WO2001078173A1

WO2001078173A1 - Method for manufacturing solid polymer type fuel cell and method for manufacturing gas diffusion electrode therefore

Info

Publication number: WO2001078173A1
Application number: PCT/JP2001/002780
Authority: WO
Inventors: Toshihiro Tanuma
Original assignee: Asahi Glass Company, Limited
Priority date: 2000-04-05
Filing date: 2001-03-30
Publication date: 2001-10-18

Abstract

A method for manufacturing a gas diffusion electrode, which comprises contacting a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin with a catalyst in a solvent capable of dissolving the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, removing the solvent to provide a solid, dispersing the solid in a dispersion medium such as a saturated hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon or a fluorine-containing ether, and forming a catalyst layer from the resulting dispersion; a method for manufacturing a solid polymer type fuel cell, which comprises arranging a gas diffusion electrode manufactured by the above method on at least one side of a polymer electrolyte film, and jointing the electrode and the electrolyte film. A solid polymer type fuel cell manufactured by the method has excellent initial output characteristics and also can maintain a high level output for a long period of time.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a polymer electrolyte fuel cell and a method for manufacturing a gas diffusion electrode therefor.

The present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, particularly to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having excellent initial activity and capable of obtaining a stable output for a long period of time, and a method for producing a gas diffusion electrode therefor. Background art

A fuel cell is a battery that directly converts the reaction energy of a gas serving as fuel into electric energy. Among them, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell has the characteristic that its reaction product is in principle only water. Have. Among the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, polymer electrolyte fuel cells that use ion exchange membranes as electrolyte membranes can operate at room temperature and provide high power density. Along with the increasing social demands, polymer electrolyte fuel cells, which are expected to be used as power sources for electric vehicles and stationary power sources, usually use proton-conducting ion exchange membranes as electrolyte membranes. An ion exchange membrane made of a perfluorocarbon polymer having a sulfonic acid group (hereinafter referred to as a sulfonic acid type perfluorocarbon polymer) has excellent basic characteristics. In polymer electrolyte fuel cells, gas diffusion electrodes are formed on both sides of this ion exchange membrane, and power is generated by supplying a gas containing hydrogen, which is the fuel, to the anode, and oxygen and air, which are the oxidizing agents, to the power source. In order to obtain a high output, the catalyst contained in the catalyst layer of the gas diffusion electrode usually has a high loading ratio of a platinum-based noble metal catalyst or platinum alloy catalyst on a conductive carbon black carrier with a large specific surface area. And used with good dispersibility. In the reaction at the electrode layer (catalyst layer), the electrolyte, the catalyst, and the fuel gas (hydrogen or oxygen) are simultaneously present. In polymer electrolyte fuel cells, ion exchange resin is contained in the electrode layer, and the catalyst is coated with ion exchange resin to expand the three-phase interface. Let me.

Conventionally, in order to form the three-phase interface in the electrode catalyst layer, for example, a platinum-supported carbon catalyst powder and a solution of an ion-exchange resin composed of a sulfonic acid-type perfluorocarbon polymer are mixed, and the catalyst is coated with the resin. There are known ways to do this. In this case, the state of the coating of the catalyst powder with the resin differs depending on the pore structure, the aggregation state, and the like of the catalyst powder. For polymer electrolyte fuel cells, in order to obtain higher output, a method to increase the three-phase interface by increasing the resin coverage of platinum is being studied. However, in the conventional method, the coverage cannot be increased due to the influence of the pore structure and the aggregation state of the carbon carrier used for the platinum-supported carbon catalyst, and the output characteristics are not sufficient. Disclosure of the invention

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for producing a gas diffusion electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, in which the three-phase interface is enlarged, the resin coverage of the catalyst is high, and the pore volume of the power catalyst is large as compared with the conventional art. The purpose is to do. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having excellent initial output characteristics and a stable output over a long period of time by having the gas diffusion electrode.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a gas diffusion electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having a catalyst layer disposed adjacent to an electrolyte membrane comprising an ion exchange membrane and comprising a catalyst and a fluorine-containing exchange resin. After bringing the catalyst and the fluorinated ion exchange resin into contact with each other in a solvent capable of dissolving the fluorinated ion exchange resin, the solid obtained by removing the solvent is converted into a saturated hydrocarbon or an aromatic hydrocarbon. , A fluorinated alcohol, a fluorinated ether and a fluorinated alkane are dispersed in at least one dispersion medium selected from the group consisting of the above, and the catalyst layer is formed using the obtained dispersion. 02780

Three

The present invention provides a method for producing a gas diffusion electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

Further, the present invention is a method for producing a polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising a membrane-electrode assembly in which gas diffusion electrodes are arranged and bonded on both sides of an electrolyte membrane composed of an ion exchange membrane, A method for manufacturing a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, wherein a gas diffusion electrode arranged on at least one side of the above is manufactured by the method for manufacturing a gas diffusion electrode. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The catalyst layer of the gas diffusion electrode obtained by the present invention contains a catalyst and a fluorinated ion exchange resin. As the catalyst, a substance which promotes an electrode reaction with an anode and a power source is used, and a platinum group metal such as platinum or an alloy thereof is preferable. The catalyst may be used as fine particles as they are, but it is preferable to use a supported catalyst, and as the carrier, it is preferable to use activated carbon having a specific surface area of 20 Om ² Zg or more, a power pump rack or the like.

In the case of a supported catalyst, the amount of supported metal is preferably 10 to 70% of the total mass of the catalyst. In polymer electrolyte fuel cells, when operating at a high current density, it is effective to reduce the thickness of the catalyst layer in order to increase gas diffusion in the electrodes, but at the same time, to maintain activity, Since it is necessary to secure the amount of the metal catalyst per area, the amount of supported metal is preferably 10% or more.

The fluorinated ion exchange resin contained in the catalyst layer has an ion exchange capacity of 0.5 to 2.0 milliequivalent Z gram dry resin, particularly 0.8 to 1.5 in terms of conductivity and gas permeability. Preferably, it is a milliequivalent / gram dry resin. Further, the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin is preferably made of a copolymer containing a polymerization unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a polymerization unit based on a perfluorovinyl compound having a sulfonic acid group.

The par full O b vinyl compound having a sulfonic acid _{group, CF 2 = CF (OCF,} CFX.) ", One O _p - is preferably one represented by S_〇 ₃ H - (CF ₂₎ _n . Here, X is a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group, m is an integer of 0 to 3, n is an integer of 1 to 12, and p is 0 or 1. Among the above perfluoro vinyl compounds, preferred specific examples include compounds represented by any one of formulas 1 to 3 below. However, in the following formula, q and r are integers of 1 to 8, and t is an integer of 1 to 3.

CF ₂ = CFO (CF ₂ ) _q S0 ₃ H Formula 1

CF ₂ = CFOCF ₂ CF (CF ₃ ) O (CF ₂ ), .S 0 ₃ H Equation 2

CF ₂ = CF (OCF ₂ CF (CF ₃ )), O (CF ₂ ) ₂ S0 ₃ H Formula 3

The catalyst and the fluorinated ion exchange resin contained in the catalyst layer of the gas diffusion electrode are such that the mass ratio of the catalyst to the fluorinated ion exchange resin is 40:60 to 95: 5 in terms of electrode conductivity and water repellency. Is preferred. Particularly, 60:40 to 80:20 is preferable. Here, the mass of the catalyst in the case of a supported catalyst includes the mass of the carrier. In the present invention, the solvent dissolving the fluorinated ion exchange resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, ethers having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and dialkyl sulfoxide having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Is preferred. Water and the like may be mixed with these solvents and used. Specific examples of the solvent include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 1,4-dioxane, n-propyl ether, and dimethyl sulfo. Oxide and the like.

In the present invention, preferably, after dissolving the fluorinated ion exchange resin in the solvent to obtain a solution, the catalyst is dispersed in the solution and the fluorinated ion exchange resin is brought into contact with the catalyst. At this time, it is considered that the fluorinated ion exchange resin is adsorbed on the catalyst. Further, the solid content concentration (the total amount of the fluorinated ion exchange resin and the catalyst) in the dispersion obtained by the above operation is 0.1 to 20%, particularly 1 to 15% of the total mass of the dispersion. Power is preferred. If the solid content concentration is too low, the efficiency of the solvent removal operation in the next step is poor. On the other hand, if the solid content concentration is too high, the viscosity of the dispersion becomes too high to mix uniformly, resulting in poor dispersion. Next, in the present invention, the solvent is removed from the above-mentioned dispersion liquid, and it is preferably dried. This operation is important for firmly coating the catalyst with the fluorinated ion exchange resin. It is preferable to completely remove the solvent, but if it is removed at least until the content of the solid matter becomes 5% or less, the fluorine-containing ion exchange will be performed when the above catalyst is dispersed in the solvent in the next step. This is preferable because the resin does not elute into the liquid phase. +

The removal of the solvent is preferably performed by heating at a temperature at which the fluorinated ion exchange resin does not deteriorate, and preferably at 180 ° C. or lower. It is also preferable to heat under reduced pressure using an evaporator. When using an evaporator, it is preferable to heat at a temperature of about 40 to 70 ° C. When the solvent to be removed contains a flammable solvent, the solvent removal operation is preferably performed in an atmosphere containing no oxygen, such as a nitrogen atmosphere.

Next, the solid obtained by removing the solvent is dispersed in a dispersion medium, and the dispersion medium includes a saturated hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, a fluorinated alcohol, a fluorinated ether, and a fluorinated alkane. Use one or more selected from the group. In order to prevent the fluorinated ion-exchange resin adsorbed on the catalyst from being redissolved, the dispersion medium used here is preferably difficult to dissolve the fluorinated ion-exchange resin. Especially, it is preferable to disperse in a fluorine-containing alcohol, a fluorine-containing ether or a fluorine-containing alkane. When dispersed in the dispersion medium, the pore volume of the catalyst can be increased, and the number of reaction fields can be increased, so that the performance as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is improved. The reason why the pore volume of the catalyst becomes large is not always clear, but is considered as follows.

In the catalyst to which the fluorine-containing ion-exchange resin is adsorbed after the solvent is removed and dried, the molecular chain of the fluorine-containing ion-exchange resin adsorbed in the pores of the catalyst is entangled. When this is dispersed in the dispersion medium, it is considered that the molecular chain of the fluorinated ion exchange resin is elongated and the pore volume is increased. Due to the large pore volume, the resulting gas diffusion electrode uses a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin. It is thought that the three-phase interface where the catalyst, the resin and the fuel gas (hydrogen or oxygen) are present is enlarged, and the output of the obtained fuel cell is increased.

When a dispersion medium in which the fluorinated ion exchange resin is swollen and mixed by mixing with the fluorinated ion exchange resin is used as the dispersion medium, the fluorinated ion exchange resin is adsorbed by the swelling of the fluorinated ion exchange resin. The dispersibility of the catalyst in the dispersion medium is enhanced, and the catalyst is preferably applied when a gas diffusion electrode is produced using the obtained dispersion.

When it is difficult to disperse the solid in the dispersion medium, the solid may be dispersed using a dispersant or the like. As the dispersing agent, a commonly used dispersing agent can be used. Cationic surfactants such as amine salt, quaternary ammonium salt, pyridinium salt, sulfonium salt, phosphonium salt, polyethylenepolyamine, amino acid, beaine, amino sulfate and the like. Examples include amphoteric surfactants such as esters and sulfobetaines, and nonionic surfactants such as alkyl polyoxyethylene and polyhydric alcohols.

Specific examples of the dispersion medium for dispersing the above-mentioned solids include, as the saturated hydrocarbon, chain hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, nonane, and decane, and the like. As the aromatic hydrocarbon, benzene and toluene are used. , Xylene and the like.

Examples of the fluorinated alcohol include 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol, 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro- Examples include 1-butanol and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-21-propanol.

Examples of the fluorinated alkanes include 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-fluoropentane, 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluorofluoropropane, 1,1, 1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, 1,1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentanofluorop Mouth bread, 1; 1, 2, 2, 3,3,4-heptofluorocyclopentane and the like. Examples of the fluorinated ethers include 2,2,3,3,3-pentylfluoromethyl ether, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylfluoromethyl ether, 1,1 1,3,3,3-pentanofluoro-2-trifluoromethylpropyl methyl ether, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluorobutyl methyl ether, 1,1,1,2 , 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-nonafluorobutylethyl ether and the like.

Among these, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-1propanol, 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5 5,5-decafluoropentane, 1,1,2,2,3,3,41-fluorocyclopentane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nona Fluorobutyl methyl ether, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluorobutylethyl ether, 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2 — ぺ Fluoropropane or 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane, etc., and these dispersion media are particularly preferred.

The solid content concentration (total amount of the catalyst and the resin) when dispersing the solid in the dispersion medium is preferably 0.01 to 20%, particularly 0.1 to 15% of the total weight of the dispersion. No. If the solid content is too low, a catalyst layer having a predetermined thickness cannot be obtained unless the coating is repeated many times in producing a catalyst layer by coating with a dispersion, resulting in poor production efficiency. If the solid content is too high, the viscosity of the dispersion is too high, and the catalyst layer obtained by coating the dispersion tends to be non-uniform.

In the present invention, a catalyst layer of a gas diffusion electrode is prepared using a dispersion in which the solid is dispersed in the dispersion medium. It is preferable that the mass ratio between the catalyst and the fluorinated ion exchange resin in the obtained catalyst layer is 50:50 to 85:15, and particularly preferably 60:40 to 80:20. If this mass ratio is less than 50:50, the pores of the catalyst carrier may be crushed by the resin. In that case, the number of reaction fields decreases, and the performance as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell decreases. When the mass ratio is larger than 85:15, the amount of the The catalyst may be insufficiently coated with the exchange resin, and the performance as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell may be reduced.

In the present invention, the gas diffusion electrode is disposed adjacent to the ion exchange membrane which is a polymer electrolyte membrane. However, the gas diffusion electrode may be prepared using the above-mentioned dispersion on both the anode side and the force source side. Only the above-mentioned dispersion liquid may be used. In addition, the gas diffusion electrode may be composed of only a catalyst layer prepared using the above-mentioned dispersion liquid. However, the catalyst layer is disposed adjacent to the electrolyte membrane, and the catalyst layer is formed outside the catalyst layer. It is preferable that a gas diffusion layer is disposed adjacent to the gas diffusion layer, and the gas diffusion electrode is constituted by the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer.

As a method for producing the gas diffusion electrode, for example, the following method can be mentioned. A dispersion containing carbon powder and polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter referred to as PTFE) is applied to the surface of carbon paper or carbon cloth, and fired in air to form a gas diffusion layer. Next, a dispersion liquid of the above-mentioned catalyst is applied on the gas diffusion layer to form a catalyst layer, and a gas diffusion electrode is formed.

Next, two gas diffusion electrodes having the catalyst layer formed thereon are opposed to each other so that the catalyst layer faces inward, and the membrane-electrode assembly is formed by hot pressing with an ion exchange membrane interposed therebetween. This membrane-electrode assembly is a part that functions as a power generation unit of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The bonding between the ion exchange membrane and the electrode may be performed not by hot pressing but by a bonding method (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-22074).

In the above description, a method of forming a catalyst layer on a gas diffusion layer has been described as a method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly. In addition, a dispersion of the catalyst is directly applied on an ion exchange membrane. A method of obtaining a membrane-electrode assembly, a method of applying a dispersion of the above-described catalyst on a flat plate to form a catalyst layer, and then transferring the catalyst layer to an ion exchange membrane can also be preferably employed.

On the outside of the membrane-electrode assembly obtained as described above, a separator having a gas flow path for supplying fuel gas is arranged. A gas containing hydrogen is supplied to the anode, and oxygen is supplied to the power source. Containing gas is supplied. Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to Examples (Examples 1 and 2) and Comparative Examples (Examples 3 and 4), but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[Example 1 ]

Power first pump rack powder platinum well dispersed supported catalyst 2. 6 g carrying 40 wt% in ethanol 25 g, to which ion exchange capacity 1. 1 milliequivalent Z g dry resin, CF ₂ = CF ₂ polymer units and CF _₂ = CFOCF ₂ CF based (CF ₃₎ 9. 0% by weight ethanol solution of 〇_CF ₂ CF ₂ S0 ₃ consisting polymerized units and based on H copolymer 12. added 4 g Then, the mixture was sufficiently mixed to disperse the supported catalyst (hereinafter, referred to as dispersion liquid 1).

Dispersion liquid 1 was treated with an evaporator at 50 ° C. in a hot water bath to remove the solvent, and 3.7 g of a solid was obtained. This was added to 33.3 g of 2,2,3,3,3-pentanofluoro-11-propanol, mixed well, and dispersed to obtain Dispersion 2.

After a small amount of the dispersion 2 was sampled and dried, it was ground in an agate mortar and dried under reduced pressure, and the pore volume was measured using a mercury porosimeter (manufactured by CE Instruments, Inc.). The pore volume was 130 Omm ³ / g.

As the ion exchange membrane, an ion exchange membrane made of sulfonic acid type perfluorocarbon polymer with a ion exchange capacity of 1.0 meq / g dry resin and a thickness of 50 m (trade name: Flemion S membrane, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) ) It was used. The dispersion 2 was applied once on the above-mentioned ion-exchange membrane so as to have a platinum content of 0.5 mgZcm ² on both sides of the force source side and the anode side once, and then heated to 120 ° C. After drying for 1 hour, a membrane-electrode assembly (electrode area: 10 cm ² ) in which a gas diffusion electrode composed of a porous catalyst layer having a thickness of 50 xm was formed on both sides of the membrane was produced.

A fuel cell is assembled using the above membrane-electrode assembly, and the fuel cell is supplied with hydrogen to the anode and air to the power source at 0.2 MPa, and 0.60 V at a cell temperature of 70 ° C. Was operated continuously with a constant voltage drive. Power density (AZcm ² ) When the temporal change was measured, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.

[Example 2]

Dispersion liquid 3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that hexane was used instead of 2, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoro-1-propanol, and a gas diffusion electrode was prepared using this. did. Using this gas diffusion electrode, a membrane-electrode assembly was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the results. The dispersion 3 was dried in the same manner as the dispersion 2 and the pore volume was measured. The pore volume was 1200 mm ³ g.

[Example 3 (Comparative example)]

Dispersion 4 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that ethanol was used instead of 2,2,3,3,3-pentanofluoro-1-propanol, and a gas diffusion electrode was formed using this. Produced. Using this gas diffusion electrode, a membrane-electrode assembly was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the results. The dispersion 4 was dried in the same manner as the dispersion 2 and the pore volume was measured to be 75 OmmVg.

[Example 4 (Comparative example)]

A membrane-electrode assembly was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dispersion 1 in Example 1 was used as it was as a coating liquid for preparing a gas diffusion electrode, and was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the results. The dispersion 1 was dried in the same manner as the dispersion 2 and the pore volume was measured to be 80 Omm ³ Zg.

table 1

After 10 hours After 500 hours After 1000 hours

Example 1 1.74 1.73 1.71

Example 2 1.70 1.69 1.67

Example 3 1.32 1.31 1.28

Example 4 1.20 1.16 1.13 Industrial applicability

According to the method of the present invention, a gas diffusion electrode is formed simply and satisfactorily on the surface of an ion exchange membrane, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the obtained gas diffusion electrode has a high output and a long continuous operation. Even with this, there is little deterioration over time.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. A method for producing a gas diffusion electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, comprising: a catalyst layer comprising a catalyst and a fluorinated ion-exchange resin disposed adjacent to an electrolyte membrane comprising an ion-exchange membrane; After bringing the catalyst and the fluorinated ion-exchange resin into contact with each other in a solvent capable of dissolving a fluorinated ion-exchange resin, the solid obtained by removing the solvent is converted into a saturated hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, and a fluorinated resin. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell characterized by being dispersed in at least one dispersion medium selected from the group consisting of alcohols, fluorinated ethers and fluorinated alkanes, and using the resulting dispersion to form a catalyst layer. Of manufacturing gas diffusion electrode for use.

2. A solvent selected from the group consisting of alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, ethers having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and dialkyl sulfoxides having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein the solvent capable of dissolving the fluorinated ion exchange resin is 2. The method for producing a gas diffusion electrode according to claim 1, which is as described above.

3. The dispersion medium is 2,2,3,3,3-pentanofluoro-1-propanol, 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro. Pentane, 1, 1

1,3,3,4,4-Nonafluorobutyl methyl ether, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-Nonafluorobutylethyl ether, 3,3-dichloro-1 3. The gas diffusion electrode according to claim 1, which is 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane or 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3_pentafluoropropane. Manufacturing method.

4. The fluorinated ion exchange resin has a polymerization unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a polymer based on CF ₂ = CF (OCF ₂ CFX) _n , -O _p- (CF ₂ ) _n — S〇 ₃ H A unit (X is a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group, m is an integer of 0 to 3, n is an integer of 1 to 12, and p is 0 or 1.) 4. The method for producing a gas diffusion electrode according to claim 1, 2 or 3, comprising:

5. The content of the solvent is 5% or less of the solid obtained by removing the solvent. The method for producing a gas diffusion electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gas diffusion electrode is removed until the following conditions are satisfied.

6. The dispersion is prepared so that the solid content concentration is 0.01 to 20% by mass and the mass ratio between the catalyst and the fluorinated ion exchange resin in the catalyst layer is 50:50 to 85:15. The method for producing a gas diffusion electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 5,

7. A method for producing a polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising a membrane-electrode assembly formed by arranging and bonding gas diffusion electrodes on both surfaces of an electrolyte membrane comprising an ion exchange membrane, wherein at least one of the electrolyte membranes is provided. A method for producing a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, wherein a gas diffusion electrode arranged on one side is produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.