EP3966179A1 - Composition de liant pour materiau de construction - Google Patents
Composition de liant pour materiau de constructionInfo
- Publication number
- EP3966179A1 EP3966179A1 EP20747020.4A EP20747020A EP3966179A1 EP 3966179 A1 EP3966179 A1 EP 3966179A1 EP 20747020 A EP20747020 A EP 20747020A EP 3966179 A1 EP3966179 A1 EP 3966179A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- binder composition
- composition according
- matrix
- metakaolin
- silicate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/10—Clay
- C04B14/106—Kaolin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of construction, roads and building.
- the invention relates to a binder composition comprising a particular alkaline activation matrix.
- the present invention also relates to a process for preparing a binder composition.
- the invention also relates to construction materials and objects resulting from the setting of this binder composition.
- the present invention relates to the use of a particular alkaline-activated binder composition in the maintenance of buildings and roads.
- Geopolymeric cements are formed from a mineral matrix composed of silica and alumina exhibiting reaction sites on which a so-called activation solution, generally alkaline, is reacted so as to allow crosslinking of the matrix.
- the geopolymer thus obtained has a three-dimensional structure containing Si-O-Al bonds.
- the geopolymeric cements of the prior art are generally activated by alkaline solutions of silicate of formula (nSiCh, M2O), M being an alkali metal and n being the molar ratio between S1O2 and M2O.
- the mechanical properties in particular the compressive strength, and the durability of the cement.
- the mechanical properties are essentially a function of the molecular structure of the geopolymer. These good mechanical properties are particularly necessary when it comes to using geopolymers in road applications or in construction.
- WO 2016/156722 describes a composition for a building material of geopolymer type comprising a matrix based on alumino-silicate, such as a metakaolin, and an alkaline activation solution.
- the activation solution used contains a source of sodium or potassium silicate and an alkaline base, such as NaOH and / or KOH.
- the matrix is mixed with the activation solution extemporaneously.
- the composition thus obtained is in the form of a thick liquid, which is then mixed with one or more neutral compounds such as aggregates or fibers, of which it constitutes the binder.
- This binder makes it possible, after setting reaction, to form with the aggregates a coherent assembly having a short setting time and low dimensional shrinkage.
- Applications FR2958932 and WO2011 / 128526 describe a composite material, resistant to water, based on plant fibers and alkali silicate in aqueous solution.
- the crosslinking and gelation of silicates in solution is obtained by acid treatment, in particular by using triglycerides of fatty acids.
- the product formed is a silicate gel, which is a different material from geopolymers.
- Document JP 2019 006661 describes a curable composition comprising the reaction product of a first kit comprising a particular metakaolin powder, and of a second kit comprising an aqueous solution of alkali metal silicate.
- the composition from the two kits can include esters of carbonic acid and esters of acetic acid, such as triacetin. This document does not disclose compositions comprising fatty acid triglycerides.
- the problem which the invention proposes to solve is to provide new binder compositions endowed with improved mechanical properties.
- Another object of the invention is to provide binder compositions with reduced impact on the environment and on the user.
- Another aim of the invention is to provide binder compositions which are resistant to water and compatible in admixture with any type of filler such as aggregates or fibers.
- the Applicant has surprisingly discovered a new binder composition comprising a particular alkaline activation matrix making it possible to obtain a material endowed with improved mechanical properties. More specifically, the Applicant has demonstrated that this new binder composition makes it possible to obtain a high compressive strength of the final material, compared to the compositions of the prior art.
- the new binder composition also makes it possible to obtain materials endowed with properties comparable to those of the materials of the prior art, but by a process which does not include a heating step. This results in economic and ecological gain.
- the invention relates to a binder composition for a building material comprising at least:
- a matrix comprising at least one compound based on alumino-silicate, such as a metakaolin, and
- said matrix comprises at least fatty acid triglycerides and at least one emulsifying agent.
- the invention also relates to a binder composition for a building material comprising at least:
- a matrix comprising at least one compound based on alumino-silicate, such as a metakaolin, and
- the alkaline activation solution is an aqueous solution comprising at least one alkali metal silicate of formula (nSiC, M2O), M being an alkali metal chosen from sodium, potassium or lithium and n being the molar ratio between S1O2 and M2O.
- the alkali metal silicate is potassium silicate and the molar ratio n is between 1 and 3.9.
- the alkali metal silicate is present in an amount ranging from 5 to 20%, by mass relative to the total mass of the composition.
- the metakaolin is a flash metakaolin obtained by flash calcination of a kaolin clay.
- the metakaolin represents from 5 to 50% by mass relative to the total mass of the composition.
- the die further comprises a blast furnace slag.
- the blast furnace slag represents from 0.1 to 30% by mass relative to the total mass of the composition.
- the fatty acid triglycerides are triglycerides of plant origin, preferably present in the matrix in the form of rapeseed oil.
- the fatty acid triglycerides represent from 0.5 to 10% by mass relative to the total mass of the composition.
- the fatty acid triglycerides represent from 0.5 to 8%, preferably from 0.5 to 6%, more preferably from 1 to 5% by mass relative to the total mass of the composition.
- the emulsifying agent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants comprising at least one compound chosen from amphoteric surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
- the surfactant is chosen from: esters of alkyl monocarboxylic acids and of sorbitan, esters of ethoxylated alkyl monocarboxylic acids and of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. According to a preferred embodiment, the surfactant represents from 0.2 to 15% by mass relative to the total mass of the composition.
- the composition further comprises additives such as fillers, metal oxides and / or fibers.
- the composition further comprises from 0.1 to 70% of one or more iron oxides, by mass relative to the total mass of the composition.
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing a binder composition, as defined above and in detail below, comprising the following steps:
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing a material comprising the following steps:
- the invention also relates to a material or object resulting from the process as defined above and in detail below.
- the invention also relates to the use of the binder composition, or of a material or of an object as defined above and in detail below, in the construction, consolidation, repair and renovation. , in the field of building and roads.
- the expression "between X and Y" includes limits, unless explicitly stated otherwise. This expression therefore means that the target interval includes the values X, Y and all values from X to Y.
- the percentages are expressed in mass of each component, relative to the mass of the overall composition. The percentages correspond to the content of commercial raw material.
- Binder composition according to the invention is a composition according to the invention
- An object of the present invention is a binder composition for a building material comprising at least:
- a matrix comprising at least one compound based on alumino-silicate, such as a metakaolin, and
- the matrix comprising at least fatty acid triglycerides and at least one emulsifying agent.
- the binder composition can also comprise one or more additives, such as, for example, fillers, fibers, metal oxides, plasticizers, thinning agents, setting retarders.
- additives such as, for example, fillers, fibers, metal oxides, plasticizers, thinning agents, setting retarders.
- composition of the invention is intended for an extemporaneous preparation of a building and / or repair material, by mixing the matrix with the alkaline activating solution, and optionally other additives.
- the matrix comprises at least one aluminum-silicate compound, at least triglycerides and at least one emulsifying agent.
- the aluminosilicate compound is metakaolin or a mixture of metakaolin and other materials.
- the matrix can comprise, mixed with metakaolin, a blast furnace slag.
- metakaolin a blast furnace slag.
- Metakaolin a blast furnace slag.
- Metakaolin is a powder with a large specific surface area obtained by calcination-grinding or grinding-calcination of a clay composed mainly of kaolinite.
- Metakaolin consists mainly of amorphous particles of alumina silicate with pozzolanic properties. It is essentially composed of reactive S1O2 and AI2O3. Metakaolin comes in powder form or in the form of a suspension (slurry). There are several methods of obtaining metakaolin resulting in products with different properties.
- the matrix of the binder composition according to the invention comprises a flash metakaolin.
- flash metakaolin also called flashed metakaolin
- This flash calcination method requires much less energy (it uses about 40% of the energy consumed in the traditional method) and a low CO2 emission process. It also brings significant technical advantages to the final product.
- the preparation of the clay before heat treatment is minimal, so its environmental impact is lower.
- the composition of metakaolin flash may be different.
- it can have a variable content of iron oxide, Fe 2 O 3 , which can range from 0 to 5%, by mass relative to the total mass of metakaolin.
- a metakaolin obtained by flash calcination is used in the matrix, containing:
- the metakaolin represents from 5 to 50% by mass relative to the total mass of the binder composition, and preferably from 10 to 40%, even better from 15 to 30%.
- the matrix of the binder composition according to the invention comprises a mixture of flash metakaolin and one or more blast furnace slags.
- Blast furnace slags are glassy materials. They are by-products of the production of smelting resulting from the reduction of iron ores (Hematite Fe 2 C> 3 or Magnetite FesCL) by coke. They are essentially made up of silicate, aluminate and lime and metal oxides.
- a class A blast furnace slag is used with a D50 of between 1 and 15 ⁇ m.
- the D50 is generally measured by sieving.
- the D50 also denoted by Dv50, corresponds to the 50th percentile of the volume distribution of particle size, that is to say that 50% of the particles have a size less than D50 and 50% have a size greater than D50.
- composition of the slag is as follows:
- the blast furnace slag is introduced into the matrix in an amount preferably representing from 0.1 to 15%, by mass relative to the total mass of the binder composition, and advantageously from 3 to 12%.
- the contribution of the blast furnace slag is to increase the reactivity of the mixture and to increase the mechanical strength of the final material. Too much slag causes the mixture to set too quickly. Depending on the other components of the mixture, the expected properties of the material, and the constraints of its preparation, those skilled in the art adjust the possible amount of slag in the binder composition.
- the matrix can also comprise one or more mineral materials commonly used in the construction field.
- the matrix may comprise one or more mineral materials in powder form, in particular materials with a particle size of less than or equal to 200 mhi.
- these materials mention may be made, for example, of fly ash, waste from the manufacture of chamotte, waste from the manufacture of metakaolin, wollastonite, terracotta powder, in particular the terracotta powder from the manufacture of bricks, mineral powders with pozzolanic activity, recycled glass powder, cullet, class C fly ash, slaked lime, residues and by-products from the manufacture of cast iron and steel.
- composition according to the invention can also comprise other powdered materials such as kaolin, raw clay powder, talc, feldspars, montmorillonite, gypsum, plaster, titanium dioxide, carbon dioxide. pyrogenic titanium, basalt, bauxite, fluorosilicates. These materials are known to those skilled in the art and can be added to modify certain basic properties of the binder.
- Triglycerides are esters of fatty acids and glycerol.
- the fatty acids are generally carboxylic acids carried by C8-C30 alkyl or alkenyl chains. They are present in vegetable oils of which they represent nearly 99% of the composition.
- triglycerides present in vegetable oils are used.
- the triglycerides are introduced in the form of a vegetable oil or a mixture of vegetable oils.
- the binder composition comprises triglycerides in the form of rapeseed oil.
- the triglycerides represent from 0.5 to 10%, preferably from 0.5 to 8%, more preferably from 0.5 to 6%, even more advantageously from 1 to 5%, by mass relative to the mass total binder composition.
- the emulsifying agent used in the composition of the invention is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants. It can be of the nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric type or be composed of a mixture of surfactants of the same nature or of a different nature.
- the emulsifying agent comprises at least one surfactant chosen from nonionic and amphoteric surfactants.
- nonionic surfactants which can be used in the invention, there may be mentioned by way of example:
- esters of monocarboxylic acids and of sorbitan in particular esters of sorbitan and of C 6 -C 24 alkyl monocarboxylic acids, in particular esters of sorbitan and of C 12 -C 18 alkyl monocarboxylic acids ;
- esters of ethoxylated alkyl monocarboxylic acids and of sorbitan in particular esters of ethoxylated sorbitan and of C 6 -C 24 alkyl monocarboxylic acids, in particular esters of ethoxylated sorbitan and of C12-C18 alkyl monocarboxylic acids
- esters of alkyl monocarboxylic acids and of isosorbides in particular esters of isosorbides and of C 6 -C 24 alkyl monocarboxylic acids, in particular esters of isosorbides and of C 12 -C alkyl monocarboxylic acids 18 ,
- esters of alkyl monocarboxylic acids and polyols in particular esters of C 3 -C 24 polyols and of C 3 -C 30 alkyl monocarboxylic acids, in particular esters of C 4 -C 20 polyols and of 'C 12 -C 24 alkyl monocarboxylic acids,
- the surfactant is chosen from nonionics, in particular sorbitan esters, in particular partial sorbitan esters, preferably mono-, di- and tri-esters of sorbitan, and of carboxylic acids in C 12 -C 18 , and mixtures thereof.
- the surfactant comprises a mixture of esters of monocarboxylic acids and of sorbitan and of esters of ethoxylated monocarboxylic acids and of sorbitan.
- the surfactant consists, for at least 80% by mass, relative to the total mass of the surfactant, of a mixture of esters of monocarboxylic acids and of sorbitan and of esters of monocarboxylic acids and of ethoxylated sorbitan.
- the surfactant consists of a mixture of esters of monocarboxylic acids and of sorbitan and of esters of ethoxylated monocarboxylic acids and of sorbitan.
- the mixture of surfactants is chosen from mixtures of esters of C 12 -C 18 monocarboxylic acids and of sorbitan and of ethoxylated esters of C 12 -C 18 monocarboxylic acids and of sorbitan.
- the surfactants represent from 0.2 to 15%, by mass relative to the total mass of the binder composition, preferably from 0.5 to 10%.
- the matrix can also comprise one or more additives such as for example small organic molecules, additives improving wettability, plasticizing and superplasticizing compounds, water reducing agents, viscosity modifiers such as cellulose fibers, diutan gums. or xanthan and mixtures thereof, anti-foaming agents, thinning agents as well as adhesion promoters.
- additives such as for example small organic molecules, additives improving wettability, plasticizing and superplasticizing compounds, water reducing agents, viscosity modifiers such as cellulose fibers, diutan gums. or xanthan and mixtures thereof, anti-foaming agents, thinning agents as well as adhesion promoters.
- the matrix comprises at least one compound selected from monoethylene glycol and its derivatives, such as ethers of alcohol and monoethylene glycol, esters of acid and of monoethylene glycol.
- the matrix comprises 0 to 20% by mass of monoethylene glycol, relative to the total mass of the binder composition.
- Monoethylene glycol facilitates wetting of the matrix.
- the matrix further comprises at least one acrylic polymer in emulsion, also known under the name of acrylic latex.
- the matrix comprises from 0 to 20% by mass of at least one acrylic polymer emulsion, relative to the total mass of the binder composition, the concentration of the emulsion being 50% by mass of dry matter relative to the total mass of the emulsion.
- acrylic emulsion improves the consistency and the stability of the binder.
- - superplasticizers such as for example polycarboxylates, in particular polyacrylates;
- water reducers which are adjuvants that reduce the amount of mixing water
- water reducing agents include in particular lignosulfonates, hydroxycarboxylic acids, carbohydrates, glycerol, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alumino-methylsiliconate, sulfanylic acid, casein;
- - setting retarders such as, for example, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium monofluorophosphate
- - adhesion promoters such as, for example, titanates, silanes and their derivatives.
- the binder composition according to the invention comprises at least one alkaline activating solution.
- alkaline activating solution is meant the solution for activating the polymerization reaction of a metakaolin or a mixture of metakaolin and a blast furnace slag.
- the alkaline activating solution comprises a source of alkali silicate of the formula (nSiCk, M2O), M being an alkali metal and n being the molar ratio between SiCk and M2O.
- the pH of the alkaline activation solution is greater than or equal to 10, better still greater than or equal to 12, advantageously it is greater than or equal to 13.
- the alkaline silicate solution advantageously has an M2O: S1O2 molar ratio in the range from 0.5 to 6, preferably from 1 to 5.
- the alkaline activation solution according to the invention is an aqueous solution of alkali silicate in which the silicate represents from 10 to 75% by mass, relative to the total mass of the solution, advantageously from 15 to 60%.
- the alkaline activating solution used in the composition according to the invention is a solution of sodium, potassium or lithium silicate.
- the alkaline activation solution is an aqueous solution of sodium silicate having an SiCk: Na2Ü molar ratio ranging from 1.7 to 3.9 and a percentage by mass of sodium silicate ranging from 40 to 50 % relative to the total mass of the solution.
- the alkaline activation solution is an aqueous solution of potassium silicate having an S1O2: K2O molar ratio ranging from 1 to 3.9 and a percentage by mass of potassium silicate ranging from 40 to 55%.
- This silicate provides the final material with better strength and water impermeability compared to sodium silicate. It has good resistance to heat and acids as well as good storage stability. Compared to sodium silicate, potassium silicate makes it possible to limit the appearance of efflorescence in the final material. It is more widely available and therefore more economical than lithium silicate.
- the alkaline activation solution is an aqueous solution of lithium silicate having an SiC: LLO molar ratio ranging from 2.5 to 5 and a percentage by mass of lithium silicate ranging from 20 to 30%. .
- the alkaline activating solution is a solution of potassium silicate.
- the alkaline activation solution is a potassium silicate solution with an S1O2: K2O molar ratio ranging from 1 to 2.
- the alkali metal silicate is present in the composition according to the invention in an amount ranging from 5 to 20% and preferably from 5 to 15%, by mass relative to the total mass of the composition.
- the amount of alkali metal silicate is expressed as the active ingredient introduced into the composition, the water supplied by the alkali metal silicate solution being accounted for separately. Too much silicate does not provide any additional benefit to the properties of the material, a silicate defect does not allow enough to react with the matrix for the material to solidify, which leads to lower mechanical resistance.
- the binder composition according to the invention advantageously comprises one or more fillers and / or fibers.
- filler is meant, within the meaning of the invention, an inert mineral and / or vegetable compound which can be used alone or as a mixture, with a particle size suitable for the use of the composition.
- the filler can be in the form of powder or aggregates.
- the filler is chosen from phosphates, carbonates, sulphates, slate, clay, limestone, aluminum oxide, granite, sandstone, mica, crystalline forms of silicas and quartz of all types, volcanic rocks, gravel, sands, plant fibers (wood, leaves, stems, etc.), and valued deconstruction materials (concrete ground, brick, cement, etc.), materials expanded minerals such as, for example, expanded clays, in particular in the form of balls, expanded glass, hollow glass.
- the filler is a sand with a particle size of between 200 and 250 mhi.
- the sands depending on their origin, can be used in wet form and preferably have a moisture content of less than 40% by mass.
- reinforcing fibers can be used in the binder composition according to the invention. These fibers can be organic, mineral or metallic fibers (steel fibers) of natural or synthetic origin.
- the fibers are of mineral nature, advantageously based on silica or on metals, such as, for example, silica fibers and tungsten fibers.
- the fibers provide an abundance and cohesion within the material, (like the reinforcement of a reinforced concrete), increase the resistance to cracking, and because of the cohesion of the system, they prevent a clear break under impact.
- the binder composition according to the invention contains glass fibers.
- the glass fiber is cut into strands 1 to 20 mm in length, even better 2 to 10 mm in length.
- the fillers represent from 5 to 70%, preferably from 20 to 60% by mass relative to the total mass of the binder composition.
- the binder composition according to the invention can advantageously comprise one or more metal oxides, in particular iron oxides of natural or synthetic origin. .
- the binder composition according to the invention comprises ferrous oxides (FeO), magnetic oxides or magnetite (Fe 3 0 4 or Fe0.Fe 2 0 3 ), ferric oxides or hematite (Fe 2 C > 3 ) in all its forms, limonite and / or their mixtures.
- the composition according to the invention comprises hematite or magnetite and / or a mixture thereof.
- the binder composition according to the invention can also comprise other iron oxides known to those skilled in the art, such as FeO. OH, Fe2ONa, FeOCl.
- iron oxides used in the composition are available in most minerals from the soil such as, for example, iron ores, clay, micaceous iron oxide, almandine, allophane, carbonate, chamosite. This list, given by way of illustration, is neither exhaustive nor limiting.
- the iron oxides represent from 0.1% to 20%, preferably from 0.1% to 15%, more preferably from 1 to 15% by mass relative to the total mass. of the binder composition.
- This quantity iron oxide represents added iron oxides, and does not include those present in the components of the matrix.
- the Applicant has discovered, surprisingly, that the addition of iron oxide makes it possible to increase the mechanical performance of the binder composition, in particular the compressive strength and the flexural strength.
- the iron oxides represent from 20% to 70%, preferably from 20% to 60%, more preferably from 20 to 50% by mass relative to the total mass of the binder composition.
- This amount of iron oxide represents added iron oxides, and does not include those present in the components of the matrix. In this case, the iron oxides substitute in significant parts for certain components of the matrix, such as fillers.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a binder composition for a construction material comprising at least:
- a matrix comprising at least one compound based on alumino-silicate, such as a metakaolin, and
- the matrix comprising at least fatty acid triglycerides, at least one emulsifying agent and at least one iron oxide, preferably Fe 2 C> 3 hematite and / or FesCL magnetite.
- the binder composition according to the present invention contains water present in the raw materials used, in particular the aqueous solution of alkali silicate and optionally the surfactants.
- Complementary water can be added to the binder composition in order to adjust the flowability of the mixture, which is more or less compact depending on the amount of water provided by the silicate, optionally by the emulsifiers and additives, of the mixture.
- nature and type of filler used but also the quantity of metakaolin, blast furnace slag and fibers, the nature of the powders, in particular their oil uptake.
- the term "quantity of water” means the overall quantity of water resulting from the sum of the quantity of water included in the raw materials and the additional water added to the mixture.
- the water represents from 5 to 25% by mass relative to the total mass of the binder composition according to the invention.
- the present invention also relates to a process for preparing a binder composition comprising:
- the binder composition according to the invention is obtained by mixing components a) and b) according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the preparation process defined above comprises the following steps:
- metal oxides can be added directly to the matrix in step 1 or step 2, or after mixing the matrix with the alkaline activating solution in step 3.
- the mixing of the components is carried out extemporaneously shortly before placing the composition on the place of application.
- the first stage of the process can be carried out in two sub-stages, that is to say a premixing of the metakaolin and optionally of the blast furnace slag (s) initially, then the incorporation of the acid triglycerides. fat, one or more surfactants, and optionally other additives in the premix in a second step.
- the order of addition of the components constituting the binder composition according to the invention that is to say, for example, the constituents of the matrix, the alkaline silicate solution, the additives, in particular the fillers and the fibers, can vary.
- the matrix is prepared by mixing the metakaolin, the fatty acid triglycerides, the surfactant and optionally the blast furnace slag, until homogeneous. as well as other additives.
- the fillers, optionally the metal oxides and the reinforcing fibers are then added.
- the activation solution based on alkali metal silicate, and where appropriate water in an amount allowing the flowability to be adjusted, is then introduced.
- the alkali silicate activating solution can be introduced before or after the other components.
- the activation solution based on alkali metal silicate is introduced last.
- the flowability of the binder of the invention depends on all of the constituents and can be adjusted by introducing more or less of certain components, in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
- the objective is to obtain a composition which can be poured from a mixer to the application zone and which flows under its own weight. Such a composition is generally qualified as a self-smoothing composition.
- the method of making a building material includes making the binder and applying it to a support.
- the support can for example be a mold, a formwork, a floor, a wall, a wall, a riprap.
- a silicone, polystyrene or steel mold for example, one can use a silicone, polystyrene or steel mold, a wooden formwork.
- the binder of the invention can be applied either directly on the construction site or in a factory where it can be cast in the form of bricks, plates or pieces of any other shape.
- the workability of the binder composition is advantageously from 5 minutes to 36 hours. It is adjusted by means of the various additives mentioned above, the proportions of the components, the amount of water and the amount of binder composition produced.
- the material can be covered with a tarpaulin, it is also possible to apply a curing product, in particular based on silicate, on the fresh material if the latter contains a lot of water, in order to avoid three-dimensional shrinkage as well as the risks of embrittlement and cracking of the material.
- the placing of the binder composition is followed by a mold release step when the support is a mold or a formwork.
- the support can be covered in whole or in part by reinforcing elements well known to those skilled in the art such as a steel or glass fiber mesh.
- the binder composition according to the invention can be applied by any means known to those skilled in the art, in particular by casting, molding, spraying, injection, tamping.
- the binder composition according to the invention can be applied at temperatures between 5 and 40 ° C, without requiring heat treatment. The catch occurs in a wide range of ambient temperatures and therefore allows use in various climates. The material exhibits satisfactory mechanical strength after a very short time.
- the invention relates to the binder composition in the form of two separate parts a) and b) before they are mixed.
- a composition can be in the form of a ready-to-use kit, each of the two parts of the composition being packaged in a package which prevents their mixing.
- the binder composition is packaged without the fillers. These are preferably chosen from the materials present at the site of the work site and added before mixing.
- the binder composition according to the invention comprises, or better consists essentially of, by mass relative to the total mass of the composition: a) from 5 to 50% of metakaolin, and optionally of slag and other pulverulent materials ;
- the binder composition according to the invention comprises, or better consists essentially of, by mass relative to the total mass of the composition:
- the binder composition according to the invention comprises, or better consists essentially of, by mass relative to the total mass of the composition:
- g from 0.1 to 20% of at least one iron oxide, in particular hematite or magnetite and / or mixtures thereof.
- the binder composition according to the invention comprises, or better consists essentially of, by mass relative to the total mass of the composition:
- the metakaolin + slag / alkali metal silicate mass ratio ranges from 5: 1 to 1: 2, preferably from 4: 1 to 1: 2.
- the percentages are expressed as the mass of active material relative to the total mass of the composition. Account should be taken, where appropriate, of the dilution of the active ingredient when in diluted form in water.
- the present invention also relates to a building material made from the binder composition described above. More particularly, the invention relates to a building material obtained after setting and hardening of the mixture of the constituents of the composition.
- the binder composition optionally mixed with fillers, and / or fibers, gives after curing a building material which has high mechanical resistance properties, superior to those of materials of the same nature and which do not include triglycerides and surfactants.
- the binder compositions according to the invention have the advantage of being able to be applied in areas known to be difficult for construction, in particular wet areas, for example following floods, irregular and / or heterogeneous soils, for example following landslides. They can be used for new construction or for restoration.
- the compositions of the invention make it possible to obtain a material of high mechanical strength in a very short time.
- the present invention also relates to a shaped object which can be used in the field of construction, comprising a material according to the invention, resulting from the setting of the binder composition.
- the object according to the invention can be manufactured in the form of blocks, impressions, printed tiles, and any other parts which can be transformed by any technique known to those skilled in the art, in particular they can be machined, treated and / or polished.
- the binder composition according to the invention can be shaped to produce, after curing, a shaped object which can be used in the field of construction.
- the invention also relates to such a shaped object.
- the shaped objects that can be used in the construction field are for example, and in a non-exhaustive way, a work of art, a floor, a screed, a foundation, a wall, a partition, a ceiling, a beam, a plan work, a pillar, a bridge pile, a concrete block, a pipeline, a post, a staircase, a panel, a cornice, a mold, a road element, a piece of street furniture, a road, a dike, a landing runway.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the composition according to the invention in the form of a two-component system with, on the one hand, the constituents of the matrix, and on the other hand the alkaline activation solution, for construction, consolidation and renovation, in particular in the field of building and roads.
- the binder compositions according to the invention can be used in the repair and / or consolidation of partially flooded sites as well as in places where natural disasters have occurred, with very short lead times and / or return to use. . They can in particular be used in the manufacture of storage platforms for first-aid materials, airstrips, for example after a climatic disaster.
- the subject of the invention is the reuse of the compositions according to the invention in the field of magnetism and / or electromagnetism, in particular in the production of magnetic and ferromagnetic materials such as permanent magnets or memories (materials for information storage).
- the invention relates to the use for the production of magnetic and ferromagnetic materials of a composition comprising at least:
- a matrix comprising at least one compound based on alumino-silicate, such as a metakaolin, and
- the matrix comprising at least fatty acid triglycerides, at least one emulsifying agent and at least one iron oxide, preferably hematite Fe 2 O 3 , magnetite Fe304 and / or mixtures thereof.
- Metakaolin the metakaolin used is red metakaolin obtained by flash calcination, sold under the name Argicem® or Geoflash® by the company Argeco Développement.
- Aqueous alkali silicate solution a potassium silicate solution sold by the company Woellner under the name GEOSIL 14515 with a K2O: S1O2 molar ratio equal to 1.5 was used.
- the alkali silicate is in aqueous solution, its concentration is expressed in% by mass relative to the total mass of the solution.
- Blast furnace slag two types of blast furnace slag designated "slag 1" and “slag 2" were used. These are respectively the products marketed under the names “ECCkcem” and “EC0 2 cem +” by the company Orcem.
- the slags represent a ratio (CaO + MgO / SiCE) 3 1.2, a D50 of between 4 and 12 mhi and a specific surface area according to the Blaine test of 4450 +/- 250 cm 2 / g.
- the mass composition of the blast furnace slag used is shown below:
- Triacetin the triacetin used is that marketed by the company Sigma Aldrich (CAS No: 102-76-1).
- the first surfactant (surfactant 1) used is an ethoxylated sorbitan trioleate belonging to the family of sorbitan esters marketed by the company CRODA under the name Tween 85®.
- the second surfactant (surfactant 2) used is an unethoxylated sorbitan trioleate also belonging to the family of sorbitan esters marketed by the company CRODA under the name Span 85®.
- Iron oxide the iron oxide used is marketed by the company CMMP (Comptoirs Minerals Raw Materials). It contains 92% Fe 2 0 3 and 2% S1O2. It has an actual density of 5g / cm 3 , an oil absorption of 15ml / 100g, and an D50 of 26.9 lpm.
- Fibers the fiberglass used is a fiberglass cut into strands 4.5 mm in length.
- binder compositions according to the invention were prepared according to the protocol described below:
- the first three steps constitute the preparation of the matrix, the mixing of the components of the matrix could be carried out in a different order without impacting the properties of the material.
- additional water is introduced to improve the flowability of the mixture, this is counted in addition to the other materials and results in a total greater than 100% as shown by the data in Table 4.
- the flowability is noted + , ++, or +++ corresponding respectively to "satisfactory", "good", “very good”.
- Test pieces were prepared in the various molds described above by pouring the composition into the mold and curing at room temperature.
- the SHORE D hardness of the binder compositions according to the invention was measured on cylindrical test pieces according to the technique cited above.
- the analysis of the friability of the binder composition according to the invention is carried out after the specimen has hardened. It consists of checking whether the material easily disintegrates into a powder by applying pressure from the hand. We note - if the test tube is friable, + if it is not.
- the test of resistance to acids of the binder composition according to the invention consists in placing a small rectangular test piece in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid concentrated at 33% for 4 days. The test piece is weighed before and after the test and the loss of material is evaluated. This is expressed as a% mass loss relative to the initial mass.
- Binder compositions were prepared and compared to a control composition. Table 1 below describes these compositions. Compositions I to 9 and 11 to 12 are according to the invention. Compositions 13-16 are comparative. Composition 10 is a control composition where the matrix does not include fatty acid triglycerides or emulsifying agent.
- Table 2 describes the results of the performance tests for each of these compositions.
- compositions of the invention lead, after curing, to materials which exhibit a high Shore hardness and are more resistant to compression and bending.
- composition 6 according to the invention comprising rapeseed oil has a Shore D hardness of 75.6, a compressive strength after 14 days of 32.7 MPa and a flexural strength after 14 days of 6.45 MPa.
- the comparative composition comprising an equivalent amount of triacetin exhibits a Shore D hardness of 68, a 14 day compressive strength of 20.05 MPa and a 14 day flexural strength of 5.66 MPa.
- compositions according to the invention lead to materials which exhibit superior mechanical properties compared to binder compositions comprising triacetin as described by the prior art.
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1907005A FR3097859B1 (fr) | 2019-06-27 | 2019-06-27 | Composition de liant pour matériau de construction |
PCT/FR2020/051085 WO2020260816A1 (fr) | 2019-06-27 | 2020-06-23 | Composition de liant pour materiau de construction |
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CN112913698B (zh) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-08-30 | 江西正合生态农业有限公司 | 一种生猪养殖粪污全量化收储运的方法 |
CN114538818B (zh) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-04-14 | 厦门防水博士新材料有限公司 | 一种混凝土增强剂的制备方法及产品 |
CN115259756B (zh) * | 2022-07-18 | 2023-09-29 | 东南大学 | 一种用于汽车动态感应充电的聚磁型路面材料及制备方法 |
CN115636631A (zh) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-01-24 | 山东高速集团有限公司创新研究院 | 一种地聚物基软磁材料及其制备方法与在检测沥青路面基层裂缝宽度上的应用 |
CN115926710A (zh) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-04-07 | 广州市高士实业有限公司 | 一种亮白胶的制备 |
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FR2958930B1 (fr) | 2010-04-14 | 2014-08-01 | Techme Sarl | Nouveau systeme liant hydraulique a base de silicate alcalin en solution aqueuse |
FR2958932B1 (fr) | 2010-04-14 | 2014-08-22 | Ass Codem Picardie | Procede de preparation d'un materiau composite, resistant a l'eau, a base de fibres vegetales et de silicate alcalin |
FR3034094B1 (fr) | 2015-03-27 | 2020-10-09 | Hoffmann Jb Tech | Composition pour materiau de construction a base de metakaolin, procede de fabrication associe et utilisation pour la realisation d'elements de construction |
JP6971117B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-21 | 2021-11-24 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 硬化性組成物用キット、コンクリート構造物の補修材料及び補修方法 |
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FR3097859A1 (fr) | 2021-01-01 |
FR3097859B1 (fr) | 2023-04-14 |
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