WO2001047309A2 - Verfahren zur steuerung einer verbindungsweiterschaltung in einem funk-kommunikationssystem - Google Patents
Verfahren zur steuerung einer verbindungsweiterschaltung in einem funk-kommunikationssystem Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001047309A2 WO2001047309A2 PCT/DE2000/004535 DE0004535W WO0147309A2 WO 2001047309 A2 WO2001047309 A2 WO 2001047309A2 DE 0004535 W DE0004535 W DE 0004535W WO 0147309 A2 WO0147309 A2 WO 0147309A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- stations
- mobile terminal
- station
- active set
- transmitter
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
- H04W36/18—Performing reselection for specific purposes for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling a connection forwarding in a radio communication system.
- a mobile radio communication system typically comprises a multiplicity of transceiver stations or base stations which exchange radio signals with mobile terminals which are within the range of these stations, and at least one administrative unit, the user data between mobile terminals which are within the range of different base stations, or mediate between a mobile device and a landline.
- a mobile terminal with a subset of these transmitters at a given time - / Receiver stations communicates by receiving user data belonging to a single call connection on different channels from several of these stations, and conversely also user data sent by the terminal device are received by these several stations.
- This subset is also called the active set.
- this inherently redundant transmission is to avoid transmission gaps if the mobile terminal leaves the range of a station with which it communicates: if it only communicates with a single station, the radio connection is broken when leaving its range, and the transmission of user data from and to the terminal can only continue when another station has been assigned to it, the user data to be transmitted to the terminal this station is switched and the terminal and new station are synchronized with each other.
- the failure of the radio connection between the mobile terminal and one of the stations does not lead to an interruption in the transmission, since the transmission continues unchanged via the other stations, while a replacement station is defined for the failed station and communication with it is built up.
- This type of station change while continuing to communicate with one or more other stations is referred to as so-called “soft” connection forwarding or English soft handover.
- the simultaneous communication with several stations means a considerable load on the switching and transmission capacity of the radio communication system.
- each active terminal uses transmission channels from several stations, the number of mobile radio subscribers that can be operated simultaneously with a given network infrastructure is of course considerably smaller than if each terminal only uses one channel of a station.
- the need to process received signals from several channels can also lead to increased power consumption in the mobile terminal and thus to a reduction in the network-independent usage time of such a terminal. It is therefore necessary to find a compromise between transmission security and the transmission capacity, which conventionally looks such that for such a radio communication system the maximum number of stations that may belong to the active set has a small value of e.g. , B. 2 or 3 is set.
- Which stations belong to the active set is decided on the basis of regularly repeated evaluations of the transmission quality between the mobile terminal and the stations which are able to communicate with it. For this purpose, the mobile terminal measures the offense radio signals from these stations. Stations that do not belong to the active set, but whose transmission quality has improved from one rating to the next than that of a station in the active set, are reported to an administrative unit that accepts them from the active set and excludes the worse station.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for controlling a soft handover, with which a high security of transmission against interruptions is achieved without the switching and transmission capacity is burdened by greatly increased redundancy, and without this to a significant increase of the energy requirements of the terminal leads.
- the mobile terminal While the mobile terminal is in an exemplary normal operating state, it is preferably checked periodically whether there is at least one station among the transceiver stations which do not belong to the active set, which in the event that a connection forwarding (handover ) must be carried out as an additional station.
- a station hereinafter referred to as the candidate station, is added to the active set if a need for a handover is determined.
- the periodic repetition of the exam is necessary to ensure that the candidate station is still suitable when this need actually arises. Communication can then be established immediately between the candidate station and the mobile terminal without losing valuable time for determining a suitable candidate station.
- the transmission quality of a radio signal originating from the mobile terminal can be recorded at the transmitter / receiver stations which do not belong to the active set, and those stations are selected as candidate stations which receive the best signal.
- the recorded transmission qualities are transmitted from the stations to an administrative unit of the radio communication system, which undertakes the selection of the candidate stations on the basis of the transmitted transmission qualities.
- the mobile terminal device can record the transmission quality of radio signals originating from transmitter / receiver stations which do not belong to the active set, and one or more transmitter
- Receiver stations that have the best transmission quality are selected as candidate stations.
- the selection can be made by the mobile terminal and signaled to an administrative unit of the radio communication system or the mobile terminal transmits the results of the registration to the administrative unit and the latter selects the candidate stations.
- This second alternative can usually be implemented with less effort than the first. Since an administrative unit is generally responsible for a large number of terminal devices, the first alternative can require considerable computing effort on the part of the administrative entity in order to compare the transmission quality delivered by the stations for each individual mobile terminal device to the individual terminal devices and select suitable candidates. If, on the other hand, according to the second alternative, the transmission qualities are recorded by the mobile terminal, the complex assignment is omitted and the administrative unit is relieved.
- the need for a handover is preferably always determined when the transmission qualities between the mobile terminal and the transmitter / receiver stations of the active quantity fall below a limit value.
- the transmission quality under consideration can be that of the upward transmission (uplin - from the mobile terminal to the station) and / or of the downward transmission (downlmk - from the station to the mobile terminal).
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a radio communication system, in particular a mobile radio system
- FIG. 2 shows the results of an evaluation of the transmission quality between a mobile terminal and the individual stations of a radio communication system
- 3a to 3c a sequence of evaluation results at different times before, during and after a handover process; 4 and 5 evaluation results at the beginning of handover processes.
- the mobile radio system shown m Fig. 1 as an example of a radio- Kom unikationssystems consists of a plurality of Mo b ilvanges slaughter MSC which are networked with one another and provide access to a fixed network PSTN. Furthermore, these mobile switching centers MSC are each connected to at least one device RNC for allocating radio resources, previously referred to as administrative entity. Each of these devices RNC in turn enables a connection to at least one base station BS. Such a base station BS can establish a connection to subscriber stations, for example mobile stations MS or other mobile and stationary terminals, via a radio interface.
- At least one radio cell is formed by each base station BS.
- An operation and maintenance center OMC implements control and maintenance functions for the mobile radio system or for parts thereof.
- the functionality of this structure can be transferred to other radio communication systems in which the invention can be used.
- Examples of such systems are the GSM and the FDD mode of the UMTS mobile radio system or mobile radio systems based on the American standard IS-95 with a CDMA subscriber separation.
- the invention relates in particular to W-CDMA systems, but is generally applicable to any radio communication system which offers the possibility of maintaining a plurality of radio connections to a single terminal on which several stations send the same user data to the terminal or from User data sent from the terminal are received and processed by several stations.
- a radio communication system with a plurality of base stations BS1, BS2, ... and a connection management unit considered.
- a mobile terminal MS moves in the geographical area covered by the base stations, at different distances from the individual base stations and with different transmission qualities between it and the base stations.
- the M transmission power p is plotted on the vertical axis of the diagram, which the mobile terminal device MS requires in order to transmit to the respective base stations BS1 ... BS5 while maintaining a given error rate.
- the BS with the lowest transmission power is considered the BS with the highest transmission quality, ie the lowest in the diagram.
- the BSI has the highest transmission quality.
- Their minimum test transmission power forms the lower limit of a tolerance interval referred to as a handover margin HO, which, for a normal operating state of the radio communication system, has a width of e.g. 5 dB.
- Further base stations BS2, BS3, BS4, BS5 lie within this interval. Any base stations with a higher Mmd test transmission power are not shown.
- the active quantity comprises a maximum of 2 elements, ie. H.
- a call connection of the mobile terminal runs simultaneously over a maximum of two base stations which send the same user data to the mobile terminal or receive from it.
- the active quantity comprises the stations BS1 and BS2, represented by a solid black dot, which require the lowest transmission power.
- the mobile terminal device checks the transmission quality of the base stations at regular intervals, how far it is, e.g. B. by measuring the reception field strength of synchronization signals that radiate the base stations continuously. This check can remain restricted to stations whose reception field strength on the mobile terminal does not fall below a given percentage of the reception field strength of the strongest station BS1. These stations are generally identical to those in the HO-Marg. In the case of FIG. 2, such a check reveals that, after the stations BS1 and BS2 of the active set, the stations BS3 and BS4 are the stations with the lowest numbers. The mobile terminal reports these two stations to the administration unit as candidate stations which were suitable for replacing the stations BS1 and BS2 if the connection to the latter should break off.
- the candidate stations are each shown as semi-massive points, while the weakest station BS5 is represented by an open circle in the diagram.
- the strengths of the individual stations can shift towards each other. If e.g. B. the E pfangssignal of BS3 becomes stronger than that of BS2, BS2 is excluded from the active set and replaced by BS3. A hysteresis is provided in order not to have to change the composition of the active quantity too often in the case of strongly changing reception conditions. B. 1 dB stronger than that of the weaker, they are exchanged for each other.
- the active set always contains base stations with a sufficiently good transmission quality, so that the occasional withdrawal of a station from the active set and its replacement by another does not impair the communication of the mobile terminal.
- the transmission quality between the mobile Endgerat and the stations of the active set is generally poor, can easily be situations where within a newspaper t tervalls between two inspections of the transmission quality connection to all stations of the active set from ⁇ tears. This risk could be reduced if a larger active quantity were allowed, ie if there was a multiple redundant transmission from and to the mobile terminal.
- it is obvious that such a solution would considerably limit the overall capacity of a radio communication system and thus drive up the costs for operators and users.
- FIGS. 3a to 3c show such a situation:
- the minimum test outputs of all stations BS1 to BS4 are significantly higher than in the case of FIG of the signal-interference ratio provides critically poor values, so that a slight further deterioration could lead to an interruption in the communication.
- the mobile terminal device sends out a special warning signal, which is intercepted by the stations of the active set BS1 and BS2 and passed on to the administrative unit.
- the radio communication system now changes to a temporary operating state, in which the number of stations that are allowed to belong to the active set is increased: the administrative unit adds the candidate stations BS3 and BS4 to the active set and transmits a corresponding message back to the mobile terminal , The mobile terminal then begins to process, in addition to the channels used by BS1 and BS2, also receive signals on those channels which the management unit has assigned to base stations BS3 and BS4, and from the signals received on these four channels to reconstruct certain useful data.
- 3b shows this temporary working O 01/47309
- 3c shows a situation at a later point in time where, based on the situation in FIG. 3b, the transmission quality of the base stations BS1 and BS2 has simultaneously deteriorated further, but that of BS3 has been significantly improved, so that it is now the strongest station and defines the location of the HO-Margm. Since BS3 has belonged to the active set since the state shown in FIG. 3b, the mobile terminal was able to communicate continuously via it, and the deterioration in the transmission quality of BS1 and BS2 has not led to any interruption in the communication. When the transmission quality is checked at the time shown in FIG. 3c, it follows that BS1 and BS2 have migrated out of the HO margin.
- the mobile terminal reports this to the administrative unit, which then excludes BS1 and BS2 from the active set, i.e. H. user data intended for the mobile terminal device is no longer forwarded to these stations.
- the active quantity now only consists of the stations BS3 and BS4, the normal operating state has thus been restored and a soft handover has been carried out.
- the return to the normal operating state was carried out by, after a predetermined duration of the temporary operating state of e.g. B. 10 seconds the mobile terminal reports the two worst stations to the administrative unit during a check of the transmission quality, whereupon the latter excludes them from the active set.
- the method can also be used with radio communication systems which provide different transmission powers of the base stations depending on the reception situation on the mobile terminal.
- the mobile devices of such a system send commands in the form of called TPC (Transmit Power Control) bits to the base stations to cause them to increase or decrease their transmit power. If a base station receives a command to reduce the transmission power from a mobile terminal in the temporary operating state, this is a sure sign that the transmission quality of this terminal is again good. The receipt of such a command is therefore also a reason for return m the normal operating state
- B 10 dB reports this to the administrative unit and starts looking for candidate stations in this enlarged HO-Margm HO x .
- the enlarged HO-Margm HO ⁇ it finds the stations BS3 and BS4 and reports them to the administrative unit.
- the management unit When the management unit now receives the warning signal from the mobile terminal, it goes into the temporary operating state by adding BS3 and BS4 to the active quantity. The return to normal operating status takes place as described above.
- the active quantity is smaller than that given here as an example. maximum value taken from 2. If the transmission quality of the station BS1 falls below a limit value, the mobile terminal extends the HO margin, as described with reference to FIG. 4. It finds station BS2 in the expanded HO-Margm HO ⁇ and reports it as a candidate station. When the warning signal is received, the management unit changes to the temporary operating state and adds BS2 to the active quantity.
- the active quantity now contains two stations, i.e. no more than is also permitted in normal operating mode.
- the maximum permissible number of base stations of the active set can be greater than 2.
- a fixed value can be specified, which can be greater than 2, but can also be 1. Instead, a maximum number of stations can be specified, which may belong to the active set in the temporary operating state. If the active quantity does not reach its maximum permissible size in the normal operating state, correspondingly more candidate stations can then be detected and added to the active quantity in the temporary operating state.
- analog measurements can also be carried out on the base stations of the active set, and the temporary operating state can be brought about if these measurements are too low Signal power, too high a bit error rate or too low signal-interference ratio result. Since each base station can only measure its own transmission quality, the measurement results are transmitted to the administrative unit, which, knowing the transmission qualities reported by the stations of the active quantity and possibly the mobile terminal, makes a decision about the transition m to the temporary operating state.
- base stations can automatically apply to the administrative unit as candidate stations for a specific terminal if they do not belong to its active set, but can receive its radio signal well. It can be provided that a base station applies primarily when its transmission capacity is poorly used. If such a station is added to the active quantity if necessary, this places less strain on the capacity of the radio communication system than in the case of a station that is under heavy load.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/168,296 US7039405B2 (en) | 1999-12-20 | 2000-12-19 | Method for controlling a connecting relay in a radio communications system |
EP00990551A EP1240802A2 (de) | 1999-12-20 | 2000-12-19 | Verfahren zur steuerung einer verbindungsweiterschaltung in einem funk-kommunikationssystem |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19961516.0 | 1999-12-20 | ||
DE19961516A DE19961516A1 (de) | 1999-12-20 | 1999-12-20 | Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Verbindungsweiterschaltung in einem Funk-Kommunikationssystem |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001047309A2 true WO2001047309A2 (de) | 2001-06-28 |
WO2001047309A3 WO2001047309A3 (de) | 2002-03-14 |
Family
ID=7933452
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2000/004535 WO2001047309A2 (de) | 1999-12-20 | 2000-12-19 | Verfahren zur steuerung einer verbindungsweiterschaltung in einem funk-kommunikationssystem |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7039405B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1240802A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19961516A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001047309A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003003761A3 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-05-15 | Qualcomm Inc | Communication system employing multiple handoff criteria |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100429534B1 (ko) * | 2001-10-29 | 2004-05-03 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 이동통신시스템의 핸드오프시 역방향 전력제어채널의전송제어를 위한 방법 및 장치 |
AU2003212004A1 (en) * | 2002-02-18 | 2003-09-04 | Sony Corporation | Wireless communication system, wireless communication device and wireless communication method, and computer program |
FI20021042A0 (fi) * | 2002-05-31 | 2002-05-31 | Sonera Oyj | Menetelmä ja ohjain tilaajapäätelaitteen aktiivisetin päivittämiseen solukkoradiojärjestelmässä |
US7818001B2 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2010-10-19 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Fine grain downlink active set control |
CN101064901B (zh) * | 2006-04-29 | 2010-09-15 | 上海贝尔阿尔卡特股份有限公司 | 无线多跳中继接入网的接入方法、中继站、基站和系统 |
US10486359B2 (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2019-11-26 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for manufacturing display apparatus, display apparatus, and film device |
US11812321B2 (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2023-11-07 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Autonomous handover on a shared communication medium |
CA3022534C (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2021-01-26 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | Methanation of anode exhaust gas to enhance carbon dioxide capture. |
KR20230011914A (ko) | 2020-03-11 | 2023-01-25 | 퓨얼셀 에너지, 인크 | 탄소 포집을 위한 증기 메탄 개질 유닛 |
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WO1995012297A1 (en) * | 1993-10-28 | 1995-05-04 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for reducing the average downlink transmitted power from base stations during soft handoff |
WO1997008911A1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-06 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | A handover method, and a cellular radio system |
WO1999004593A1 (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 1999-01-28 | Qualcomm Incorporated | A method of and apparatus for selecting base stations to communicate with a remote station |
WO1999005873A1 (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-02-04 | Northern Telecom Limited | Hand-off based upon relative pilot signal strength |
US5901354A (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 1999-05-04 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for performing soft-handoff in a wireless communication system |
WO1999060797A2 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method and system for soft handoff control based on access network capacity |
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US5508708A (en) | 1995-05-08 | 1996-04-16 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for location finding in a CDMA system |
JP2762965B2 (ja) * | 1995-09-04 | 1998-06-11 | 日本電気株式会社 | 基地局送信電力制御方式 |
JP2739850B2 (ja) * | 1995-10-11 | 1998-04-15 | 日本電気株式会社 | 移動体通信システム |
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US5987326A (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 1999-11-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Transmit power reduction for a high speed CDMA link in soft handoff |
GB2337414A (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 1999-11-17 | Fujitsu Ltd | Soft handoff in cellular communications networks |
JP3231736B2 (ja) * | 1999-05-24 | 2001-11-26 | 日本電気通信システム株式会社 | 疎結合無線基地局間通話チャネル切替システム |
-
1999
- 1999-12-20 DE DE19961516A patent/DE19961516A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-12-19 WO PCT/DE2000/004535 patent/WO2001047309A2/de active Application Filing
- 2000-12-19 EP EP00990551A patent/EP1240802A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-12-19 US US10/168,296 patent/US7039405B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
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WO1995012297A1 (en) * | 1993-10-28 | 1995-05-04 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for reducing the average downlink transmitted power from base stations during soft handoff |
WO1997008911A1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-06 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | A handover method, and a cellular radio system |
US5901354A (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 1999-05-04 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for performing soft-handoff in a wireless communication system |
WO1999004593A1 (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 1999-01-28 | Qualcomm Incorporated | A method of and apparatus for selecting base stations to communicate with a remote station |
WO1999005873A1 (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-02-04 | Northern Telecom Limited | Hand-off based upon relative pilot signal strength |
WO1999060797A2 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method and system for soft handoff control based on access network capacity |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003003761A3 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-05-15 | Qualcomm Inc | Communication system employing multiple handoff criteria |
US7058035B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2006-06-06 | Qualcomm, Indorporated | Communication system employing multiple handoff criteria |
US7505436B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2009-03-17 | Qualcomm Corporation | Communication system employing multiple handoff criteria |
KR100945697B1 (ko) * | 2001-06-29 | 2010-03-05 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | 다중 핸드오프 기준을 이용하는 통신 시스템 |
EP2169998A3 (de) * | 2001-06-29 | 2010-06-30 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Kommunikationssystem mit mehrfachen Weiterleitungskriterien |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7039405B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 |
WO2001047309A3 (de) | 2002-03-14 |
US20030013448A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
DE19961516A1 (de) | 2001-07-05 |
EP1240802A2 (de) | 2002-09-18 |
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