03-01 Arphi James Dispositif de telesurveillance, de securite et similaire, avec transmission simultanee de l'image, du son et des telecommandes
US4974088A (en) * 1988-05-13 1990-11-27 Maruwa Electronic & Chemical Company Remote control apparatus for a rotating television camera base
US5027104A (en) * 1990-02-21 1991-06-25 Reid Donald J Vehicle security device
US5229850A (en) * 1990-07-30 1993-07-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Video monitoring system including a memory for storing and transmitting a video signal immediately following the occurrence of an event
EP0591585A1 (fr) * 1991-07-31 1994-04-13 Mutuo Tanaka Unité de surveillance à distance
GB2335523A (en) * 1998-03-17 1999-09-22 Ascot Management Solutions Ltd Remote monitoring system using the GSM network
DE19913841A1 (de) * 1999-03-27 2000-09-28 Hansjoerg Klein System zur Überwachung von schützenswerten Objekten in Räumen von Immobilien oder von mobilem Eigentum

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2192480A1 (es) * 2002-03-05 2003-10-01 Rodriguez Francisco Vergara Sistema de vigilancia y control de vehiculos.
WO2003075241A1 (fr) * 2002-03-05 2003-09-12 Vergara Rodriguez Francisco Systeme de surveillance et de controle de vehicules
US11477417B2 (en) 2002-10-15 2022-10-18 Sb Ip Holdings Llc Communication and monitoring system
WO2004065185A1 (fr) * 2003-01-17 2004-08-05 Eaton Corporation Systeme de securite pour vehicule
FR2851108A1 (fr) * 2003-02-06 2004-08-13 Michel Maurice Eeckman Systeme numerique servant a la prise et a l'envoi en direct de photo lors d'effraction
GB2408166A (en) * 2003-11-17 2005-05-18 Homenet Comm Ltd Monitoring system
DE102004043816A1 (de) * 2004-09-08 2006-03-23 Paulussen Systems Gmbh Videoüberwachungssystem und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb
DE102004043816B4 (de) * 2004-09-08 2006-08-31 Paulussen Systems Gmbh Videoüberwachungssystem und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb
GB2420242A (en) * 2004-11-10 2006-05-17 Enjoy Birds More Ltd Surveillance system
GB2420242B (en) * 2004-11-10 2010-07-28 Enjoy Birds More Ltd Surveillance system
CN103325201A (zh) * 2013-06-07 2013-09-25 无锡商业职业技术学院 一种gsm红外报警器
US11102027B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2021-08-24 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communication systems and methods
US11362853B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2022-06-14 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communication systems and methods
US11651665B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2023-05-16 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communities
US11764990B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2023-09-19 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communications systems and methods
US11889009B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2024-01-30 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communication and electrical systems
US11909549B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2024-02-20 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communication systems and methods
US11388373B2 (en) 2015-03-07 2022-07-12 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Garage door communication systems and methods
US11641452B2 (en) 2015-05-08 2023-05-02 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communication systems and methods
US11854376B2 (en) 2019-08-24 2023-12-26 Skybell Technologies Ip, Llc Doorbell communication systems and methods

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