WO2002043196A2 - Technisches gebiet - Google Patents
Technisches gebiet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002043196A2 WO2002043196A2 PCT/EP2001/011109 EP0111109W WO0243196A2 WO 2002043196 A2 WO2002043196 A2 WO 2002043196A2 EP 0111109 W EP0111109 W EP 0111109W WO 0243196 A2 WO0243196 A2 WO 0243196A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- laser
- intensity
- profile
- transmitter
- laser beam
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/0225—Out-coupling of light
- H01S5/02253—Out-coupling of light using lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
Definitions
- the invention relates to a laser transmitter, in particular for free space data transmission and / or shot simulation, of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
- such a weapon transmitter installed on the weapon works together with a laser receiver installed at the target, which, after receiving the laser beam consisting of a large number of laser pulses by means of detectors arranged at the target, evaluates the shot data transmitted with a coding of the laser pulses for the purpose of determining and evaluating the results.
- the laser beam is circularly collimated by the transmitter optics and its spatial extent of the beam profile, the intensity distribution and the divergence are influenced.
- Known transmitter optics have classic spherical or aspherical lenses that produce good collimation of the laser beam with a Gaussian intensity distribution within the far field within the beam profile of the laser beam, the intensity decreasing with increasing range and the diameter of the laser beam initially increasing with respect to a minimum intensity.
- the cross section of the laser beam is to be understood as an intensity limit and is defined by the previously defined sensitivity of the laser receiver receiving the laser beam. He is the area of the beam profile in which the intensity exceeds this intensity limit. Below this limit, the laser pulses of the laser beam reaching the laser receiver are ignored.
- the limited maximum range of the laser transmitter can also not be increased by a higher power of the laser diode, since the laser transmitter for applications such as free space data transmission or shot simulation must correspond to laser class 1 for reasons of eye protection and the permissible limit value of the power is determined by the size of the light source is.
- a known device for emitting a light beam for illuminating a distant target area (DE 693 11 344 T2) is used in an optical free space communication system in which the device emits an optical signal over distances of up to several kilometers.
- the device has a coherent light source that casts light onto a hologram.
- a lens is arranged between the light source and the hologram, which widens or at least partially aligns the light beam before it strikes the hologram.
- the hologram contains a transparent plastic plate on which a replica of the surface relief indifference pattern is formed from an original pattern.
- the pattern itself is protected by a transparent pane.
- the pattern is a computer-generated indifference pattern that is derived from a mathematical model and is composed of repeated cells.
- Each cell pattern is designed in such a way that it generates a matrix of rays which together form a composite ray with a predefinable shape and / or distribution in the far field.
- the indifference pattern in all cells is a binary phase pattern that optionally delays the phase of the incident light. By changing the phase of the incident light, the direction of propagation is changed so that multiple rays of light emerging from the hologram propagate in different scattered directions within the angle of the composite beam, so that refocusing of the light beam is prevented.
- an optical device is provided in order to achieve an essentially circular far field profile, which detects the angle of divergence of the laser beam in a short axis of the elliptical cross-sectional profile parallel direction enlarged.
- Such an optical device is, for example, a rod lens or a cylindrical lens.
- the cylindrical lens can also be used to correct the light intensity or intensity distribution of the laser beam.
- the light intensity with an elliptical profile which corresponds to a Gaussian distribution curve, is changed into an approximately bell-shaped intensity distribution in the circular far field profile, the divergence angle range being reduced.
- the edge part of the laser beam can thus be used effectively to increase the light intensity and thus reduce the light output power.
- the invention has for its object to generate a circularly collimated laser beam in a laser transmitter of the type mentioned, which has a much larger range and an adaptable to the specific application cross section, which is approximately constant over the range and according to customer requirements can be varied.
- the laser transmitter according to the invention has the advantage that the novel intensity distribution in the beam profile of the laser beam produces an effective cross section within spatially definable limits, which can be made almost constant and then changes only slightly with the distance from the laser transmitter.
- the intensity is extremely high and drops very sharply towards the edge of the cross section, so that the cross section within one very large distance range regardless of the distance.
- the range of the laser transmitter can be increased considerably with the increased intensity in the cross section of the laser beam.
- the laser transmitter connected to a weapon, for example the weapon of a shot simulator, according to the invention, its alignment with the soul axis of the weapon, or with the riflescope fixedly connected to the weapon, can be checked simply and without the complex adjustment devices previously used and so the Laser transmitters must be adjusted as required after every long exercise. All that is required is to point the crosshairs of the telescopic sight at a laser detector arranged at a distance of a few hundred meters and to adjust the laser transmitter until the laser detector detects laser light.
- the laser detector has a very low sensitivity, ie a very high intensity threshold, above which it can only detect laser pulses.
- the cross section of the laser beam is relatively small at the high intensity threshold of the laser detector, so that only a slight, negligible deviation occurs when adjusting between the crosshairs and the center of the cross section.
- the cross section of the laser beam is to be understood as an intensity limit, which is determined by the sensitivity of the laser detector. It is the area of the beam profile in which the intensity exceeds the intensity limit.
- the intensity profile in the beam profile of the function is the intensity profile in the beam profile of the function
- the minimum intensity is through the sensitivity of the laser receiver detecting the laser beam is specified and the intensity limit below which the laser receiver no longer responds to the laser pulses. If the loss of intensity in the laser beam due to absorption in the air is neglected, which is permitted, for example, for a distance of up to 100 - 200 m from the laser transmitter, the specified function can be implemented exactly. If the absorption losses are taken into account, which is absolutely necessary for longer ranges, the intensity curve deviates more or less from the specified function. The realized intensity curve results in a constant cross section over a very large distance range.
- the transmitter optics has diffractive optical elements with microrelief surfaces. These optical elements enable miniaturization of the optics compared to a conventional lens system.
- the laser transmitter according to the invention with the optical and electronic components enables the transition to pure microstructure technology.
- the transmitter optics is designed in such a way that the cross section of the laser beam in the extremely close range is almost unchanged despite the beam profile having a smaller cross section, in particular not being smaller than in the far range.
- the transmitter optics is designed so that it gives the low-intensity edge region of the laser beam a higher divergence than the rest of the region.
- the laser beam is thus widened in the near field without the widening being noticeable in the far field. Divergence or widening of the laser beam means the change in the beam diameter relative to the maximum intensity.
- a holographic diffuser is arranged between the laser diode and the transmission optics.
- the holographic diffuser known per se which scatters the laser light generated by the laser diode primarily in the beam direction and thus has a significantly improved efficiency compared to conventional diffusers which scatter light in all directions, causes one Enlargement of the apparent size of the light source, as a result of which the permissible laser power falls below the limit value, since the unchanged laser power is now distributed over a larger area. This in turn enables the power of the laser diode to be increased until the permissible limit is reached again, so that the intensity and thus the range of the laser beam also increase with the increased laser power.
- the range of the laser transmitter can be increased over 4000 m.
- the cross section can also be influenced with the holographic diffuser, since the divergence of the laser beam regions that interact with the diffuser, for example the beam edge region, can be changed.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a laser transmitter for a
- Fig. 2 is a diagram of the intensity distribution in the beam profile of the
- Laser transmitter according to FIG. 1 emitted laser beam.
- the laser transmitter shown only schematically in FIG. 1 is used, for example, in a shot simulator and is arranged on the weapon in such a way that its transmission direction is aligned parallel to the gun barrel.
- the laser transmitter interacts with a laser receiver installed at the target, which has a large number of light detectors distributed over the target and evaluation electronics.
- the weapon Upon receipt of the laser beam emitted by the laser transmitter, consisting of laser pulses, by the light detectors, the weapon is encoded by the laser pulses shot data transmitted to the target is evaluated by the evaluation electronics for hit determination and evaluation.
- the laser transmitter has a laser diode 11 with transmitter electronics 12, a transmitter optics 13 and a holographic diffuser 14 arranged between the laser diode 11 and transmitter optics 13.
- the components mentioned are combined in a housing 17.
- the laser diode 11 with transmitter electronics 12 generates a laser beam 10 composed of laser pulses, which collimates circularly by means of the transmitter optics 13 and is influenced in the spatial expansion of the beam profile, the intensity distribution over the beam profile and the divergence.
- the transmitter optics 13 consists of diffractive elements with a microrelief surface, by means of which a 3D beam shaping is carried out, i.e.
- the laser beam 10 is also influenced in a distance-dependent manner.
- the holographic diffuser 14 serves to improve the optical properties with regard to the homogeneity and cross section of the laser beam 10 and to achieve greater ranges.
- Transmitter optics 13 and holographic diffuser 14 are preferably combined and implemented by means of one to three individual optical elements. This enables price reductions, reduced construction space, minimizes the adjustment effort and increases the robustness of the laser transmitter, which is particularly desirable for military applications.
- the holographic diffuser 14 which is known per se, contains a special microstructure and differs from conventional diffusers by its significantly higher efficiency, which is due to the fact that the laser light is scattered only in the beam direction.
- the diffuser 14 causes an increase in the apparent size of the light source formed by the laser diode 11, so that the power of the laser diode 11 is increased and the range of the laser transmitter can thereby be increased if the limit values for the laser class 1 are observed.
- the diffractive elements of the transmitter optics 13 and the diffuser 14 are made of plastic or glass. However, other substances can also be used for wavelengths outside the transparency of glass and plastic.
- the diffractive elements of the transmitter optics 13 are designed so that in the center M of the beam profile 15, the in
- Fig. 1 is indicated, a spatially narrow, extremely large intensity maximum with a steep falling edge is available.
- the intensity distribution over the beam cross section is shown in FIG. 2, the intensity profile being a function of the intensity as a function of the distance r from the center M of the beam profile 15.
- the intensity curve of the function is sufficient
- the cross section 16 of the laser beam 10 is shown in FIG. 2 rotated by 90 ° in the drawing plane for better illustration.
- This cross section 16 is to be understood as the intensity limit, which is defined by the previously defined sensitivity of the target-side laser receiver which interacts with the laser transmitter for the simulation of the shot. It is the area of the beam profile in which the intensity exceeds the intensity limit.
- the laser receiver is designed so that below this intensity limit, which is plotted with D l in Fig. 2, which are ignored the laser receiver reaching the laser pulses of the laser beam 10 from the laser receiver.
- the cross section 16 of the laser beam 10 is almost independent of the intensity I due to the steep falling edge, so that the cross section 16 decreases even with a greater range Intensity I of the laser beam 10 does not change or changes only insignificantly.
- the cross section 16 is therefore independent of the target distance and almost constant.
- the described intensity profile in the beam profile 15, achieved by appropriate design of the transmitter optics 13, also contributes to the range increase, since the spatially limited intensity peak in the center of the beam profile 15 means that the target-side laser receiver has the same range and the same transmitter power is applied with a much higher intensity than this, for example Gaussian or homogeneous intensity distribution over the beam profile 15 is the case.
- the diffractive elements of the transmitter optics 13 are designed in such a way that the cross section 16 of the laser beam 10, which is almost constant in the far range, does not decrease appreciably even at very short distances from the laser transmitter.
- the divergence of the edge region of the laser beam 10 compared to the rest of the beam region is increased by appropriate design of the transmitter optics 13, so that in the close range with the low-intensity edge rays there is an enlarged beam cross section which is no longer present in the far region due to the low intensity of the edge rays.
- the enlarged cross-section of the beam also results in an enlarged cross-section of the laser beam in the close range.
- the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment described.
- the almost constant cross section of the laser beam over the entire range of the laser transmitter as described above can also be changed within limits and in range sections, i.e. be enlarged or reduced.
- the intensity assessment described is retained in the beam profile.
- the field of application of the laser transmitter described is not limited to the application described for shot simulation, in addition to a hit simulation data for hit evaluation is also transmitted to the target by means of the laser beam.
- the laser transmitter can also be used for purely communication purposes, for example for the transmission of any data and information across a free space.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002429420A CA2429420A1 (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2001-09-26 | Laser transmitter |
AU2002213962A AU2002213962A1 (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2001-09-26 | Laser emitter |
EP01982355A EP1350288A2 (de) | 2000-11-21 | 2001-09-26 | Technisches gebiet |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10057666A DE10057666A1 (de) | 2000-11-21 | 2000-11-21 | Lasersender |
DE10057666.4 | 2000-11-21 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002043196A2 true WO2002043196A2 (de) | 2002-05-30 |
WO2002043196A3 WO2002043196A3 (de) | 2003-07-31 |
Family
ID=7664061
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2001/011109 WO2002043196A2 (de) | 2000-11-21 | 2001-09-26 | Technisches gebiet |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1350288A2 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2002213962A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2429420A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10057666A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002043196A2 (de) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0429243A2 (de) * | 1989-11-17 | 1991-05-29 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Bündelformungssystem mittels Diffraktion |
US5245619A (en) * | 1992-01-03 | 1993-09-14 | Kronberg James W | Generation of low-divergence laser beams |
EP0580905A1 (de) * | 1992-07-28 | 1994-02-02 | BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company | Optische Strahlungsvorrichtung |
DE19536451A1 (de) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-04-10 | Siemens Ag | Infrarotsender |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5499262A (en) * | 1992-03-18 | 1996-03-12 | Rohm Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor laser light source unit |
-
2000
- 2000-11-21 DE DE10057666A patent/DE10057666A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-09-26 AU AU2002213962A patent/AU2002213962A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-26 WO PCT/EP2001/011109 patent/WO2002043196A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-09-26 EP EP01982355A patent/EP1350288A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-09-26 CA CA002429420A patent/CA2429420A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0429243A2 (de) * | 1989-11-17 | 1991-05-29 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Bündelformungssystem mittels Diffraktion |
US5245619A (en) * | 1992-01-03 | 1993-09-14 | Kronberg James W | Generation of low-divergence laser beams |
EP0580905A1 (de) * | 1992-07-28 | 1994-02-02 | BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company | Optische Strahlungsvorrichtung |
DE19536451A1 (de) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-04-10 | Siemens Ag | Infrarotsender |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10057666A1 (de) | 2002-06-06 |
WO2002043196A3 (de) | 2003-07-31 |
EP1350288A2 (de) | 2003-10-08 |
CA2429420A1 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
AU2002213962A1 (en) | 2002-06-03 |
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