WO2001065250A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur konditionierung von gasgemischen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur konditionierung von gasgemischen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001065250A1 WO2001065250A1 PCT/AT2001/000057 AT0100057W WO0165250A1 WO 2001065250 A1 WO2001065250 A1 WO 2001065250A1 AT 0100057 W AT0100057 W AT 0100057W WO 0165250 A1 WO0165250 A1 WO 0165250A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- compressor
- control valve
- absolute pressure
- gas mixture
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AANMVENRNJYEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)C1CCC(=O)C=C1 AANMVENRNJYEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
- G01N33/0016—Sample conditioning by regulating a physical variable, e.g. pressure or temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
- G01N33/0018—Sample conditioning by diluting a gas
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for converting real, reactive gas mixtures with a highly variable fugacity into a stable, inert gas state of constant and low fugacity at atmospheric pressure and temperatures below 150 ° C. and dew points below 60 ° C., and a device for carrying out the method ,
- the concentration determinations of gaseous emissions from fuel cells which according to the current state of the art represent the most promising way to achieve emission values of so-called "zero emission vehicles", which will be required in the future , a great challenge for measurement technology, because the formation of molecular hydrogen from liquid fuels results in considerable changes in the composition of the gaseous emissions.
- the concentrations of water, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and methanol lie in ranges between 0 and 60%, that of the C1 to C4 hydrocarbons between 0 and 5%.
- the gas measuring systems are subject to interferences due to the considerable concentration variations.
- dilution systems are necessary to remain in the linear range of the detection systems.
- the following table lists the most important components that occur when reforming methanol or gasoline in the fuel cell processor.
- gas mixers are used, preferably known for the area of application in air measurement stations.
- the gas flow is regulated by means of restrictors, the fine adjustment with a manometer and manual pressure regulator.
- the amount of the dilution gas is set by a flow meter.
- this system is primarily intended for use in the area of test gases.
- the disadvantages of gas mixing systems are complex measuring of the flows using a gas bubble meter (flow meter), which results in setting errors due to reading errors. Changing the dilution ratio is only possible manually, and there are also strong temperature dependencies in the restrictor, which make expensive heating necessary.
- the flows of the two gases to be diluted are set using the mass flow controller.
- the gas flow to be controlled or part of it passes through a thin-walled stainless steel tube, which is inductively heated at the entry point. This also heats the gas.
- Temperature sensors are installed at the location of the heater and somewhat downstream of it. Physically, the amount of gas to be controlled is determined by your heat transport. However, this means that the specific heat capacity of the gas is the underlying measurement quantity, and this is of course not constant in the gas mixtures to be examined. That Flow controllers will never make sense in this application because they are very imprecise (+/- 15% in practice). They are sensitive to moisture and contamination and show long-term and temperature drifts, although according to the basic measuring principle, the temperature should not be included in the measurement.
- the gas flow is set with gas dividers via critical nozzles, the gases reaching the speed of sound. Since the speed of sound is a function of the matrix or the medium and the temperature, the gas type dependency of such systems becomes clear, ie linearity and reproducibility are difficult to achieve. The dilution levels are switched mechanically, which leads to a continuous wear of the seals. Complex electronics for controlling the many solenoid valves are also required.
- the object of the present invention is a method and an apparatus for carrying it out, in which gases with a highly variable composition and very high fugacity (i.e. in their properties far away from those of ideal gases) can be conditioned in this way while avoiding the disadvantages of known systems mentioned above that a precise quantitative analysis of the gas compositions or one of their components is possible.
- gases with a highly variable composition and very high fugacity i.e. in their properties far away from those of ideal gases
- the transport of the gas mixtures over longer pipelines at atmospheric pressure and temperatures below 150 ° C and dew points below 60 ° C to the analysis devices should also be included.
- At least a partial stream of the original gas mixture is discharged into a high vacuum and then compressed to an absolute pressure of 1 to 2 atm in at least one inert compression stage with the addition of an inerting gas.
- this also ensures that heterogeneous catalytic effects are largely prevented, and the features of the present invention are also among others.
- the inert i.e. Without oil as the operating medium, compression ensures that hydrocarbons of all kinds can also be measured.
- the minimum volume flow is between 10 and 200 ml / min.
- the gas mixture is advantageously flushed past the control valve in this case by means of a pump.
- the gas mixture has a phase transition to an absolute pressure of 1 to 7 mbar and a temperature temperature is subjected to 60 to 80 ° C, the state closest to an ideal gas (Fugazitat close to or equal to 1) is reached.
- the gas mixture is then compressed in a high vacuum to an absolute pressure of approximately 15 to 20 mbar in at least one step, an inerting gas preferably being additionally supplied. Due to the increase in the gas volume compared to the dead volumes of the device and pump parts, response times can be achieved faster.
- the compression takes place in several, preferably two, stages.
- the gas mixture is brought to an absolute pressure of approximately 200 mbar in at least one further compression stage, with inert gas additionally being supplied.
- the inerting gas is preferably supplied in an amount of 2 to 50 l / min.
- the gas mixture is brought to an absolute pressure of 1 to 2 atm in at least one further compression stage.
- An atomic gas in particular argon, is preferably used as the inerting gas, because atomic gases come closest to the ideal state.
- Argon is particularly advantageous because it avoids the poor pumping power or high diffusion coefficient of helium and is a more economical choice than neon, xenon or krypton.
- the device for converting real, reactive gas mixtures with a highly variable fugacity into a stable, inert gas state of constant and low fugacity at atmospheric pressure and temperatures below 150 ° C. and dew points below 60 ° C., with at least one inlet for the gas mixture and one inerting gas and At least one outlet for the inert gas mixture is characterized according to the invention by a control valve downstream of the inlet for the gas mixture, preferably a gas volume control valve, an adjoining high vacuum section and at least one subsequent inert compressor.
- a pump for the gas mixture is connected to the control valve and is vented into the environment via a further bypass outlet.
- the high vacuum section is designed for an absolute pressure of 1 to 7 mbar and a temperature of 60 to 80 ° C, it can be used to set a state closest to the ideal gas.
- At least two compressors are preferably provided, a gas sensor independent of the gas type being inserted behind the first compressor and being connected to the control valve, which is preferably designed as a proportional control valve.
- the device is characterized in that at least three compressors are provided, the next compressor downstream of the pressure sensor and the subsequent section of the device being designed for an output absolute pressure of approximately 15 to 20 mbar. This increases the gas volume compared to the system's dead spaces and achieves a faster response.
- the device is characterized by at least four compressors, the second compressor and the subsequent section of the device being designed for an outlet absolute pressure of approximately 15 to 20 mbar, the third compressor and the subsequent section of the device being designed for an outlet absolute pressure of approx. 200 mbar and the fourth compressor is designed for an initial absolute pressure of approx. 1 to 2 atm.
- a feed line for the inerting gas opens into the area behind the compressor downstream of the pressure sensor.
- the main quantity of the inerting gas is advantageously supplied in such a way that a supply line for the inerting gas opens into the area in front of the compressor immediately preceding the outlet of the device.
- a control valve preferably a gas volume control valve, is used in at least one of the supply lines for the inerting gas, preferably in the supply line in the area in front of the compressor immediately preceding the output of the device.
- the further supply line advantageously extends from the control valve into the area behind the compressor connected downstream of the pressure sensor.
- the optimum amount of inerting gas can be ensured in a simple and reliable manner by using a pressure sensor which is independent of the type of gas between the last and penultimate compressor of the device and is connected in a controlling manner to the second control valve, which is preferably designed as a proportional control valve.
- the individual control valves and compressors are advantageously independent of one another.
- the gas flows can have up to 6 bar at 200 ° C.
- the different gas flows can be selected via switching valves 4.
- the gas mixtures in particular from reformers and fuel cells, are highly variable in their composition of the individual components from 0 to 40 or 60 vol% and have a very high degree of fugacity - their properties are therefore far away from those of ideal gases. They are typically under 4 bar at up to 300 Celsius. This means that when you relax in the atmosphere and at low temperatures, you experience a major change in your condition.
- the gas mixtures are subject to catalytic effects at the interfaces of the gas lines - e.g. B. formic acid will
- the adsorption isotherms ie the adsorption coefficients of the individual species on surfaces, are very different in these gas mixtures, which leads to strong temporal signal smearing in the measuring devices and the dew points in the gas mix so high that condensation occurs.
- One or more of the points listed preclude an accurate quantitative analysis of the gas compositions or one of their components.
- the selected gas flow preferably flows around a proportional gas volume control valve 5.
- the minimum volume flow must be between 10 and 200 ml / min. If the gases are only available at atmospheric pressure, the gas can be flushed past the control valve 5 by activating the pump 6 to which the bypass line 7 leading out of the device I is connected.
- the control valve 5 gives a small partial flow of the gas to the high vacuum in the line section 8. This gas flow is in the range 10 to 200 ml.
- the phase transition to an absolute pressure of 1 to 7 mbar and a temperature of 60 to 80 C takes place at this control valve 5. This is the step to the ideal gas state that every real gas experiences in the transition from pressure to zero
- this absolute pressure is determined by a capacitive and therefore gas-independent pressure sensor 10 and converted into an electrical signal with a resolution of 100 mV / mbar. This signal is compared in an operational amplifier with a setpoint and controls the magnetic current and thus the stroke or the opening of the control valve 5 via current drivers. This is the step for compensating for fugacity variations which, as viscosity variations, change the gas quantity through the control valve 5.
- a small gas stream of inerting gas is supplied via a capillary throttle 12, so that the absolute pressure of the gas mixture in section 13 increases to approximately 15 to 20 mbar. This serves to increase the gas volume compared to the dead volumes of the pump parts and results in faster response times of the overall system.
- the inerting gas is supplied via line 14, in which the throttle 12 is inserted.
- the main flow of the inerting gas is now fed to the system as a gas quantity of 2 to 50 l / min via a further proportional control valve 16, which is also controlled by comparing a setpoint with the signal value of a further absolute pressure sensor 17.
- the inertized gas mixture is brought to an absolute pressure of 1 to 2 atm. This means that tized gas mixture at the output section 19 in the desired state lowest Fugazitat available.
- the individual compression stages 9, 11, 15, 18 of the arrangement can be viewed as impedance converters in electronics. It is technically crucial that the individual gas control stages of the input, i.e. of the valve 5, and the dilution can work independently. This decoupling is made possible by the successive, independent compressor stages 9, 11, 15, 18.
- an atomic gas - especially argon - as an inerting gas is of great importance because atomic gases are closer to the ideal state than diatomic or polyatomic gases.
- the use of helium is ruled out because of the poor pump performance or because of the high diffusion coefficient, neon .crypton, xenon because of the high costs.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU37105/01A AU3710501A (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2001-03-01 | Method and device for conditioning gas mixtures |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA358/2000 | 2000-03-03 | ||
AT3582000A AT413081B (de) | 2000-03-03 | 2000-03-03 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur überführung realer, reaktiver gasgemische in einen stabilen, inerten gaszustand |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001065250A1 true WO2001065250A1 (de) | 2001-09-07 |
Family
ID=3672663
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT2001/000057 WO2001065250A1 (de) | 2000-03-03 | 2001-03-01 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur konditionierung von gasgemischen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT413081B (de) |
AU (1) | AU3710501A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001065250A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2606505A1 (de) | 2010-08-18 | 2013-06-26 | Ionicon Analytik Gesellschaft m.b.h. | Ionisierungsverfahren für ein universelles gasanalysegerät |
CN106402862A (zh) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-02-15 | 无锡市莱达热工工程有限公司 | 燃烧装置管路结构 |
CN110479123A (zh) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-11-22 | 苏州宏博净化设备有限公司 | 智能型自动氢氮配比装置 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3897211A (en) * | 1973-08-06 | 1975-07-29 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Sample conditioner |
US4101282A (en) * | 1977-02-18 | 1978-07-18 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Sample conditioner and analyzer |
US4975576A (en) * | 1987-05-14 | 1990-12-04 | V & F Analyse- Und Messtechnik Gmbh | Method and apparatus for measuring concentrations of gas mixtures |
WO1998039649A1 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1998-09-11 | Breakthrough Technologies Inc. | Reactive gas sampling/analyzing hygrometry system |
US5880352A (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1999-03-09 | Testo Gmbh & Co. | Method and device for determining the concentration of a substance in a gaseous medium |
US6089282A (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 2000-07-18 | Aeronex, Inc. | Method for recovery and reuse of gas |
-
2000
- 2000-03-03 AT AT3582000A patent/AT413081B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-03-01 WO PCT/AT2001/000057 patent/WO2001065250A1/de active Application Filing
- 2001-03-01 AU AU37105/01A patent/AU3710501A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3897211A (en) * | 1973-08-06 | 1975-07-29 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Sample conditioner |
US4101282A (en) * | 1977-02-18 | 1978-07-18 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Sample conditioner and analyzer |
US4975576A (en) * | 1987-05-14 | 1990-12-04 | V & F Analyse- Und Messtechnik Gmbh | Method and apparatus for measuring concentrations of gas mixtures |
US5880352A (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1999-03-09 | Testo Gmbh & Co. | Method and device for determining the concentration of a substance in a gaseous medium |
WO1998039649A1 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1998-09-11 | Breakthrough Technologies Inc. | Reactive gas sampling/analyzing hygrometry system |
US6089282A (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 2000-07-18 | Aeronex, Inc. | Method for recovery and reuse of gas |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2606505A1 (de) | 2010-08-18 | 2013-06-26 | Ionicon Analytik Gesellschaft m.b.h. | Ionisierungsverfahren für ein universelles gasanalysegerät |
US9188564B2 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2015-11-17 | Ionicon Analytik Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Ionisation method for a universal gas analyzer |
CN106402862A (zh) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-02-15 | 无锡市莱达热工工程有限公司 | 燃烧装置管路结构 |
CN106402862B (zh) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-08-07 | 无锡市莱达热工工程有限公司 | 燃烧装置管路结构 |
CN110479123A (zh) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-11-22 | 苏州宏博净化设备有限公司 | 智能型自动氢氮配比装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU3710501A (en) | 2001-09-12 |
AT413081B (de) | 2005-11-15 |
ATA3582000A (de) | 2005-04-15 |
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