WO2001092181A1 - Mortier phosphomagnesien et procede d'obtention de ce mortier - Google Patents
Mortier phosphomagnesien et procede d'obtention de ce mortier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001092181A1 WO2001092181A1 PCT/FR2001/001579 FR0101579W WO0192181A1 WO 2001092181 A1 WO2001092181 A1 WO 2001092181A1 FR 0101579 W FR0101579 W FR 0101579W WO 0192181 A1 WO0192181 A1 WO 0192181A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mortar
- phosphomagnesium
- water
- granular elements
- mixture
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- -1 Phosphomagnesium Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002085 Dialdehyde starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric Acid Chemical class [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002680 magnesium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- AJDUTMFFZHIJEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)-4-[4-[[4-[4-[(9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]phenyl]benzamide Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2NC(=O)C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1N=NC(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C2=O AJDUTMFFZHIJEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003340 retarding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SGPDKGQGUXXQTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;sulfuric acid;acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O.OS(O)(=O)=O SGPDKGQGUXXQTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012749 thinning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001043 yellow dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/34—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/005—High shear mixing; Obtaining macro-defect free materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00068—Mortar or concrete mixtures with an unusual water/cement ratio
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/60—Flooring materials
- C04B2111/62—Self-levelling compositions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a new phosphomagnesium mortar, a process for obtaining this mortar, as well as the hydraulic binder useful for obtaining the mortar.
- Phosphomagnesium cements are hydraulic binders, that is to say binders which, in the presence of water, solidify. They are characterized by a binder based on phosphorus and magnesium derivatives.
- Phosphomagnesium mortars obtained from these cements are particularly interesting for their speed of setting and their high mechanical properties. In addition, they can be used in contact with aggressive media. However, this very rapid setting, which is advantageous in certain applications such as the repair of an airport runway or a road, limits the use of these phosphomagnesium mortars. These mortars are in the form of a thick paste which makes them not very compatible with applications such as the manufacture of a floor slab or of pre-fabricated elements except when adding to them significant quantities of water or agents thinners. When adding thinning agents, the setting time is generally altered. When the amount of water is increased to make the mortar fluid, the mechanical properties are generally degraded.
- the articles obtained from phosphomagnesium mortars have in particular a low flexural strength.
- Phosphomagnesium mortars are generally brittle and lack flexibility. This is a drawback when, for example, the mortar is used to cover a support which, subject to various stresses, moves and undergoes deformations. If the coating based on phosphomagnesium mortar lacks flexibility, it will crack, crack.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a new family of self-leveling, fluid phosphomagnesium mortars which exhibit short setting times and develop excellent mechanical properties over time. These objects are achieved with the present invention which relates to a self-leveling fluid phosphomagnesium mortar which comprises a phosphomagnesium binder containing a phosphorus compound and a magnesium compound, granular elements, and water, in which the ratio E / L is less than 0.38, E representing the amount of water and L the amount of phosphorus and magnesium compounds in the mortar, and the fluidity of the mortar is at least 150%.
- the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a fluid and self-leveling phosphomagnesium mortar which comprises the addition of water to a mixture comprising a phosphomagnesium binder containing a phosphorus compound and a composed of magnesium, and granular elements, the amount of water added being such that the W / L ratio is less than 0.38, the mixing of the mixture added with water under conditions that the energy supplied to the mixture is sufficient to allow the passage of the hard point of the dough to form a mortar which has a fluidity of at least 150%.
- the invention relates to articles obtained from the mortar according to the invention which have a mechanical strength in compression at 24 hours of at least 30 MPa.
- the fluidity is measured from a metal cylinder 3 cm in diameter (di) and 4.8 cm in height, placed on a plastic film.
- the fluidity according to the invention is defined in% according to the formula (df / di) x100.
- thorough kneading is understood to mean kneading which is carried out with sufficient energy to allow the passage of the hard point of the dough, that is to say the instantaneous passage from a pasty state to a fluid state.
- the mortar of the present invention which has a fluidity of at least 150%, makes it possible for example to coat floors. Due to its fluidity, it also makes it possible to manufacture prefabricated elements, by using a suitable mold. It can also be pumped and sprayed without difficulty.
- the fluid mortar of the present invention is obtained with small amounts of water, which makes it possible to obtain articles having good mechanical properties, in particular a high compressive strength at young ages.
- this mortar when it does not contain a setting retarder, has a very fast setting time.
- a phosphomagnesium binder comprises at least one phosphorus compound and at least one magnesium compound.
- the phosphorus compound all the phosphorus-based compounds can be used insofar as they comprise phosphorus pentoxide, available directly or in the form of a precursor.
- phosphorus pentoxide phosphoric acid or derivatives such as orthophosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, or the salts such acids, such as phosphates, hydrogenophosphates, orthophosphates, pyrophosphates, polyphosphates, tripolyphosphates, tetrapolyphosphates, aluminum, calcium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, or mixtures thereof.
- the salts of the phosphorus-based acids mentioned above are used.
- phosphates potassium phosphate, magnesium, ammonium, or mixtures thereof are used.
- the phosphorus-based constituent is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, optionally mixed with ammonium tripolyphosphate.
- the phosphorus compound can be in a liquid or preferably solid form.
- the phosphorus compound is in the form of particles whose particle size is more particularly at most 300 ⁇ m. It should be noted that this value is not critical and that, if it is possible to use constituents whose particle size is greater than 300 ⁇ m, grinding before incorporation into the composition according to the invention may be desirable . This grinding can improve the kinetics of dissolution of the phosphorus compound.
- the compound is used in a form adsorbed on a porous support.
- a porous support mention may be made, for example, of diatomaceous earth, clay, bentonite, silica, alumina. The adsorption is carried out in a manner known per se.
- the phosphorus compound in solution or in suspension, is brought into contact with the support, with stirring, then the resulting suspension is heated so as to evaporate the excess liquid.
- This operation can likewise be carried out by impregnating the support in a drum or on a rotating disc.
- the phosphomagnesium binder also comprises at least one magnesium compound. Any magnesium-based compound is suitable for the present invention as long as it reacts with the phosphorus compound in the presence of water.
- magnesium compounds magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate.
- a compound based on magnesium oxide is used.
- magnesia usually obtained after calcination of magnesium carbonate, at temperatures above 1200 ° C.
- said magnesium oxide can be used in a pure form or can optionally comprise at least one element of the calcium, silicon, aluminum or even iron type; these elements being generally in the form of oxide or hydroxide.
- this type of compound mention may be made of dolomite, a mixture comprising in particular magnesium oxide and calcium oxide. If magnesium oxide is used in pure form, the purity of said oxide is at least 80%.
- a magnesium compound is used whose specific surface is less than 10 m 2 / g. More specifically, the specific surface is less than 2 m z / g.
- the particle size of said compound is usually between 10 and 500 ⁇ m. It would be conceivable to use compounds whose particle size is outside the aforementioned range, but without this bringing any particular advantages. Thus, if the particle size is greater than 500 ⁇ m, a grinding step prior to incorporation into the composition may be necessary. Furthermore, if the particle size of said compounds was less than 10 ⁇ m, one could note a modification of the properties of the composition brought into contact with water.
- the mortar according to the invention could be less advantageous from the point of view of implementation or from an economic point of view.
- the proportion of the magnesium compound in the phosphomagnesium binder, the proportion of the magnesium compound
- the mortar comprises granular elements.
- These granular elements can be chosen from sand, SiO, TiO 2 , AI 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , talc, mica, kaolin, bentonite, metakaolin, crude dolomite, ore of chromium, clinker, vermiculite, perlite, mica, cellulose, slag. They can be synthetic products. They can be crystallized or amorphous compounds obtained, for example, by grinding and sieving to the desired size. It is also possible to use ground silica, fumed silica, fly ash. According to one embodiment, the granular elements comprise fly ash in an amount between 1 and 20% relative to the weight of the granular elements. According to one embodiment, the granular elements consist mainly of silica sand.
- the particle size distribution of the granular elements can vary widely depending on the intended application.
- the size of the granular elements can vary for example between 1 and 500 ⁇ m.
- the mortar of the invention comprises an amount of phosphomagnesium binder between 10 and 50% by weight relative to the total amount of mortar without water.
- the granular stack is such that the granular elements comprise at least one mineral powder whose D50 is greater than 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 200 and 400 ⁇ m, and at least one mineral powder whose D50 is less than 50 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 and 10 ⁇ m.
- the powder whose D50 is less than 50 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 and 10 ⁇ m represents at least 15% by weight of the granular elements and the mineral powder whose D50 is greater than 100 represents at most 75% of the elements granular, preferably at most 70%.
- D50 means that 50% by weight of the granular elements have a grain size less than or equal to the given value, the grain size being measured by the sizes of the mesh of the sieves, the passing of which constitutes 50% of the total weight of the grains.
- the amount of water in the mortar which is defined from the W / L ratio is preferably between 0.28 and 0.33.
- the mortar according to the invention can comprise an agent delaying setting. More particularly, this agent is chosen from compounds capable of complexing magnesium.
- the latter can in particular be carboxylic acids, such as citric, oxalic, tartaric acids, acids, esters or salts containing boron, acids, esters or salts containing phosphorus, such as sodium tripolyphosphate, ferrous sulfate, sodium sulfate and lignosulfonate, zinc chloride, copper acetate, sodium gluconate, sulfate sodium acetate cellulose, the product of the reaction of formaldehyde with aminolignosulfate, dialdehyde starch, N, N- dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea, silicoflubrides, tall oil and sucrose, these compounds being taken alone or as a mixture.
- carboxylic acids such as citric, oxalic, tartaric acids, acids, esters or salts containing boron
- the carboxylic acids are used, alone or as a mixture, and preferably the acids, esters or salts containing boron.
- boric acid and its salts such as the alkali metal salts, such as sodium (borax), the amine or ammonium.
- the esters of boric acid are also suitable for implementing the invention, such as trialkyloxyborates, triaryloxyborates.
- the agent delaying the setting is implemented in the form of a powder whose average diameter is from 10 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the mortar can contain fibers.
- fibers useful in the context of the invention, mention may be made of polypropylene, polyester, polyaramide fibers, such as, for example, KEVLAR®, carbon fibers, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose fibers or ribbons. amorphous fonts.
- Glass fibers can also be used. All the glass fibers usually used in cements are suitable. It is therefore possible to use alkali-resistant fibers, such as special glass fibers obtained in particular by treatment with zirconium, as well as soda-lime glass fibers.
- standard glass fibers are also suitable. This is the case of conventional glasses such as borosilicate glasses which are usually destroyed in an alkaline medium.
- the fibers are organic fibers. Mention may be made, for example, of polypropylene or polyamide fibers.
- These fibers have lengths varying from 0.6 mm to several tens of millimeters, preferably from 1 to 15 mm.
- the fibers have a diameter between 1 and 50 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 and 25 ⁇ m.
- the amount of fibers in the mortar of the invention is between 0.1 and 10% relative to the weight of binder, preferably between 0.1 and 2%.
- the fluidity of the mortar of the invention allows the addition of fibers, preferably organic.
- the mortar contains such fibers, the ductility of the articles produced from this binder is increased, without harming the rheological properties of the fresh mortar.
- the mortar according to the invention can also comprise a water-repellent agent.
- the mortar of the invention can comprise all the conventional additives, such as latex powders, anti-foaming agents, for example, anti-foaming agents based on polydimethyl-siloxanes and polypropylene glycol, texturing and viscosity agents, for example.
- anti-foaming agents for example, anti-foaming agents based on polydimethyl-siloxanes and polypropylene glycol
- texturing and viscosity agents for example.
- cellulose fibers guar, starch, cellulose ether, starch ethers, polyvinyl alcohol.
- the amount of these additives in the mortar is at most 10% by weight relative to the binder.
- the amount of additives is at most 5%.
- the fluid mortar is obtained by mixing the constituents of the mortar added with water with sufficient energy to allow the passage of the hard point. During mixing, we first form a very thick paste which, after a sufficient time of mixing, instantly fluidizes to form the fluid mortar (fluidity of at least 150%).
- the mixing of the mixture and the water is carried out according to any suitable method, the main thing being to obtain the most homogeneous distribution possible of all the constituent elements of the mortar and the transformation of the thick paste into a fluid mortar by exceeding the hard point.
- the kneading is carried out under shearing conditions, using a kneader capable of providing a power of at least 50 / kg of mortar for a time sufficient to allow the transformation of the thick paste into fluid mortar.
- the kneading time is at most 15 minutes, preferably between 5 and 10 minutes.
- the mixing time should be as short as possible, in particular because of the rapid setting of the mortar (short open time). If you wish to reduce the mixing time, you can also overcome the hard point by mixing the mixture with a higher energy, for example greater than 100 W / kg of mortar.
- a composition is generally prepared comprising all the solid elements used in the composition of the mortar. Water is then added to this composition which may contain other liquid additives useful in the preparation of the mortar. However, it is preferable to have all the elements in solid form mixed in a single premix in order to be satisfied with having to add only water during mixing. In order to improve the homogeneity of the mixture, it is also possible to implement a step of preliminary mixing of the solid elements before adding water. The mixing operation is advantageously carried out at a temperature close to room temperature.
- the fluid mortar thus obtained can be poured without any difficulty on the ground. Its self-leveling property makes it possible to obtain perfectly smooth and resistant coatings.
- This fluid mortar can also be poured into a suitable mold, to give prefabricated articles, for example slabs, panels, stairs, etc. The molded products are then allowed to dry, advantageously at a temperature close to Room temperature. Taking into account the time of acquisition of mechanical properties at young ages, articles are obtained in a short time. mechanically very resistant, which greatly accelerates the production rates.
- these mortars can be used as repair and sealing mortars, for example in the rapid repair of roads, bridges, and airport runways. Thus, they are used to seal cracks, holes or cover degraded areas as well as for the repair of reinforced concrete structures. Indeed, these mortars, in addition to good adhesion to so-called Portland cements, have significant mechanical properties of resistance to bending and compression, making them particularly suitable for this type of application. It is also possible to use these mortars as coatings, for pipes because they resist chemical attack and have excellent hardness and resistance to abrasion.
- the mortar of the invention no longer exhibits any demixing phenomenon.
- the following examples illustrate the invention without, however, limiting its scope.
- Prismatic test pieces (4 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 16 cm) are produced by pouring the mortar into standard polystyrene molds. After removing the molds, the mechanical properties of the test pieces are measured under the following conditions.
- the measurements are carried out in three-point bending (NFP 18407) on six test pieces and in compression (NFP 15451) on six test pieces using a hydraulic testing machine (200 kN).
- a phosphomagnesium mortar is prepared from the following hydraulic binder (parts by weight):
- the mortar is prepared by adding different amounts of water as specified in Table 1 below.
- MaxLab ⁇ marketed by CESA which provides an energy of around 70 W / kg of mortar.
- the kneading is carried out for 8 min at 180 rpm. These mixing conditions make it possible to exceed the hard point of the mixture and to obtain a fluid mortar. Test pieces are prepared from this paste according to the procedure described above. The setting time is around 35 min. The mechanical properties obtained are reported in Table 1.
- Example 1.4 shows that when the W / L ratio is 0.38, a fluid mixture is obtained, however the compressive strength at 24 hours is less than 30 MPa.
- Examples 1.1 to 1.3 show that it is possible to obtain a fluid mortar while reducing the amount of water present in the mortar by applying a mixture to the mixture which makes it possible to overcome the hard point. A fluid mortar is thus obtained for a W / L ratio as low as 0.29 while retaining good properties at young ages.
- the mortars obtained are in the form of a non-fluid paste.
- the fluidity can only be obtained by adding an additional quantity of water which considerably degrades the mechanical properties at young ages.
- Example 1 is reproduced from a mixture comprising
- the mortar is prepared by adding water in an amount such that W / L is 0.3.
- the mixing of the mixture with added water is carried out with a MaxLab ⁇ type mixer marketed by CESA which provides an energy of approximately 70 W / kg of mortar under mixing conditions which allow the hard point of the mixture to be exceeded (8 min. at 185 rpm) and obtain a fluid mortar (fluidity of at least 150%).
- the compressive strength obtained is 50 MPa at 48 hours and the flexural strength is 8 MPa at 48 hours.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/296,790 US6805740B2 (en) | 2000-05-29 | 2001-05-22 | Phosphomagnesium mortar and method for obtaining same |
MXPA02011713A MXPA02011713A (es) | 2000-05-29 | 2001-05-22 | Mortero de fosfomagnesio y metodo para la obtencion del mismo. |
CA002407711A CA2407711A1 (fr) | 2000-05-29 | 2001-05-22 | Mortier phosphomagnesien et procede d'obtention de ce mortier |
AU2001264000A AU2001264000A1 (en) | 2000-05-29 | 2001-05-22 | Phosphomagnesium mortar and method for obtaining same |
EP01938304A EP1289906A1 (fr) | 2000-05-29 | 2001-05-22 | Mortier phosphomagnesien et procede d'obtention de ce mortier |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0006836A FR2809391B1 (fr) | 2000-05-29 | 2000-05-29 | Nouveau mortier phosphomagnesien, procede d'obtention de ce mortier |
FR00/06836 | 2000-05-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001092181A1 true WO2001092181A1 (fr) | 2001-12-06 |
Family
ID=8850715
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2001/001579 WO2001092181A1 (fr) | 2000-05-29 | 2001-05-22 | Mortier phosphomagnesien et procede d'obtention de ce mortier |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6805740B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1289906A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001264000A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2407711A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2809391B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MXPA02011713A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001092181A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10112915B2 (en) | 2015-02-02 | 2018-10-30 | Forma Therapeutics, Inc. | 3-aryl bicyclic [4,5,0] hydroxamic acids as HDAC inhibitors |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0130697D0 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2002-02-06 | Placoplatre S A | Plasterboard |
EP2763847A4 (fr) | 2011-10-07 | 2015-08-19 | Boral Ip Holdings Australia Pty Ltd | Composites de polymère inorganique/polymère organique et procédés pour les préparer |
US8864901B2 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2014-10-21 | Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited | Calcium sulfoaluminate cement-containing inorganic polymer compositions and methods of making same |
FR3003252B1 (fr) * | 2013-03-13 | 2015-04-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Liant et son utilisation pour le conditionnement de dechets contenant de l'aluminium metallique |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0262981A2 (fr) * | 1986-10-03 | 1988-04-06 | Redland Technologies Limited | Procédé de fabrication des compositions cimenteuses |
EP0275609A1 (fr) * | 1987-01-23 | 1988-07-27 | T&N Materials Research Limited | Fabrication d'articles façonnés à partir de poudre réfractaire |
US5322389A (en) * | 1993-03-04 | 1994-06-21 | Conversion Systems, Inc. | Method for transporting a cementitious mixture to an underground space |
EP0661242A1 (fr) * | 1993-12-31 | 1995-07-05 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Préparation de ciments phosphomagnésiens |
DE19605701A1 (de) * | 1996-02-16 | 1997-09-25 | Strotmann Rochus | Fließ-, streich- und spachtelfähige Kalkmassen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
FR2764285A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-10 | 1998-12-11 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Nouvelle phase liante pour ciments phosphomagnesiens et leur utilisation pour la preparation de mortiers |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4394174A (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1983-07-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. | Phosphate cement and mortar |
FR2742142B1 (fr) * | 1995-12-08 | 1998-01-16 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Nouvelle phase liante pour ciments phosphomagnesiens et leur utilisation pour la preparation de mortiers |
FR2749007B1 (fr) * | 1996-05-24 | 1998-08-14 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Nouvelle composition de ciment phosphomagnesien comprenant un polymere sous forme de particules |
FR2809724B1 (fr) * | 2000-06-05 | 2003-05-09 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Nouveau liant hydraulique phosphomagnesien, et mortier obtenu a partir de ce liant |
-
2000
- 2000-05-29 FR FR0006836A patent/FR2809391B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-05-22 WO PCT/FR2001/001579 patent/WO2001092181A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-05-22 MX MXPA02011713A patent/MXPA02011713A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-05-22 AU AU2001264000A patent/AU2001264000A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-22 US US10/296,790 patent/US6805740B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-22 EP EP01938304A patent/EP1289906A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-05-22 CA CA002407711A patent/CA2407711A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0262981A2 (fr) * | 1986-10-03 | 1988-04-06 | Redland Technologies Limited | Procédé de fabrication des compositions cimenteuses |
EP0275609A1 (fr) * | 1987-01-23 | 1988-07-27 | T&N Materials Research Limited | Fabrication d'articles façonnés à partir de poudre réfractaire |
US5322389A (en) * | 1993-03-04 | 1994-06-21 | Conversion Systems, Inc. | Method for transporting a cementitious mixture to an underground space |
EP0661242A1 (fr) * | 1993-12-31 | 1995-07-05 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Préparation de ciments phosphomagnésiens |
DE19605701A1 (de) * | 1996-02-16 | 1997-09-25 | Strotmann Rochus | Fließ-, streich- und spachtelfähige Kalkmassen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
FR2764285A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-10 | 1998-12-11 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Nouvelle phase liante pour ciments phosphomagnesiens et leur utilisation pour la preparation de mortiers |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10112915B2 (en) | 2015-02-02 | 2018-10-30 | Forma Therapeutics, Inc. | 3-aryl bicyclic [4,5,0] hydroxamic acids as HDAC inhibitors |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2407711A1 (fr) | 2001-12-06 |
FR2809391B1 (fr) | 2003-05-09 |
US20030140821A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
EP1289906A1 (fr) | 2003-03-12 |
MXPA02011713A (es) | 2003-03-27 |
US6805740B2 (en) | 2004-10-19 |
AU2001264000A1 (en) | 2001-12-11 |
FR2809391A1 (fr) | 2001-11-30 |
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