WO2002012882A2 - Systeme pour mincir - Google Patents

Systeme pour mincir Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002012882A2
WO2002012882A2 PCT/GB2001/003554 GB0103554W WO0212882A2 WO 2002012882 A2 WO2002012882 A2 WO 2002012882A2 GB 0103554 W GB0103554 W GB 0103554W WO 0212882 A2 WO0212882 A2 WO 0212882A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
item
subject
weight
test subject
vitamin
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PCT/GB2001/003554
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English (en)
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WO2002012882A3 (fr
Inventor
Paula Frances Buchanan-Baillie-Hamilton
Julian Claude Peck
Original Assignee
Buchanan Baillie Hamilton Paul
Julian Claude Peck
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority claimed from GBGB0019327.6A external-priority patent/GB0019327D0/en
Application filed by Buchanan Baillie Hamilton Paul, Julian Claude Peck filed Critical Buchanan Baillie Hamilton Paul
Priority to AU2001276537A priority Critical patent/AU2001276537A1/en
Publication of WO2002012882A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002012882A2/fr
Publication of WO2002012882A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002012882A3/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/06—Preparations for care of the skin for countering cellulitis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/0216—Solid or semisolid forms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N37/00—Details not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • G01N37/005—Measurement methods not based on established scientific theories
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/80—Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
    • A61K2800/92—Oral administration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to slimming systems, and to methods, processes and compositions for use such systems.
  • set-point theory which suggests that body weight is regulated at a predetermined, or preferred, level by a feedback control mechanism.
  • Information from the periphery is carried by an affector to a central controller located in the hypothalamus .
  • the controller integrates and transduces the information into an effector signal that modulates food intake or energy expenditure to correct any deviations in body weight from set-point.
  • the likelihood is that the level at which body weight and body fat content are maintained represents the equilibria achieved by regulation of many parameters, rather than one specific parameter related to energy balance (see e.g. Harris, R B S Role of set-point theory in regulation of body weight. FASEB J 4: 3310- 3318; 1990).
  • body weight or body fat set-point may be related to long-term regulation of energy balance, it has been suggested that this regulation can be achieved only through modulation of short-term responses and sensitivities to factors that influence food intake and energy expenditure.
  • the obesity epidemic has spawned a multi-billion dollar weight- control industry selling a broad range of products including diet books, calorie counters, low calorie foods, recipe books, weight loss counseling services, meal-replacements, slimming pills and other products.
  • Weight Watchers International Inc. which is believed to have over 22,000 employees or franchisees and about a million Members world-wide. Activities at meetings include weigh-ins, nutrition and exercise tips and success stories from others. Appropriately ⁇ kcal counted' products such as breakfast bars, recipes, meal plans and points counters are also sold.
  • Another manifestation of the weight control' industry is, for example, discussed in US 5890128 which discloses various devices for assisting weight loss based around computer monitoring of kcal intake and expenditure.
  • xenobiotic chemicals e.g. pesticides used in agriculture
  • chemicals present in the environment with which we are in contact e.g. chemicals leaching out from clothing and furnishings of synthetic polymers, plastics utensils, containers etc.
  • chemicals present in the environment with which we are in contact e.g. chemicals leaching out from clothing and furnishings of synthetic polymers, plastics utensils, containers etc.
  • the amounts of such chemicals are generally relatively microscopic so that their effect is relatively insidious, their cumulative long-term effects may be significant.
  • the correlation between chemical production and % of overweight adults in the population is shown in Fig. 7.
  • any attempt at simple conventional dieting alone may actually worsen the problem since dieting consumes fat and liberates the xenobiotic chemicals stored in the fat and hence increases the levels of these chemicals in the blood.
  • the present invention provides systems for use in restoration of the body' s Natural Slimming System. More specifically, there are provided herein a variety of technical methods, processes, systems and compositions which can be used to assess, compare, and provide information about the level of damage which may be, or has been, caused by xenobiotics or materials containing them, and also to avoid or counteract such damage.
  • this is the combination of organs, hormones, organelles etc. which mediate the systems (e.g. sympathetic nervous system, metabolism etc.) and other reactions which are (through various emergent phenomena) responsible for effecting and affecting weight control, and particularly weight loss, in the body.
  • systems e.g. sympathetic nervous system, metabolism etc.
  • other reactions e.g. through various emergent phenomena
  • WCS Weight Controlling Systems of the Natural Slimming System
  • these systems (i) actually effect weight loss (e.g. by causing reduced food intake, or increased energy production and usage) , (ii) control these effector systems to maintain an optimal weight, and,
  • the most important WCS is the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) .
  • SNS Sympathetic Nervous System
  • this system is underactive and stimulation of this system causes weight loss.
  • the SNS seems particularly susceptible to damage by Xenobiotic chemicals.
  • thyroid hormones are also severely reduced by a very large number of synthetic xenobiotic chemicals. It can be seen how important these hormones are to the SNS since low levels of thyroid hormones will cause symptoms of an underactive SNS, i.e. weight gain, low body temperature etc.
  • hormones severely disrupted are the sex hormones, oestrogens, progesterone and testosterone, the corticosteroids, insulin and growth hormone. These other hormones also play a major role in controlling weight and chemical damage to these hormone systems tends to greatly enhance weight gain.
  • micronutrients vitamins and minerals
  • other nutrients such as essential fatty acids and particular aminoacids are required to detoxify and ⁇ or excrete xenobiotics and are used up in that process.
  • a Chemical Calorie Rating is a measure of the Inhibitory Effect of a toxic chemical on the Natural Slimming System, which Inhibitory Effect will be manifest in the energy balance of the body shifting towards greater weight and fat increase i.e. reduced energy production and ⁇ or use for a given energetic calorie intake than would be caused in the absence of the toxic chemical .
  • a xenobiotic chemical which is particularly toxic to the Natural Slimming System will have a high Chemical Calorie Rating, and a less toxic one a lower rating. In this way the effects of different amounts or loadings of xenobiotic chemicals of different toxicity, on the body, can then be compared.
  • Described herein are various preferred approaches to quantifying the Inhibitory Effect (i.e. severity of damage) to each of the body' s WCS or emergent phenomena therefrom.
  • One aspect of the present invention is a method or system for comparing the damaging effects of xenobiotic substances on the Natural Slimming System.
  • the present invention provides a method for determining the extent of the Inhibitory Effect of a (target) compound on the ability of a (test) subject into whom said compound is introduced to control their weight, which method comprises the steps of (in any appropriate order) :
  • a value may be estimated by inference from various information sources relevant to the measure in question. Indeed, the values in respect of steps (i) and ⁇ or (ii) may be derived from historic (e.g. literary reference) data, and there is no requirement that the assessments are contemporary with the calculation at (iii) . Specifically they may be derived from databases of scientific literature, hereinafter referred to as Reports .
  • the values in respect of steps (i) and ⁇ or (ii) may be assumed, based on results of different compounds containing the same active moiety and ⁇ or persistence as appropriate .
  • the method may be applied to any compound (organic or inorganic) which it is desired to test, which will generally be one to which subjects may have been, or may come to be, exposed e.g. through ingestion or other uptake from the environment, and which it is believed (for whatever reason) may be damaging to the WCS of the subject.
  • classes of xenobiotic chemicals which are found to have particularly high Chemical Calorie Ratings, and which it may be desired to assess, are:
  • Pesticides such as organochlorine insecticides (e.g. DDT and its breakdown products, lindane, etc.); organophosphate insecticides (including the organothiophosphates) ; carbamates (which include the dithiocarbamate fungicides); and phthalates which are widely used as plasticisers in plastics products, especially PVC products.
  • organochlorine insecticides e.g. DDT and its breakdown products, lindane, etc.
  • organophosphate insecticides including the organothiophosphates
  • carbamates which include the dithiocarbamate fungicides
  • phthalates which are widely used as plasticisers in plastics products, especially PVC products.
  • Solvents such as: chlorinated hydrocarbons (such as trichloroethylene) , aromatic hydrocarbons (such as styrene), aliphatic, and alicyclic solvents (such as ethyleneglycol- monobutylether and decalin) which are encountered in a wide range of products such as paint, glue, cleaning fluids etc.
  • the effect of metabolites of the compounds in question may also be assessed.
  • Figure 6 shows some example compounds of relevance which are frequently present in foods or in other environmental sources, and also their effects against certain WCS. Further example compounds of likely relevance can be found e.g. in "The pesticide manual. 11 th ED” 1997. Editor C D S Tomlin (Pub. British Crop Protection Council, ISBN 1901396118) . Other compounds of relevance may be found in "Chemical Sensitivity Vol 2" (William J Rea, Published by CRC Lewis Publishers) .
  • the following compounds are assessed, which have very long half-lives and which are also persistant in the body.
  • These include PCB's, PBB's, organochlorine pesticides, heavy metals as follows:
  • PBBs 2,4,5,3 , ' -penta 2,4,5,2 ,4' ,5'-hexa 2,3,4,2 ,4' ,5'-hexa 2,4,5,3 ,4' ,5'-hexa ,4' ,5' , 6'-hepta
  • Organochlorine Pesticides DDT, DDE, HCB, Oxychlordane, trans- Nonachlor, ⁇ -BHC (lindane) , Heptachlor epoxide, Dieldrin.
  • Heavy metals Lead, Cadmium.
  • one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or twenty or more (preferably all) of the following compounds are also assessed:
  • PCDD polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
  • TCDD Tetra PCDD
  • PeCDD Pentachloro PCDD
  • HxCDD Hexa PCDD
  • HpCDD Heepta PCDD
  • OCDD Optachloro PCDD
  • Volatile organic compounds Chloroform, 1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane, Styrene, Benzene, Tetrachloroethane, Toluene, Chlorobenzene, Ethylbenzene, 1,4- Dichlorobenzene, Xylene, Ethylphenol.
  • aldicarb carbaryl, chlorpropham, methomyl, pirimicarb, propamocarb, propham, dithiocarbamates .
  • glyphosate hydrogen phosphide, monocrotophos, tolclofos-methyl, chlorfenvinphos .
  • the effects on (impairment to) at least 2 or 3 of the following components or manifestations of the Natural Slimming System are assessed.
  • the following are assessed:
  • Hormonal System hormones may be selected for consideration on the basis of their particular importance to the Natural Slimming System, and an assessment of the significance of damage on each hormonal system by xenobiotic substances can be made.
  • the hormones assessed may be noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, damaged thermoregulation (SNS), brown fat metabolism (SNS), thyroid, male sex hormones mainly testosterone, oestrogens, progesterone, leutinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) , prolactin, cortisol, insulin, growth hormone and leptin.
  • Metabolism this broad category includes substances which alter the metabolic rate, in particular substances which reduce the metabolic rate, and substances which damage ATPases (mitochondrial damage) , carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism.
  • Muscular Activity this includes substances which: decrease spontaneous activity; decrease any type of activity; directly damage muscle tissue; and damage protein synthesis.
  • the Inhibitory Effect on each of the WCS in step (i) is assessed for the various xenobiotic substances, firstly in relation to the objective or subjective degree of damage reported (is scored on a scale of 0 to 10 for each of the key WCS in the listed categories) . The Inhibitory Effect is then calculated according to the number of studies showing damage by the substance on the WCS concerned.
  • the Inhibitory Effect on each of the WCS is given a weighting according to the perceived significance of that WCS to the subject's ability to control their weight e.g. a Report demonstrating effect against noradrenaline may be given twice the significance of a Report demonstrating effect against, say, progesterone.
  • the subject may be human or animal.
  • the method is particularly concerned with a standardised system which can be used by or for any given subject to compare the likely effect of the compound in question with other compounds.
  • the determinations in steps (i) and (ii), and thus the result in (iii) may be based upon effects in one member (or preferably more than one member e.g. a relevant sub- population) of a population of which the subject is representative.
  • the effect on a first (e.g. a human) subject may be inferred from the degree to which the compound affects each of a plurality of WCS present in a second (e.g. an animal) subject.
  • the method includes the step of weighting the results from the second subject in accordance with its physiological proximity to the first subject.
  • this weighting is achieved by factoring on a scale of 1 (non-mammals) to 5 (humans) with e.g. primates (4), other mammals (3) etc. with the resulting figure being divided by the total weighting.
  • This may, for example, be considered in relation to the actual half-life of the chemical concerned as such, and more particularly ⁇ the effective half-life of the chemical compound in the body of the subject taking into account the rate at which the body could itself get rid of the chemical concerned in one way or another.
  • Half-life may be determined by conventional pharmacokinetic techniques (see e.g. Malcolm Rowland et al . "Clinical Pharmacokinetics” 1980, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.).
  • a "Longevity Index" is derived which is equal to the half-life in Hours, raised to a power less than one. For example, if the half-life in hours is raised to the power 0.5, the Longevity Index is equal to the square root of the half-life in hours. In alternative embodiments the
  • Longevity Index may be derived in a range of other mathematical or empirical ways such as are well known to those skilled in the art e.g. through empirical clearance or residence times using radiolabelled analogs. Concentration dependence of compound
  • the effect on an average (say 70 kg) human subject is assessed per unit mass of xenobiotic e.g. per mg or ⁇ g as appropriate.
  • this value can not be derived directly from the study in question e.g. because non-human subjects were used, it can be derived by taking the actual or average concentration used in trials as measured either in mg / kg or in ppm (which are identical) . This in turn can be converted to equivalent human dosage (e.g. by multiplying by an average human weight in kg of 70) .
  • the severity effect determined from a given data source is given a statistical measure of relevance i.e. a confidence level in accordance with a Data Quality Index. For example this may be based on the number of studies or trials available for the compound in question and ⁇ or their Proximity to human Trials.
  • Figure 3 shows an example chart.
  • the severity of damage to each WCS by a given xenobiotic is multiplied by a persistence term (e.g. the longevity index) and the totals for all the assessed WCS provide a "Chemical Calorie Rating" for the xenobiotic substance.
  • the severity of damage to each WCS is weighted according to a data quality index.
  • the severity of damage to each WCS is weighted according to the perceived significance of that WCS to the subject's ability to control their weight.
  • the severity of damage to each WCS is calculated in units of effect ( ⁇ Damage Units' ) against an average human subject/mg compound which may be termed herein "Corrected Severity per Unit Mass”.
  • the invention provides a method for comparing the relative Inhibitory Effects of a plurality of compounds on the ability of a subject to control their weight, which method comprises performing a method as described above, and then comparing the Chemical Calorie Ratings for each compound.
  • the invention provides a method of producing a database of the Inhibitory Effects of a plurality of compounds on the ability of a subject to control their weight, which method comprises the steps of performing a method as described above, and combining the result of the Chemical Calorie Ratings for each compound into a database.
  • the database so produced which has utility in providing a rational system for improving the ability of a subject to control their weight as described below, forms a further aspect of the invention, as does a data carrier comprising, containing, consisting of, or consisting essentially of, said database.
  • the Chemical Calorie Rating can be used to quantify the practical significance of the xenobiotic substance in relation to, for example, the existing Chemical Calorie 'loading' in an individual human or the Chemical Calorie 'content' of a given food or other environmental source, by means of multiplying the Chemical Calorie Rating of that substance, by the amount of that substance, in order to obtain the Chemical Calorie loading/content for that particular substance. Finally in order to obtain total Chemical Calorie loading or content, the Chemical Calorie loading/content values for all significant xenobiotic substances would be added together.
  • Chemical Calorie Ratings e.g. total Inhibitory Effect of compounds in a given food
  • loading e.g. total Inhibitory Effect of compounds in an individual human subject
  • the starting point for these methods is an analysis of the item in question in order to ascertain which potentially relevant xenobiotics it contains.
  • analysis may be literature based (e.g. using publications by Government organizations relating to food compositions, such as those from MAFF in the UK), experience based (e.g. higher likelihood of finding a given pesticide in produce known to derive from a region from in which the pesticide is used) , or based on direct determination of chemical content using appropriate analytical techniques (this final source, although potentially the 'gold- standard' assessment, may be less preferred for cost considerations) .
  • a method for determining the Inhibitory Effect of an item on the ability of a subject exposed to said item to control their weight comprises at least the step of: (i) determining the amount, if present, of each of a plurality of compounds in the item, which compounds have an Inhibitory Effect on the ability of a subject to control their weight.
  • the method will comprise one, two, three, or four of the following further, optional steps (in any appropriate order) :
  • the item prior to step (i) is categorised into pre-determined elements based on the nature of the compounds which may be expected to be present in each element.
  • Non-food items may include fat or blood biopsy sample; skin-care product; air sample; item of furniture; material for food packaging. Blood and fat biopsy samples are discussed hereinafter
  • Subsidiary categories within foodstuff may be:
  • Foodstuff into integral packaging and food itself Food into ingestable and non-ingestable portions (e.g. the latter may be fruit peel) .
  • Ingestable material into sub-types may comprise a portion of rice and a portion of sauce.
  • the different elements can be an analysed only for those compounds which are likely to be present (which likelihood is determined e.g. from a look-up table based on historical analyses) . Certain elements may be ignored on the same basis (e.g. non-ingestable food portions) .
  • the category of element may be used to determine which of the plurality of compounds are investigated. Likewise it may be convenient to group the compounds which may be analysed into categories for this purpose e.g. organic and inorganic etc.
  • the sensitivity of the determination may be tailored (up to a maximum sensitivity available through analysis) according to the Chemical Calorie Rating of the xenobiotic in question i.e. it may be desirable for cost or time considerations to test only for relatively high levels of xenobiotics having a relatively low rating, while more sensitive testing can be reserved for highly toxic compounds. In this way useful comparisons between items may still be made with reduced effort.
  • the next step is to determine their Chemical Calorie Rating.
  • the rating will be obtained from historical data e.g. from a table or other database as described above.
  • This step is relevant since the level to which compounds in the item are actually introduced into the subject will of course depend on the nature of the item and elements thereof.
  • packaging it may depend on to what level the compound is absorbed into the food (e.g. during cooking) and ⁇ or direct absorption appropriate to the use of the foodstuff.
  • packaging for food may transfer its chemicals into a foodstuff according to the way it is used. Thus its impact is most readily assessed by analysing the foodstuff so treated for additional Chemical Calories and from this the Chemical Calorie content and absorption rate of the chemicals by the foodstuff can be determined.
  • the xenobiotic may be measured e.g. as pp using conventional techniques (e.g. vortices used in gas analyses, such as may be used in NBC defense systems) .
  • the function in step (iv) will be based on (i) (e.g. in mg/kg) multiplied by (ii) (e.g. expressed as DU/mg) factored by (iii) (e.g. expressed as % absorption).
  • This will give a value of the Chemical Calories which may be absorbed from a given quantity of the item by e.g. a human subject.
  • the value given by this function will represent the total Inhibitory Effect of compounds in a given item i.e. an 'effective Chemical Calorie content'.
  • the Chemical Calorie content is declared for lOOg or 100 ml of the food and ⁇ or a typical portion.
  • the levels of Toxic Chemicals in the Item may be so high that they might cause weight Loss, or other more serious toxic effects.
  • the level of Chemical Calories in the Item becomes meaningless and it is appropriate simply to report that the Item is Toxic and not to report the number of Chemical Calories that it contains .
  • a further aspect provides a method of producing a database of the Inhibitory Effects of a plurality of items on the ability of a subject exposed to said items to control their weight, which method comprises the steps of performing a method as described above, and the combining the values or results thus obtained into a database.
  • a database so produced, and data carrier carrying said database form further aspects of the present invention.
  • a computer system for performing the methods as described above, or displaying the output of said methods or the databases and ⁇ or data carriers of the invention.
  • Such a system may be essentially conventional in that it comprises (a) a standard electronic computer circuit containing at least a random access memory, a read only memory, a processor; (b) a keyboard comprising a plurality of standard keyboard buttons (c) a. display.
  • Systems for storing and ⁇ or displaying of the energetic (kcal) content of items are discussed in US Pat. Nos. 4,244,020; 4,321,674; 4,575,804; 4,686,624; 4,796,182; 4,894,793; 4,380,802 and 5,233,520.
  • the computer systems of the invention are analogous to these except that they concern Chemical Calories instead of, or in addition to, kcal .
  • the present invention provides a method for comparing the relative Inhibitory Effects of a plurality of items on the ability of a subject exposed to said items to control their weight, which method comprises the steps of performing a method as described above to yield a value for the effective Chemical Calorie content for each item, and then comparing these values.
  • the methods of the present invention may be used irrespective of whether the objective is to identify the absolute level of Chemical Calories in the Item, and to identify which xenobiotics are responsible, or merely to ascertain whether the item can be accepted as "low in Chemical Calories” or "very low in Chemical Calories".
  • the method may include the further step of categorising or banding said values (and hence said items) based on a predetermined scale of values as follows:
  • such a system may be of genuine technical importance to potential manufacturers, sellers, purchasers and ⁇ or users of the items in question.
  • a further aspect provides a system for labelling and ⁇ or certifying an item according to its Inhibitory Effect on the ability of a subject exposed to said item to control their weight, which method comprises the steps of performing a method as described above such as to yield a value (optionally a null value) for the effective Chemical Calorie content for the item (and optionally categorising or banding it) and then further comprising the step of labelling and ⁇ or certifying an item according to value, category, or banding.
  • the labelling and ⁇ or certifying may be performed by means of incorporating the effective Chemical Calorie content information into the item, its packaging, or into ancillary materials associated therewith.
  • step (i) is performed not on the item to be certified as such, but on a representative or equivalent item e.g. a representative sample from a batch.
  • determining the Chemical Calorie content of a foodstuff which comprise the steps of: determining the amount of xenobiotic substances in the foodstuff (e.g. which xenobiotic substances have a Chemical Calorie Rating above a predetermined level) ; calculating the Chemical Calorie content from each said substance by multiplying its Chemical Calorie Rating by the amount present; and adding together the Chemical Calorie contents for all said substances.
  • the method includes the preliminary step of determining the Chemical Calorie Rating for each said xenobiotic substance by means of the preliminary steps of: scoring said xenobiotic substance for severity of adverse effect on each of a plurality of WCS; summing the scores for said plurality of WCS; and multiplying the sum of said scores by an indication of the effective half-life of said substance and any harmful metabolites.
  • the results of the methods may be used for the purposes of comparison, databases, labelling etc.
  • the present invention provides a method for determining the extent to which a subject has had their ability to control their weight inhibited, which method comprises the steps of: (i) determining the amount, if present, of each of a plurality of compounds in the subject, which compounds have an Inhibitory Effect on the ability of a subject to control their weight.
  • the method will further include the optional steps of:
  • the value for step (i) will be based on a sample removed from the subject e.g. a fat biopsy.
  • the xenobiotic chemicals responsible for the Chemical Calorie loading tend to accumulate preferentially in the fat deposits in the human body and thus the concentrations of these in the fat deposits generally provide the most reliable indication of the Chemical Calorie loading already in the body. Accordingly measurements of xenobiotic concentrations in the fat samples obtained from suitable biopsies or in the course of medical or cosmetic procedures involving recovery of fat deposits, such as liposuction, are most useful in this connection.
  • Chemical Calorie Ratings will generally be historical values .
  • the function at (iii) may be (i) multiplied by (ii) .
  • the method may further include assessing one or more other factors which may be relevant to the extent to which the subject has had their ability to control their weight inhibited e.g. based on other personal factors such as susceptibility to damage (e.g. age, weight, disease state etc.) and also personal pharmacokinetic factors e.g. based on rates of clearance of the compounds. •
  • the present invention provides a method of diagnosis and ⁇ or prognosis of weight-control related disorder or disease in a subject, which method comprises performing a method as described above, and correlating the result of the determination at step (iii) with the disease state of the subject.
  • the present invention also provides a method of determining an individual's progress in altering (and especially reducing) the extent to which their ability to control their weight has been inhibited which method comprises repeatedly performing a method of determining said extent (as described above) at intervals, and comparing the results of the determination to establish the progress made.
  • a method of determining an individual's progress in altering (and especially reducing) the extent to which their ability to control their weight has been inhibited which method comprises repeatedly performing a method of determining said extent (as described above) at intervals, and comparing the results of the determination to establish the progress made.
  • Such a method is particularly useful in conjunction with, and to assess the success of, the methods given below for reducing Chemical Calorie loading.
  • Calorie loading in an individual can lead to weight-control related disorders.
  • the present invention provides a system for improving or maintaining the ability of a subject (e.g. a human or non-human mammal) to control their weight, which method comprises the steps of prescribing to said person:
  • the dietary plan of foods in the above prescription will be made in conjunction with a low (energetic) kcal diet (say 1800-2000 kcal for a woman, and 2500-3000 kcal for a man) and so on.
  • the benefits can be enhanced by prescribing a sensible exercise programme.
  • the particular benefits of combining suitable exercise with the methods and dietary system of the present invention include mobilisation of xenobiotics from the body' s fat stores and/or vital organs into the blood stream whereupon they may then be removed from the body by means of Chemical Calorie absorbents; facilitating excretion of xenobiotics circulating in the blood and lymph in the form of sweat and sebum, through pores in the skin; as well as reducing the size of the fat stores in which xenobiotics can be held in the body.
  • Exercise also helps to restore and rebalance many of those hormones which are damaged by xenobiotic chemicals and which also play a vital role in the Natural Slimming System.
  • exercise tends to increase the level of testosterone, dehydropiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) , thyroxine, and most importantly catecholamines, all of which are vital in promoting weight loss.
  • Exercise also tends to reduce the level of hormones which promote weight gain such as cortisol and insulin.
  • the system will comprise the further step of determining the extent to which a subject has had their ability to control their weight inhibited, by use of a method for determining their Chemical Calorie loading as described above.
  • This extent may preferably be determined prior to, during, and ⁇ or after the period over which the dietary plan extends .
  • the Chemical Calorie loading may be used to establish levels and types of foods and supplements appropriate to the individual and their weight control impairment. Progress (lowering of Chemical Calorie loading) can thus be accurately assessed.
  • Chemical Calorie loading may be done in conjunction with other measures of progress e.g. weight loss, fitness improvement (e.g. based conventional criteria such as heart response etc.), and other health assessments.
  • a method of producing a tailored advice plan for a subject which plan provides a system for improving or maintaining the ability of the subject to control their weight, in accordance with a method described above.
  • a method of controlling the weight of a subject comprises the steps of the subject following: (a) a dietary plan of foods, (b) a dietary plan of supplements, and (c) optionally advice in relation to non-food items, in each case as described above.
  • the foods and supplements will be orally administered to or by the individual. Generally the plan will be followed until a beneficial loss of body weight has occurred, and beyond (on a maintenance basis) .
  • Certain subjects may use the reductions in Chemical Calories but not the supplements as listed (as they will require different doses) the types of foods listed but not the calorie restriction diet part (e.g. pregnant subjects).
  • a further valuable and important benefit of the present invention is that not only does it lead to reductions in excess bodyweight, but it also helps control and treat various conditions associated with obesity such as immune dysfunction, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disorders, pulmonary disorders (for example asthma) , allergies, cancers, mood changes, neurological illnesses, changes in libido, hormonal disorders, reproductive dysfunction, congenital abnormalities, metabolic disorders (for example glucose dysregulation) , muscular skeletal disorders, renal and genitourinary disorders and skin disorders.
  • various conditions associated with obesity such as immune dysfunction, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disorders, pulmonary disorders (for example asthma) , allergies, cancers, mood changes, neurological illnesses, changes in libido, hormonal disorders, reproductive dysfunction, congenital abnormalities, metabolic disorders (for example glucose dysregulation) , muscular skeletal disorders, renal and genitourinary disorders and skin disorders.
  • the diet may be for the purpose of cosmetic improvement i.e. the dieter may not need or wish to lose weight for health reasons (e.g. obesity) .
  • the invention particularly provides a method of improving their appearance.
  • the invention provides a method of controlling one' s weight via restoration of the body' s natural slimming control system, which method is effected through a dietary system comprising at least one of: substantially reducing exposure to environmental Chemical Calories; a low Chemical Calorie content diet; removal of Chemical Calories from the body by means of ingestion of an absorbent for xenobiotic substances with high Chemical Calorie Ratings; use of a micronutrient supplement containing an effective amount of Chemical Calorie removing micronutrients; use of a micronutrient supplement containing an effective amount of Chemical Calorie depleted micronutrient components to repair and reinforce the natural slimming control system.
  • a preferred slimming method will comprise: reducing the Chemical Calorie loading of the body; reducing Chemical Calorie ingestion and absorption from the environment; increasing ingestion of Chemical Calorie load-reducing micro-nutrients; and increasing ingestion of key Natural Slimming System component micronutrients.
  • Chemical Calorie Rating varies significantly from one xenobiotic chemical to another.
  • chemicals such as methalaxyl, bromopropylate, and procymidone have relatively low ratings, whereas others such as dichlofluamid, carbendazim, thiabendazole, and aldicarb have ratings which are some 20 to 100 times higher.
  • xenobiotic chemicals having a Chemical Calorie Rating which are very low are not a significant problem in relation to slimming.
  • xenobiotic chemicals such as certain PCBs are particularly serious, and require especial consideration in relation to avoidance of ingestion and/or exposure to, and in relation to removal from the body and inclusion of micronutrients in supplements for encouraging removal thereof and correcting depletions resulting from consumption of micro-nutrients as a result of their presence.
  • Micro-nutrients are discussed in more detail hereinafter.
  • the counteracting supplements at (b) described above will generally be micronutrients or absorbants which reduce or remove Chemical Calorie loading; or micronutrients which counteract the effect of Chemical Calories on the WCS of the Natural Slimming System.
  • the amount of micronutrients required to restore and/or maintain effective functioning of the body' s Natural Slimming System will depend on various different factors such as the quantitative and qualitative nature of the Chemical Calorie loading in the body, as well as the exposure of the body to xenobiotic chemicals in the actual diet and/or in the actual environment.
  • Vitamins A, C, and E and zinc are important micro-nutrients for protecting the body against damage to the Natural Slimming System generally speaking.
  • micro-nutrients will depend on a number of factors including inter alia their individual exposures to xenobiotics, individual susceptibility to damage thereby, individual efficiency in excretion thereof etc.
  • suitable dosage rates for the above-mentioned micro-nutrients for a typical individual having an average western diet and exposure would be within the following ranges :
  • the recommended dosages In the case of individuals having a heavy loading and exposure, the recommended dosages would be increased by of the order of at least 100%. Also, in the case of individuals who are on a slimming (i.e. reduced kcal) diet, the recommended dosages should also be increased by the order of at least 100%.
  • the micronutrient supplements contain from 100% to 600%, preferably from 100% to 300%, of the above indicated minimum dosage levels. It will nevertheless be appreciated that some specific departures from the above generality may be appropriate in relation to certain micronutrients. Thus in the case of choline other benefits such as enhanced detoxification may be obtained with dosage levels of up to 1000% of the recommended minimum dosage. On the other hand in the case of folic acid the use of dosage levels greater than 500% of the minimum may result in undesirable side effects such as potentially masking a vitamin B12 deficiency causing irreversible nerve damage.
  • micronutrients may also be included in the supplements of the present invention, in order further to enhance the beneficial effects thereof.
  • the following micronutrients may be mentioned, biotin, bethaine, inositol, vitamin D, lipoic acid, phosphatidyl choline, calcium, organic sulphur, copper, chromium, selenium, manganese, vanadium, molybdenum, iodine, boron, PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid) , vitamin K and silicon.
  • the above recommended doses are generally based on an adult bodyweight of the order of 70 kg, and could, if desired, be adjusted pro rata for significantly different bodyweights. Obesity is of course also an increasing problem amongst children and the slimming system of the invention is equally applicable to children. Again suitable doses would be based pro rata on the above indicated doses. Conveniently a child dose would generally be 50% of the above indicated adult doses. Use of the slimming system would in general though not be recommended for children below the age of 5 years.
  • micro-nutrients can be conveniently presented in a so-called "food form” in which they are bound up with various different food components such as yeasts, citrus pulp, vegetable oil and carrot concentrates, in order to make them more recognisable to the body. This acts to significantly increase their absorption and availability, cutting down on the total amount of micronutrient needed to achieve the same task.
  • co-enzyme Q 10 is mixed into a culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to which it forms natural organic bonds. With this presentation 30 mg of the "food form” co-enzyme Q10, is equivalent to some 257 mg of conventional co-enzyme Q10 preparations.
  • the advantage of such "food form” presentations is the substantial reduction in micronutrient dosage needed to achieve the same effect. Accordingly it should be understood that any micronutrient dosages indicated herein are based on conventional forms of presentation unless otherwise indicated and encompass dosages of "food form”
  • a dietary supplement of the present invention certain other substances such as one or more of: amino acids, essential fatty acids, phytonutrients, herbal detoxification remedies, hormone balancing herbs, alkalising substances and enzymes may be beneficially included in a dietary supplement of the present invention.
  • Particularly suitable substances for inclusion in a dietary supplement of the invention comprise:
  • Tryptophan or L-5 hydroxytryptophan if preferred
  • essential fatty acids especially omega-3 fatty acids, for example linseed oil.
  • Essential fatty acids especially omega-3 fatty acids, for example linseed oil.
  • Suitable daily doses for these supplements are as follows:
  • micronutrients may also be included in the supplements of the present invention, in order further to enhance the beneficial effects thereof.
  • the following micronutrients may be mentioned:
  • Amino acids isoleucine, leucine, valine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, ethanolamine, glycine, serine, glutamine (or glutamic acid) , aspartic acid, a'rginine, histidine, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, alanine, asparagine, proline, carnitine, butyric acid, butyrates;
  • Essential fa tty acids omega-6 (and omega-3) essential fatty acids (from primrose, blackcurrant, borage, safflower, canola, soyabeans, sesame, sunflower, olive oil, walnut, or pumpkin) ;
  • Phytonutrients bioflavonoids, curcumin, catechins, lycopene, lutein, zeanxanthin, allium compounds, capsaicin, coumarins, chlorophyll, ellagic acid, sulphoraphane, isothiocyanate, anthocyanins, proanthocyanins, phenolic acids, quercitin, monoterpenes, liminoids, terepenes, indoles, allyl sulphides, carotenoids, saponins;
  • Herbal detoxifica tion remedies milk thistle, burdock, red clover, fenugreek, echinacea, yellow dock, dandelion root, ginkgo biloba, blessed thistle, ginger root, sarsaparilla root, plantain leaf, saw palmetto berry, corn silk, fructo-oligosaccharides, garcinia cambogia, oligosaccharides, flax meal, elecampane root, schisandra berry, elderberry, cloves, cat's claw, black walnut hull, goldenseal root, barley bran, wheat bran, tumeric, aloe vera, hibiscus, echinacea, fenugreek, dong quai, astragalus root, micro algae, melatonin, pinus maritima, kelp, slippery elm, sorrel, marshmallow root, fennel seed, barberry rootbark, senna,
  • Hormone balancing herbs licorice root, ginseng, isoflavones, genistein, chaste tree berry, triphala, black cohosh, wild yam, saw palmetto, damiana;
  • Alkalising minerals potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate:
  • Enzymes lipase, protease, amylase, phytase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lactase, catalase, superoxidase dismutase and glutathione peroxidase .
  • Preferred supplements will include at least methionine and glutathione, preferably in conjunction with tyrosine and tryptophan, and optionally one or more additional components discussed above e.g. omega-3 fatty acids.
  • Other preferred additional components include anthocynanidins, cysteine, and taurine.
  • the dietary system of the inventions desirably also includes an alkalisation supplement to adjust the pH balance in the body.
  • an alkalisation supplement to adjust the pH balance in the body.
  • this is in the form of a physiologically acceptable weak base such as one or more of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate etc with a typical dosage of around 5 g total of the bases included, taken up to 4 times a day.
  • the need for using an alkalisation agent will of course vary from one individual to another and can readily be determined by, for example, testing the pH of the urine with a pH indicator strip or the like.
  • a suitable dosage range would generally be in the range of from 50 to 200 millimoles of monovalent weak physiologically acceptable base such as NaHC0 3 or KHC0 3 or an equivalent amount of multivalent weak physiologically acceptable base such as CaC0 3 or MgC0 3 , per day - conveniently taken in 3 or 4 doses throughout the day. Of course mixtures may also be used.
  • monovalent weak physiologically acceptable base such as NaHC0 3 or KHC0 3
  • multivalent weak physiologically acceptable base such as CaC0 3 or MgC0 3
  • an enzyme supplement containing one or more digestive enzymes to enhance the functioning of the Natural Slimming System and/or protect it from damage by xenobiotic substances and one or more detoxification enzymes which are active in removing xenobiotic substances from the body.
  • Suitable digestive enzymes which may be mentioned include lipase, protease, amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lactase; and suitable detoxification enzymes include catalase, superoxidase dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase.
  • the formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. All methods include a step of bringing the active compound into association with a carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredient. In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing the active compound into association with a liquid carrier or a finely divided solid carrier or both and then, if necessary, shaping the product into desired formulations.
  • Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units as capsules, cachets, tablets or lozenges, each containing a predetermined amount of the active compound; as a powder or granules; or a solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid such as a syrup, an elixir, an emulsion or a draught. Other kinds of formulations such as teas or infusions, may also be used.
  • a tablet may be made by compression or moulding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients.
  • Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active compound in a free- flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, surface active or dispersing agent.
  • Moulded tablets may be made by moulding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered active compound with any suitable carrier.
  • a syrup may be made by adding the active compound to a concentrated, aqueous solution of a sugar, for example sucrose, to which may also be added any accessory ingredients.
  • a sugar for example sucrose
  • Such accessory ingredient (s) may include flavorings, an agent to retard crystallization of the sugar or an agent to increase the solubility of any other ingredients, such as a polyhydric alcohol for example glycerol or sorbitol.
  • the slimming system of the present invention can conveniently be presented in a "food form" combined with food components, for oral ingestion.
  • Suitable topical formulations include patches.
  • Formulations for rectal administration may be presented as a suppository with a conventional carrier such as cocoa butter.
  • Formulations suitable for parenteral administration conveniently comprise a sterile aqueous preparation of the active compound which is preferably isotonic with the blood of the recipient.
  • Useful formulations also comprise concentrated solutions or solids containing an active component of the present invention which upon dilution with an appropriate solvent give a solution for parenteral administration as above.
  • the present invention provides a slimming composition, in the form of a Chemical Calorie absorbent composition.
  • a composition will preferably include charcoal (preferably activated charcoal) and soluble fibre, and desirably also clay.
  • charcoal preferably activated charcoal
  • soluble fibre preferably soluble fiber
  • clay preferably soluble fibre
  • absorbents selected from:
  • Ion exchange resins for example colestipol and cholestyramine
  • Sucrose polyesters which are non-absorbable lipophilic binding agents
  • Chelating agents for example sodium dimercaptopropane sulphonate [DMPS] , and sodium dimercaptosuccinate [DMS] )
  • the recommended dosages In the case of individuals having a heavy loading and exposure, the recommended dosages would be increased by of the order of at least 100%. Also, in the case of individuals who are on a slimming diet, the recommended dosages should also be increased by of the order of at least 100%.
  • Suitable clays include bentonite, kaolin, and Fuller's earth.
  • Suitable soluble fibre materials include psyllium, locust bean gum, oat bran and/or oat gum, konjac annan, pectin, guar gum, acacia gum, rice bran.
  • a method of treatment for a subject suffering from obesity or a method of improving the bodily appearance of a subject, which method comprises administering a formulation as described herein to the subject.
  • the supplement for use in these methods is also provided, as is use of the supplement in the preparation of a medicament for these methods.
  • the invention also provides a system for improving or maintaining the ability of a subject to control their weight, which system includes:
  • a commodity provider who provides commodities for the subject
  • a certifier who certifies said commodities according to their Chemical Calorie content, such that the individual can select the commodities according to their Chemical Calorie content
  • said certifier optionally using an analyser who determines the presence of xenobiotics in the commodity, and a database provider who provides the Chemical Calorie Rating of said xenobiotics present in the commodity.
  • the system may also include:
  • an advisor who advises the individual on selection of commodities according to their Chemical Calorie content, said advisor optionally using an analyser who determines the presence of xenobiotics in the individual, and a database provider who provides the Chemical Calorie Rating of said xenobiotics present in the individual.
  • the system may also include:
  • the invention further relates to methods, compositions, systems, and processes as described in any of the Examples hereinafter, with reference to the tables, figures and flowcharts described herein.
  • Fig 1 shows a determination of Chemical Calorie Ratings Chart using 'corrected severities' for Chlormequat and Aldicarb as described in Example 1.
  • Fig 2 shows a severity calculation chart for Chlormequat as described in Example 1.
  • Fig 3a shows a data quality index chart as described in Example 1.
  • Fig 3b shows a longevity indices chart as described in Example 1.
  • Fig 4 shows a determination of Chemical Calorie Ratings Chart using 'raw severities' for Chlormequat and Aldicarb as described in Example 2.
  • Fig 5 shows a Chemical Calorie Calculation Table for two different items (Mars Bars, Smarties) .
  • Figs 6 shows a list of some pesticides and their effects on different WCS. The results can be used to derive tables such as those shown in Fig 1 and Fig 4.
  • Fig 7 shows the correlation between chemical production and % of overweight adults in the population.
  • Fig 8 shows a schematic representation of some of the key Weight Controlling Systems (WCS) of relevance to the present invention.
  • Flowcharts 2a, 2b, 3 show, respectively, an item categorization flowchart, a Chemical Calories calculation flowchart, and a data analysis flowchart.
  • the explanatory reference numerals referred to in the flow chart are as follows:
  • Examples include polystyrene cups, which will not themselves be ingested but which will come into direct contact with ingestible items .
  • a polystyrene cup might typically be filled with hot coffee, stirred with a plastic spoon and contain the hot liquid for ten minutes .
  • This step depends on whether the user of the invention is trying to ascertain the absolute level of Chemical Calories in the item or just grading whether or not it is low in Chemical Calories.
  • the end-result of the CCR determination process is a table showing the Severity of the impact of each Toxic Chemical on each of the WCS.
  • a table is called a Determination of Chemical Calorie Ratings Chart. Since some of the WCS are more important than others, each WCS is given a WCS Weighting. The CCR is therefore the sum of the product of each Severity and its Weighting.
  • An example of such a Determination of CCR Chart is shown in Figure 1.
  • the data in the body of this Determination of CCR Chart are Corrected Severities, measured in Damage Units per unit mass (DU / mg) . These numbers are derived from a number of Severity Calculation Charts (one for each Toxic Chemical) . An example of a Severity Calculation Chart is shown in Figure 2.
  • Severity Calculation Chart At the top of the Severity Calculation Chart is the name of the Toxic Chemical to which it relates, and the maximum half-life of that chemical in the human body, measured in hours. From the half- life, a Longevity Index is derived from a separate table, the Longevity Indices Conversion Chart which gives the Longevity Index as equal to the Square Root of the Half-Life in Hours.
  • Longevity Index is related to the time that the Toxic Chemical will remain in the human body, but it is an index rather than a direct measure of time and it therefore has no units.
  • the Average Concentration used in trials e.g. from literary sources and reports, or from studies carried out for the purpose. This is calculated as the average Actual Concentration used in Trials (for each Trial for which data is available) and is used for those trials for which the Actual Concentration is not available.
  • Concentration is the mass used in the Trial (in mg per dose) divided by the mass of the animal (in kg) . In turn this can be converted to equivalent human dosage (e.g. by multiplying by an average human weight in kg of 70) .
  • Each Row on the Severity Calculation Chart represents data from one Trial, linking the effects of one Toxic Chemical to one WCS.
  • the data recorded from each Trial is as follows:
  • the Severity of the impact on the WCS is measured in Damage Units, on a scale from 0 to 10. This is converted to a Severity per unit Mass when it is divided by the Human Equivalent Dosage, which is measured in mg and is based on the Mass of the Toxic Chemical used in the Trial, normalised to a standard Human weight of 70 kg.
  • the Longevity Index reflects the fact that a Toxic Chemical that remains in the body for a long time will do more damage than one that is excreted or metabolised quickly.
  • the Data Quality Index ensures that a Toxic Chemical has a higher CCR if there a large number of trials that indicate its damaging effects, or if the trials have been done in Humans.
  • the Data Quality Index is calculated in such a way that additional Trials have a major effect if there are few Trials linking a particular
  • the final figure is called the Corrected Severity per Unit Mass, to distinguish it from the Raw Severity data which was the starting point.
  • Raw Severity data from trials may be used and there is no need for a Severity Calculation Chart, a Longevity Index or a Data Quality Index.
  • the Raw Severities of Impact of any Toxic Chemical on each WCS are recorded on the CCR Calculation Chart, based on data from a range of trials.
  • Data Quality is included as the number of Trials using any Toxic Chemical that showed any Weight Gain is multiplied by 5 (or 10 if the study was done in Humans) and recorded on the Determination of CCR Chart.
  • the sum of all these Raw Severities and the appropriately factored number of trials is called the Initial Total and is multiplied by the Half-Life in Hours to obtain a CCR.
  • An example of such a Determination of CCR Chart is shown in Figure 4.
  • the process set out herein for determining the number of Chemical Calories in an item may be applied in substantially similar manner irrespective of the nature of the item e.g. a food item; a fat or blood biopsy sample; a skin-care product; an air sample; an item of furniture; an item of food packaging.
  • a food item e.g. a fat or blood biopsy sample; a skin-care product; an air sample; an item of furniture; an item of food packaging.
  • the detailed approach needs to be tailored to the nature of the item.
  • This process involves correlating the concentrations of each Toxic Chemical with the Chemical Calorie Rating of each Toxic Chemical and the Absorption Efficiency of each Toxic Chemical (according to whether the mechanism of absorption is ingestion, inhalation, skin contact or general environmental) .
  • the end result will be a Chemical Calories Calculation Table, showing not only the number of Chemical Calories per kg of the Item and the number of Chemical Calories Absorbed per kg of the Item, but also showing the sources of these numbers to identify the main Toxic Chemicals leading to these results.
  • Imported lamb meat was found to contain significant amounts of two xenobiotic substances : the organochlorine DDT and the organophosphate Diazinon.
  • the amount of each xenobiotic substance with a high Chemical Calorie Rating present in each kg was multiplied by the respective Chemical Calorie Rating, and the resulting values were then added together.
  • a fat sample is obtained from fat recovered in a liposuction procedure and then analysed for various key xenobiotic substances,
  • Example 5 Micro-nutrient Formulation The following micro-nutrient preparations were utilised for replacement of Chemical Calorie depleted micro-nutrients active in the Natural Slimming System, and active in disposal of harmful xenobiotics .
  • Vitamin B3 100 mg
  • Vitamin B6 30 mg Vitamin B12 100 meg
  • All the foods eaten should be either organic and/or low in Chemical Calories.
  • the foods recommended tended to be low in refined sugars, have medium levels of complex carbohydrates, medium levels of proteins, low in saturated fat but high in certain essential fatty acids, high in soluble and insoluble fibre, with medium to high amounts of raw fruit and/or vegetables.
  • a generous amount of pure filtered or distilled or natural water should be consumed (about 1 litre to 3 litres) , preferably with added lemon, lime or cucumber to promote alkalisation.
  • Vegetable soup or broth (fats not used in cooking) . Most vegetables, preferably eaten raw, except the following vegetables (avocados, potatoes, corn and pulses such as lentils, peas and beans) .
  • Foods which should be avoided include any foods which are likely to affect the smooth running of the Natural Slimming System such as those with high levels of Chemical Calories (such as fish oils) , artificial colours, artificial sweeteners and artificial flavourings; body stimulants such as caffeine or depressants; fats which interfere with the body' s ability to use essential fats such as margarines which tend to contain 'hydrogenated polyunsaturated oils' and other hydrogenated vegetable oils.
  • Chemical Calories such as fish oils
  • body stimulants such as caffeine or depressants
  • fats which interfere with the body' s ability to use essential fats such as margarines which tend to contain 'hydrogenated polyunsaturated oils' and other hydrogenated vegetable oils.
  • a female adult (age 35, height 5 ft 4 inches) was maintained on a Chemical Calorie controlled diet based on that of Example 4 for a period of 3 months.
  • a Chemical Calorie absorbent formulation according to example 1 was taken twice daily at least 20 minutes before breakfasting and after dinner at night.
  • a micronutrient formulation according to Example 2 and a dietary supplement according to Example 3 were taken twice a day immediately before or after both meals of breakfast and dinner.
  • the alkalising mineral mixture was taken first thing in the morning at a similar time to the Chemical Calorie absorbent, and later in the day if pH testing indicated it was necessary.
  • a Chemical Calorie controlled dietary programme based more or less closely on example 4 was followed during the course of the experimental period.
  • Bodyweight and size measurements were recorded on a weekly basis and the following changes observed at 30 day intervals over this period.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne la découverte inattendue du fait que les composants xénobiotiques (par exemple, les pesticides et les PCB), même aux niveaux relativement faibles où ils sont présents dans la nourriture ou dans d'autres sources de l'environnement, peuvent entraîner des prises de poids importantes chez des individus exposés auxdits composants, en inhibant les systèmes naturels de régulation pondérale chez des individus. L'invention concerne également des procédés et des matériaux permettant d'aider à mesurer, éviter ou contrôler ces effets inhibiteurs en fournissant divers systèmes d'évaluation et de comparaison de l'effet individuel (ou « Evaluation calorique chimique »CCR) de différents composants xénobiotiques et les articles ou régimes qui peuvent les contenir. Ces systèmes reposent sur une approche structurée par laquelle un certain nombre de facteurs, comprenant l'effet du xénobiotique contre chaque système de régulation pondérale présent chez un sujet test et sa persistance chez ledit sujet test, sont associés afin de permettre des comparaisons utiles à réaliser. L'invention concerne encore différentes compositions personnalisées (comme des micronutriments et des adsorbants) afin de contrer l'effet inhibiteur du xénobiotique sur les systèmes de régulation pondérale d'un sujet.
PCT/GB2001/003554 2000-08-08 2001-08-07 Systeme pour mincir WO2002012882A2 (fr)

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AU2001276537A AU2001276537A1 (en) 2000-08-08 2001-08-07 Slimming system

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GBGB0019327.6A GB0019327D0 (en) 2000-08-08 2000-08-08 Slimming system
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GB0117052A GB2370504A (en) 2000-08-08 2001-07-12 Determining the effect of compounds on the ability of a subject to control their weight and compositions to reduce the effect of such compounds
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CN108079273A (zh) * 2018-02-06 2018-05-29 重庆医科大学附属永川医院 用于局部皮肤麻醉后的护理磨砂膏及其制备方法
WO2021056248A1 (fr) * 2019-09-25 2021-04-01 上海同柏生物科技有限公司 Technologie pour la dégradation et le raffermissement de la graisse faciale et application de la technologie
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