WO2001086690A1 - Tube photomultiplicateur, unite de tube photomultiplicateur et detecteur de rayonnement - Google Patents

Tube photomultiplicateur, unite de tube photomultiplicateur et detecteur de rayonnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001086690A1
WO2001086690A1 PCT/JP2000/002927 JP0002927W WO0186690A1 WO 2001086690 A1 WO2001086690 A1 WO 2001086690A1 JP 0002927 W JP0002927 W JP 0002927W WO 0186690 A1 WO0186690 A1 WO 0186690A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light receiving
receiving surface
plate
light
photomultiplier tube
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2000/002927
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hideki Shimoi
Akira Atsumi
Hiroyuki Kyushima
Original Assignee
Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to JP31919898A priority Critical patent/JP3944322B2/ja
Application filed by Hamamatsu Photonics K. K. filed Critical Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.
Priority to EP00922980A priority patent/EP1304719A4/fr
Priority to PCT/JP2000/002927 priority patent/WO2001086690A1/fr
Priority to US10/275,654 priority patent/US7276704B1/en
Priority to CN00819510.2A priority patent/CN1242449C/zh
Priority to AU2000243183A priority patent/AU2000243183A1/en
Publication of WO2001086690A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001086690A1/fr
Priority to US11/898,028 priority patent/US7495223B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/28—Vessels, e.g. wall of the tube; Windows; Screens; Suppressing undesired discharges or currents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a photomultiplier tube having a configuration in which weak light incident on a light receiving surface plate is detected by electron multiplication, a photomultiplier tube unit in which the photomultiplier tubes are arranged, and a photomultiplier tube. And a radiation detector using juxtaposed photomultiplier tubes.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-290793 describes a photomultiplier tube, and this photomultiplier tube has a configuration in which an electron multiplier is housed in a sealed container.
  • the sealed container has a metal side tube with an upper end in the form of a flange extending inward. This flange is fixed to the upper surface (light receiving surface) of the light receiving surface plate so as to be fused. We are working to secure them. When the flange portion of the side tube was fused to the light receiving face plate, the fusion was performed while heating the side tube.
  • the side pipe 100 has a flange portion 101 provided over the entire periphery at the upper end thereof, and the lower surface 100 of the flange portion 101 is provided.
  • the side tube 100 and the light-receiving surface plate 102 were fused and fixed so that 1 a and the upper surface 102 a of the light-receiving surface plate 102 were in contact with each other.
  • the flange portion 101 projects over the upper surface (light receiving surface) 102 a of the light receiving surface plate 102, and the light receiving surface plate 1 is placed at the upper end of the side tube 100.
  • the light receiving surface 1 0 2a is There is a problem that the effective area of the light receiving face plate 102 is reduced by being narrowed by 01.
  • many photomultiplier tubes are often used side by side. In this case, the effective use area of the light receiving face plate 102 needs to be increased by even 1%. It is not hard to imagine that when many conventional photomultiplier tubes are arranged densely, a considerable dead area is generated. In a radiation detector using such a photomultiplier tube in parallel, it was difficult to improve the performance of the detector itself due to a problem of the photomultiplier tube itself.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and in particular, a photomultiplier tube in which an effective use area of a light-receiving face plate is increased and a fixing region of a side tube in the light-receiving face plate is enlarged.
  • a photomultiplier tube in which an effective use area of a light-receiving face plate is increased and a fixing region of a side tube in the light-receiving face plate is enlarged.
  • Increasing the effective use area of the faceplate while increasing the gain (current multiplication factor) at each electron multiplier in each side tube, the photomultiplier tube unit that facilitates control, and the effective use area of the light-receiving faceplate It is an object of the present invention to provide a radiation detection device in which the performance of the detection device itself is improved based on the enlargement. Disclosure of the invention
  • the photomultiplier according to the present invention has a photocathode which emits electrons by light incident from the light receiving surface of the light receiving face plate, and has an electron multiplier for multiplying the electrons emitted from the photocathode in a sealed container.
  • the sealed container includes a stem plate for fixing the electron multiplier and the anode via a stem pin. It is formed by a metal side tube that surrounds the electron multiplier and the anode, and fixes a stem plate to one open end, and a glass light receiving surface plate that is fixed to the other open end of the side tube.
  • the side surface of the light receiving face plate is projected outwardly with respect to the outer wall surface of the side tube.
  • the side surface of the light-receiving surface plate protrudes outward with respect to the outer wall surface of the metal side tube, and as a result, the light-receiving surface plate projects laterally with respect to the side tube.
  • the area for taking in light from the light receiving surface can be increased.
  • Such an overhanging structure of the light-receiving surface plate focuses on the refractive index of glass, and has been proposed in order to incorporate as much light, which could not be received until now, into the photoelectric surface as possible.
  • the overhanging structure of the light-receiving face plate works extremely effectively.
  • the overhanging structure of the light receiving face plate when the metal side tube is employed is an extremely effective means for expanding the light receiving area and the fixing area at the time of fusion.
  • the thicker the light-receiving surface plate the more effectively the overhanging structure of the light-receiving surface plate works in taking in light.
  • a piercing portion is provided on the upper end side of the side tube, the piercing portion being buried on the photoelectric surface side of the light receiving surface plate.
  • the piercing part provided in the side tube is embedded so as to pierce the glass light-receiving surface plate, contributing to the improvement of the familiarity between the side tube and the light-receiving surface plate, and ensuring high airtightness .
  • the piercing portion provided on the side tube does not extend from the side tube toward the side like the flange portion, but extends so as to stand up from the side tube. When buried as close as possible to the side surface, the effective use area of the light receiving face plate will be increased as much as possible.
  • the tip portion of the piercing portion may be bent inward or outward.
  • the piercing portion has a tip sharpened like a knife edge.
  • the piercing portion In order to fuse and fix the end of the side tube and the light-receiving surface plate, the piercing portion is heated while the piercing portion is in contact with the photoelectric surface side of the light-receiving surface plate, and the piercing portion is formed by heat conduction from the piercing portion.
  • the light receiving surface plate in the contacting portion is melted, and a pressing force is applied to the piercing portion and the light receiving surface plate, so that the piercing portion is embedded on the photoelectric surface side of the light receiving surface plate.
  • a reflection member is provided on a side surface of the light receiving face plate.
  • light incident on the light-receiving surface plate also escaped to the outside from the side surface.However, by reflecting such light with a reflecting member provided on the side surface, the amount of light that could be incident on the photoelectric surface was increased. As a result, the light receiving efficiency of the light receiving surface plate is improved.
  • the shape of the side surface of the light-receiving surface plate may include at least a portion that is substantially parallel to the tube axis direction, or at least a portion that is a curved surface that is outwardly convex. May be included.
  • the side surface of the light receiving surface plate may be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the tube axis direction such that the light receiving surface side area is larger than the light receiving surface side area of the light receiving surface plate.
  • the photomultiplier tube unit of the present invention has a photocathode which emits electrons by light incident from the light receiving surface of the light receiving face plate, and an electron multiplier for multiplying the electrons emitted from the photocathode inside the sealed container.
  • the photomultiplier tube unit in which a plurality of photomultiplier tubes each having an anode for transmitting an output signal based on the electrons multiplied by the electron multiplier section are arranged in parallel, A stem plate for fixing the electron multiplier and the anode via a stem pin, and an electron multiplier.
  • a metal side tube for fixing the stem plate to one open end and a glass light receiving surface plate for fixing to the other open end of the side tube. The side tubes are juxtaposed, the light receiving face plate is integrated, and the side tubes are separated from each other.
  • the light receiving surface plates extend so as to bridge between the adjacent side tubes.
  • the effective use area of the light receiving surface plate is increased.
  • the light-receiving surface plate can be set to the same potential, and the side tubes are separated from each other, facilitating gain (current multiplication factor) control at each electron multiplier.
  • gain current multiplication factor
  • the plurality of side tubes are fixed to one light receiving face plate in a state where they are separated from each other.
  • the light receiving face plate is integrated by one light receiving face plate, and the quality of the light receiving face plate is made uniform, which contributes to the improvement of unit reliability.
  • the side faces of the plurality of light receiving face plates are fixed to each other by making face contact with each other.
  • the side surfaces of the light receiving face plate are fixed via a conductive reflecting member.
  • the conductivity of the light receiving face plates is ensured by the reflection member, and the reflection member
  • the amount of light that can be incident on the photocathode is increased by the reflection of the light, and the efficiency of taking in the light on the light receiving surface plate is improved.
  • the radiation detection device of the present invention includes a scintillator that emits fluorescence by incidence of radiation generated from a subject, and a light-receiving surface plate that is arranged to face the scintillator, and charges based on the fluorescence from the scintillator.
  • a radiation detection apparatus comprising: a plurality of photomultiplier tubes that output light; and a position calculation unit that performs arithmetic processing on the output from the photomultiplier tube and outputs a position information signal of radiation emitted in the subject.
  • the intensifier has a photocathode that emits electrons by light incident from the light receiving surface of the light receiving surface plate, and has an electron multiplier in a sealed container that multiplies the electrons emitted from the photocathode.
  • the sealed container has a stem plate for fixing the electron multiplier and the anode via a stem pin, an electron multiplier and an anode.
  • a metal side tube that surrounds the arm and fixes a stem plate to one open end, and a glass light receiving surface plate that is fixed to the other open end of the side tube, and is formed by a plurality of sides.
  • the tubes are arranged side by side, the light receiving face plate is integrated, and the side tubes are separated from each other.
  • the light receiving surface plates are extended so as to bridge between adjacent side tubes by separating the side tubes while the light receiving surface plates are integrated. .
  • the effective use area of the light receiving face plate is improved.
  • the gain (current multiplication factor) at each electron multiplier can be easily controlled. Is being planned. For example, when the photocathode is used at a negative high voltage, the gain is finely adjusted for each electron multiplier in order to make the gain between the electron multipliers arranged side by side constant. Although it is necessary, this device enables gain control, and as a result, the performance It is intended to top up.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a photomultiplier according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a light receiving surface plate and incident light.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a reflection member is provided on the light receiving face plate.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the light receiving face plate.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing still another embodiment of the light receiving face plate.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing still another embodiment of the light receiving face plate.
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the radiation detecting apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a side view showing the internal structure of the detection unit used in the radiation detection device.
  • FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a photomultiplier tube unit.
  • FIG. 13 is a side view showing a photomultiplier tube unit.
  • FIG. 14 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of FIG.
  • FIG. 15 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of a photomultiplier tube unit using one light receiving face plate.
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the photomultiplier tube unit.
  • FIG. 17 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part showing another embodiment of the photomultiplier tube.
  • FIG. 18 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part showing a conventional photomultiplier tube.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a photomultiplier according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG.
  • the photomultiplier tube 1 shown in these drawings has a substantially square tube-shaped side tube 2 made of metal (eg, Kovar metal or stainless steel).
  • a light-receiving surface plate 3 made of glass is fused and fixed, and on the inner surface of the light-receiving surface plate 3, a photoelectric surface 3a for converting light into electrons is formed, and the photoelectric surface 3a is previously deposited on the light-receiving surface plate 2. It is formed by reacting the antimony with alkali metal vapor.
  • a metal (for example, Kovar metal or stainless steel) stem plate 4 is fixed to the open end B of the side tube 2 by welding.
  • the side tube 2, the light receiving surface plate 3, and the stem plate 4 constitute the sealed container 5, and the sealed container 5 is an ultra-thin type having a height of about 10 mm.
  • a metal exhaust pipe 6 is fixed to the center of the stem plate 4. This exhaust pipe 6 is used to evacuate the inside of the sealed container 5 by a vacuum pump (not shown) after the assembling work of the photomultiplier tube 1 is completed, and to make a vacuum state. It is also used as a tube for introducing the alkali metal vapor into the sealed container 5 at the time of formation.
  • a block-shaped electron multiplier 7 of a block type is provided in the sealed container 5.
  • the electron multiplier 7 is formed by stacking 10 (10-stage) plate-shaped dynodes 8.
  • the electron multiplier 7 is supported in the hermetically sealed container 5 by a Kovar metal stem pin 10 provided so as to penetrate the stem plate 4, and each of the stem pins 10.
  • the tip is connected to each dynode 8 It is pneumatically connected.
  • the stem plate 4 is provided with a pin hole 4a for allowing each stem pin 10 to pass therethrough, and each pin hole 4a is filled with a tablet 11 used as a hermetic seal made of Kovar glass.
  • Each stem pin 10 is fixed to the stem plate 4 via the evening plate 11.
  • the stem pins 10 include a dynode and an anode.
  • the electron multiplier 7 is provided with an anode 12 positioned below the electron multiplier 9 and fixed to the upper end of the stem pin 10 in parallel.
  • a flat focusing electrode plate 13 is disposed between the photocathode 3 a and the electron multiplier 9, and the focusing electrode plate 13 has a slit.
  • a plurality of openings 13a are formed, and each opening 13a is linearly arranged in one direction.
  • a plurality of slit-like electron multiplier holes 8a are formed in the same number as the openings 13a, and each electron multiplier hole 8a is linearly extended in one direction. And a plurality of them are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
  • each electron multiplying path L in which each electron multiplying hole 8a of each dynode 8 is arranged in a stepwise direction corresponds to each opening 13a of the focusing electrode plate 13 in one-to-one correspondence.
  • a plurality of channels are formed in the electron multiplier 7.
  • each anode 12 provided in the electron multiplier 7 is provided with 8 ⁇ 8 so as to correspond to a predetermined number of channels, and by connecting each anode 12 to each stem pin 10, Individual outputs are taken out via each stem pin 10.
  • the electron multiplier 7 has a plurality of linear channels.
  • a predetermined voltage is supplied to the electron multiplier 9 and the anode 12 by a predetermined stem pin 10 connected to a bleeder circuit (not shown), and the photoelectric surface 3a and the focusing electrode plate 13 are set to the same potential.
  • Each of the dynodes 8 and the anodes 12 is set to a high potential in order from the top.
  • the light incident on the light-receiving surface plate 2 is converted into electrons at the photoelectric surface 3a, and the electrons are converted to the first-stage dynode, which is stacked on the top of the focusing electrode plate 13 and the electron multiplier 7. Due to the effect of the electron lens formed by (8), the light enters the predetermined channel.
  • the electrons are multiplied by each dynode 8 while passing through the electron multiplication path L of the dynode 8, and are incident on the anodes 12.
  • Output is sent from each anode 12.
  • the stem plate 4 is inserted from the open end B of the side tube 2 and the lower end of the side tube 2 is inserted.
  • the inner wall surface 2c of 2a is brought into contact with the edge surface 4b of the stem plate 4, and the lower surface 4c of the stem plate 4 and the lower end surface 2d of the side tube 2 are substantially flush with each other.
  • the lower end surface 2 d of the tube 2 should not protrude. Therefore, the lower end 2 a of the outer wall surface 2 b of the side tube 2 extends substantially in the tube axis direction, and at the same time, the protrusion at the lower end of the electron multiplier tube 1 such as a flange is eliminated.
  • the joint portion F is laser-welded by irradiating a laser beam from directly below the outer side or from a direction in which the joint portion F can be aimed at.
  • Such laser welding is an example of the fusion welding method.
  • the side tube 2 is fixed to the stem plate 4 by welding using this fusion welding, unlike the resistance welding, the joining of the side tube 2 and the stem plate 4 is performed. It is not necessary to apply pressure to part F, so joint F No residual stress is generated in the joint, cracks are less likely to occur in the joint even during use, and the durability and hermetic sealing properties are significantly improved.
  • laser welding and electron beam welding can suppress the generation of heat at the joint F smaller than resistance welding. Therefore, when assembling the photomultiplier tube 1, the influence of heat on each component disposed in the sealed container 5 is extremely reduced.
  • the side tube 2 is obtained by pressing a flat plate made of Kovar metal, stainless steel, or the like into a substantially square cylindrical shape having a thickness of about 0.25 mm and a height of about 7 mm.
  • a light-receiving face plate 3 made of glass is fusion-fixed to an opening end A on one side of the tube 2.
  • a piercing portion 20 is provided at a tip (upper end) of the side tube 2 on the light receiving face plate 3 side.
  • the piercing portion 20 is provided over the entire periphery of the upper end of the side tube 2 and is pushed and bent outward through the curved surface portion 20a located on the inner wall surface 2c side. It is formed.
  • the tip 20b of the piercing portion 20 is sharpened like a knife edge. Therefore, the upper end of the side tube 2 is easily pierced into the light receiving surface plate 3, and when the glass light receiving surface plate 3 and the side tube 2 are fused and fixed, the assembling work is improved and the reliability is improved.
  • the metal side tube 2 is placed on a turntable (not shown). Thereafter, the side tube 2 made of metal is heated by a high-frequency heating device. At this time, the light-receiving face plate 3 is kept pressed from above by a pressing jig. Then, the piercing portion 20 of the heated side tube 2 advances while gradually melting the glass light-receiving surface plate 3.
  • the piercing portion 20 of the side tube 2 is buried in the light receiving face plate 3, and high airtightness is secured at the joint between the light receiving face plate 3 and the side tube 2.
  • the piercing portion 20 does not extend sideways from the side tube 2 like a flange portion, but extends so as to stand up from the side tube 2.
  • the side surface 3c of the glass light-receiving surface plate 3 protrudes outward by a predetermined amount from the outer wall surface 2b of the metal side tube 2, so that the light-receiving surface plate 3 An overhang 3A having a protruding amount L is formed, and the area for taking in light from the light receiving surface 3d of the light receiving surface plate 3 is increased.
  • the overhanging structure of the light-receiving surface plate 3 was made by focusing on the refractive index of glass, and was intended to introduce a large amount of light 1 and light 2 that could not be received until now into the photoelectric surface 3a. This is an attempt to make even a little light incident on the photocathode 3a.
  • a protrusion amount L is appropriately selected in relation to the thickness and the material of the light receiving face plate 3.
  • the material of the light receiving face plate 3 includes Kovar glass and quartz glass.
  • the above-described fusion technique is adopted because the materials of the glass and the metal are joined.
  • the overhang 3A of the light-receiving surface plate 3 acts extremely effectively in securing a fusion region during the joining operation between the light-receiving surface plate 3 and the side tube 2.
  • the side surface 3c of the light receiving face plate 3 is less likely to sag during fusion, and the shape of the side surface 3c is reliably maintained.
  • a reflecting member 21 is attached to the side surface 3c of the light receiving face plate 3. It may be provided.
  • the reflecting member 21 is formed by depositing conductive aluminum on the side surface 3c.
  • the reflection member 21 conventionally, light that has entered the light receiving surface plate 3 and escaped from the side surface 3 c to the outside can be reflected by the reflection member 21.
  • the side tube 2 is provided with a piercing portion 2 OA that can be pushed and bent inward.
  • FIG. 7 shows another example of the overhanging structure of the light receiving face plate 3.
  • the side surface 3e of the light receiving surface plate 3 has a curved surface K that is convex outward at the lower end.
  • the reflecting member 22 is fixed to the side surface 3e.
  • FIG. 8 shows still another example of the overhang structure of the light receiving face plate 3.
  • the side surface 3f has a straight cut-off shape. That is, the side surface 3 f of the light receiving surface plate 3 is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the tube axis direction so that the light receiving surface side area is larger than the light receiving surface side area of the light receiving surface plate 3. Then, the reflection member 23 is fixed to the side surface 3 #.
  • FIG. 9 shows another example of the overhanging structure of the light receiving face plate 3.
  • the side surface 3g has a round cutout shape. That is, the entire side surface 3 g is a curved surface that is convex outward. Then, the reflection member 24 is fixed to the side surface 3 g.
  • any of the sides 3e to 3g is appropriate for improving the light intake efficiency.
  • the side surfaces 3c and 3e shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 can be said to be a configuration suitable for the case where the light receiving face plates 3 are closely attached and juxtaposed.
  • the radiation detection device 40 is an example of a gun.
  • a Macade, c the gamma camera 4 0 has been developed as a diagnostic device in nuclear medicine has a detection unit 4 3 had it occurred held by the arm 4 2 extending from the support frame 3 9, the detecting unit Reference numeral 43 denotes an arrangement in which the patient P, which is a subject, is placed just above a bed 41 for allowing the patient P to sleep.
  • a scintillator 46 is accommodated in the housing 44 of the detector 43 so as to face the affected part, and the scintillator 46 is made of glass. It is directly fixed to the photomultiplier tube group G without any light guide.
  • the photomultiplier tube group G is composed of a large number of photomultiplier tubes 1 arranged in a matrix at a high density.
  • the light-receiving surface plate 3 of each photomultiplier tube 1 is directed downward so that the scintillator tubes 46 face-to-face so that the fluorescent light emitted from the scintillator tubes 46 is directly incident.
  • the light receiving face plate 3 is made as thick as the conventional light guide, thereby eliminating the need for the conventional light guide.
  • a position calculation unit 49 for performing calculation processing based on the output charge from each photomultiplier tube 1 is provided. From the position calculation unit 49, a display (not shown) is provided. X) X, Y and Z signals are output to achieve the above 3D monitor. As described above, the gamma ray generated from the affected part of the patient P is converted into predetermined fluorescence by the scintillator 46, and this fluorescence energy is converted into electric charge by each photomultiplier tube 1, and the position calculation unit 49 By outputting it as a position information signal to the outside, it is possible to monitor the energy distribution of radiation and use it for diagnosis on the screen.
  • the gamma camera 40 was briefly described as an example of a radiation detection device.
  • a radiation detection device used for nuclear medicine diagnosis is a positive CT (commonly known as PET).
  • PET commonly known as PET
  • the multiplier 1 is used.
  • this photomultiplier tube group G includes a photomultiplier tube 1 having the same configuration as the matrix.
  • the photomultiplier tube group G includes, as shown in FIG. 12, a photomultiplier tube unit S composed of four (2 ⁇ 2) photomultiplier tubes 1 as shown in FIG. Is used. In the unit S, such an arrangement of the photomultiplier tubes 1 is an example.
  • a resin or ceramic substrate 50 is provided with a photomultiplier of the same shape.
  • the tubes 1 are arranged in 2 ⁇ 2 rows, the side surfaces 3 c of four adjacent light receiving face plates 3 are brought into close contact with each other, and the outer wall surfaces 2 b of the adjacent side tubes 2 are separated from each other.
  • the light receiving face plates 3 are fixed to each other via an adhesive, the light receiving face plates 3 can be easily and reliably fixed to each other.
  • the gain is finely adjusted for each electron multiplier 9 in order to make the gain between the four electron multipliers 9 uniform.
  • the unit S mentioned above enables this gain control.
  • the side surfaces 3 c of the adjacent light receiving face plates 3 are fixed to each other via a reflecting member 21 such as aluminum, Mg ⁇ or Teflon tape. It may be.
  • the amount of light that can be incident on the photocathode 3a is increased by the reflection of the light by the reflection member 21, thereby improving the light taking-in efficiency of the light-receiving surface plate.
  • 25 side tubes 2 are arranged in a matrix on one light receiving surface plate 3S. , 25 It is also possible to configure five sealed containers 5.
  • one photodetector plate 3S is shared, and as many as 25 photomultiplier tubes 1 are formed.Therefore, the photodetector plate 3S is placed at a desired position between the adjacent side tubes 2.
  • a unit composed of an arbitrary number of photomultiplier tubes 1 can be easily produced as required.
  • Such a large unit S 1 is suitable for mass-producing the photomultiplier tube 1.
  • a large number of photomultiplier tubes 1 may be configured on one light receiving surface plate 3S, and the photomultiplier tubes 1 may be cut out one by one and used as needed.
  • an outwardly extending flange portion 60a is provided at the upper end of the side tube 60, and an upper surface 60c of the flange portion 60a is provided.
  • the light receiving face plate 3 may be fused and fixed. In this case, the side surface 3c of the light receiving surface plate 3 should protrude outward with respect to the outer wall surface 60b of the side tube 60. become.
  • the shape of the light receiving face plate 3 is not limited to a square, but may be a polygon such as a rectangle or a hexagon. Industrial applicability
  • the photomultiplier tube, the photomultiplier tube unit and the radiation detection device according to the present invention are widely used in an imaging device in a low illuminance region, for example, a gamma camera.

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  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un tube photomultiplicateur servant à agrandir une zone de fixation d'une dérivation dans une plaque recevant la lumière, tout en augmentant une zone d'utilisation efficace de cette plaque recevant la lumière. L'invention concerne également une unité de tube photomultiplicateur, et un détecteur de rayonnement amélioré. Le tube photomultiplicateur susmentionné possède une surface latérale (3c) d'une plaque (3) recevant la lumière collée vers l'extérieur d'une paroi extérieure (2b) d'une dérivation métallique (2) afin de permettre que la plaque (3) recevant la lumière soit en saillie latéralement au-delà de la dérivation (2), agrandissant ainsi une zone capturant la lumière d'une surface (3d) recevant la lumière de la plaque (3) recevant la lumière. Cette structure en saillie de la plaque (3) recevant la lumière est réalisée sur la base d'un indice de réfraction du verre et est conçue pour capturer autant que possible, la lumière qui n'a pas encore pu être reçue sur la surface photoélectrique (3a). En outre, lors de l'utilisation d'une technique de fusion pour unir le verre au métal dans la fixation de la dérivation métallique (2) et de la plaque (3) recevant la lumière, la structure en saillie de la plaque (3) recevant la lumière est très efficace pour soutenir une fiabilité dans l'union de la plaque (3) et de la dérivation (2).
PCT/JP2000/002927 1998-11-10 2000-05-08 Tube photomultiplicateur, unite de tube photomultiplicateur et detecteur de rayonnement WO2001086690A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31919898A JP3944322B2 (ja) 1998-11-10 1998-11-10 光電子増倍管、光電子増倍管ユニット及び放射線検出装置
EP00922980A EP1304719A4 (fr) 1998-11-10 2000-05-08 Tube photomultiplicateur, unite de tube photomultiplicateur et detecteur de rayonnement
PCT/JP2000/002927 WO2001086690A1 (fr) 1998-11-10 2000-05-08 Tube photomultiplicateur, unite de tube photomultiplicateur et detecteur de rayonnement
US10/275,654 US7276704B1 (en) 2000-05-08 2000-05-08 Photomultiplier tube, photomultiplier tube unit, and radiation detector
CN00819510.2A CN1242449C (zh) 2000-05-08 2000-05-08 光电倍增管、光电倍增管单元及放射线检测装置
AU2000243183A AU2000243183A1 (en) 2000-05-08 2000-05-08 Photomultiplier tube, photomultiplier tube unit, and radiation detector
US11/898,028 US7495223B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2007-09-07 Photomultiplier tube, photomultiplier tube unit, and radiation detector

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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JP31919898A JP3944322B2 (ja) 1998-11-10 1998-11-10 光電子増倍管、光電子増倍管ユニット及び放射線検出装置
PCT/JP2000/002927 WO2001086690A1 (fr) 1998-11-10 2000-05-08 Tube photomultiplicateur, unite de tube photomultiplicateur et detecteur de rayonnement

Related Child Applications (2)

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US10/275,654 A-371-Of-International US7276704B1 (en) 2000-05-08 2000-05-08 Photomultiplier tube, photomultiplier tube unit, and radiation detector
US11/898,028 Continuation US7495223B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2007-09-07 Photomultiplier tube, photomultiplier tube unit, and radiation detector

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JP3944322B2 (ja) * 1998-11-10 2007-07-11 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管、光電子増倍管ユニット及び放射線検出装置
JP4237308B2 (ja) 1998-11-10 2009-03-11 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管
JP4132305B2 (ja) * 1998-11-10 2008-08-13 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管及びその製造方法
CN1242449C (zh) 2000-05-08 2006-02-15 滨松光子学株式会社 光电倍增管、光电倍增管单元及放射线检测装置
US7141926B2 (en) * 2004-08-10 2006-11-28 Burle Technologies, Inc. Photomultiplier tube with improved light collection

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EP0565247A1 (fr) 1992-04-09 1993-10-13 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Tube photomultiplicateur à paroi latérale métallique
US5864207A (en) * 1996-06-19 1999-01-26 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photomultiplier with lens element
JPH11345587A (ja) * 1998-06-01 1999-12-14 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 光電子増倍管及び放射線検出装置
JP2000149861A (ja) * 1998-11-10 2000-05-30 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 光電子増倍管、光電子増倍管ユニット及び放射線検出装置

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JPH06103959A (ja) * 1992-09-21 1994-04-15 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 光電子増倍管の集合装置
JP4132305B2 (ja) * 1998-11-10 2008-08-13 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管及びその製造方法
JP3919363B2 (ja) * 1998-11-10 2007-05-23 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管、光電子増倍管ユニット及び放射線検出装置

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EP0565247A1 (fr) 1992-04-09 1993-10-13 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Tube photomultiplicateur à paroi latérale métallique
US5864207A (en) * 1996-06-19 1999-01-26 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photomultiplier with lens element
JPH11345587A (ja) * 1998-06-01 1999-12-14 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 光電子増倍管及び放射線検出装置
JP2000149861A (ja) * 1998-11-10 2000-05-30 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 光電子増倍管、光電子増倍管ユニット及び放射線検出装置

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EP1304719A1 (fr) 2003-04-23
EP1304719A4 (fr) 2007-02-14
JP3944322B2 (ja) 2007-07-11

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