WO2002023560A1 - Transduktordrossel mit magnetkern, verwendung von transduktordrosseln sowie verfahren zur herstellung von magnetkernen für transduktordrosseln - Google Patents
Transduktordrossel mit magnetkern, verwendung von transduktordrosseln sowie verfahren zur herstellung von magnetkernen für transduktordrosseln Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002023560A1 WO2002023560A1 PCT/EP2001/010362 EP0110362W WO0223560A1 WO 2002023560 A1 WO2002023560 A1 WO 2002023560A1 EP 0110362 W EP0110362 W EP 0110362W WO 0223560 A1 WO0223560 A1 WO 0223560A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic core
- temperature
- magnetic
- alloy
- transductor
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 86
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007709 nanocrystallization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000080575 Oxalis tetraphylla Species 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZDVYABSQRRRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;iron Chemical compound [Fe]#B ZDVYABSQRRRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005417 remagnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006334 epoxy coating Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
- H01F1/15308—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals based on Fe/Ni
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
- H01F1/15333—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals containing nanocrystallites, e.g. obtained by annealing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0213—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s)
- H01F41/0226—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s) from amorphous ribbons
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
Definitions
- Transductor choke with magnetic core use of transductor chokes and method for manufacturing magnetic cores for transductor chokes
- the invention relates to a transducer choke with magnetic core, use of transducer chokes and methods for producing magnetic cores for transducer chokes.
- Switched power supplies with transducer regulators with clock frequencies between 20 kHz and 300 kHz are used in ever more diverse applications, for example in applications that require very precisely regulated voltages or currents despite rapid load changes. These are e.g. B. switched power supplies for PCs or printers.
- transducer controller with a corresponding transducer choke and the connected switched-mode power supplies are described in detail, for example, in DE 198 44 132 AI or VAC company publication TB-410-1, 1988.
- the resistance of the windings should be as small as possible in order to reduce winding losses. This can be achieved by reducing the number of turns while increasing the conductor cross-section. This simultaneously causes an increase in the changeover modulation of the transducer core material and thus the remagnetization losses.
- the transducer core volumes and thus the component volumes are only significantly reduced if the specific losses of the transducer core material are significantly reduced or because of very high losses high application limit temperatures are permissible.
- the so-called induction stroke ⁇ BRS Bg-Bj ⁇ from the remanence BR to the saturation B s should be as small as possible, since the induction stroke ⁇ BRS means a voltage-time area that cannot be regulated.
- the voltage-time area offered to the transducer for regulation becomes smaller and smaller, which means that a large voltage-time area due to ⁇ BRS has an increasing effect.
- This can be compensated for by an increase in the core geometry or the core volume, but this can also result in an increase in the magnetic reversal losses.
- transducer cores with a rectangular hysteresis loop have particularly high remanence values, these are particularly well suited for transducer regulators with higher operating frequencies. Such rectangular properties can arise if the transducer core material has a uniaxial anisotropy K u parallel to the direction of the magnetic field H generated by the winding.
- alloy examples given in the exemplary embodiments in connection with the heat treatments described there for the transformer cores indicate that these are not optimized for use at high frequencies due to excessive losses. Even the maximum possible magnetic losses are tolerated. This obviously limits the maximum possible operating frequencies to 150 kHz. Furthermore, in most of the examples described, loss increases and noise development due to magnetoelastic resonances can be expected.
- the magnetic cores used for this purpose should have a very high aging stability up to temperatures of at least 150 ° C. or beyond and should be distinguished by a very small magnetic core volume.
- transducer choke according to claim 1 or a method for producing a magnetic core for a transducer choke according to one of claims 7 or 8 or the use of such a transducer choke according to claim 14.
- Refinements and developments of the inventive concept are the subject of dependent claims.
- a transducer choke with a magnetic core made of a nanocrystalline alloy which has the composition Fe a CO] - Cu c M 'c
- this alloy After heat treatment, which has to be matched exactly to the respective composition, this alloy has a fine crystalline structure with a metallographic grain of average size D ⁇ 100 nm and a volume fulfillment of more than 30% , a hysteresis loop that is as rectangular as possible while at the same time having low magnetic reversal losses and a magnetostriction of
- the selection of alloys according to the invention is based on the knowledge that, for a specific alloy composition, there is a hyperbole-like relationship between magnetization losses Pf e and dynamic residual stroke ⁇ BRQ.
- the amount of the longitudinal anisotropy K u is according to the present one To limit the invention to a reasonable minimum.
- a compromise between these two opposing quantities can only be achieved by means of a heat treatment (tempering) according to the invention, which is adapted to the properties of the alloy, in a magnetic field that is longitudinal to the direction of the wound strip runs, i.e. set a so-called longitudinal field.
- a heat treatment according to the invention, which is adapted to the properties of the alloy, in a magnetic field that is longitudinal to the direction of the wound strip runs, i.e. set a so-called longitudinal field.
- This enables a strongly rectangular hysteresis loop, a so-called Z loop, to be induced.
- this alloy sub-selection which is an alloy sub-selection of the nanocrystalline alloy selection mentioned at the outset, is distinguished by the fact that, due to the greatest possible elimination of the crystal anisotropy and the saturation magnification ⁇ g, it already has the lowest amounts of uniaxial longitudinal anisotropy, typically in the range K u ⁇ 10
- Roughness R a (eff) is defined as the sum of the crossways
- Rectangularity of the hysteresis loop of the magnetic cores is typically given special care to ensure that there is no mechanical tension.
- the alloy strips are then wound into magnetic cores, which are typically in the form of closed, air-gap-free ring cores, oval cores or rectangular cores.
- the alloy strip can first be wound round to form the ring core and, depending on requirements, can be brought into the appropriate shape by means of suitable shaping tools during the heat treatment.
- suitable shaping tools By using suitable winding bodies, the corresponding shape can also be achieved during winding.
- the soft magnetic amorphous tape produced using rapid solidification technology typically has a thickness d ⁇ 30 ⁇ m, preferably ⁇ 20 ⁇ m, better ⁇ 17 ⁇ m.
- an immersion, continuous, spray or electrolysis process is used on the belt.
- the same can also be achieved by dip insulation of the wound or stacked magnetic core.
- Magnetic properties can lead.
- oxides, acrylates, Phosphates, silicates and chromates of the elements Ca, Mg, Al, Ti, Zr, Hf, Si have been shown to be effective and compatible insulators.
- Mg which is applied to the strip surface as a liquid magnesium-containing precursor, is particularly effective and converts into a dense layer of MgO during a special heat treatment that does not influence the alloy, the thickness of which can be between 50 nm and 1 ⁇ m.
- Magnetic cores made of alloys that are suitable for nanocrystallization are generally subjected to a precisely coordinated crystallization heat treatment to adjust the nanocrystalline structure, which is between 450 ° C and 690 ° C depending on the alloy composition. Typical holding times are between 4 minutes and 8 hours.
- this crystallization heat treatment must be carried out in a vacuum or in a passive or reducing protective gas.
- material-specific cleanliness conditions must be taken into account, which can be brought about by appropriate aids such as element-specific absorber or getter materials.
- annealing is either field-free or in the magnetic field along the direction of the wound strip (“longitudinal field”) or transversely thereto (“transverse field”). In certain cases, a combination of two or even three of these magnetic field constellations can be used in succession or in parallel.
- the initial heating rate of 7 K / min shown there can be varied as desired in a range from approximately 1 to over 20 K / min. For economic reasons, however, the highest possible heating rate that is still feasible in terms of production technology is selected in practice.
- the strong delay in the heating rate shown from 450 ° C, which is otherwise dependent on the core volume and is typically between approximately 0.1 and approximately 1 K / min, is used for temperature compensation in the nanocrystallization used there. In addition, a heating break of several minutes can be taken.
- ⁇ g 0 with a silicon content of
- the ripening temperature must be moved to a temperature of about 580 ° C or an even higher temperature, but then the formation of harmful iron boride phases begins, which the coercive field strength and at the same time the dynamic residual stroke ⁇ B ⁇ g increase.
- the holding time can be varied to a greater or lesser extent.
- Typical intervals at 570 ° C are between 15 minutes and 2 hours. They can be extended at lower temperatures. At higher temperatures or very small magnetic cores to be treated, a high degree of maturity of the nanocrystalline two-phase structure is achieved even at shorter times, for example at a time of 5 minutes.
- cooling rates are rather small, with constant cooling rates which are as high as possible are preferred.
- a prerequisite is a defined and always the same sequence of the cooling phase. For example, cooling rates between about 1 K / min and about 20 K / min have been found to be suitable. Any influences can be compensated for by a slight correction of the longitudinal field temperature. This is especially true when the crystallization heat treatment is not carried out in a field-free state but in an applied magnetic transverse field. If an applied magnetic transverse field is used in the crystallization pretreatment, the longitudinal anisotropy Krj can be set very precisely in the subsequent longitudinal field phase, so that the dynamic
- Residual stroke ⁇ B ⁇ g and the magnetic reversal losses Pf e can be set very precisely. This also significantly reduces the possibility of scatter during the annealing of the stacked magnetic cores.
- the uniaxial longitudinal anisotropy Kr j is set in the longitudinal field plateau.
- the size of the uniaxial longitudinal anisotropy induced can be determined by the height of the field temperature but also by the duration of the field heat treatment and the
- ⁇ o rö CQ d P CQ N 4-1 rö rö d CQ CQ -H CD rH N tn P tn «P -H rH d TJ rö
- the anisotropy range can also be expanded and fine-tuned with the help of a well-defined sequence of field-free treatment and / or treatment in the field, which can be precisely adapted to the respective alloy composition and which can at times be longitudinal and transverse to the direction of the regulated belt.
- the magnetic core is heated to the target temperature there until the ⁇ the nanocrystalline structure formation held and then cooled to room temperature.
- the longitudinal field is either applied during the entire heat treatment or only switched on after the target temperature has been reached or even later.
- Heating to the target temperature takes place as quickly as possible, for example at a rate between 1 ° C / min to 15 ° C / min.
- a particularly fine and dense grain structure can be in and / or below the temperature range of the onset of crystallization, ie below the crystallization temperature, for. B. from 460 ° C a delayed heating rate of less than 1 ° C / min or even a multi-minute "temperature plateau" can be inserted.
- the magnetic core is then held, for example, between 4 minutes and 8 hours at the target temperature around 550 ° C. in order to achieve the smallest possible grain with a homogeneous grain size distribution and small intergranular distances.
- the temperature is chosen the higher the lower the silicon content in the alloy.
- the onset of the formation of non-magnetic iron-boron phases or the growth of surface crystallites on the strip surface represents an upper limit for the target temperature.
- the magnetic core is then held between 0.1 and 8 hours below the Curie temperature T Q , that is to say between 260 ° C. and 590 ° C., for example, with the longituginal magnetic field switched on.
- T Q Curie temperature
- the uniaxial anisotropy K u induced along the tape direction is greater the higher the temperature in the longitudinal field is selected.
- the residual stroke ⁇ B ⁇ g increases due to the increase in
- the magnetic core is then cooled to 0.1 ° C / min to 20 ° C / min in the adjacent longitudinal field to room temperature near values of, for example, 25 ° C or 50 ° C.
- this is advantageous for economic reasons, and on the other hand, for reasons of stability of the hysteresis loop, cooling below the Curie temperature must not be field-free.
- the field strength of the magnetic field, the longitudinal field, applied in the direction of the wound alloy strip is selected such that it is significantly greater than the field strength necessary to achieve the saturation induction Bg in this direction of the magnetic core.
- good results have already been achieved with magnetic fields H> 0.9 kA / m, it being known here that the induced anisotropy increases steadily with the longitudinal field.
- the magnetic core is solidified.
- suitable plastic materials such as hard epoxy layers or soft xylilene layers, for example, would be provided by impregnation, coating or encasing and then encapsulated.
- Completed transducer cores can then be provided with at least one winding each. The use of soft, volume-saving fixings is made possible in spite of large wire thicknesses due to the fact that the alloy areas specified as preferred are largely free of magnetostriction.
- Figures 4a and 4b show the temperature / time profile of the heat treatments used.
- the magnetic cores were heated to a temperature of approx. 450 ° C at a heating rate of 7 K / min. A magnetic field was not created.
- the heating rate was then delayed to approximately 0.15 K / min in order to avoid an undefined overheating of the magnetic core as a result of exothermic heat development during the nanocrystallization that then started. With this relatively low heating rate of 0.15 K / min, heating was continued up to a temperature of approximately 500 ° C. Thereafter, at a heating rate of 1 K / min to a final temperature temperature plateau heated further from 565 ° C.
- the magnetic core was held at this temperature of 565 ° C for about 1 hour.
- the alloy structure matured at this temperature plateau until the crystalline grains had reached a volume fraction in the amorphous alloy matrix at which the
- FIG. 4b shows the "modular" heat treatment just discussed, that is to say the fieldless crystallization treatment and the heat treatment in the longitudinal magnetic field were separated in time, the magnetic core having been cooled to room temperature after the crystallization heat treatment.
- the magnetic values of the magnetic core did not deteriorate even after being coated with a volume-saving and heat-dissipating epoxy sintered layer.
- This magnetic core was wound with a copper wire of 4 x 0.8 mm with 6 turns.
- One with 120 kHz clocked switched-mode power supply with an output power of 275 watts showed a completely stable output voltage at the transducer-controlled 3.3 volt output with the maximum power consumption of 150 watts from the directly regulated 5 volt output.
- a stress-free wound magnetic core with the same alloy composition and the same dimensions as in the first exemplary embodiment was used, but to reduce the magnetic losses, Pf e was used for a shorter one
- FIG. 5a A reduced longitudinal field temperature of approx. 315 ° C was selected over a period of 2 hours. This heat treatment is shown in FIG. 5a.
- FIG. 5b again shows the same heat treatment in modular form as the basic features of which were discussed in the first exemplary embodiment.
- a stress-free wound magnetic core with 30 x 20 x 10 mm 3 made of the alloy Fe 7 3 , 31 Cu 0 / 99 Nb 2 9 8 si 15.82 6.90 B used, the ef fective ⁇ roughness depth R a (eff) was 7.8%.
- the mean band thickness was 16.9 ⁇ m.
- the magnetic reversal losses Pf e at 50 kHz / 0.4 T were comparatively low and were 55 watts / kg, which made the magnetic core usable even at a high clock frequency of 200 kHz or more .
- the small uniaxial anisotropy Ky resulted in a certain sensitivity to tension, which required a protective trough in the housing, which was associated with geometric and thermal disadvantages, despite the fact that there was virtually no magnetostriction.
- the saturation magnetostriction ⁇ g present after the crystallization heat treatment at 556 ° C. was approximately 3.7 ppm and was therefore incompletely balanced.
- the magnetic core was used to set a maximum uniaxial anisotropy Ky value even at this temperature in the longitudinal field annealed. The result was a very low residual stroke of ⁇ B ⁇ g of 23 mT and magnetization losses Pf e at 50 kHz / 0.4 T of 220 watts / kg.
- Magnetic cores were produced from the alloy Fe 74 5 Cu ⁇ Nb 3 Si ] _ 4 5 B7 in a manner analogous to that in the first exemplary embodiment and in the fifth exemplary embodiment.
- the saturation magnitude ⁇ g here was approximately 1.8 ppm.
- the magnetic cores were covered with hard hardening plastic, so that a mechanical tension was induced. At frequencies of ⁇
- a particularly innovative use of transducer controllers according to the present invention is that in power supplies for vehicle electrical systems, in which the on-board power supply is switched to 42 volts. These electrical systems generally have different voltage levels. In one application, 12 volts / 500 watts from the 42 volt / 3 kilowatt supply were implemented via a transducer-controlled circuit. The output was permanently short-circuit proof at an operating frequency of 50 kHz and one Ambient temperature of 85 ° C in the engine of an internal combustion engine. A magnetic core with the dimensions 40 x 25 x 20 mm 3 was used , which was provided with 18 turns in a plastic trough. The design was open with 3 x 1.3 mm enamelled copper wire.
- New drive concepts use electric drives to generate electricity.
- fuel cells have been under discussion for a long time.
- you usually have water-cooled heat sinks because the fuel cells have to be kept at approx. 60 ° C to achieve optimum efficiency.
- These cooling systems can be used for the 12 volt / 42 volt supplies to reduce the weight or the construction volume.
- a magnetic core with the dimensions 38 x 28 x 15 mm 3 with a good heat-dissipating epoxy resin coating was used for a power supply unit with the data already mentioned.
- the magnetic core was provided with 46 turns of 2 x 1.3 mm enamelled copper wire and placed in a cast aluminum housing.
- the magnetic core was again provided with a good heat-dissipating epoxy potting in the cast aluminum housing.
- the attached three tabular dimensioning examples show typical dimensions of transducer regulators according to the invention made of the alloy from exemplary embodiments 1 and 2 for the application circuits discussed.
- a volume-optimized transducer choke is thus created which has low losses and a high saturation induction.
- cross-field and / or longitudinal field treatments are specifically carried out as part of the heat treatment in order to set the functional relationship between magnetic reversal losses and dynamic residual stroke in a dosage and com- pact that is optimally adapted to the application. combination used.
- the focus is on controlling the amount of the unaxial longitudinal isotropy with the aid of the variation of the longitudinal field temperature and / or a clever combination of cross-field and longitudinal field treatment.
- an alloy on which the magnetic core is based has a fine crystalline structure with a metallographic grain of, for example, the average size D ⁇ 100 nm and a volume fulfillment of, for example, more than 30%, a hysteresis loop that is as rectangular as possible while at the same time low magnetic reversal losses and a greatly reduced magnetostriction of
- a further advantage of the present invention is the extremely weak and almost linear temperature characteristics of the residual stroke and magnetic reversal losses in this alloy system, which are exemplarily shown in FIG. 9.
- the negative temperature response of the magnetic reversal losses is particularly favorable.
- transducer controllers can be implemented that are used in motor vehicles or industrial drives and are attached directly to the engine, for example, as part of an engine control system. Due to the close proximity to the engine and the complete encapsulation of the engine control system, the operating temperatures are generally much higher than the working limit temperatures of the previously known cores. It is preferably provided that the winding of the transducer core is designed with an electrical conductor with a corresponding temperature index in accordance with DIN 172.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002527519A JP2004509459A (ja) | 2000-09-15 | 2001-09-07 | 変換器用コイルとその製造方法および利用法 |
EP01978352A EP1317758B1 (de) | 2000-09-15 | 2001-09-07 | Transduktordrossel mit magnetkern, verwendung von transduktordrosseln sowie verfahren zur herstellung von magnetkernen für transduktordrosseln |
US10/380,714 US7442263B2 (en) | 2000-09-15 | 2001-09-07 | Magnetic amplifier choke (magamp choke) with a magnetic core, use of magnetic amplifiers and method for producing softmagnetic cores for magnetic amplifiers |
DE50115446T DE50115446D1 (de) | 2000-09-15 | 2001-09-07 | Transduktordrossel mit magnetkern, verwendung von transduktordrosseln sowie verfahren zur herstellung von magnetkernen für transduktordrosseln |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10045705.3 | 2000-09-15 | ||
DE10045705A DE10045705A1 (de) | 2000-09-15 | 2000-09-15 | Magnetkern für einen Transduktorregler und Verwendung von Transduktorreglern sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnetkernen für Transduktorregler |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002023560A1 true WO2002023560A1 (de) | 2002-03-21 |
Family
ID=7656340
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2001/010362 WO2002023560A1 (de) | 2000-09-15 | 2001-09-07 | Transduktordrossel mit magnetkern, verwendung von transduktordrosseln sowie verfahren zur herstellung von magnetkernen für transduktordrosseln |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7442263B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1317758B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004509459A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1258779C (de) |
DE (2) | DE10045705A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002023560A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006525655A (ja) * | 2003-04-02 | 2006-11-09 | バクームシュメルツェ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ウント コンパニ コマンディートゲゼルシャフト | 鉄心とその製造および使用方法 |
CN106952720A (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-07-14 | 佛山市中研非晶科技股份有限公司 | 一种磁放大器用钴基非晶铁芯的制备方法 |
EP3176797A4 (de) * | 2014-07-28 | 2018-03-21 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Stromwandlerkern, verfahren zur herstellung davon und mit besagtem kern ausgestattete vorrichtung |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10134056B8 (de) * | 2001-07-13 | 2014-05-28 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von nanokristallinen Magnetkernen sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102004024337A1 (de) * | 2004-05-17 | 2005-12-22 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung nanokristalliner Stromwandlerkerne, nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Magnetkerne sowie Stromwandler mit denselben |
CN1297994C (zh) * | 2004-11-26 | 2007-01-31 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | 无须磁场处理获取特殊矩形比纳米晶软磁材料的方法 |
CN100372033C (zh) * | 2005-06-23 | 2008-02-27 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 漏电保护器用抗直流偏磁互感器磁芯及其制造方法 |
DE102005034486A1 (de) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-02-01 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines weichmagnetischen Kerns für Generatoren sowie Generator mit einem derartigen Kern |
JP5182601B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-04 | 2013-04-17 | 日立金属株式会社 | 非晶質合金薄帯、ナノ結晶軟磁性合金ならびにナノ結晶軟磁性合金からなる磁心 |
DE102006019613B4 (de) * | 2006-04-25 | 2014-01-30 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Magnetkern, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie seine Verwendung in einem Fehlerstromschutzschalter |
JP2007305882A (ja) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-22 | Sony Corp | 記憶素子及びメモリ |
US20070273467A1 (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-11-29 | Jorg Petzold | Magnet Core, Methods For Its Production And Residual Current Device |
ATE418625T1 (de) * | 2006-10-30 | 2009-01-15 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co Kg | Weichmagnetische legierung auf eisen-kobalt-basis sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung |
JP5316920B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-16 | 2013-10-16 | 日立金属株式会社 | 軟磁性合金、アモルファス相を主相とする合金薄帯、および磁性部品 |
US9057115B2 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2015-06-16 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Soft magnetic iron-cobalt-based alloy and process for manufacturing it |
US8012270B2 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2011-09-06 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Soft magnetic iron/cobalt/chromium-based alloy and process for manufacturing it |
CN101250619B (zh) * | 2008-04-11 | 2010-06-02 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种FeCoV系合金细晶半硬磁材料的制备方法 |
DE102010026084A1 (de) * | 2010-07-05 | 2012-01-05 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auftragen von Materialschichten auf einem Werkstück aus TiAI |
EP2416329B1 (de) * | 2010-08-06 | 2016-04-06 | Vaccumschmelze Gmbh & Co. KG | Magnetkern für Niederfrequenzanwendungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Magnetkerns für Niederfrequenzanwendungen |
DE102010060740A1 (de) * | 2010-11-23 | 2012-05-24 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Weichmagnetisches Metallband für elektromechanische Bauelemente |
US8699190B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2014-04-15 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Soft magnetic metal strip for electromechanical components |
CN102881396A (zh) * | 2012-09-10 | 2013-01-16 | 虞雪君 | 磁性合金粉末材料 |
CN103117153B (zh) * | 2013-03-06 | 2016-03-02 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 共模电感铁基纳米晶铁芯及其制备方法 |
CN103943308A (zh) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-07-23 | 安徽众恒复合材料科技有限公司 | 一种扼流圈 |
CN105702408B (zh) * | 2016-03-15 | 2018-09-28 | 嘉兴欧祥通讯设备有限公司 | 一种纳米晶软磁材料的制备方法 |
EP3522186B1 (de) * | 2016-09-29 | 2022-11-02 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Magnetkern aus einer nanokristallinen legierung, magnetkerneinheit und verfahren zur herstellung eines magnetkerns aus einer nanokristallinen legierung |
CN108231315A (zh) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-29 | 青岛云路先进材料技术有限公司 | 一种铁钴基纳米晶合金及其制备方法 |
JP2019145674A (ja) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-08-29 | Tdk株式会社 | 希土類磁石の加工方法 |
CN109003772A (zh) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-14 | 江门市汇鼎科技有限公司 | 一种复合材料磁芯及其制备方法 |
DE102019105215A1 (de) * | 2019-03-01 | 2020-09-03 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Legierung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Magnetkerns |
GB2584107B (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2021-11-24 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co Kg | Sintered R2M17 magnet and method of fabricating a R2M17 magnet |
DE102019133826A1 (de) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-10 | Magnetec - Gesellschaft für Magnettechnologie mbH | Band für ein magnetfeldempfindliches Bauelement |
AR118827A1 (es) | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-03 | Tecnovia S A | Disposición clasificadora de tránsito por detección de la banda de rodadura metálica de los neumáticos |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5069731A (en) * | 1988-03-23 | 1991-12-03 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Low-frequency transformer |
DE19844132A1 (de) * | 1997-09-26 | 1999-04-08 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Magnetkern für eine sättigbare Drossel, Schaltregler mit mehreren Ausgängen vom Typ mit magnetischer Verstärkung sowie Computer mit einem derartigen Schaltregler |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR910002375B1 (ko) * | 1987-07-14 | 1991-04-20 | 히다찌 긴조꾸 가부시끼가이샤 | 자성코어 및 그 제조방법 |
JP2710949B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-30 | 1998-02-10 | 日立金属株式会社 | 超微結晶軟磁性合金の製造方法 |
US5622768A (en) * | 1992-01-13 | 1997-04-22 | Kabushiki Kaishi Toshiba | Magnetic core |
JPH0737706A (ja) * | 1993-07-19 | 1995-02-07 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 半導体セラミック素子 |
JP3233313B2 (ja) | 1993-07-21 | 2001-11-26 | 日立金属株式会社 | パルス減衰特性に優れたナノ結晶合金の製造方法 |
DE69408916T2 (de) * | 1993-07-30 | 1998-11-12 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Magnetkern für Impulsübertrager und Impulsübertrager |
US5611871A (en) * | 1994-07-20 | 1997-03-18 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Method of producing nanocrystalline alloy having high permeability |
JP2713373B2 (ja) * | 1995-03-13 | 1998-02-16 | 日立金属株式会社 | 磁 心 |
ES2264277T3 (es) * | 1998-11-13 | 2006-12-16 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | Nucleo magnetico adecuado para su uso en un transformador de intesidad, procedimiento para fabricar un nucleo magnetico y transformador de intensidad con un nucleo magnetico. |
-
2000
- 2000-09-15 DE DE10045705A patent/DE10045705A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-09-07 EP EP01978352A patent/EP1317758B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-07 WO PCT/EP2001/010362 patent/WO2002023560A1/de active Application Filing
- 2001-09-07 CN CN01818768.4A patent/CN1258779C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-09-07 DE DE50115446T patent/DE50115446D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-07 JP JP2002527519A patent/JP2004509459A/ja active Pending
- 2001-09-07 US US10/380,714 patent/US7442263B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5069731A (en) * | 1988-03-23 | 1991-12-03 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Low-frequency transformer |
DE19844132A1 (de) * | 1997-09-26 | 1999-04-08 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Magnetkern für eine sättigbare Drossel, Schaltregler mit mehreren Ausgängen vom Typ mit magnetischer Verstärkung sowie Computer mit einem derartigen Schaltregler |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006525655A (ja) * | 2003-04-02 | 2006-11-09 | バクームシュメルツェ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ウント コンパニ コマンディートゲゼルシャフト | 鉄心とその製造および使用方法 |
US10604406B2 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2020-03-31 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Magnet core |
EP3176797A4 (de) * | 2014-07-28 | 2018-03-21 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Stromwandlerkern, verfahren zur herstellung davon und mit besagtem kern ausgestattete vorrichtung |
CN106952720A (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-07-14 | 佛山市中研非晶科技股份有限公司 | 一种磁放大器用钴基非晶铁芯的制备方法 |
CN106952720B (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2020-05-01 | 佛山市中研非晶科技股份有限公司 | 一种磁放大器用钴基非晶铁芯的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7442263B2 (en) | 2008-10-28 |
DE10045705A1 (de) | 2002-04-04 |
EP1317758A1 (de) | 2003-06-11 |
US20040027220A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
DE50115446D1 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
EP1317758B1 (de) | 2010-04-21 |
CN1475018A (zh) | 2004-02-11 |
JP2004509459A (ja) | 2004-03-25 |
CN1258779C (zh) | 2006-06-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2002023560A1 (de) | Transduktordrossel mit magnetkern, verwendung von transduktordrosseln sowie verfahren zur herstellung von magnetkernen für transduktordrosseln | |
DE3909747C2 (de) | ||
EP1747566B1 (de) | Stromwandlerkern sowie herstellverfahren für einen stromwandlerkern | |
WO2000030132A1 (de) | Magnetkern, der zum einsatz in einem stromwandler geeignet ist, verfahren zur herstellung eines magnetkerns und stromwandler mit einem magnetkern | |
DE3884491T2 (de) | Magnetkern und Verfahren zur Herstellung. | |
DE60224313T2 (de) | Magnetische Legierung auf Co-Basis und daraus hergestellte magnetische Teile | |
DE3885669T2 (de) | Weichmagnetisches Pulver aus einer auf Eisen basierenden Legierung, Magnetkern daraus und Herstellungsverfahren. | |
DE3001889C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer magnetischen glasartigen Legierungsfolie | |
EP1609159B1 (de) | Magnetkern, verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen magnetkerns, anwendungen eines solchen magnetkerns insbesondere bei stromtransformatoren und stromkompensierten drosseln sowie legierungen und bänder zur herstellung eines solchen magnetkerns | |
KR101470513B1 (ko) | 대전류 직류중첩특성 및 코어손실 특성이 우수한 연자성 코어 및 그의 제조방법 | |
DE102011014283A1 (de) | Permanentmagnet und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Motor und Stromerzeuger unter dessen Verwendung | |
DE112008002495T5 (de) | Weichmagnetische amorphe Legierung | |
DE2835389A1 (de) | Magnetische legierung | |
DE69922891T2 (de) | Magnetkern für HF-beschleunigenden Hohlraum und der Hohlraum | |
DE102015101230A1 (de) | Drosselspule | |
DE102012218657A1 (de) | Magnetkern, Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu dessen Herstellung und Verwendung eines solchen Magnetkerns | |
KR20180089316A (ko) | 연자성 합금 및 자성 부품 | |
WO2016020077A1 (de) | Anisotrop weichmagnetisches komposit-material mit hoher anisotropie der permeabilität zur unterdrückung von querfluss und dessen herstellung | |
JP6863993B2 (ja) | Fe系軟磁性合金、その製造方法およびそれを用いた磁性部品 | |
DE112014003755T5 (de) | Transformator-Magnetkern auf amorpher Fe-Basis, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung, und Transformator | |
KR101949171B1 (ko) | Fe계 연자성 합금 및 이를 통한 자성부품 | |
WO2000030131A1 (de) | Magnetkern, der zum einsatz in einem stromwandler geeignet ist, verfahren zur herstellung eines magnetkerns und stromwandler mit einem magnetkern | |
EP1188235B1 (de) | Hochpasszweig einer frequenzweiche für adsl-systeme | |
EP1221169A1 (de) | Schnittstellenmodule für lokale datennetzwerke | |
EP0780854A1 (de) | Stromkopensierte Funkentstördrossel |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CN JP US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2001978352 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2002527519 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 018187684 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2001978352 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10380714 Country of ref document: US |