WO2001051140A1 - A playing field for soccer and other sportive games and processes of manufacturing such playing fields - Google Patents
A playing field for soccer and other sportive games and processes of manufacturing such playing fields Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001051140A1 WO2001051140A1 PCT/RO2000/000013 RO0000013W WO0151140A1 WO 2001051140 A1 WO2001051140 A1 WO 2001051140A1 RO 0000013 W RO0000013 W RO 0000013W WO 0151140 A1 WO0151140 A1 WO 0151140A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C19/00—Design or layout of playing courts, rinks, bowling greens or areas for water-skiing; Covers therefor
Definitions
- the hexagonal polygon shaped playing field eliminates the above mentioned defects due to its complexity which allows the simultaneous match between three teams, being provided with a central point framed by the central circle, which forms the centre of the playing field from which this one divides itself in three equal parts (one for each team) through the three median line segments (equal and staggered one to another by 120° angles).
- the playing field is exteriorly delimited through three margin lines alternated by three post lines. On each of these three post lines (identically to the actual classic playing field between two teams) a gate (post) is placed and the post area, the penalty area, the penalty point are marked.
- the intersections of the post lines with the margin lines (in 120° angles) are marked through six arcs of circle and compulsory flags.
- the intersections of the median line extremities with the margin lines half may be marked by three median line extremities flags (not compulsory).
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Abstract
The invention relates to a playing field for soccer and other sportive games (handball, volleyball, basketball, grass and ice hockey, football, rugby, field and table tennis) and to the processes for obtaining and manufacturing such playing fields, in the purpose of increasing the complexity, spectacular, creativity, therefore the public, specialists, media and business interest, without operating any essential modifications to the essential soccer rules as established by FIFA and authorized by IFAB. The playing field, according to this invention, allows simultaneously games between three or four teams to take place, the field being conceived accordingly to a process which consists of applying an algorithm, easy to be applied both on new venues and existing venues of fields, sportive arrangements, functioning stadiums. The invention completes, refreshes and does not exclude the actual classic sportive games between two teams and because of its spectacularly, creativity and high interest it will contribute to re-launching the international and national sportive movement.
Description
A playing field for soccer and other sportive games and processes of manufacturing such playing fields
The present invention relates to a playing field for soccer and other sportive games and processes for manufacturing and obtaining such playing fields in the purpose of increasing the complexity, spectacular, the average number of goals, creativity and therefore the public, specialists, media and business interest without operating any essential modifications to the essential soccer rules as established by FIFA and authorized by IFAB. The playing field and the processes of manufacturing and obtaining such playing fields may be applied in other sportive games than soccer as well: handball, volleyball, basketball, grass and ice hockey, football, rugby, tennis, so on, according to their regulations and particularity.
The soccer playing field hitherto in common use is rectangle shaped and lined marked as part of the field, which it delimits it. The field is exteriorly delimited through two margin lines and two post lines and divided by the median line in two equal field halfs, the mid of the median line representing the centre of the playing field.
A gate is placed mid of each post line. The length of margin lines is, in any case, bigger than the length of the post lines, each of them having maximum and minimum limits for all playing fields types (broadly, for international games as well). Each extremity of the field halfs has, delimited by some lines, a post (gate) area, a penalty area and a penalty point, which is also the centre of the outer penalty area arc of circle. The margin lines intersect the post lines, according to 90° angles, in four points representing the corners of the field, marked by compulsory corner flags and corner arcs of circle. The extremities of the median line intersect the mid of the margin lines according to 90° angles in two points which can be marked with median line extremity flags.
The shape and dimensions (minimum and maximum ones) of all soccer playing fields (for international matches as well) according to Law 1of the Matches Laws /1 / are shown in the Fig. 1 - 5 of the works /3 - 6/ and in Tables 1 and 2 (columns 4 - 7), and those of a handball playing field are illustrated in Fig, 1 of the work 111. Additionally to the Law 1 - Playing field from the Playing Laws IM, the following Fig.1 - 5 from the works /3 - 6/ and Tables 1 and 2 contain the values of some new indicators:
- St - the total surface of the playing field, m2,
- Se - the ratio between the total surface St of the playing field and the teams number ne, m2/e
- Sj - the ratio between the total surface St of the playing field and the players number nj, m2/j
- Lc - the length of the playing field through its centre (the length of the playing field passing through the centre point and penalty points is equal with the length of the margin lines for the common playing field; respectively the length of the playing field passing through the centre point and two penalty points, for the playing field according to the invention), m.
These new indicators have been used both in the manufacturing and obtaining processes of the playing field according to this invention and in comparison of the said field with the actual classic soccer playing field.
The soccer playing field hitherto in common use assures the practice of the actual soccer game between two teams, which takes place according to the Playing Laws established by FIFA and authorised by IFAB /1 , 2/ and which enjoys a large spreading and huge popularity around the world, being known as "the king of sports", " universal sport".
The actual classic soccer game according to the Playing Laws IM takes place between two teams, each formed of 11 players - one goalkeeper and 10 field players - usually distributed in three compartments with different tasks and attributes: the defence compartment, the midfield compartment and the attack compartment, the number of the players allocated to each compartment being determined by the playing system adopted
by each team. The players role, the organization and the display of the actual classic soccer game are described in numerous works in the field /1 , 2, 8 - 12/ . Despite all known and well-established qualities, which made it be known as "the king of sports", one can say the actual classic soccer have some real defects, such as:
- the complexity, spectacular and creativity are limited and beneath the physical and tactical possibilities of the players and technical leaders, due to the fact the development of the soccer has reached a point hard to be surpassed and which can create a certain pattern, limitation and obstruction, which can only be resolved by using new solutions according to the present invention able to re - launch the soccer creative dimension by creating new technical - tactical and even strategic possibilities;
- the impossibility of checking and making a quick difference, through direct simultaneous confrontation of some winner teams value, in case of doubts regarding the achieved classification;
- the impossibility of reducing the tournaments duration, if required.
In view of these defects, the playing field for soccer and other sportive games, according to the present invention, is so devised that the playing field is more complex, allowing the progress of a soccer match and other sportive games, simultaneously, between three or four teams without any essential alterations of the soccer Playing Laws IM established by FIFA and authorised by IFAB or any other sportive playing Rules, above mentioned, except increasing the complexity and spectacular dimension of the said games.
The playing field according to the present invention for the simultaneous game between three, respectively four teams is identical with the actual classic playing field between two teams as far as the principal mentioned indicators are involved:
- Se - the ratio between the total surface St of the playing field and the teams number ne, m2/e,
- Sj - the ratio between the total surface St of the playing field and the players number nj, m2/j,
- the dimensions and the mark of the: post lines, posts, post (gates) areas, penalty areas, penalty points, corner flags, median line extremity flags, corner arcs of circle, outer penalty fields arcs of circle, central circle,
- the lines mark and the notation, the noting and mark area of the playing field.
The soccer playing field for simultaneous matches is polygonal shaped:
- star polygon having three arms staggered one to each other with 120°, or
- hexagonal polygon (hexagon), the three segments of the median line being staggered one to each other with 120° each of the said polygonal shaped playing fields being used depending on availability and according to the contest's rules.
The three armed star polygon shaped playing field eliminates the above mentioned defects due to its complexity which allows the simultaneous matches between three teams, being provided with a central point framed by the central circle, which forms the centre of the playing field from which this one divides itself in three equal parts (one for each team) through the three median line segments (equal and staggered one to another by 120° angles). The playing field is exteriorly delimited through three margin lines (each consisting of two halfs which intersects each other in 120° angles) alternated by three post lines. On each of these three post lines (identically to the actual classic playing field between two teams) a gate (post) is placed and the post area, the penalty area, the penalty point are marked. The intersections of the post lines with the margin lines (in 90° angles) are marked through six arcs of circle and compulsory flags. The intersections of the median line extremities with the margin lines half may be marked by three median line extremities flags (not compulsory).
The hexagonal polygon shaped playing field eliminates the above mentioned defects due to its complexity which allows the simultaneous match between three teams, being provided with a central point framed by the central circle, which forms the centre of the playing field from which this one divides itself in three equal parts (one for each team) through the three median line segments (equal and staggered one to another by 120°
angles). The playing field is exteriorly delimited through three margin lines alternated by three post lines. On each of these three post lines (identically to the actual classic playing field between two teams) a gate (post) is placed and the post area, the penalty area, the penalty point are marked. The intersections of the post lines with the margin lines (in 120° angles) are marked through six arcs of circle and compulsory flags. The intersections of the median line extremities with the margin lines half may be marked by three median line extremities flags (not compulsory).
The soccer playing field for simultaneous matches between four teams is also polygonal shaped:
- four armed cross polygon, the arms being staggered at 90°, or
- octagonal polygon (octagon), with the four segments of the median line staggered at 90°, each of the said octagonal shaped playing fields being used depending on availability and according to the contest's rules.
The four armed cross polygon shaped playing field eliminates the above mentioned defects due to its complexity which allows the simultaneous match between four teams, being provided with a central point which is the centre of the playing field, framed by the central circle, from which this playing field divides itself in four equal parts (one for each team) through the four median line segments (equal and staggered one to another by 90° angles). The playing field is exteriorly delimited through four margin lines (each consisting of two halfs which intersects each other in 90° angles) alternated by four post lines. On each of these four post lines (identically to the actual classic playing field between two teams) a gate (post) is placed and the post area, the penalty area, the penalty point are marked. The intersections of the post lines with the margin lines (in 90° angles) are marked through eight arcs of circle and compulsory flags. The intersections of the median line extremities with the margin lines half may be marked by four median line extremities flags (not compulsory).
The octagonal polygon shaped playing field eliminates the above mentioned defects due to its complexity which allows the simultaneous match between four teams, being provided with a central point which is the centre of the playing field, framed by the central circle, from which this playing field divides itself in four equal parts (one for each team) through the four median line segments (equal and staggered one to another by 90° angles). The playing field is exteriorly delimited through four margin lines alternated by four post lines. On each of these four post lines (identically to the actual classic playing field between two teams) a gate (post) is placed and the post area, the penalty area, the penalty point are marked. The intersections of the post lines with the margin lines (in 135° angles) are marked through eight arcs of circle and compulsory flags. The intersections of the median line extremities with the margin lines half may be marked by four median line extremities flags (not compulsory).
The form and the dimensions of all soccer playing fields types for simultaneous matches between three, respectively four teams, according to the present invention, are shown in Fig. 6 - 25 of the works /3 - 6/ and Tables 1 and 2 (columns 8 - 14), and the form and the dimensions of all soccer playing fields types for simultaneous matches between three, respectively four teams, according to the present invention, are illustrated in Fig. 2 H - 5 H of the work 7
The processes of obtaining such playing fields for soccer and other sportive games, according to the present invention, consist of applying the following algorithm (rules): a) Because of geometric reasons (and in spite of the classic traditional rectangular shaped soccer playing field for matches between two teams) the shape of the playing field designed for simultaneous matches between three teams will be either:
- star polygon having three arms staggered one to each other with 120°, or
- hexagonal polygon (hexagon), with the three segments of the median line staggered at 120°, each of the said polygonal shaped playing fields being used depending on availability and according to the contest's rules.
b) Because of the same geometric reasons (and in spite of the classic traditional rectangular shaped soccer playing field for matches between two teams) the shape of the playing field designed for simultaneous matches between three teams will be either:
- four armed cross polygon, the arms being staggered at 90°, or
- octagonal polygon (octagon), with the four segments of the median line staggered at 90°, each of the said polygonal shaped playing fields being used depending on availability and according to the contest's rules. c) For the actual classic soccer and other sportive games playing field the values of the indicators, which are calculated, are:
- St - the total surface of the playing field, (St= Length x Width), m2
- Se - the ratio between the total surface of the playing field and the team number, (Se=St/nβ), m2/e
- Sj - the ration between the total surface of the playing field and the players' number, (Sj= St/nj), m2/j. d) For the simultaneous matches of three or four teams soccer and other sportive games playing field the values of the St indicator (the total surface of the playing field, m2) are calculated by multiplying the teams number with the value of the Se indicator (calculated for the actual classic soccer and other sportive games playing field) (St= nexSβ). e) In order to maintain the identical geometric conditions for both two soccer team matches and three, respectively four soccer teams matches, the values of the following indicators and parameters are maintained identical:
- Se - the ratio between the total surface of the playing field and the team number, m2/e'
- Sj - the ration between the total surface of the playing field and the players' number, m2/j,
- the length of the post lines, m,
- the mark and the dimensions of the post lines, posts, post area, penalty point, penalty area, arc of circle from the penalty point, compulsory corner flags, corner arcs of circle, mark of the post lines (not compulsory)'
- the mark and the notations of the margin lines, post lines, median line, centre of the field, central circle, posts areas, penalty areas, penalty point arcs of circle, compulsory corner flags, median line extremity flags (not compulsory), corner arcs of circle, post lines marks (not compulsory). f) The other dimensions of the simultaneous matches of three respectively four teams soccer and other sportive games playing field are calculated through known maths methods, according to the algorithm based on the above mentioned primary data.
The process of manufacturing of the playing field according to the present invention consists of more phases for soccer and of some similar ones for other sportive games:
- picking up a new adequate playing field or some existing playing fields or stadiums;
- marking the centre of the playing field from which the central circle with the known radius is traced, according to the Law 1 1M; in case of the existing playing fields or stadiums, the orientation of the playing field for simultaneous three teams match is extremely important (due to its complex symmetry) so its manufacture to be achieved with minimum efforts and alterations
- tracing, from the centre of the field, segments of median line, equal between them and with given length, calculated according to the algorithm:
-3 segments of median line, in case of playing fields for simultaneous matches between three teams, staggered one to another in 120° -4 segments of median line, in case of playing fields for simultaneous matches between four teams, staggered one to another in 90°
- the exterior delimiting of the playing field by tracing:
-the margin lines, with known shapes and dimensions, equal between them according to each case, calculated according to the algorithm, -the post lines, with known dimensions, equal between them according to each case, according to the Law 1 IM. On the middle of each line post a gate is installed and are traced the post area, the penalty point, the penalty area, the arc of circle from the penalty point, the compulsory comer flags, the corner arcs of circle, the marks (not compulsory), extremity flags of the median line (not compulsory), all according to the Law 1 1M as dimensions and marks.
Four preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying tables drawings in which:
- Fig. 1 shows the soccer playing field for simultaneous matches between three teams star polygon shaped having three arms staggered one to each other with 120°;
- Fig. 2 shows the soccer playing field for simultaneous matches between three teams hexagonal polygon (hexagon) shaped, the three segments of the median line being staggered one to each other with 120°;
- Fig. 3 shows the soccer playing field for simultaneous matches between four teams, four armed cross polygon shaped, the arms being staggered at 90°;
- Fig. 4 shows the soccer playing field for simultaneous matches between four teams octagonal polygon (octagon) shaped, with the four segments of the median line staggered at 90°.
- Table 1 shows the dimensional comparative characteristics of the actual classic soccer playing field for two teams respectively, according to the invention, for three teams;
- Table 2 shows the dimensional comparative characteristics of the actual classic soccer playing field for two teams respectively, according to the invention, for four teams.
In a first preferred embodiment the three armed star polygon shaped soccer field for simultaneous matches between three teams, according to the invention as shown in the Fig. 1 consists of a playing field 1 the three armed star polygon shaped divided by the three equal segments of the median line a in three equal areas b (one for each team). The three equal segments of the median line a intersect each other in 120° α angles in point c which represents the centre of the field. The playing field is delimited by three equal margin lines d and three equal alternated post lines e with lengths according to the Law 1 IM. The margin lines d are each formed of two equal segments which intersects each other at their middle in 120° β angles. The margin lines d intersect post lines e in 90° γ angles in six points which represent the field corners marked by flags 2 in the corners (compulsory) and arcs of circle f. The three extremities of the median lines a intersect the middle of the three margin lines d in 120° δ angles in three points which may be marked by three median line extremities flags (not compulsory). At the middle of each three post lines e is placed a gate 4, according to Law 1 1M. In front of each gate 4 are marked a post area g and a penalty area h. Between the two frontal delimiting lines of the post area g and of the penalty area h, on the axe of the gate, it is traced the penalty point i which is the centre of the arc of circle j. Two (not compulsory) marks k may be traced on the post line e. The central circle I is traced from the centre c of the field.
In a second preferred embodiment the soccer playing field for simultaneous matches between three teams hexagonal polygon (hexagon) shaped according to the invention as shown in the Fig. 2 consists of a playing field 5 hexagonal polygon shaped divided by the three equal segments of the median line m in three equal areas n (one for each team). The three equal segments of the median line m intersect each other in 120° α angles in central point c which represents the centre of the field. The playing field is delimited by three equal margin lines o and three equal alternated post lines e with lengths according to the Law 1 IM. The margin lines o intersect post lines e in 120° ε angles in six points which represent the field corners marked by flags 2 in the corners (compulsory) and arcs of circle f. The three extremities of the median lines m intersect the middle of the three margin lines o in 90° ζ angles in three points which may be
marked by the median line extremities flags 3 (not compulsory). At the middle of each three post lines e is placed a gate 4, according to Law 1 1M. In front of each gate 4 are marked a post area g and a penalty area h. Between the two frontal delimiting lines of the post area g and of the penalty area h, on the axe of the gate, it is traced the penalty point i which is the centre of the arc of circle j. Two (not compulsory) marks k may be traced on the post line e. The central circle I is traced from the centre c of the field.
In a third preferred embodiment the soccer playing field for simultaneous matches between four teams, four armed cross polygon shaped according to the invention as shown in the Fig. 3 consists of a playing field 6 four armed cross polygon shaped, divided by the four equal segments of the median line p in four equal areas r (one for each team). The four equal segments of the median line p intersect each other in 90° η angles in central point c which represents the centre of the field. The playing field is delimited by four equal margin lines s and four equal alternated post lines e. The four margin lines s are each formed of two equal segments which intersect each other at their middle in 90° θ angles. The extremities of the margin line s intersect post lines e in 90° i angles in eight points which represent the field comers marked by flags 2 in the corners (compulsory), and arcs of circle f. The four extremities of the median line p intersect the middle of the four margin lines in 135° angles in four points which may be marked by flags, the median line extremities flags 3 (not compulsory). At the middle of each four post lines e is placed a gate 4, according to Law 1 IM. In front of each gate 4 are marked a post area g and a penalty area h. Between the two frontal delimiting lines of the post area g and of the penalty area h, on the axe of the gate, it is traced the penalty point i which is the centre of the arc of circle j. Two (not compulsory) marks k may be traced on the post line e. The central circle I is traced from the centre c of the field.
In a fourth preferred embodiment the soccer playing field for simultaneous matches between four teams, octagonal polygon shaped according to the invention as shown in the Fig. 4 consists of a playing field 7 octagonal polygon shaped, divided by the four equal segments of the median line t in four equal areas u (one for each team). The four
equal segments of the median line t intersect each other in 90° η angles in central point c which represents the centre of the field. The playing field is delimited by four equal margin lines v and four equal alternated post lines e. The four margin lines v intersect with the post lines e in 135 ° λ angles in eight points which represent the field corners marked by flags 2 in the comers (compulsory), and arcs of circle f. The four extremities of the median line t intersect the middle of the four margin lines v in 90° JJ. angles in four points which may be marked by flags, the median line extremities flags 3 (not compulsory). At the middle of each four post lines e is placed a gate 4, according to Law 1 IM. In front of each gate 4 are marked a post area g and a penalty area h. Between the two frontal delimiting lines of the post area g and of the penalty area h, on the axe of the gate, it is traced the penalty point i which is the centre of the arc of circle j. Two (not compulsory) marks k may be traced on the post line e. The central circle I is traced from the centre c of the field.
The indicators values Se, Sj, length and the mark of the post line e and gate 4, the delimiting and marking of the: post area g, penalty area h, penalty point i, compulsory comer flags 2, extremity flags 3 of the median line, corner arcs of circle f , arcs of circle j and central circle I are identical both for the actual classic soccer field between two teams and for soccer field for simultaneous matches between three, respectively four teams according to the invention and embodiments 1 - 4 and the Law 1 of the Playing Laws hi (see Tables 1 and 2).
The identity of these value assures, for all the cases according to the invention, the prerequisites of an unaltered soccer game compared with the actual classic game between two teams, except increasing the complexity, creativity and spectacular aspect of the game.
The soccer game taking place on a playing field according to the present invention takes place according to the actual classic Playing Laws between two teams, with minor formal alterations in the purpose of being in agreement with the new situation created on the playing field when playing three, respectively four teams when there will be:
- "three field third parts" respectively "four field fourth parts" instead of "two field half parts";
- "three teams" respectively "four teams" instead of "two teams";
- "three assistant referees" respectively "four assistant referees" instead of "two assistant referees" (one for each margin line);
- a "fifth official" respectively a "sixth official" instead of the "fourth official";
- each team will have "two adverse teams" respectively "three adverse teams" instead of one "adverse team";
- each match will have "three half respectively "four half instead of "two half
- each match will have "two pauses" respectively "three pauses" instead of "one pause";
- in case of prolongations, each match will have "three half of prolongations" respectively "four half of prolongations" instead of "two half of prolongations" , provided with the respectively pauses.
Similar to the actual soccer matches between two teams, each team playing simultaneously will consists of 11 players, one goalkeeper and 10 field players generally distributed in three compartments with specific tasks and attributes, the number of player from each compartment being determined by the system adopted by each team, meaning:
- the defence department (back line) consisting of 2 - 3 players named defenders in charge with stopping and de - organizing the adverse strikers actions pursuing to score a goal, and also entitled to pass the ball to the other players of their team in order to launch attack actions;
- intermediate compartment (midfield line) consisting of 3 - 4 players named midfielders in charge with preventing the adverse attackers to approach the gate area and also entitled with providing balls and phases to the attack line;
- front compartment (attack line) consisting of 5- 4 players named strikers (attackers) in charge with getting to the adverse gates and scoring goals.
The role of the players, as well as the structure and the progress of the simultaneous soccer match between three respectively four teams are identical with those of actual classic soccer match between two teams /1,2,β - 12/. Furthermore, due to the obvious increasing of the complexity of the soccer field and of the soccer match between three, respectively four teams and to the large possibilities of tactical - technical and even strategic (in the good meaning of the notion) actions, with the possibility of new playing systems and new tactical - technical schemes, will increase the possibilities of a creative game, the complexity, spectacular, the average number of goals, creativity and therefore the public, specialists, media and business interest.
The invention has numerous advantages as such:
- allows the increasing of complexity and spectacular aspect of soccer and other sportive games (handball, volleyball, basketball, grass and ice hockey, football, rugby, tennis, so on);
- significantly decrease of the tournaments periods;
- re - launch the creativeness of the players and of the sportive games;
- a simple process of manufacturing and obtaining such playing fields.
Claims
1. A playing field according to the invention characterised in that, in the purpose of simultaneous soccer match between three teams, its area (1) is three armed star polygon shaped divided by the three equal segments of the median line (a) (which intersect each other in 120° (α) angles in the centre (c) of the field) in three equal areas (b) (one for each team), the playing field being exteriorly delimited by three equal margin lines (d) (each formed of two equal segments which intersects each other at their middle in 120° (β) angles) and three equal alternated post lines (e) each being provided at extremities with two (not compulsory) marks (k) and with a gate (4) placed in the middle; the extremities of the margin lines (d) intersect the post lines (e) in 90° (γ) angles in six points which represent the field corners marked by flags (2) in the corners (compulsory) and arcs of circle (f); the extremities of the median lines (a) intersect the middle of the margin lines (d) in 120° (δ) angles in three points which may be marked by median line extremities flags (3) (not compulsory); in front of each gate (4) are lined marked a post area (g), a penalty area (h) and the penalty point (i) which is the centre of the arc of circle Q); the central circle (I) is traced from the centre (c) of the field.
2. A playing field according to invention and claim 1 characterised in that, in the purpose of simultaneous soccer match between three teams, its area (5) is hexagonal polygon shaped divided by the three equal segments of the median line (m) (which intersect each other in 120° (α) angles in the centre (c) of the field) in three equal areas (n) (one for each team); the playing field is exteriorly delimited by three equal margin lines (o) and three equal post lines (e) each being provided at extremities with two (not compulsory) marks (k) and with a gate (4) placed in the middle; the margin lines (o) intersect the post lines (e) in 120° (ε) angles in six points which represent the field corners marked by flags (2) in the corners (compulsory) and the arcs of circle (f); the extremities of the median lines (m) intersect the middle of the three margin lines (o) in 90° (ζ) angles in three points which may be marked by median line extremities flags (3) (not compulsory); in front of each gate (4) are lined marked a post area (g) a penalty
area (h) and the penalty point (i) which is the centre of the arc of circle (j); the central circle (I) is traced from the centre (c) of the field.
3. A playing field according to invention characterised in that, in the purpose of simultaneous soccer match between four teams, its area (6) is four armed cross polygon shaped divided by the four equal segments of the median line (p) (which intersect each other in 90° (η) angles in the centre (c) of the field) in four equal areas (r) (one for each team); the playing field is exteriorly delimited by four equal margin lines (s) (each formed of two equal segments which intersect each other at their middle in 90° (θ) angles) and four equal post lines (e) each being provided at extremities with two (not compulsory) marks (k) and with a gate (4) placed in the middle; the extremities of the margin line (s) intersect the post lines (e) in 90° (i) angles in eight points which represent the field comers marked by flags (2) in the comers (compulsory), and arcs of circle (f); the extremities of the median line (p) intersect the middle of the margin lines (s) in 135° (K) angles in four points which may be marked by median line extremities flags (3) (not compulsory); in front of each gate (4) are lined marked a post area (g) a penalty area (h) and the penalty point (i) which is the centre of the arc of circle (j); the central circle (I) is traced from the centre (c) of the field.
4. A playing field according to invention and claim 3 characterised in that, in the purpose of simultaneous soccer match between four teams, its area (7) is octagonal polygon shaped, divided by the four equal segments of the median line (t) (which intersect each other in 90° (η) angles in the centre (c) of the field) in four equal areas (u) (one for each team); the playing field is exteriorly delimited by four equal margin lines (v) and four equal post lines (e) each being provided at extremities with two (not compulsory) marks (k) and with a gate (4) placed in the middle;, the margin lines (v) intersect with the post lines (e) in 135 ° (λ) angles in eight points which represent the field corners marked by flags (2) in the corners (compulsory), and arcs of circle (f); the four extremities of the median line (t) intersect the middle of the four margin lines (v) in 90° (μ) angles in four points which may be marked by median line extremities flags (3) (not compulsory); in front of each gate (4) are lined marked a post area (g) a penalty
area (h) and the penalty point (i) which is the centre of the arc of circle (j); the central circle (I) is traced from the centre (c) of the field.
5. A playing area according to claim 1 - 4 characterised in that in all cases according to the preferred embodiments 1 - 4 of the invention for the same type of fields (generally speaking and for internationally games) the length of the post lines (e) are equal to those of the actual classic soccer field.
6. A playing area according to claim 1 - 4 characterised in that in all cases according to the preferred embodiments 1 - 4 of the invention for all type of games (generally speaking and for internationally games) the structure, form and dimensions of the gates (4), of the median line extremities flags (3), of the corner flags (2), of the arcs of circles (f, j) and of the central circle (I) are identical between them and with those of the actual classic soccer field.
7. A playing area according to claim 1 - 4 characterised in that in all cases according to the preferred embodiments 1 - 4 of the invention for all type of games (generally speaking and for internationally games) the delimiting and marking by means of points and lines of the post area (g), the penalty area (h), the penalty point (i) and not compulsory marks (k) are identical between them and with those of the actual classic soccer field.
8. A playing area according to claim 1 - 4 characterised in that in all cases according to the preferred embodiments 1 - 4 of the invention at the same type of field, the values of the new indicators:
- Se - the ratio between the total surface of the playing field and the team number (Se=St/ne), m2/e
- Sj - the ration between the total surface of the playing field and the players' number (Sj= St/nj), m2/j, are equal with those of the actual classic soccer field between two teams.
9. Process of obtaining the playing field according to the invention and claims 1 - 4, characterised in that it consists of applying the following algorithm: a) Because of geometric reasons the shape of the soccer field (and other playing fields) designed for simultaneous matches between three teams will be either:
- star polygon having three arms staggered one to each other with 120°, or
- hexagonal polygon (hexagon), with the four segments of the median line staggered at 120° (α) angles, each of the said polygonal shaped playing fields being used depending on availability and according to the contest's rules. b) Because of the same geometric reasons the shape of the soccer field (and other playing fields) designed for simultaneous matches between four teams will be either:
- four armed cross polygon, the arms being staggered at 90°, or
- octagonal polygon (octagon), with the four segments of the median line staggered at 90° (η) angles, each of the said polygonal shaped playing fields being used depending on availability and according to the contest's rules. c) For the actual classic soccer and other sportive games playing field the values of the indicators, which are calculated, are:
- St - the total surface of the playing field (St= Length x Width), m2,
- Se - the ratio between the total surface of the playing field and the team number, (Se=St/ne), m2/e
- S, - the ration between the total surface of the playing field and the players' number (Sj= S-Jn,), m2/j. d) For the simultaneous matches of three or four teams soccer and other sportive games playing field the values of the St indicator are calculated by multiplying the teams number (ne) with the value of the Se indicator (calculated for the actual classic soccer and other sportive games playing field) (St= nexSe), m2. e) In order to maintain the identical geometric conditions for both two soccer team matches and three, respectively four soccer teams matches, the values of the following indicators and parameters are maintained identical:
- Se - the ratio between the total surface of the playing field and the team number, m2/e'
- Sj - the ration between the total surface of the playing field and the players' number, m2/j,
- the length of the post lines, m,
- the mark and the dimensions of the post lines, posts (gates), post area, penalty point, penalty area, the median line extremities flags (not compulsory), arc of circle from the penalty point, compulsory corner flags, corner arcs of circle, central circle,
- the mark and the notations of the margin lines, post lines, posts (gates), median line, centre of the field, central circle, posts areas, penalty areas, penalty points, penalty point arcs of circle, corner areas (compulsory), median line extremity flags (not compulsory), corner arcs of circle,
- f) The other dimensions of the simultaneous matches of three respectively four teams soccer and other sportive games playing field are calculated through known maths methods, according to the algorithm based on the above mentioned primary data.
10. Process of manufacturing the playing field according to the invention and claims 1 - 4, characterised in that it consists of the following steps (phases):
- picking up a new adequate playing field or some existing playing fields or stadiums;
- establishing and marking the centre (c) of the playing field respectively the orientation of the playing field that way its manufacture to be achieved with minimum efforts and alterations;
- tracing, from the centre (c) of the field, the segments of median line with lengths calculated according to the algorithm and staggered one to another with 120° (α) angles in case of playing fields for simultaneous matches between three teams and with 90° (η) angles in case of playing fields for simultaneous matches between four teams;
- the exterior delimiting of the playing field and marking the margin lines calculated according to the algorithm and of the post lines with lengths according to the Law 1 1M;
- the delimiting and marking of the post (gate) area, penalty area, penalty point, comer arcs of circle and penalty point arcs of circle, respectively central centre according to the Law 1 / 1/
- installing, on the middle of each line post, of a gate, of the extremity flags of the median line (not compulsory) and of the marks (not compulsory) on the post lines according to the Law 1 1M .
11. A playing field for soccer and other sportive games and processes of obtaining and manufacturing such fields according to the invention and claims 1 - 10 characterised in that the shape is maintained and the dimensions, the marking of the field, lines and areas as well as the structure, the posts (gates) and flags respectively other reference points installation may be adapted for other sportive games of the above mentioned, according to their specificity and Rules.
12. A playing field for soccer and other sportive games and processes of obtaining and manufacturing such fields according to the invention and claims 1 - 11 characterised in that it may be adapted for mechanical, electronic and computer games, as well.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
IM. Legile Jocului 1997. Editie autorizatϋ de International Football Association Board.
Publicatie editata de Federatia Internationala de Fotbal Asociatie - FIFA. Hitzigweg 11,
8030 Zurich, Swissland. Sub Tngrijirea Comisiei Centrale a Arbitrilor.
121. Statute §i regulamente Ed. FRF, Bucuresti, 1997.
131. Dosar OSIM nr. A2000-00037/12.01.2000, Bucuresti.
IAI. Dosar OSIM nr. A2000-00036/12.01.2000, Bucuresti.
151. C.Coroiu, V. Enescu. Procedee, metode de crestere a complexitatii, spectaculozitatii, numarului mediu de goluri marcate, interesului publicului, specialistilor, mass media si cercurilor de afaceri pentru forbal si alte jocuri sportive. VALPROMED -
Bucuresti nr. 1/15.01.1999 - Lucrare nepublicata.
161. C.Coroiu, V. Enescu. Procedee, metode de crestere a complexitatii, spectaculozitatii, numarului mediu de goluri marcate, interesului publicului, specialistilor, mass media si cercurilor de afaceri pentru fotbal si alte jocuri sportive. VALPROMED -
Bucuresti nr. 18.1/15.01.1999 - Lucrare nepublicata.
Rl. C.Coroiu, V. Enescu. Procedee, metode de crestere a complexitatii, spectaculozitatii, interesului publicului, specialistilor, mass media si cercurilor de afaceri pentru handbal. VALPROMED - Bucuresti nr. 18.2/08.05.2000 - Lucrare predata
Federatiei Romane de Handbal Tn cadrul contractual de Licenta Neexclusiva nr. 1/2000,
Tncheiat la data de 04.04.2000.
181. N. Rosculet. Curs de fotbal. Ed. Didactica si Pedagogica Bucuresti 1963.
191. C. Simionescu. Curs de fotbal. Ed. Centr. de Mult. Bucuresti 1970.
/10Λ P. Kroner, St. Alexandru. Football - regulament comentat si adnotat. Ed. C F. S.
Bucuresti, 1950.
/11/. V. Economu. Fotbalul modern simplificat si 400 de ϊntrebari si raspunsuri, Ed.
Stadion Bucuresti, 1972.
/12Λ Ch. Manusaride, Ch. Ghenigean. Aproape totul despre fotbal. Ed. Sport - Turism
Bucuresti, 1983.
AMENDED CLAIMS
[received by the International Bureau on 26 April 2001 (26.04.01); original claims 1 -12 replaced by amended claims 1 -12 (6 pages)]
1. A playing field according to the invention characτerized in that in purpose of simultaneous football match between three teams, its area (1) is three armed star polygon shaped divided by the three equal segments cf the median line (a) (similar tc halfway line) which intersect each ether in 12CC ( c ) angles in the centre (c) of the field (centre mark)/ in three equal areas (b) (one for each team); the playing field being exteriorly delimited by three equal touch lines (d) /each formed of two equal segments which intersect each other at their middle in 12C° ( β ) angles/ and three equal alternated goal lines (e) /each being provided at extremities with two optional marks (k) and with a goal (4) placed in the middle/; the extremities of the touch lines (d) intersect the goal lines (e) in 9CC ( r ) angles in six points which represent the field comers marked by flagpostε (compulsory) (2) and corner arcs (f); the extremities of the median line (a) intersect the middle of the touch lines (d) in 120 ( £ ) angles in three point which may be marked by optional flagposts (3); in front of each goal (4) are lined marked a goal area (g), a penalty area (h), the penalty mark (i)-which is the centre of penalty arc (j); the centre circle (1) is traced from the centre of the field (c) (centre mark).
2: A playing field according to the invention and claim 1 characterized in that in the purpose cf simultaneous football match between three teamε, its area (5) is hexagonal polygon shaped divided by the three equal segments of the median line ( ) /which intersect each other in 120° ( c ) angles in the centre of the field (c) (centre mark)/ in three equal, areas (n) (one for each team); the playing field is exteriorly delimited by three equal touch lines (o) and three equal alternated goal lines (e) /each being provided at extremities w th two optional marks (k) and a goal (4) placed in the middle/; the touch lines (o) intersect the goal lines (e) in 120° ( • ) angles in six points which represent the field corners marked by corner flagposts (compulsory) (2) and corner arcs (f); the extremities of the median lines (m) intersect tnε middle of the three touch lines (o) in 90° ( "$ ) angles in three points which may be marked by optional flagposts (3); in front cf each goal (4) are lined marked a goal area (g), a penalty area (h), the penalty mark d)- which is the centre cf the penalty arc (j); the centre circle (1) traced from the centre of the field (c) (centre mark).
3. A playing field according to τne invention characterized in that in purpose of simultaneous football match between four teams its area (6) is four armed cross polygon shaped, divided by the four equal segments of the median line (p) (similar to halfway line) / whicn intersect each other m 90° ( η_ ) angles in the centre of the field (c) (centre mark)/ in four equal areas (r) (one for each team)- the playing field is exteriorly delimited by four equal touch lines (s) /each formed of two equal segments which intersect each other at their middle in 90° ( -$ ) angles/ and four equal alternated goal lines (e) /each being provided at extremities with two optional marks (k) and with a goal (4) placed in the middle/; the extremities of the touch lines (s) intersect the goal lines (e) in 90° ( C ) angles in eight points which represent the field corners marked by corner flagposts (compulsory) (2) and corner arcs (f); the extremities of the median line (p) intersect the middle of the touch lines (s) in 135 ( ) angles in four points which may be marked by optional flagposts (3); in front of each goal (4) are lined marked a goal area (g), a penalty area (h), the penalty mark (i)-which is the centre of the penalty arc (j); the centre circle (1) is traced from the centre of the field (c) (centre mark), (see Pig. 3 and Table 2).
4. A playing field according to the invention and claim 3 characterized in that purpose of simultaneous football match between four teamε, its area (7) is octagonal polygon shaped divided by the four equal segments of the median line (t) /which intersect each other in 9Θ° (η angles in the centre of the field (c) (centre mark)/ in four equal areas (u) (one for each team); the playing field is exteriorly delimited by four equal touch lines (vj and four equal alternated goal lines (e) /which being provided at extremities with two optional marks (k) and with a goal (4) placed in the middle/; the touch lines (v) intersect with the goal lines (e) in 135° (λ) angles in eight points which represent the field corners marked by corner flagposts (compulsory) (2) and corner arcs (f); the four extremities of the median line (t) intersect the middle of the four touch lines (v) in 90° ( . ) angles in four points whicn may be marked by optional flagposts .3 ) ; in front of each goal (4) are lined marκ_eα a goal area (g , a penalty area (h , the penalty mark (i)-wnich is the centre of tne penalty arc (j); the centre circle (1) is traced from the centre cf the field (c) (centre mark), (see ?i . 4 and Tab] e 2).
5. A playing area (field) according to claims l- characterized in
that in all cases according to the preferred embodiments 1-4 of the invention for same type of fields (generally and for international matches with minimum or maximum dimensions) the length of the goal lines (e) are equal to those (according to) of the traditional oot- oall fields, for two teams.
6. A playing area (field) according to claims 1-4 characterized in that in all cases according to the preferred embodiments 1-4 of the invention for all type of fields (generally and for international matches with minimum or maximum dimensions), the structure (construction), form (shape) and dimensions of the goals (4), corner flag- posts (compulsory) (2), optional flagposts (3), corner arcs (f), penalty arcs (j), centre circles (1) are identical between them and with those of traditional football fields, for two teams.
7. A playing area (field) according to claims 1-4 characterized in that in all type of fields (generally and for international matches with minimum or maximum dimensions) the delimiting and marking by lines or points of the goal areas (g), penalty areas (h), the penalty marks (1) and optional marks (k) are identical between them and with those of the traditional football fields, for two teams.
8. A playing area (field) according to claims 1-4 characterized in that in all cases according to the preferred embodiments 1-4 of the invention at the same type of fields (generally and for international matches with minimum or maximum dimensions) the values of the new indicators:
- Se-the ratio between the total s_->urface o^f the Dlaying field and the number of teams (S =S_,./n ), mVteam (mVe),
- S.-the ratio between the total surface of the playing field and
J 2 ?" the number of players (S..=S ,/n . ) , m / player (m /j ) ,
<J c J are equal with those of the traditional football fields, for two teams.
9. Process of obtaining the field of play (the playing field) according to the invention and claims 1-8 characterized in that it consists of applying the following algorithm: a) Because of geometric reasons the shape of the football field (and otner sportive playing fields) designed for simultaneous games (matches) between three teams, will be either:
- star polygon having three arms staggered one to eacn other with 120° ( p, ) angles, or
- hexagonal polygon (hexagon) with the three segments of the median line (m) staggered at 120° ( σ ) angles, each of the said polygonal shaped playing fields, being used depending on availability and according to the competition rules. b) Because of geometric reasons the shape cf the football fields (and other sporτve playing fields) designed for simultaneous games (matches) .between four teams, will be either:
- four armed cross polygon, the arms being staggered at 9C° ( ■$ ) angles, or
- octagonal polygon (octagon) with the four segments of the median line (t) staggered at 90° ( t ) angles, each of the said polygonal shaped playing shaped playing fields being used depending on availability and according to the competition rules . c) For the traditional football (and other sportive games playing fields) the values of the indicators wich are calculated are:
- St-the total surface of the playing field (St=Length x Width), 2,
- S -the ratio between the total surface of the playing field and the number of teams (s e=St/ne), m /team (m /e),
- S.-the ratio between the total surface of the laying field and the number of players (S.=S /n.), m /player (m /j),
J v J d) Four the simultaneous matches between three or four teams football ( and other sportive games ) playing fi elds , the values of the S^ indicator are calculated by multiplying the number of teamε , n with the value of the S indicator ( calculat ed for traditional football and ether sportive games playing fields ) ( 5_=r-o x S ) , , e ) In order to maintain the identi cal geome tri c conditions for both the traditional football matches Detween two teams , respectively the simultaneous football mat ches between three or four teams , the values of the following indicators and parameters are maintained identical :
- Se -the ratto betweenp the total2 surface of the ulaying fi eld and the number of teams, πT/team m /e),
- S.-the ratio between tne total surface cf the olaying field and the number of players, mVpiayer (m /j ) ,
- the length cf the goal lines, m,
- the mark (field markings) and the dimensions cf the goal lines, goals, goal areas, penalty areas, penalty marks, penalty arcs, corner flagposts (compulsory), corner arcs, optional marks,
- the mark and the notations (the names; cf the touch lines, goal lines, median lines similar to halfway lines), centre mar.ε , centre
circles, goal areas, penalty marks, penalty areas, penalty arcs, corner flagposts (compulsory), optional flagposts, corner arcs, optional marks. f) The other dimensions of the field of play for simultaneous matches of three respectively four teams football (and other sportive games) playing fields (lengths for: touch lines, median lines) are calculated through known mathematical methods according to the algorithm based on the above mentioned primary data.
10. Process cf manufacturing the field of play (the playing field) according to the present invention and claims 1-9 characterized in that it consists of more phases and some similar ones for other sportive games:
- picking up a new adequate field or some existing playing fields or stadiums,
- estabishing and marking the centre (c) cf the playing field, respectively the orientation of the playing field that way its manufacture to be achieved with minimum efforts and alterations,
- tracing from the centre of the playing field ( centre -mark) (c) the segments of the median line (similar to halfway line) (a, m, p, t) acording to the preferred embodiment 1-4 and Pig 1-4) with lengths calculated according to the algorithm and staggered one to another with 120° (cc) angles in case of playing fields for simultaneous matches between three teams and with 90° ( l ) angles in case of playing fields for simultaneous matches between four teams,
- the delimiting and marking of the goal areas (h), penalty areas (h), penalty marks (i), corner arcs (f), penalty arcs (j), centre circle (1) and optional marks (k) according to the Law 1 /If ,
- installing on the middle of each goal lines (e) of a goal, also of the corner flagposts (compulsory) (2) and the flagposts (optional) (3) according to the law 1 /l/,
- adding natural or syntethical turf to the field corners (or to some parts) of the playing fields according to invention, when these exced the turf field (area) on the existing playing fields or stadiums .
11. A playing field for football and other sportive games and processes cf obtaining-manufacturing such fields according to the invention and claims 1-10 characterized in that the shape is maintained and the dimensions, the marking of the field, lines and areas as well, as structure (construction), the goals and flagposts compulso-
ry or optional, respectively other reference marks, ooints, insta¬ llations (goals, butτs, baskets so on) may be adaoted f0- other sportive games (handball, volleyball, basketball, grass and ice ho¬ ckey, american football, rugby, lawn and table tennis so on) accord¬ ing to their specificity and Rules (Laws).
12. A playing field (-area) for football and other soortive games and processes of obtaining-manufacturing such fields, according to the invention and claims 1-H characterzed i that it may be adapted for mechanical, electronic and computer games as well.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2000273253A AU2000273253A1 (en) | 2000-01-12 | 2000-06-21 | A playing field for soccer and other sportive games and processes of manufacturing such playing fields |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ROA200000036A RO118380B1 (en) | 2000-01-12 | 2000-01-12 | Playing field for football and other sports and process for making said playing field |
| ROA200000037A RO118381B1 (en) | 2000-01-12 | 2000-01-12 | Playing field for football and other sports and process for making said playing field |
| ROA2000-00036 | 2000-01-12 | ||
| ROA2000-00037 | 2000-01-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001051140A1 true WO2001051140A1 (en) | 2001-07-19 |
Family
ID=26653583
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RO2000/000013 WO2001051140A1 (en) | 2000-01-12 | 2000-06-21 | A playing field for soccer and other sportive games and processes of manufacturing such playing fields |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2000273253A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001051140A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010019639A1 (en) * | 2010-05-06 | 2011-11-10 | Alfred Hahner | Ball Game Arena |
| ES2388516A1 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2012-10-16 | Miguel María Ibarlucea Arrieta | Track for ball games, improved. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| CN112295202A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-02-02 | 浙江绿能体育产业股份有限公司 | Intelligent multifunctional sports ground |
| CN114470727A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-13 | 安徽师范大学 | Multifunctional sports training ground |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2249729A (en) * | 1990-10-10 | 1992-05-20 | Kevin Keegan | Game apparatus |
-
2000
- 2000-06-21 AU AU2000273253A patent/AU2000273253A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-21 WO PCT/RO2000/000013 patent/WO2001051140A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2249729A (en) * | 1990-10-10 | 1992-05-20 | Kevin Keegan | Game apparatus |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2388516A1 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2012-10-16 | Miguel María Ibarlucea Arrieta | Track for ball games, improved. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| DE102010019639A1 (en) * | 2010-05-06 | 2011-11-10 | Alfred Hahner | Ball Game Arena |
| DE102010019639B4 (en) * | 2010-05-06 | 2014-03-13 | Alfred Hahner | Ball Game Arena |
| CN112295202A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-02-02 | 浙江绿能体育产业股份有限公司 | Intelligent multifunctional sports ground |
| CN114470727A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-13 | 安徽师范大学 | Multifunctional sports training ground |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2000273253A1 (en) | 2001-07-24 |
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