WO2002048700A2 - Procede de classification de substances chimiques selon leurs caracteristiques olfactives - Google Patents

Procede de classification de substances chimiques selon leurs caracteristiques olfactives Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002048700A2
WO2002048700A2 PCT/EP2001/014242 EP0114242W WO0248700A2 WO 2002048700 A2 WO2002048700 A2 WO 2002048700A2 EP 0114242 W EP0114242 W EP 0114242W WO 0248700 A2 WO0248700 A2 WO 0248700A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensors
substance
substances
mixture
samples
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PCT/EP2001/014242
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2002048700A3 (fr
Inventor
Tilo Weiss
Dirk Vollmerhaus
Jürgen HILSMANN
Josef Penninger
Ulf-Armin Schaper
Wolfgang Lahn
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Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
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Application filed by Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien filed Critical Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
Priority to AU2002217090A priority Critical patent/AU2002217090A1/en
Publication of WO2002048700A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002048700A2/fr
Publication of WO2002048700A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002048700A3/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0001—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00 by organoleptic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0031—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the automated, qualitative classification of chemical substances and substance mixtures according to odor characteristics, as well as the use of this method for raw material control, production control, production control and end point control according to odor criteria.
  • the invention further relates to a sensor system for the automated qualitative classification of chemical substances according to noisy characteristics.
  • the smell of the end product is of crucial importance, especially in the case of end consumer products such as washing and cleaning agents. Odd or foul-smelling detergents are usually for sale. Since even the slightest trace of impurities and by-products can have a considerable influence on the smell of a mixture of substances. These Ideine fractions of impurities are either not detected by conventional routine analysis or their influence on the smell of the mixture of substances is not recognized. Thus in State-of-the-art methods, in addition to the complex chemical analysis, also perform human-sensory odor controls.
  • the sensor systems described in the prior art generally serve for the detection of individual odor substances and their quantification.
  • the correlation of the data obtained with the technical system and the properties of the examined samples is an essential prerequisite.
  • this correlation is generally easy to establish, since, for example, the quality of plastics and packaging materials or the progress of the reaction in biotechnological processes can be determined using methods of chemical analysis using the occurrence of determinable and quantifiable known substances.
  • a major problem of the quality control of perfumed products or of products in which the smell is an essential property is that the smell of the product is as a rule largely determined by the added perfume or the added odorous substances.
  • a secondary smell or disturbing smell, which affects the olfactory quality and which is perceived by the consumer as negative, is usually only present in small traces with regard to its material origin.
  • the object of the present invention was to develop methods which enable the automated monitoring of a production chain from the raw material for the raw product to the finished end product on the basis of odor characteristics.
  • Another object of the present invention was to develop a method for controlling and optimizing a chemical production which works by means of automatic sensor systems based on olfactory features. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to develop a method for automated quality control of raw materials, raw products, intermediate products and / or end products on the basis of noisy features.
  • Another object of the present invention was to provide a suitable sensor system for classifying chemical substances and substance mixtures.
  • the present invention provides a method for the automated, qualitative classification of chemical substances and substance mixtures according to odor characteristics, which comprises the following steps:
  • sensor systems have the advantage over the conventional methods of instrumental analysis that sensor systems can make statements about the presence or absence of certain substances with considerably less instrumental effort and with greater sensitivity.
  • Advantages of sensor systems are furthermore that generally there is no need to separate individual substances or to accumulate the smallest trace amounts.
  • the sensor system used according to the invention comprises at least two sensors.
  • the sensors used in the sensor system can be the same or different types of sensors.
  • Preferred sensor systems are monolithic and hybrid interconnections of several sensors of the same or different types, both with or without an electronic evaluation circuit.
  • the sensor system according to the invention enables the multidimensional measurement of various substances contributing to the overall sound of the measured substance.
  • the sensor system comprises 2 to 20, preferably 3 to 15 and particularly preferably 4 to 10, in particular 12 electronic, chemical sensors.
  • the sensor system according to the invention can also contain 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 or more than 20 sensors.
  • Sensors in the sense of the invention are understood to be those which convert mechanical, acoustic, thermal, chemical, optical, magnetic or electrical input signals into measurable and electronically evaluable quantities.
  • Chemical sensors are particularly preferred in the context of the present invention.
  • Chemical sensors in the sense of this invention are sensors that can measure individual substances or groups of substances in complex substance mixtures qualitatively and / or quantitatively.
  • Chemical sensors in the sense of this invention generally consist of a chemically active material which is to react as specifically as possible with a specific substance to be measured, which is generally coupled to a physical transducer.
  • a chemically active material which is to react as specifically as possible with a specific substance to be measured, which is generally coupled to a physical transducer.
  • sensors which can be used according to the invention are dielectric sensors, electrochemical sensors, fiber-optic sensors, amperometric sensors, ion-sensitive sensors, magnetoresistive sensors, optical sensors, potentiometric sensors, receptive sensors, and the like.
  • sensors are selected from the group consisting of MOSFET sensors, MISiC sensors, metal oxide sensors, sensors with electrically conductive polymers, quartz sensors, in particular polymer-coated quartz sensors, amperometric electrochemical cells, conductivity sensors , Capacitance sensors, in particular interdigital capacitors, thermopiles, catalytic sensors (in particular so-called hot-wire sensors), semiconductor sensors, thermal conductivity sensors, and / or ionization detectors, and the like, the aforementioned sensors being able to be arranged in any combination.
  • a defined amount of the product to be determined is filled into a closed sample vessel with a suitable sampler and then an equilibrium is established in the gas space above the sample at elevated temperature, for example at 60 ° C. A defined amount is removed from the gas space above the samples with a hollow needle and transferred to the chemical sensor system.
  • the sensor system consisting of several different sensors delivers a feature vector with a higher dimensionality.
  • a sensor system consisting of n sensors delivers a feature vector in n-dimensional form or a higher dimensionality (mathematically considered an n-tuple or n + x-tuple).
  • the feature vectors of the sensor system are subjected to a mathematical coordinate transformation with a main component analysis.
  • Corresponding mathematical-statistical evaluation methods using main component analysis are known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in international patent application WO99 / 12028, the statistical processing of measured values of which can be used in the method according to the invention.
  • quality control For quality control, a clear assignment of a unique quality characteristic to each individual sample is still required.
  • the quality characteristics must be uniform within a class of samples, since the class is defined by the uniform quality.
  • the human sensory examiners are usually trained perfumers who guarantee a high degree of olfactory judgment. Through their human sensory classification of individual odors of the measured reference samples, an odor characteristic cluster is defined for each olfactory uniform class of samples, which corresponds to the graphical representation of the elliptical or ellipsoidal representation of the feature vectors of a sample or a uniform class of samples.
  • the correlation between the objective and reproducible measurement results obtained with the technical sensor system and the classification of the human sensory experts enables a quality control or an automated classification of chemical substance mixtures according to odor characteristics to be achieved using objective methods. All that is required is to measure an (unknown) sample and determine the relative position of the measured value obtained in relation to one of the odor clusters.
  • the method according to the invention for the automated qualitative classification of chemical substances and substance mixtures according to olfactory characteristics essentially comprises the following steps: First, reference samples predetermined by human sensors are measured using a sensor system according to the invention, comprising at least two sensors. Measured values are generated in the form of n-dimensional feature vectors, where n is the number of sensors in the chemical sensor system. These n-dimensional feature vectors of the measured reference samples are subjected to a main component analysis with a coordinate transformation using known mathematical-statistical evaluation methods.
  • the first main component is aligned so that it represents a maximum variance and thus also a maximum information between the individual samples
  • the second and further main components are each aligned orthogonally to the already defined main components.
  • the result is a multidimensional (usually two or three-dimensional) representation of the measurement results, in which the values on the same samples coincide and the values of different samples are separated as much as possible.
  • the scatter within a set of identical samples (as a result of certain inhomogeneities and random errors in the measurement) can be taken into account by determining the standard deviation ⁇ in the direction of maximum variance and orthogonally to it.
  • This ellipse or the ellipsoid defines an odor characteristic cluster in which the measured values of identical or similarly odor-like samples are located. The measured values of odorlessly different samples are outside of this cluster, due to the mathematical evaluation, as a rule relatively far away.
  • the so-called olfactory feature cluster defines in the two- or three-dimensional representation a range of measured values that stands for a certain olfactory class that was previously classified by human senses. According to the invention, it was found that all measurement values falling within the range of this olfactory feature cluster thus have the same or very similar odor properties or quality.
  • the size of the olfactory characteristic cluster results from the standard deviation ⁇ .
  • the size of the ellipsoid or ellipse can be varied by multiplying the standard deviation ⁇ by factors f.
  • the larger f is chosen, the larger the area or space of the olfactory feature cluster, and the correspondingly larger the range of odors that are combined in this cluster.
  • a suitable factor f as a multiplier of the standard deviation, a no-tolerance can be defined.
  • a standard deviation of 1-5 ⁇ , preferably 2-4 ⁇ , particularly preferably 1 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ or 3 ⁇ is preferred.
  • olfactory clusters can be defined in terms of the classification according to positive or negative criteria.
  • positively defined odor clusters can be formed which define a range of measured values within which odor-acceptable samples or products occur.
  • a negative defined odor cluster can be formed by human sensory determination of odorally unacceptable substance samples, which accordingly defines a range of measured values by means of which samples can be determined which have unacceptable odor properties.
  • the system according to the invention After generating at least one or more positively and / or negatively defined olfactory feature clusters using reference samples classified as human senses, the system according to the invention is adequately calibrated. Samples of any substances or mixtures of substances can now be measured using the sensor system according to the invention, with each measured substance / mixture of substances receiving a correspondingly assigned measured value from the sensor system.
  • the framework properties of the measured substance / mixture of substances is now determined by determining the relative position of the measured value in or to one of the previously defined odor characteristic clusters. Is the measured value of the measured mixture of substances half the limits of a previously formed olfactory feature cluster, the olfactory properties of the mixture of substances correspond to the olfactory properties of the olfactory feature cluster.
  • each measurement value of the sensor system can be assigned a previously defined scent or smell impression, which enables a corresponding classification of the measured product according to olfactory criteria.
  • the method according to the invention can be used in the quality control of raw materials, intermediate and / or end products in the chemical industry.
  • an objectifiable, automated Gerachs classification of the measured substances is possible.
  • the method according to the invention can be used to distinguish odorally acceptable from odorally unacceptable products.
  • a method for the production control and / or monitoring of chemical processes according to odor characteristics comprising the mixing of at least two raw materials, and the method being characterized in that at least one point within the Process samples of the mixture of substances are taken, the samples are measured according to the above-mentioned process for automated, qualitative classification, and the measurement values obtained in this way are used by means of a suitable control loop to control the amount of at least one raw material, additive or auxiliary substance used.
  • the method according to the invention can be used to monitor an entire chemical production chain from the raw material through the raw product to the finished product.
  • even slight irregularities in the production process or slight deviations in the quality of the individual raw materials used can result in a noisy end product being produced if these are not recognized in time.
  • the unpleasant odors that are already contained in individual raw materials of a finished product can, for example, extend over the entire production chain and make a finished finished product unusable or unsaleable.
  • the raw material When the raw material is processed, chemical reactions can take place that convert previously inactive substances into odors and vice versa.
  • the raw material can be present in a changed state of matter (solid / liquid / gaseous) in the finished product.
  • the release of olfactory active substances, and thus the smell of the end product depends very much on this state of matter and must be taken into account accordingly.
  • the raw material used is present in a modified matrix in the finished product.
  • the hydrophilicity changes in the manufacture of a product in such a way that an odor-active substance which was previously bound in an aqueous environment and therefore was not perceived by the smell in the gas space is released in the hydrophobic product and thus only produces an odor ,
  • the method according to the invention enables the quality requirements for a raw material to be optimized so that it can be used exactly in the quality that represents an optimum of costs and influence on the no-nonsense quality of the end product.
  • Corresponding control or monitoring of a production chain using the method according to the invention is preferably carried out by dividing the production chain into different areas, such as raw materials, raw products, intermediate products and finished products, in some or all areas within the production chain, but at least at one point in the Production process, the method according to the invention is used for classification according to odor characteristics. In each of these areas or for each measuring point, the components are defined which can lead to an odor pollution of the finished product. Furthermore, a technically suitable sampling system can be defined for each area and a corresponding sensor system that allows the best possible measurement results can be put together for each product area.
  • Samples within a production chain can be taken online, at-line and offline and then analyzed in the method according to the invention.
  • the sample is taken continuously and automatically from the production process, characterized using the sensor system according to the invention and an evaluation is carried out.
  • the sample is taken from the production process and characterized in a separate apparatus at the production site using the method according to the invention.
  • the sample is taken at the production site and brought to a special laboratory for subsequent characterization using the method according to the invention.
  • this information can be used to directly determine the cause of the problem. Ideally, this is also possible through the olfactory characterization according to the method according to the invention on only one intermediate level of the raw products, and the effort required for olfactory quality control is considerably reduced.
  • the method according to the invention is used to control and optimize production. Based on the knowledge gained by monitoring production using the chemical sensor system according to the invention, production can be controlled and optimized accordingly.
  • the measured values obtained at various points in the production chain can be used directly to control the product composition by means of suitable control loops.
  • Corresponding control loops and control devices are known in the prior art and familiar to the person skilled in the art. It can thus be concluded from the measured values whether the addition of, for example, further perfumes, further odorous substances, further additives or auxiliaries, further raw materials and the like is required, and the addition is regulated accordingly.
  • the method according to the invention can thus be used, for example, to reduce costs through the precisely controlled use of poorer quality raw materials in a mixture with higher raw material qualities.
  • a raw material with two different different olfactory qualities For example, in a product a raw material with two different different olfactory qualities.
  • the cheaper raw material has an undesirable odor and can therefore not be used exclusively for production.
  • the ratio of these two raw materials can be controlled with the control using the method according to the invention for classification according to odor characteristics by the chemical sensor system in such a way that a sufficient noisy quality is maintained, ie a threshold value for the undesirable secondary odor is not exceeded.
  • undesirable secondary odors in a raw material or on the finished product can be covered with precisely metered amounts of perfume during the production process, so that an acceptable overall odor impression of the end product results.
  • the method according to the invention enables an exact determination of how far the detected smell is from the acceptable smell. For this purpose, only the location of the measuring point relative to the corresponding reference olfactory feature cluster has to be determined, according to which the measured value is gradually shifted in the direction of the olfactory feature cluster until it lies within the feature cluster, that is to say has acceptable odor properties, by successively adding perfume.
  • the required amount of perfume for shifting the sample measured value into the olfactory feature cluster can be calculated with sufficient accuracy. From now on, this calibration can be used to mathematically determine the required amount of perfume to be added. The calculation does not include the amount of perfume but the objective impression of the finished product. Production can be controlled directly with this method using the odor-specific control variables obtained.
  • the required quantities of the higher-quality product to be added can be calculated directly from the distance of the respective measurement point to the required cluster of geranium characteristics and the production can be controlled according to odor criteria.
  • a method for production control according to olfactory criteria in which, by means of suitable calibration measurements and / or suitable mathematical evaluations, control variables for controlling the amount of a substance to be added are determined, which shift the measured value of a substance or mixture of substances create a cluster of olfactory characteristics.
  • a method for production control according to olfactory criteria is also provided, in which, based on one or more measured values, which are obtained by adding known amounts of another substance or mixture of substances to the substance or mixture of substances being measured, the respectively to be added Amount of the other substance or substance mixture is determined, which hosts the shift in the measured value of the measured substance or substance mixture in or in the direction of a desired olfactory characteristic cluster.
  • the other substance or mixture of substances here designates a substance / substance mixture which differs in smell from the measured sample.
  • a raw material a perfume, an intermediate or by-product or a raw material with other odor properties.
  • the method according to the invention thus enables the targeted change in the odor properties of any substance / substance mixture sample in the direction of a desired odor through automated production control according to odor criteria.
  • the amounts of perfume used to cover undesirable secondary odors can be optimized by means of the method according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention enables a precisely metered use of perfume oil while avoiding expensive perfuming.
  • all individual raw materials and intermediate products of the production process are first examined with regard to their smell with the sensor system according to the invention. To this end, the components are identified that can lead to undesirable odors in the finished product.
  • Threshold values are defined for each of these components, which ensure that the finished product is legally sound.
  • the threshold values cannot be considered independently of one another, since there can be interactions between individual components and the threshold values also influence one another.
  • defined odor characteristic clusters can be formed at every measuring point within the production chain, which can be used to optimize production.
  • the corresponding raw materials, intermediate products and the finished product must be continuously checked using the method according to the invention, compared with the olfactory feature clusters typical for each measuring point and an adjustment of the production carried out on the basis of this data.
  • An example of this is the use of a certain raw material in two different qualities in one product. The raw material with a lower odor quality and therefore usually a lower price is continuously mixed with a second batch of higher quality in such a way that the resulting intermediate product is produced in the required noiseless quality. Noise fluctuations in the raw materials are continuously recorded by the method according to the invention and the ratio of the components in the mixture is adjusted accordingly.
  • the process according to the invention can only be used to determine the inherent smell of the corresponding components and to determine from this the amount of perfume or other additives required in order to obtain this characteristic smell cover or neutralize.
  • the method according to the invention is advantageously used for an optimal use of the amount of these neutralizing additives.
  • Example 1 a finished detergent product was examined using the method according to the invention.
  • a sensor system consisting of 12 sensors was used, these sensors comprising 4 metal oxide conductivity sensors and 8 polymer-coated quartz sensors.
  • the position of the acceptable samples within the olfactory feature cluster (1) differs significantly from that of the samples with unacceptable odors.
  • the reference diagram according to FIG. 1 thus enables unambiguous assignment of geranium properties of unknown or non-human sensed production batches of the underlying detergent by simply determining the relative position of a measuring point in or to the odor characteristic cluster defined as acceptable.
  • Example 2 Various samples of a non-ionic surfactant were examined using the sensor system from Example 1. The measurement values were evaluated in the same way as in Example 1. The graphical plotting of the measurement values obtained in FIG. 2 shows a clear graph formation of individual signals. Based on the human sensory classification, by determining the standard deviation in the direction of the maximum variance of the group of non-acceptable surfactant samples, an elliptical olfactory feature cluster (2) could be defined, which indicates the range of measured values that characterize samples that are not odor-acceptable.

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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de classification qualitative automatisée de substances chimiques et de mélanges de substances chimiques selon leurs caractéristiques olfactives. Ledit procédé consiste a) à mesurer des échantillons de référence prédéfinis de manière sensorielle humaine au moyen d'un système de capteurs comportant au moins deux capteurs ; b) à produire au moins une valeur de mesure pour le ou les échantillons de référence correspondants ; c) à créer un ou plusieurs ensembles de caractéristiques olfactives sur la base des valeurs de mesure déterminées pour les échantillons de référence ; d) à mesurer un échantillon d'une substance ou d'un mélange de substances au moyen dudit système de capteurs, avec obtention d'au moins une valeur de mesure du système de capteurs, affectée à la substance ou au mélange de substances ; et, e) à déterminer les propriétés olfactives de la substance ou du mélange de substances au moyen de la position relative de la ou des valeurs de mesure correspondantes dans ou par rapport à un des ensembles définis à l'étape c). Le procédé selon l'invention peut être employé pour la commande de production de processus chimiques selon les caractéristiques olfactives. Des échantillons du mélange de substances sont prélevés dans au moins une position du processus, les échantillons sont mesurés au moyen du procédé de classification, et les valeurs de mesure ainsi obtenues sont utilisées avec un circuit de régulation adapté pour la commande de la quantité employée d'au moins un produit brut, additif ou auxiliaire.
PCT/EP2001/014242 2000-12-14 2001-12-05 Procede de classification de substances chimiques selon leurs caracteristiques olfactives WO2002048700A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002217090A AU2002217090A1 (en) 2000-12-14 2001-12-05 Method for classifying chemical substances according to olfactory characteristics

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10062261.5 2000-12-14
DE2000162261 DE10062261A1 (de) 2000-12-14 2000-12-14 Verfahren zur Klassifizierung chemischer Stoffe nach Geruchsmerkmalen

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WO2002048700A3 WO2002048700A3 (fr) 2003-09-25

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EP1661973A4 (fr) * 2003-09-05 2010-02-17 Shiseido Co Ltd Composition de parfum pour le controle de sensibilite a la temperature, article de controle de sensibilite, procede de controle de sensibilite et carte de parfums

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DE10062261A1 (de) 2002-07-04
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