WO2001086206A1 - Procede pour eliminer les depots dans des chambres de combustion d'installations thermiques pendant le fonctionnement courant - Google Patents

Procede pour eliminer les depots dans des chambres de combustion d'installations thermiques pendant le fonctionnement courant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001086206A1
WO2001086206A1 PCT/DE2001/001623 DE0101623W WO0186206A1 WO 2001086206 A1 WO2001086206 A1 WO 2001086206A1 DE 0101623 W DE0101623 W DE 0101623W WO 0186206 A1 WO0186206 A1 WO 0186206A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
insulation
layer
evaporation
high speed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2001/001623
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erik Riedel
Klaus Poppe
Werner Hammerschmidt
Winfried Wilke
Original Assignee
Erik Riedel
Klaus Poppe
Werner Hammerschmidt
Winfried Wilke
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Erik Riedel, Klaus Poppe, Werner Hammerschmidt, Winfried Wilke filed Critical Erik Riedel
Priority to AU62053/01A priority Critical patent/AU6205301A/en
Publication of WO2001086206A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001086206A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D25/00—Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag
    • F27D25/008—Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag using fluids or gases, e.g. blowers, suction units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • F23J3/02—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G13/00—Appliances or processes not covered by groups F28G1/00 - F28G11/00; Combinations of appliances or processes covered by groups F28G1/00 - F28G11/00

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for removing deposits or buildup in plants which are operated with gaseous, liquid or solid fuels and in which thermal energy is released.
  • these systems are referred to as thermal energy systems.
  • thermal energy systems are, for example, boilers in power plants, boilers in heating plants, waste incineration plants, ovens, coal gasifiers, wood gasifiers, steel converters or reactors.
  • deposits or buildup e.g. ashes, slag, soot
  • construction components e.g. heat exchangers, boiler walls, pipe elbows, return chutes, ash funnels
  • deposits or buildup on the one hand deteriorate the heat transfer from the combustion site to the carrier medium of the heat to be dissipated in such a way that the efficiency of the thermal energy conversion drops after a relatively short operating time.
  • deposits can lead to the flow and pressure conditions for which the thermal energy system is designed being drastically deteriorated and the system's operability thus being restricted or no longer existing. For these reasons, the deposits must be removed at regular intervals. At the moment this is essentially done by a very labor-intensive and time-consuming manual cleaning during a multi-week shutdown of the system. This effort can be significantly reduced if hot deposits can be removed by liquid injection while the system is running or while the system is cooling down.
  • soot and ash deposits can be removed in boilers by means of so-called soot, steam or water blowers while the system is running.
  • soot, steam or water blowers The basic idea of these processes is to “blow off” or “rinse” the deposits off the boiler internals by the external impulse effect of compressed air, steam or water jets.
  • This process is characterized by the fact that the blowing medium has to travel a long distance, typically several meters, in the combustion chamber of the plant before it hits the ash or soot deposit.
  • these blowing processes are not suitable for effectively removing solid deposits (e.g.
  • DE 19852217 describes a method with which deposits in thermal energy systems can in principle also be removed during operation. With electrical high-power pulses, this method uses a completely different physical principle than the invention and requires an electrical high-voltage source.
  • DE 19723389 describes a method with which the interior of a fired boiler system on the flue gas side is cleaned by irradiation with solid particles. This process uses the abrasive effect of solids. The method has the disadvantage that the structural components of the thermal energy systems can be damaged by the abrasive effect and waste materials remain which have to be removed from the combustion chamber with a high level of technical complexity.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method by means of which deposits in thermal energy systems of construction components can be removed by means of liquids while the system is running.
  • the object of the invention and solution to this problem is a method in which a liquid hits the surface of the hot deposit in a targeted manner with a high flow velocity, in particular during the ongoing operation of a thermal energy system, by means of a preferably automatic manipulator system and via material inhomogeneities in the material composite of the deposits is injected.
  • a liquid hits the surface of the hot deposit in a targeted manner with a high flow velocity, in particular during the ongoing operation of a thermal energy system, by means of a preferably automatic manipulator system and via material inhomogeneities in the material composite of the deposits is injected.
  • there can be existing inhomogeneities in the deposition surface for example cracks or cavities.
  • the abrasive effect of rapid liquid flows known from the art of water jet cutting can produce the material inhomogeneity in the deposition surface, so that liquid can be injected into the material composite.
  • the liquid then evaporates spontaneously with an extreme increase in volume, the inflowing liquid also preventing the steam from escaping through the material inhomogeneity and thus acting as insulation known from blasting technology.
  • high mechanical tensile stresses are generated in the deposit, which destroy the material composite of the deposit with a relatively low energy input and thus remove the deposit from the structural components of the thermal energy systems.
  • the liquid can only penetrate into the deposit if it hits the surface of the deposit with a sufficiently high momentum. Since the impulse physically represents the mass / velocity product of the liquid mass particles, the mass particles must have a sufficiently high impact speed on the surface of the deposit and a sufficiently high concentration on a small surface segment of the deposit.
  • the mass particles of the liquid can be accelerated to the required speed using two physically different effective principles:
  • a volume of liquid is pressurized and flows through a nozzle into the free atmosphere.
  • the liquid mass particles are accelerated to a high speed.
  • a continuous high-speed liquid jet can be generated by means of a larger pressure accumulator and a valve.
  • a partial liquid volume can also be displaced by means of volume displacement, e.g. B. by a piston or an expanding gas volume in front of the nozzle under the required pressure, so that a discontinuous high-speed jet is created.
  • a partial liquid volume is accelerated to the required speed in a hollow profile that is open on one side and closed on the circumference, preferably in a tube. This can be accomplished by means of volume displacement, for example by an explosively expanding gas volume or by a piston, by means of acceleration by an electric field or by means of acceleration by a magnetic field.
  • substances or mixtures of substances in the solid state can be injected into the deposits as ice by means of high impulses.
  • the solid material acts as a projectile.
  • water, alcohols or carbon dioxide can be used.
  • these substances quickly take on the gaseous state of matter, so that the extreme increase in volume creates the tensions in the composite material of the deposits that are necessary to remove deposits.
  • These solid substances can in a circumferentially closed hollow profile, for. B. a pipe can be accelerated to the required speed. This can be accomplished by means of volume displacement, for example by an explosively expanding gas volume or by a piston, by means of acceleration by an electric field or by means of acceleration by a magnetic field.
  • the liquid stream is focused on a small surface segment of the deposition surface by means of a nozzle with a suitable geometry. 2. By means of a suitable spatial arrangement of several nozzles, several liquid flows are focused simultaneously on a small surface segment of the deposition surface.
  • the liquid flow or a substance in the solid state of aggregation is directed onto the deposition surface by means of a hollow profile.
  • Imaging systems are preferred for this on-line process control.
  • the injection device and the manipulator system in the thermal energy system are supplied with the required amount of liquid, with energy and with signals from outside by means of a supply device.
  • all of the devices mentioned must function reliably under extremely adverse environmental conditions in the combustion chamber of a thermal energy system in operation.
  • the most important influences include the high temperature, the corrosive components of the atmosphere and the abrasive particles in the atmospheric flow within the thermal energy system. Consequently, the entire device for liquid injection with the manipulator system and the supply device for liquid, energy and signals must be isolated from the damaging influences.
  • the solution to this problem is protective insulation, which is based on the principle of evaporation and envelops the devices to be protected on all sides.
  • a temperature is established on the inside of the insulation which corresponds to the temperature of the continuously supplied coolant.
  • Water is preferably used as the cooling liquid.
  • the cooling liquid evaporates on the outside of the insulation, thereby extracting heat from the insulation and also generating a continuous steam flow that flows away from the insulation. This keeps corrosive atmospheric components and most abrasive particles away from the insulation.
  • the area-specific volume flow of the cooling liquid that emerges from the insulation is increased in such a way that on the outside of the insulation forms a liquid film.
  • This film slows down the particles and thus reinforces the protective effect of the insulation against abrasive particles.
  • the insulation reliably protects the isolated components of the positioning systems, the supply device and the injection device from the adverse environmental conditions in the thermal energy system, so that they can be operated, for example, under the standard design conditions of the standard commercial components used.
  • the insulation consists of five layers, which together create the insulation effect in the combustion zone of thermal energy systems.
  • a single device can take over the function of several layers.
  • the insulation consists of the inner boundary layer, the water distribution layer, the throttle layer, the evaporation layer and the outer boundary layer, when viewed from the isolated space.
  • the layers can be described as follows:
  • the inner boundary layer seals the insulation from the insulated interior and consists of a liquid-tight material. It protects the inside of the insulation from the effects of the cooling water and adopts its temperature. This layer also serves to mechanically stabilize the insulation system. Depending on the application, different materials are available for the inner boundary layer:
  • the inner boundary layer preferably consists of a metal sheet.
  • the inner boundary layer preferably consists of foils which are good heat conductors for better temperature compensation.
  • the water distribution layer consists of a gap which is delimited on the one hand by the inner delimitation layer and on the other hand by the throttle layer. This layer is used to evenly distribute the cooling water over the entire insulation surface. The cooling water is pumped into this layer from outside with the necessary pressure.
  • the throttling layer consists of a liquid-tight material and is characterized in that it ensures a uniform metering of the cooling water by means of a suitable perforation over the entire surface of the insulation.
  • This throttling layer there is a location-dependent pressure loss which ensures that a uniform cooling water volume flow independent of the position of the cooling water feed enters the evaporation zone.
  • This layer also serves to mechanically stabilize the insulation. Depending on the application, it is designed differently:
  • the throttle layer preferably consists of a perforated metal sheet or a rigid permeable membrane.
  • the throttle layer preferably consists of perforated foils, permeable membranes or of fabrics.
  • the evaporation layer consists of temperature-resistant, highly porous material, which is characterized on the one hand by its absorbency and on the other hand by its specific surface.
  • the absorbency determines the even distribution of the cooling water in the evaporation layer and thus ensures the even evaporation of the cooling water over the insulation surface.
  • the specific surface of the porous material ensures that the cooling liquid evaporation takes place as surface evaporation and protects the material.
  • the evaporation layer can be designed as a bed of small ceramic, glass, metallic or mineral bodies or as a fleece. Fibers made of glass, metal, carbon, minerals or ceramics can serve as the base material of the tile.
  • the outer boundary layer consists of thermally conductive material and represents the mechanical protection of the layers below from damage caused by external influences. This layer dissipates the heat when it comes into contact with the deposits and thus prevents damaging temperature increases. This layer also stabilizes the porous evaporation layer. Depending on the application, it is designed differently:
  • the outer boundary layer preferably consists of a perforated metal sheet.
  • the outer boundary layer preferably consists of fabrics or nets, for example of metal, carbon fibers, mineral fibers or ceramic fibers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant d'éliminer des dépôts ou des adhérences dans des installations d'énergie thermique pendant le fonctionnement courant ou pendant la phase de refroidissement, inhérents à des tensions mécaniques destructives dans l'appareil du matériau des dépôts ou des adhérences. Les tensions mécaniques sont dues à l'augmentation de volume de liquides en évaporation.
PCT/DE2001/001623 2000-05-08 2001-04-27 Procede pour eliminer les depots dans des chambres de combustion d'installations thermiques pendant le fonctionnement courant WO2001086206A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU62053/01A AU6205301A (en) 2000-05-08 2001-04-27 Method for removing deposits in combustion chambers of thermal installations during operation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10022351.6 2000-05-08
DE2000122351 DE10022351A1 (de) 2000-05-08 2000-05-08 Verfahren zur Ablagerungsbeseitigung in Brennräumen thermischer Anlagen während des laufenden Betriebs

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001086206A1 true WO2001086206A1 (fr) 2001-11-15

Family

ID=7641176

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2001/001623 WO2001086206A1 (fr) 2000-05-08 2001-04-27 Procede pour eliminer les depots dans des chambres de combustion d'installations thermiques pendant le fonctionnement courant

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6205301A (fr)
DE (1) DE10022351A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001086206A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2394760A (en) * 1944-03-01 1946-02-12 Ora E Felton Slag cleaning tool
US2825923A (en) * 1952-02-21 1958-03-11 Diamond Power Speciality Control system for soot blowers of the puff type
WO1996038704A1 (fr) * 1995-05-30 1996-12-05 Clyde Bergemann Gmbh Souffleur a eau a lance raccourcie
EP0874196A2 (fr) * 1997-04-24 1998-10-28 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Procédé et dispositif pour enlever les dépots dans des buses ou des tubes d'amenée dans les installations de combustion

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3782336A (en) * 1971-10-21 1974-01-01 Diamond Power Speciality Method and apparatus for cleaning heated surfaces

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2394760A (en) * 1944-03-01 1946-02-12 Ora E Felton Slag cleaning tool
US2825923A (en) * 1952-02-21 1958-03-11 Diamond Power Speciality Control system for soot blowers of the puff type
WO1996038704A1 (fr) * 1995-05-30 1996-12-05 Clyde Bergemann Gmbh Souffleur a eau a lance raccourcie
EP0874196A2 (fr) * 1997-04-24 1998-10-28 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Procédé et dispositif pour enlever les dépots dans des buses ou des tubes d'amenée dans les installations de combustion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6205301A (en) 2001-11-20
DE10022351A1 (de) 2001-11-29

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