Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
  • A61K31/675—Phosphorus compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pyridoxal phosphate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/41—Amines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K8/494—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/02—Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
  • A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q15/00—Anti-perspirants or body deodorants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/51—Chelating agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/52—Stabilizers
  • A61K2800/522—Antioxidants; Radical scavengers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/74—Biological properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/78—Enzyme modulators, e.g. Enzyme agonists
  • A61K2800/782—Enzyme inhibitors; Enzyme antagonists

Definitions

• First transition series elements are essential to the replication and growth of all cells and viruses. They are essential co-enzymes required in a variety of metabolic processes. Iron and copper can catalyze free radical formation leading to oxidative damage to tissues. Consequently, alterations of the bioavailability and function of first transition series elements can affect cell systems, metabolic processes, and complex phenomena that are affected by such processes.
• antimicrobial agents such as triclosan are commonly added to personal care products and cosmetics to inhibit development of body odors (such as underarm odor) through inhibition of microbial growth. See, Antiperspirants and Deodorants, 2d Ed., K. Laden, Ed., 1999, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y.
• first transition series elements act as coenzymes in a variety of enzymatic systems (metalloenzymes). Interference with access to the metal site by agents that chelate, or combine with, the metal at open coordination sites results in inhibition of the enzymatic activity of such enzymes. See, Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Therapeutic Applications, 1999 R.A. Greenwald, S. Zucker, L.M. Golub, Eds., New York Academy of Sciences ANYAA9878 1- 761.
• reperfusion injury may be related to hydroxyl free radicals arising from iron-catalyzed Fenton reactions (see, "Prevention of Hydroxyl Radical Formation: A Critical Concept for Improving Cardioplegia. Protective Effects of Deferoxamine,” P. Menasche, et al., Circulation, 1987, vol. 76 (Suppl. V), 180-185) and local release of matrix metalloproteinase enzymes (see, “Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) Released During Reperfusion Following Ischemia Reduces Myocardial Stunning Injury," G. Sawicki, et al., Can J. Cardiol. Vol. 15, Suppl. D, 1999).
• MMP-2 Matrix Metalloproteinase-2
• the present specification demonstrates that the family of chelating agents disclosed in WO 97/01360 are capable of being used in cosmetics and personal care products to inhibit odor development (such as for example underarm odor), to inhibit replication of microorganisms associated with tooth decay and oral disease, and to inhibit oxidation and free radical damage to the skin.
• This specification also demonstrates that this family of chelating agents is capable of inhibiting enzymatic activity of metalloenzymes containing first transition series elements. Still further, this specification demonstrates that this family of chelating agents inhibits reperfusion injury, possibly as a consequence of their ability to inhibit generation of hydroxyl free radicals and/or inhibition of metalloenzymes such as the matrix metalloproteinases.
• This invention resides in the discovery that a class of substituted polyaza compounds showing affinity and selectivity for first transition series elements (atomic numbers 21-30), by virtue of their ability to decrease the bioavailability and/or biochemical action of the first transition series elements, are useful in personal care products to decrease odor arising from microbial growth on body surfaces and in body cavities, decrease microbial growth on teeth, plaque, and gums that cause tooth decay and gum disease, inhibit oxidative damage to the skin, inhibit enzymatic action of metalloenzyme dependent on first transition series elements, and inhibit reperfusion injury.
• These effects are achieved by application or administration of the substituted polyaza compounds as either free ligands or as conjugated compounds, or as physiological salts of the free ligands or conjugated compounds.
• Abbreviations are used herein, in conformation with standard chemical practice, as follows: Bz, benzyl; Me, methyl; Et, ethyl Pr, propyl; 'Pr, isopropyl; 'Bu, isobutyl; Bu, butyl; l Bu, isopropyl; terf/a/y-butyl; Ts, para- toluenesulfonyl; Tf , trifluoroacetate; DMSO, dimethylosulfoxide; DMF.dimethylformamide; DEK, diethyl ketone (3-pentanone); MeOH, methanol; LDA, lithium diisopropylamide; THF, tetrahydrofuran; Py, pyridine; Ac, acetyl; Ac 2 O, acetic anhydride.
• This invention provides methods useful in personal care products to decrease odor arising from microbial growth on body surfaces and in body cavities, to decrease microbial growth on teeth, plaque and gums that cause tooth decay and gum disease, to inhibit oxidative damage to the skin, to inhibit enzymatic action of metalloenzymes dependent on first transition series elements, and to inhibit reperfusion injury.
• the in vivo methods involve administering to a patient or host a chelating agent (or ligand) which is capable of complexing first transition series elements as well as elements with chemical characteristics similar to those of first transition series elements.
• the chelating agent is administered as a complex of radioisotopic or paramagnetic cations of first transition series elements (or those with similar properties).
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 may be the same or different on any single molecule, and the same is true for R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 , for R 21 , R 22 , and R 23 , and for R 31 , R 32 , and R 33 .
• R 1 through R 33 represents H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkenoxy, alkenylthio, aryloxy, arylthio, alkyl interrupted by one or more oxa (-0-), alkenyl interrupted by one or more oxa (-O-), alkyl interrupted by one or more thia (-S-), alkenyl interrupted by one or more thia (-S-), aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyaryl, aminoalkyl, aminoalkenyl, aminoaryl, aminoarylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyaryl, or hydroxyarylalkyl, provided only that these groups that do not interfere with complexation and that they are not combined in a manner that results in a chemically unstable configuration.
• R ⁇ R 4 , R 11 , R 21 and R 31 are further defined to include:
• R 4 , R 42 , and R 43 may be the same or different on any single radical, and are defined as H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkenoxy, alkenylthio, aryloxy, arylthio, alkyl interrupted by one or more oxa (-O-), alkenyl interrupted by one or more oxa (-O-), alkyl interrupted by one or more thia (-S-), alkenyl interrupted by one or more thia (-S-), aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyaryl, aminoalkyl, aminoalkenyl, aminoaryl, aminoarylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyaryl, or hydroxyarylalkyl, provided only that these groups that do not interfere with complexation and that they are not combined in a manner that results in a chemically unstable configuration.
• R 44 in Formula V is defined as H, hydroxy, amino, alkyl, alkyl interrupted by oxa (-0-), alkoxy, aryl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyaryl, or any of these groups in which the alkyl and aryl portions are substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
• the groups are selected such that they do not interfere with complexation and are not combined in a manner that results in a chemically unstable configuration.
• the index n is either zero or 1.
• the symbol X represents any of the following groups:
• R 41 , R 42 , R 43 , and R 44 may be the same or different on any single radical, and each has the same definition as that given above for R 41 , R 42 , and R 43 .
• R 46 , R 47 , R 48 and R 49 may be the same or different on any single radical, and are each defined as H, or alkyl or aryl groups that do not interfere with complexation. R 46 and R 47 may further be combined as a single divalent group, thereby forming a ring structure. R 48 and R 49 are further defined to include alkoxy, alkyl interrupted by oxa (-O-), aryloxyalkyl, and alkoxyaryl, combine in a manner that results in a chemically stable configuration. All alkyl and aryl groups in this paragraph, including alkyl and aryl portions of groups, are optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
• R 50 , R 5 , and R 52 may be the same or different on any single radical, and are each defined as H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, alkylthio, alkenyloxy, alkenylthio, aryloxy, arylthio, aminoalkyl, aminoalkenyl, aminoaryl, aminoarylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyaryl, or hydroxyarylalkyl.
• the index m is an integer which is either 1 , 2, or 3.
• further variations within the scope of this invention are as follows: (1 ) Internal cyclizations within these formulas at the nitrogen atoms, formed by joining together any two of the R 1 and R 4 groups in Formula I, any two of the R 11 groups in Formula II, any two of the R 21 groups in Formula III, or any two of the R 31 groups in Formula IV, as a single divalent group bridging the two nitrogen atoms, the single divalent group having the formula in which R and R ⁇ are as defined above, and s is at least 2, preferably 2 or 3;
• R 12 , R 22 , or R 32 groups to one or more of the R 3 , R 13 , R 23 , or R 33 groups at the same carbon atom, as a single divalent group of Formula VI (as defined above), and forming one or more such homocyclic rings per structure in this manner; and (4) Internal cyclizations involving two carbon atoms separated by a nitrogen atom within these formulas to form heterocyclic rings, by joining any two adjacent R 2 groups in Formula I, any two adjacent R 12 groups in Formula II, any two adjacent R 22 groups in Formula III, or any two adjacent R 32 groups in Formula IV, as a single divalent group of Formula VI (as defined above) and forming one or more such heterocyclic rings per structure in this manner.
• the subscripts p and q may be the same or different, and are each either 2 or 3.
• the subscript r is 0 to 4, inclusive, with the proviso that in the absence of a ring structure r is 1 to 4, inclusive.
• r is 1 or 2.
• t, u, and v may be the same or different, and are each either 2 or 3.
• the value of w is at least 1 , more preferably 1 to 4, inclusive, still more preferably 1 to 3, inclusive, and most preferably either 1 or 2.
• alkyl thus encompasses both straight-chain and branched-chain groups and includes both linear and cyclic groups.
• alkenyl refers to unsaturated groups with one or more double bonds and includes both linear and cyclic groups.
• aryl refers to aromatic groups or one or more cycles.
• Preferred alkyl groups are those having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with 1 to 4 carbon atoms more preferred.
• Prime examples are methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, and fert-butyl.
• Preferred aryl groups are phenyl and naphthyl, particularly phenyl.
• Preferred arylalkyl groups are phenylethyl and benzyl, and of these, benzyl is the most preferred.
• Preferred cycloalkyl groups are those with 4 to 7 carbon atoms in the cycle, with cycles of 5 or 6 carbon atoms particularly preferred.
• Preferred halogen atoms are chlorine and fluorine, with fluorine particularly preferred.
• R 1 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or cycloalkyl, substituted at the ⁇ -position with hydroxy.
• R 1 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or cycloalkyl, substituted at the ⁇ -position with hydroxy.
• R 1 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or cycloalkyl, substituted at the ⁇ -position with hydroxy.
• R 11 , R 11 , R 21 and R 31 are substituted at the ⁇ -position with hydroxy.
• the ⁇ -hydroxy substituted groups are further substituted at the ⁇ -position with at least one hydroxymethyl, alkoxymethyl, alkenoxymethyl, aryloxymethyl, or combinations thereof, all of which may also be further substituted with halogen.
• R 21 groups are substituted at the ⁇ -position with hydroxy and also with hydroxymethyl, alkoxymethyl, alkenoxymethyl, or aryloxymethyl, all of which may also be further substituted with halogen, and the R 22 and R 23 groups are all hydrogen atoms.
• R 1 , R 11 , R 21 , and R 31 are particularly preferred. These are 2-hydroxy(2,2-diisopropoxymethyl)ethyl and (3-hydroxy- 6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-1 ,5-dioxacyclohept-3-yl)methyl.
• physiologically or pharmacologically compatible salts of the ligands, or complexes thereof, which have an excess of acidic groups are formed by neutralizing the acidic moieties of the ligand with physiologically or pharmacologically compatible cations from corresponding 5 inorganic and organic bases and amino acids.
• alkali and alkaline earth metal cations notably sodium.
• Further examples are primary, secondary and tertiary amines, notably, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, morpholine, glucamine, N,N-dimethylglucamine, and N-methylglucamine (commonly referred to as "meglumine").
• amino acid cations are lysines, arginines and 0 ornithines.
• physiologically and pharmacologically compatible salts of those ligands which have an excess of basic groups are formed by neutralizing the basic moieties of the ligand with physiologically or pharmacologically compatible anions from corresponding inorganic and organic acids.
• physiologically or pharmacologically compatible anions from corresponding inorganic and organic acids.
• examples 5 are halide anions, notably chloride.
• Further examples are sulfates, bicarbonate, acetate, pyruvate and other inorganic and organic acids.
• compositions comprising the chelates described herein are prepared and administered according to standard techniques.
• the pharmaceutical compositions can be administered parenterally, i.e. , 0 intraarticularly, intravenously, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly.
• Suitable formulations for use in the present invention are found in Remington 's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Philadelphia, PA, 17th ed. ( 1 985).
• the chelate compositions can be administered intravenously.
• compositions for intravenous administration which comprise a solution of the chelate suspended in an acceptable carrier, preferably an aqueous carrier.
• an acceptable carrier preferably an aqueous carrier.
• aqueous carriers may be used, e.g. , water, buffered water, 0.9% isotonic saline, and the like.
• These compositions may be sterilized by conventional, well known sterilization techniques, or may
• I0 be sterile filtered.
• the resulting aqueous solutions may be packaged for use as is, or lyophilized, the lyophilized preparation being combined with a sterile aqueous solution prior to administration.
• the compositions may contain pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances as required to approximate physiological conditions, such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, tonicity adjusting agents, wetting agents and the like, for example, sodium acetate, sodium lactate, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolam/ne oleate, etc.
• concentration of chelates, in the pharmaceutical formulations can vary widely, i. e.
• the amount of chelates in administered complexes will depend upon the particular metal cation being used and the judgement of the clinician.
• the dose typically is between 0.05 to 0.5 millimoles/kg body weight.
• any conventional method for visualizing diagnostic imaging can be used, depending upon the label used.
• gamma and positron emitting radioisotopes are used for imaging in nuclear medicine and paramagnetic metal cations are used in magnetic resonance imaging.
• the methods of the present invention may be practiced in a variety of hosts.
• Preferred hosts include mammalian species, such as humans, non-human primates, dogs, cats, cattle, horses, sheep, and the like.
• mammalian species such as humans, non-human primates, dogs, cats, cattle, horses, sheep, and the like.
• Section 1 . 1 illustrates the synthesis of polyaza bases.
• Section 1.2 illustrates the synthesis of alkylating groups.
• Section 1.3 illustrates the preparation of chelating agents from alkylatio ⁇ of polyaza bases.
• the 3,7 bis(p- toluenesulfonylamino)-5-azanonane (1.1.10) product was purified by chromatography and reacted with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride to obtain the corresponding tri-p-toluenesulfonyl compound 3,7 bis(p-toluenesulfonylamino)- 5-(p-toluenesulf onyl-5-azanonane (1.1.11).
• the 2,3-butano-N,N'N"-tris(p- toluenesulfonyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (1.1.18) obtained was purified by chromatography.
• the p : toluenesulfonyl groups were removed by reaction in HBr/Acetic acid and the 2,3-butano-1,4,7-triazacyclononane trihydrobromide (1.1.14) product precipitated from solution as the hydrobromide salt.
• N,N'-bis(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (1.1.20) was prepared by reacting (1.1.3) with two equivalents of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. Two equivalents of N,N'-bis(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane
• Glycidyl tosylate (R, S or d,l) (1 .2.1 .0) was reacted in the appropriate alcohol solvent employing catalytic amounts of cone. H 2 SO 4 or equivalent amounts of tetrafluoroboranetherate.
• the 1 -alkyloxy-2-hydroxy-3-p- toluenesulfonyloxypropane (1 .2.1 .1 ) product was reacted in ether with BuLi to yield the title epoxide.
• the following compounds were prepared in this manner.
• This compound was made also by reacting 2-(1-bromoethyl)-3-methyl oxirane (1.2.4.13) with HF/Py (70%) followed by treatment of the resulting 2-bromo-4- fluorope ⁇ tan-3-ol (1.2.4.18) with K 2 CO 3 /MeOH.
• 3-Pentanone was brominated to get 2,4-dibromo-3-pentanone ( 1 .2.4. 1 1 ) using conventional methods.
• the dibromoketone was reduced with BH 3 *THF to the corresponding alcohol (1 .2.4.1 5).
• This compound was reacted with MeONa in methanol to yield 2-(1-bromoethyl)-3-methyl oxirane (1 .2.4.1 3) which after reaction with MeOH/H 2 SO 4 gave 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy pentane ( 1 .2.4.38).
• This compound was prepared in several steps. 4-pentenoic acid ( 1 .2.6.4) was reacted with ethylchloroformate in the usual way to obtain the active mixed anhydride. To a solution of the mixed anhydride in chloroform was added triethylamine and O-benzyihydroxylamine hydrochloride to obtain O- benzyl-4-pentenohydroxamic acid (1 .2.6.5). The double bond was oxidized using osmium tetroxide/N-methylmorpholine oxide to give the diol (1 .2.6.6). The terminal hydroxyl group was then protected with t-butyldimethylsilylchloride in the usual way to yield ( 1 .2.6.7).
• the secondary hydroxyl group was tosylated using pyridine/p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. Cyclization of (1 .2.6.8) to the corresponding pyrrolidone ( 1 .2.6.9) was effected by using sodium carbonate in methanol. The protecting silyl group was removed by treatment with tetraethylammonium fluoride. The title compound ( 1 .2.6.3) was prepared by reacting the latter compound ( 1 .2.6.1 0) with pyridine/p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in the usual way*
• This compound was prepared in several steps. Butyrolactone was reacted with PBr3/Br2 to obtain the dibromobutyryibromide (1 .2.6.12). This compound with O-benzylhydroxyiamine yielded the protected dibromohydroxamic acid ( 1 .2.6.1 3). Cyclization was effected by base to give the cyclic protected hydroxa ic acid (1 .2.6.1 1).
• This class of compounds was prepared from chloroacetyl chloride and the suitable N-Alk ⁇ lhydroxylamine followed by O-benzylation with benzyl bromide. In certain instances the O-benzyl alkylhydroxylamine was used as the starting material. O-Methyl chloroacetoxyhydroxamic acid was prepared employing O-methylhydroxylamine as starting material.
• Triazacy clononane Triazacy clononane .
• N,N',N"-Tris-[2-hydroxy-3-(1-fluoroethyl)-4-hydroxypentyl]-1 ,4,7- triazacyclononane From 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (1.1.3) and 2-(1- trimethylsilyloxyethyl)-2-(1-fluoroethyl) oxirane (1.2.4.8).
• N,N', N"-Tris(2-hydroxy-2-ethyl-3-methoxy butyl)-1 ,4,7- triazacyclononane From 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (1.1.3) and 2-ethyl-2-(1- methoxyethyl) oxirane (1.2.4.24).
• N, N',N",N"'-Tetrakis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1, 4,8,11- tetraazacyclohexadecane From cyclam (1.1.5) and glycidol.
• Chelators which have three identical methylene phosphonate diester arms were prepared by reacting the trihydrobromide polyaza bases with formaldehyde and dialkylphosphite.
• the hexa-ester was hydrolized to the tri- ester by heating with NaOH dissolved in the appropriate alcohol (the same R group as in the dialkylphosphite).
• products were obtained by reacting the amine base with haloalkylphosphonates or epoxyphosphonates.
• Alkyl or aryl groups a to the phosphonate moiety were prepared by alkylation of the corresponding ligand in the form of its dialkylphosphonate. 1 .3.4.1 N,N',N"-Tris[ ⁇ -dihydroxyphosporyl- ⁇ -benzyl)methyI]-
• Carboxyl Groups And The Corresponding Esters Compounds were prepared by reacting polyaza bases with either halo carboxylic acids or by reductive alkylation with aldo or keto acids. The esters were prepared either by reacting directly with halo carboxylic acid esters or by reaction of the free acid with SOCI 2 /alcohol. 1.3.6.1 N,N',N"-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane.
• N,N',N"-Tris(methylcarboxamide)-1 ,4,7-triazacyclononane From N,N',N"-Tris-(methoxycarboxymethyl)-1 ,4,7- triazacyclononane ( 1 .3.6.2) and ammonia.
• N,N',N"-Trisr-N-n-butyUmethylcarboxam ⁇ de)]-1,4,7- triazacyclononane From N,N',N"-Tris-(methoxycarboxymethyl)-1 ,4,7- tria2acyclononane (1.3.6.2) and butylamine.
• N-p-Toluenesulfonyl-N',N"-ditrifluoroacetyl-1,4,7- triazacyclononane From N-p-toluenesulfonyl-1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane (1.3.13.31), potassium carbonate and trifluoroacetic anhydride.
• N-p-ToluenesulfonyI-N'-benzyl-1 ,4,7-triazacyclononane From N-(p-toluenesulfonyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (1.3.13.31), sodium hydride and benzyl bromide.
• N,N',N"-Tris(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1 ,4,7-triazacyclonona ⁇ e (1 .3.13.31 ) prepared from 1.3.13.18, dibromoethane and base) and HBr/acetic acid.
• N,N'-(Di-p-toluenesulfonyI)-N"-benzyI-1,4,7-Triazacyclononane a) From N,N"-(p-toIuenesulfonyl)-4-benzyl diethylenetriamine (1.3.13.20), sodium hydride and ethylene glycol di-p-toluenesulfonate (1.1.12). b) From N,N'-bis(p-toluenesulfony!)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane
• This example demonstrates the ability of a representative example of the claimed ligands to inhibit replication of various bacteria in vitro.
• N,N',N"-tris(dihydroxyphosphorylmethyl)- 1 ,4,7-triazacyclononane was prepared as described in Example 1 C in U.S. Patent No. 5,236,695. Studies were performed to determine its ability to inhibit bacterial growth. For Streptococcus hemo/yticus, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined to be 0. 1 5mM/L. For Enterococcus fecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinobacter anitratus the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined to be 0.3mM/L.
• This example demonstrates the ability of a representative example of the claimed ligands to inhibit mycotic (fungal) cell replication in vitro.
• N,N',N"-tris(dihydroxyphosphorylmethyl)-1 ,4,7-triazacyclononane was prepared as described in Example 1 C in U.S. Patent No. 5,236,695. Studies were performed to determine its ability to inhibit growth of mycotic 10 (fungal) organisms.
• the minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.233 mM/L or less.
• the minimal inhibitory concentration was 2.33 mM/L.
• Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsuras and Trichophyton violaceum the L5 minimal inhibitory concentration was 23.3 mM/L.
• N,N',N"-Tris(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)- 1 ,4,7-Triazacyclononane (Example 1 .3.6. 1 3) at a concentration of 0.04 mM/L inhibited BGM cell growth 0 and at a concentration of 0.1 6 mM/L inhibited HFF cell growth.
• Diethylene triamine penta acetic acid at a concentration of 0.075 mM/L inhibited BGM cell growth and at 0.3 mM/L inhibited HFF cell growth.
• This example demonstrates the relative lack of toxicity of a representative example of the claimed ligands toward nonproliferating mammalian cells in vitro.
• N,N',N"-tris(dihydroxyphosphorylmethyl)-1 ,4,7- triazacyclononane was prepared as described in Example 1 C in U.S. Patent No. 5,236,695.
• HFF human foreskin fibroblasts
• This example illustrates the low in vivo toxicity of a representative ligand administer intravenously to mice.
• mice receiving 4.0mM/kg intravenously of the sodium salt of N,N', "-tris-(dihydroxyphosphorylmethyl)-1 ,4,7-triazacyclononane (Example 1 C in U.S. Patent No. 5,236,695) as a single intravenous dose survived for over 14 days following such administration demonstrating that the acute LD50 of this agent is in excess of 4mM/kg.
• This in vivo LD50 toxicity dose results in an instantaneous in vivo concentration which is orders of magnitude greater than the dose of this agent which inhibits mammalian cell replication in vitro (0.009mM/L).
• This example demonstrates the relatively low subacute toxicity of a representative ligand administered intravenously in repeated doses to rats.
• the weights of the animals were recorded three times per week and the animals were sacrificed on the 28th day, major organs removed and weighed and tissues removed for microscopic examination. There was no statistically significant difference in weight or rate of weight gain between the experimental and control group of rats, either during the period of injections or in the two-week post-injection period. There were no differences observed between the weights of major organs of the experimental vs. the control group. There were no differences between the tissues of the experimental vs. the control group upon microscopic examination of the tissues obtained at the time of necropsy.
• underarm odor demonstrated less underarm odor in the treated axilla than in the control.
• a single application of the agent resulted in decreased underarm odor for up to one week following application.
• Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) secreted by cells into growth media was separated by gel electrophoresis into its distinct band. Incubation in developing medium without and with varying concentrations of salts of N,N',N"-tri(dihydroxyphosphoryl methyl)-1 ,4,7-triazacyclononane demonstrated that less than 10 microM concentrations of the agent inhibited enzymatic action.
• MMP-2 Matrix metalloproteinase-2
• N-methyl-N',N"-bis(dihydroxyphorylmethyl)-1 ,4,7- triazacyclononane was evaluated employing published methods as published in J. Natl. Cancer Inst, 83:757-766, 1991.
• concentration of agent that caused 50% inhibition of cell replication relative to controls [GI 50 ] were determined.
• the mean midpoint of GI 50 for all cell lines tested was (10) "4 - 72 with a delta value of (10) 295 and a range of (10) 367 .
• leukemia and colon cancer cells were more sensitive to the agent than were other cancer cells.
• Examples 6-9 demonstrate the utility of the subject agents in cosmetics and personal care products.
• Example 6 demonstrates utility in inhibiting development of body odors thus demonstrating the usefulness of the agents in deodorant products.
• Example 7 demonstrates the ability of the subject agents to inhibit growth of Strep. Sobrinus, an example of a microorganism implicated in tooth decay, thereby demonstrating the utility of the subject agents in oral care products.
• Example 8 demonstrates the ability of the subject agents to inhibit chemical oxidation and Example 9 demonstrates that when Fe(lll) is complexed by these agents it no longer can catalyze hydroxyl free radical formation. Examples 8 and 9 together demonstrate the utility of these agents as inhibitors of oxidative damage in skin and hair personal care products.
• Example 10 demonstrates that the subject agents can inhibit metalloenzyme activity for enzymes containing first transition series elements.
• Example 11 demonstrates that the subject agents can inhibit hypoxia/reperfusion tissue injury. This finding is also supported by Examples 9 and 10 since hypoxia/reperfusion injury is believed, at least in part, to be caused by tissue damage caused by free radicals and by action of matrix metalloproteinases.

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