Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
  • C06B23/04—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for cooling the explosion gases including antifouling and flash suppressing agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
  • C06B23/02—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for neutralising poisonous gases from explosives produced during blasting
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
  • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
  • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

• the invention relates to applied chemistry, more specifically to the generation of gases of low temperature for various purposes.
• the weight and size of the system for providing the gas for power generation is also an important consideration.
• gas generating processes based on the decomposition or burning of chemical propellants and other compositions are frequently being used for a number of purposes. It is known that gas for inflation can be generated by decomposition or burning of solid materials, such as azides. However, these materials have the disadvantage that they generate a very hot gas, which is often unwanted, because of the hazards thereof to the environment or the object to be inflated.
• a system for generating a gas which system is reliable, does not require maintenance, and which can be used in isolated situations, without the need for external supervision. Further, such a system should be generating gas of a relatively low temperature, which is preferably not harmful to the environment.
• the present invention is based on the use of a generator of cold gas by using the endothermal decomposition of a product made of gas penetrable solid material.
• the invention accordingly provides for a process for generating a gas, comprising providing a gas having a temperature of at most 100°C, by using the endothermal decomposition of a product made of gas penetrable solid material.
• the hot gas generated by the burning of a solid material passes through the porous material.
• the heat of decomposition needed is given off by the hot gas, which cools as a consequence thereof.
• the cooling can be effected by an endothermal reaction, or of a phase transition of the solid porous material.
• phase transition are melting, evaporation and sublimation.
• the present invention can be used especially for all kinds of systems, that are carried out at difficult locations, such as in unpopulated areas, on sea or under the water, for rescue and salvage operations, and the like.
• Examples thereof are the provision of a specific gas or a gas of a specific temperature for blanketing or passivation purposes. This includes producing gases for welding, like aluminium or spot welding. The provision of lasergas, using hydrogen or deuterium, is also a possibility. Also for removing (flushing) unwanted gases, such as in gasoline or kerosene tanks, one may use the invention. Further embodiments include the cooling or heating of materials, by flushing them with the gas generated in accordance with the invention. Examples the heating of materials in extremely cold regions, for example in polar expeditions. Other embodiments of the invention include the generation of a specific gas or gas mixture for certain purposes. Examples of these gases are hydrogen, deuterium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and the like. Some of the uses thereof have already been indicated here above, but others are the provision of oxygen in emergency oxygen masks in planes, shuttles and helicopters, generally in aerospace applications.
• a method of generating cold gases specifically nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide or a gas-mixture containing at least one of these gases, is used, which method is based on the decomposition of a product made of gas penetrable solid material.
• the gas penetratable solid material comprises a nitrogen (or other gas) source and a heat absorbing mixture, whereby the gaseous reaction products are cooled by passing the hot gases through the said porous body of the product in the moving direction of the reaction front.
• the hot gases heat the porous body to a temperature necessary to support the endothermic chemical reaction taking place.
• the heating of the porous body is necessary to enable the main reaction.
• the decomposition of the cooling agent is also an endothermic chemical reaction.
• the type of gas generating material can be freely selected among the suitable propellant or other gas generating materials.
• the gas to be generated will be nitrogen, but it is also possible to use oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide or a suitable mixture containing one or more of these gases.
• the high temperature burning gases are passed through the layer of the cooling agent or the heat exchanger and the temperature of the gases decreases as a result of the endothermal decomposition process of, or heat absorption by the cooling agent.
• the degree of cooling of the generated gas depends on the nature of the cooling agent, the mass of the cooling agent, which can sometimes exceeds the mass of the gas-generating composition. Generally the gas is cooled to a temperature below 100°C, but a value within the range of 25 to 75°C is preferred.
• the decomposition reaction generally results in Na and the gas.
• the formed gas is blown off and the slag remains.
• This slag comprises of the remains of cementing agent and cooling agent and metallic sodium. Under these conditions of gas generation the highly chemically reactive sodium is thus generated.
• This highly reactive material will accumulate in the condensed burning products and thus provides a potential hazard for persons involved. When moisture is present this can result in vigorous and dangerous reactions taking place in combination with the generation of the highly flammable and explosive hydrogen.
• this problem can easily be overcome by the use of a gas generator comprising a first body, comprising means for the generation of gas, and a second body, comprising means for the generation of a neutralisation agent, wherein means are present for contacting the neutralisation agent with the reaction products formed in the generation of gas in the first body, and wherein means are present for operating the means in the second body at a temporal and/or spatial interval with the means in the first body.
• the principle encompasses two gas generators in one housing.
• a first gas generator with the primary task of generating gas of low temperature
• a second gas generator with the primary task of generating neutralising compounds for the slag obtained from the first gas generator.
• the first gas generator contains a composition from which gas of low temperature can be obtained by the decomposition of a gas generating composition in the form of a gas penetrable solid material wherein the generated gaseous products are passed through the porous body in the moving direction of the reaction front.
• the second gas generator (the neutraliser) is another composition, comprising a gas generating composition together with an effective neutraliser compound, for instance sulphur.
• an effective neutraliser compound for instance sulphur.
• gas and vaporised sulphur is generated at a time and space interval with the first gas generator.
• the gas and vaporised sulphur is generated at a rate and a manner that the effective neutralisation of slag is accomplished and the vaporised sulphur is not emitted.
• the vaporised sulphur reacts with the reaction products from the first gas generator such that the products are effectively neutralised.
• the first and second gas generator do not have to be physically separated from each other. In embodiments of the invention they can be placed in any position relative to each other, as long as the vaporised neutraliser of the second generator can come into contact with the slag from the first generator.
• the neutralisation takes place behind the reaction front of the decomposition reaction of the first gas generator.
• the spatial interval between the said reaction front of the first gas generator and production of the neutralising agent in the second gas generator is such that the reaction products of high temperature from the first gas generator stay behind, while the nitrogen gas is blown off.
• the neutralisation front lags behind the decomposition front and neutralises the said reaction products remaining behind.
• the rate at which the gas generating composition decomposes is different from the decomposition rate of the neutraliser charge.
• the decomposition of the gas generating composition and the neutraliser are started simultaneously.
• Metallic slag is formed, followed by the generation of vaporous neutraliser in the second generator, which neutralises the slag.
• the moment at which the neutraliser is activated lies later than the moment of activation of the gas generator.
• the activation, or ignition, of the two bodies can be done by any suitable means known in the art.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8171450

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Citations (11)

• 2000
  • 2000-05-02 EP EP00201612A patent/EP1151978A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2001
  • 2001-05-02 WO PCT/NL2001/000331 patent/WO2001083402A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2001-05-02 AU AU2001255100A patent/AU2001255100A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (11)

Non-Patent Citations (7)

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