Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
  • A23C9/14—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment
  • A23C9/142—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment by dialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration
  • A23C9/1422—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment by dialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration by ultrafiltration, microfiltration or diafiltration of milk, e.g. for separating protein and lactose; Treatment of the UF permeate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
  • A23C9/14—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment
  • A23C9/146—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment by ion-exchange
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
  • A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
  • A23C9/156—Flavoured milk preparations ; Addition of fruits, vegetables, sugars, sugar alcohols or sweeteners
  • A23C9/1565—Acidified milk products, e.g. milk flavoured with fruit juices
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23C2240/00—Use or particular additives or ingredients
  • A23C2240/20—Inert gas treatment, using, e.g. noble gases or CO2, including CO2 liberated by chemical reaction; Carbonation of milk products

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel milk products.
• Milk and flavoured milks have received wide acceptance among consumers for centuries. Much of this acceptance has related to recognition of the valuable nutrient content of the drinks.
• Soft drinks and particularly carbonated soft drinks have also received wide acceptance based primarily on flavour, appearance and carbonation, despite a poor nutrient content.
• US Patent 4,676,988 discloses a process in which milk in contacted with a strong cation-exchange in resin in acid form for a time sufficient to lower the pH in the milk to between 1.5 and 3.2. In this process the milk cations are exchanged with hydrogen ions.
• the decationised milk is contacted with a strong anion-exchange in resin in base form for a time sufficient to raise the pH of the milk to the value of about 3.5 - 4.5.
• This material is mixed with decationised, deanionised fruit juice to form a drink.
• This process has disadvantages in that it consists of numerous steps and involves adjusting the pH of a milk to a pH at which denaturation of proteins occurs.
• the invention provides a method of preparing a translucent milk drink comprising: (a) providing an opaque milk starting material having a pH in the range 5.6-8.0 preferably 5.6-7.0, more preferably 5.7-6.5;
• NIR near infrared
• the sample is contained in a special sample cell and NIR is passed through the sample and a transmission detector receives the light, which goes through the sample.
• the transmission detector acquires the transmitted light flux (in %) as a function of the sample height (65 mm).
• the pathlength is 1cm.
• the invention provides a method of preparing a translucent milk drink comprising:
• the opaque milk starting material is chosen from skim milk, milk protein concentrate (MPC) or milk protein isolate (MPI).
• the preferred cation exchangers are based on resins bearing strongly acidic groups, preferably sulphonate groups.
• the invention may be said to broadly consist in a translucent milk drink prepared by the method of either the first or second aspect of the invention.
• the invention may be said to consist in a translucent milk drink having a pH in the range 5.6 to 8.0, preferably 5.6 to 7.0 more preferably 5.7-6.5.
• the invention provides a nutritional milk drink wherein the base is a translucent milk of the third or fourth aspect of the invention which also includes one or more of a flavouring, a colouring and carbonation.
• flavouring, colouring and carbonation are all present.
• the translucent milk product contains greater than 0.8% (w/v), preferably greater than 2% (w/v) milk protein.
• opaque milk starting material milk, skim milk or a milk derived product containing casein and whey proteins with 5-60% of the protein being whey proteins.
• the starting material has substantially the same proportions of casein and whey proteins as milk .
• the fat content is less than 10% (w/w) of the protein content. If whole milk is used a fat removal step is also required (e.g. by centrifugation) before measurement of translucency.
• skim milk means skim milk separated from whole milk of mammals which optionally has been pasteurised and includes diluted, ultrafiltered or concentrated partly de-mineralised skim milk in which the carbohydrate level has been adjusted provided always that the original percentages of casein to whey proteins have remained substantially unaltered.
• milk protein concentrate refers to a milk protein product in which greater than 55%, preferably greater than 70%, more preferably greater than 75% of the dry matter is milk protein.
• the ratio of casein to whey proteins is approximately that of milk.
• milk protein isolate refers to a milk protein composition comprising substantially unaltered proportion of casein to whey proteins wherein the dry matter consists of greater than 85% milk protein.
• MPC and MPI may be prepared by ultrafiltration of skim milk where the ultrafiltration membrane has a molecular weight cut off of 10,000 or lower. Diafiltration may also be used.
• pH range chosen brings considerable advantages. Below pH 5.6 the solutions tend to coagulate. Above pH 8.0 the taste is inferior and the solution is not suitable for carbonation. Values for pH below 7.0 are preferred. If the cation exchange process results in the product having a pH greater than 7.0 it is preferred to reduce the pH, for example by addition of citric acid solution.
• a preferred strong acid cation exchange resin for use in the invention is IMAC HP 111 E manufactured by Rohm & Haas. This resin has a styrene divinylbenzene copolymer matrix.
• the functional groups are sulphonic acid groups that can be obtained in the Na + form or alternatively converted to the K + form. It is preferred that the ion exchange resin be in the Na + and/or K + form.
• cation By manipulating the pH, and the choice of cation it is possible to vary the flavour of the translucent milk produced. For some circumstances it will be useful to provide micronutrient cations in addition to sodium or potassium.
• One preferred cation for use with sodium and or potassium is magnesium.
• the process is preferably carried out in a cool temperature in the range 4°C to l2°C but may be carried out at temperatures as high as 50°C.
• the translucent milks of the invention can be converted into a soft drink like milk drink by addition of small amounts of other components, especially colour and flavour. Typically 0.1 to 3% each of vitamins, flavour, preservatives, thickeners, flavour enhancers and the like are added. Materials suitable for carrying out these functions in drinks are well known.
• a dried product can be prepared from the translucent milk. The drying may be by standard techniques. The product may be reconstituted in water to prepare a translucent milk. It has good suspendability even in cold water at 4°C to 12°C. Colourings and flavourings may be present in the dried product or may be added subsequently.
• the translucent milk products may be used to form nutritious gels and jellies. These may be prepared using conventional gelling agents.
• Carbonation can be carried out by means known to those skilled in the art.
• Example 5 herein illustrates carbonation using dry ice.
• Other options include using commercial carbonation systems.
• Figure 1 shows % transmission of skim milk with varying % calcium depletion and comparison with ginger beer and freshup orange juice.
• Figure 2 is a schematic drawing of a process for preparing a calcium depleted MPC powder.
• NIR near infrared
• the sample is contained in a special sample cell and NIR is passed through the sample and a transmission detector receives the light, which goes through the sample.
• the transmission detector acquires the transmitted light flux (in %) as a function of the sample height (65 mm).
• the pathlength is lcm.
• Figure 1 shows the translucency of various calcium-depleted skim milks and two commercial products.
• the ginger beer is the "Bunderburg” ginger beer and the freshup is the "Freshup" orange juice.
• Freshup has a transmission value of 7%, whereas ginger beer has a transmission value of 40%.
• the transmission values given Figure 1 indicates that for "Ginger beer” type of translucency, about 60% depletion of calcium is required and for the "Fresh-up" type translucency about 40% of calcium removal is required.
• Skim milk of composition given in Table 1 was adjusted to pH of 5.8 using 3.3% citric acid. After 15 min, the pH of skim milk was measured. Due to buffering of milk, the pH of the acidified milk increases by 0.1 to 0.15 units. The pH was again adjusted to 5.8 with some more 3.3% citric acid.
• a skim milk to resin ratio of about 12 is used.
• 200 ml of skim milk at a pH of 5.83 was contacted with 17 g of resin, in 500 ml beaker and stirred constantly with a magnetic stirrer.
• the resin was an IMAC HP 111 E, a strong cation exchange resin with a total exchange resin with a total exchange capacity of 2 req/L of sodium.
• the resin is manufactured by Rohm & Haas and has sulphonic acid functional groups.
• the stirrer speed is such that all the resin is suspended in the skim milk and its pH is monitored.
• the pH of the mixture increases with time- such as 6.15 at 5 min, 6.32 in 15 mins and after 25 minutes the pH reached a final value of 6.47.
• the resin was separated from mixture and its calcium content is measured.
• Table 2 gives typical pHs and calciums of skim milk at different skim milk to resin ratios, as well as their translucency transmission values.
• This calcium depleted milk powder was reconstituted to 6% solids and its translucency was measured, to be about 60%.
• the reconstituted sample from example 2 was UHT treated in indirect UHT equipment with conditions of 140°C for 4 s.
• the resulting UHT sample was more translucent than the reconstituted sample. Its transmission value was about 64%.
• Example 5 Carbonation of UHT treated reconstituted skim milk powder
• the UHT treated reconstituted skim milk powder from the previous example was carbonated by adding dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide) in powdered form.
• Typical carbonation levels in translucent milks are about 3.5 volumes bunsen. This level of carbonation compares well with commercial carbonated products, i.e soda water - 4.5 volumes of bunsen, cola - 4.2 volumes bunsen, lightly sparkling - 3.0 volumes bunsen.
• flavours such as lemon/lime, grape and orange as well as appropriate colours were added to make the product resemble commercial soft or sports drinks.
• skim milk is subjected to concentration on an ultrafiltration
• MPC retentate (or a microfiltration) membrane (Koch S4 HFK 131 type membranes having a nominal molecular weight cut-off of 10,000 daltons) to produce an MPC retentate.
• the MPC retentate will have a protein content in the range of 42-85% of the dry matter is milk protein.
• the acid was added to the retentate at 10°C, while continuously agitating the retentate.
• 200 Kg of the retentate was pH-adjusted to 5.9.
• the pH of the retentate was measured again.
• the pH of pH- adjusted retentate increases by 0.1 to 0.15 units.
• the pH was adjusted again to 5.9 with some more 3.3% citric acid.
• the 200 kg of MPC56 retentate contains 0.26% of calcium or a total calcium content of 530 g of calcium. To remove all this calcium approximately 70 L of strong cation- exchange resin in the sodium form was used.
• the resin was an IMAC HP 111 E, a strong acid cation exchange resin with a total exchange capacity of 2 eq/L of sodium.
• the resin is manufactured by Rohm & Haas and has sulphonic acid functional groups.
• the resin was loaded into a stainless steel vessel of about 40 cm in diameter and a height of 110 cm or a total volume of 140 L. Seventy litres of the resin bed had a height of 55 cm.
• the 200 kg of the retentate was then passed through the resin at 2 bed volume an hour or 140 L/h. To process 200 kg of the retentate takes about one- and-a-half hours.
• the resulting retentate had about 0.005% of calcium and a pH of about 7.1.
• the calcium-depleted MPC56 was mixed with untreated MPC56 the remaining 67 Kg of MPC56 to produce a retentate containing 0.4% calcium. This retentate was then evaporated and dried to produce an MPC 56 powder containing 0.4% calcium.
• the composition of the powder is shown in column A of Table 2.
• MPC70 or an MPC85 retentate is used as a feed stream instead of MPC56 retentate, then Ca-depleted MPC70 and MPC85 of the compositions given in columns B and C respectively Table 2 below can be produced. MPC70 and MPC85 retentates are diluted prior to passage through the ion-exchange column.
• MPCs can be reconstituted at various protein concentrations to produce translucent milks. For example, for a translucent milk containing 2% protein, dissolve 2.5 g of Ca-depleted MPC85 in 100 ml of water. This reconstituted MPC85 solution looks translucent, which can be UHTed, carbonated and flavour added to produce the sample translucent product described in examples 3, 4 and 5.
• Example 1 are illustrations of the practice of the invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention can be carried out with numerous modifications and variations.
• the material subjected to cation exchange can be varied, the ion exchange medium can be varied, the percentage calcium depletion and the milk protein concentration can also be varied.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Dairy Products (AREA)
• Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)

Priority Applications (10)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=19927664

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (14)

Cited By (6)

Families Citing this family (11)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (21)

• 1999
  • 1999-12-09 NZ NZ501675A patent/NZ501675A/xx unknown
• 2000
  • 2000-12-11 KR KR1020027007339A patent/KR20020071883A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2000-12-11 JP JP2001542762A patent/JP4226822B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-12-11 WO PCT/NZ2000/000247 patent/WO2001041579A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2000-12-11 DE DE60034896T patent/DE60034896T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-12-11 AU AU19037/01A patent/AU784638B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2000-12-11 US US10/149,162 patent/US7501143B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-12-11 HK HK03101925.5A patent/HK1049767B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-12-11 AT AT00981936T patent/ATE362321T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-12-11 CA CA002393331A patent/CA2393331A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-12-11 CN CNB008169977A patent/CN100381062C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-12-11 MX MXPA02005601A patent/MXPA02005601A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2000-12-11 EP EP00981936A patent/EP1239737B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-12-22 TW TW089127721A patent/TWI256290B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events