WO2001035480A2 - Brennstoffzellenanlage - Google Patents
Brennstoffzellenanlage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001035480A2 WO2001035480A2 PCT/DE2000/003767 DE0003767W WO0135480A2 WO 2001035480 A2 WO2001035480 A2 WO 2001035480A2 DE 0003767 W DE0003767 W DE 0003767W WO 0135480 A2 WO0135480 A2 WO 0135480A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- fuel cell
- anode
- cathode
- fuel
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell block, which comprises a number of fuel cells, each with an anode and a cathode, the anode bordering an anode gas and the cathode bordering a cathode gas chamber, and wherein the anode gas chamber and the Cathode gas space can be closed gas-tight.
- the technical implementation of the principle of the fuel cell has to different. Solutions with different types of electrolytes and operating temperatures between 80 ° C and 1000 ° C. Depending on their operating temperature, the fuel cells are classified into low, medium and high temperature fuel cells, which in turn differ from one another in different technical embodiments. A single fuel cell supplies a maximum operating voltage of 1.1 volts. A large number of fuel cells are therefore stacked on top of one another and combined to form a fuel cell block. Such a block is also called a “stack” in the specialist literature. By connecting the fuel cells of the fuel cell block in series, the operating voltage of a fuel cell system can be a few 100 volts.
- a fuel cell comprises an electrolyte on one side of which an anode and on the other side of which a cathode is firmly attached.
- An anode gas space adjoins the anode, through which the fuel gas can flow along the anode when the fuel cell is in operation.
- a cathode gas space adjoins the cathode, through which oxygen or oxygen-containing gas can flow along the cathode.
- the anode of a fuel cell is separated from the cathode of an adjacent fuel cell by a separating element. Depending on the type of fuel cell, this separating element is designed, for example, as a bipolar plate or as a cooling element.
- the fuel cells can be electrically separated from the power consumer in a switched-off fuel cell system, an electrical voltage can build up inside the fuel cell and a further electrochemical reaction can take place. action between the hydrogen from the fuel gas and the oxygen from the oxygen-containing gas is omitted. In this state, however, both oxygen and hydrogen can penetrate the anode or cathode, which is each made of a porous material, and penetrate to the electrolyte. Depending on the design of the fuel cell, the oxygen can also pass through the electrolyte. It then also penetrates the porous anode and thus reaches the anode gas space. The residual oxygen remaining in the fuel cells thus causes the formation of oxide layers in the anode gas, which have a negative influence on the internal cell resistance. Corrosive processes can also occur which poison the electrolyte and thereby shorten the service life of the fuel cells. Both the increase in the internal line resistance and the corrosion on components result in a reduction in the cell voltage.
- m DE 28 36 464 B2 discloses to design the gas feeds to the fuel cell system in such a way that it is guaranteed with certainty that the fuel gas pressure pending in the fuel cells is always higher than the pressure of the oxygen-containing gas. This effectively avoids the oxygen excess in the anode gas gray.
- Such a fuel cell system disadvantageously requires pressure regulating mechanisms which are not only complex but also cannot guarantee with certainty that malfunctions of the fuel cell system mean that eir. Oxygen gets into the anode gas space.
- WO 97/48143 A1 it is proposed to interrupt the supply of the oxygen-containing gas in a first step to switch off the fuel cell system, to measure the oxygen partial pressure m in the fuel cells, and also to interrupt the fuel gas supply at a predetermined, low oxygen partial pressure.
- the electrochemical reaction and thus the oxygen consumption are maintained by an electrical load. If the oxygen partial pressure in the cathode gas space is low enough, the residual oxygen remaining in the fuel cells can react completely with the hydrogen from the fuel gas remaining in the fuel cells while maintaining the electrochemical reaction. This ensures that no residual oxygen remains in the fuel cells.
- this method also disadvantageously requires regulation of gas valves, which is complex and not safe against malfunctions.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system in which premature aging of the fuel cells by residual oxygen generated in the fuel cells is avoided in a simple manner.
- An anode gas space is understood to be a gas space which comprises the following gas spaces: a) the anode gas reaction space of at least one anode, and b) the gas space which is formed by the channels and lines connected to the anode gas space, the channels and lines extending from the anode gas space to drive a closure that serves to close the anode gas space.
- the anode gas reaction space of an anode is understood to mean the gas space which is directly adjacent to the anode.
- the fuel gas can flow freely over the surface of the porous anode in order to then penetrate into the anode.
- Inlets and outlets for the fuel gas connect to the anode gas reaction space.
- These lines can be designed, for example, as hoses or lines. However, they can also be configured in the form of channels within the fuel line block.
- the cathode gas space comprises the cathode gas reaction space of at least one cathode and the gas space which is formed by the channels or lines connected to the cathode gas space.
- the anode gas space and the cathode gas space can be closed gas-tight, for example, with shut-off valves which can be closed at the same time. This is easily ensured, for example, that the Ac shut-off valves, which limit the gas volume of the gas spaces, are connected to a common circuit or are connected by a control system at the same time.
- the fuel cell system is advantageously designed for oxygen operation. Such a system is supplied with oxygen as the cathode gas during operation.
- oxygen as the cathode gas during operation.
- pure hydrogen is supplied as fuel gas to the fuel cell system, it is ensured, as described above, that no residual oxygen remains within the fuel cells after the fuel cell system has been switched off.
- the fuel cell system can equally well be designed for operation with oxygen-containing gas, for example air. Furthermore, the fuel cell system can be designed both for operation with air and alternatively for operation with oxygen. In the case of an air-operated fuel cell system to which pure hydrogen is supplied as fuel gas during operation, the problem described above does not necessarily occur because Air contains only about 1/5 oxygen.
- a fuel cell system according to the invention and designed for air operation allows operation with gas ballast without the risk of oxidation of the fuel cells after the fuel cell system is switched off. When operating a fuel cell system with gas ballast, parts of the anode exhaust gas or the anode exhaust gas as a whole are returned to the fuel cells as fuel gas.
- a number of anodes each border on an anode gas space and a number of cathodes each on a cathode gas space do not have to be identical.
- Such an anode gas space is formed, for example, by the number of anode gas reaction spaces adjacent to the anodes, the lines and / or channels located between the anode gas reaction spaces, and the gas supply and discharge lines to the shut-off valves.
- Such a combination of a number of anode gas reaction spaces in an anode gas space has the advantage that not every anode gas reaction space must be able to be shut off separately, for example with shut-off valves.
- a number of anode gas spaces and cathode gas spaces can be assigned to a fuel cell block of a fuel cell system. This can be the case, for example, when fuel gas or oxygen-containing gas is cascaded through the fuel cell block.
- Fuel cell block only assigned an anode gas space and a cathode gas space.
- Such an anode gas space or cathode gas space comprises the gas reaction spaces of all anodes or cathodes of the fuel cell solock.
- there is only one valve in each case for the gas-tight sealing of all gas spaces within the fuel cells of the fuel cell block of the fuel gas and the oxygen-containing gas to and from the fuel cell block is required.
- the anode gas space or the cathode gas space advantageously comprises the gas space of a gas holder.
- the anode gas space and the cathode gas space each comprise the gas space of a gas container.
- the gas container is designed so that the gas space enclosed by it - together with the other gas spaces assigned to the anode or cathode gas space - creates the desired volume ratio of anode gas space to cathode gas space.
- the anode gas reaction spaces of the fuel line block can be constructed in the same way as the cathode gas reaction spaces of the fuel line block.
- the fuel cell block can be configured in a geometry which has been customary hitherto, namely with geometrically identical anode gas reaction spaces as cathode gas reaction spaces.
- Only one gas container is added to the anode gas space or the cathode gas space.
- the volume ratio between the anode gas space and the cathode gas space can be set in such a way that the fuel cell system can be switched off without the risk of corrosion depending on the fuel gas or oxygen-containing gas supplied.
- the gas container can be arranged outside the fuel cell block or can be integrated into the fuel cell block.
- a so-called “wind boiler” can be used as a gas container. Such a “wind boiler” is used in some fuel cell systems to reduce pressure surges.
- the gas container is a hydrogen or an oxygen separator.
- a separator is often used in fuel cell systems.
- a cooling element is arranged between the anode of a first fuel cell and the cathode of an adjacent fuel cell in such a way that the gas space between the anode and cooling element is substantially larger than the gas space between the cathode and cooling element.
- a cooling element serves to capture the heat from the fuel cell that is produced during the electrochemical reaction.
- anode gas reaction space is formed between the cooling element and the anode and the cathode gas reaction space is formed between the cooling element and the cathode.
- a cooling element has previously been arranged symmetrically between cathode and anode, so that the anode gas reaction space and the cathode gas reaction space are of the same size.
- the anode gas reaction space and the cathode gas reaction space are of different sizes. In this way, with the arrangement of the cooling element, the volume ratio between the anode gas space and
- Cathode gas space must be set in the desired manner without having to add a further component to the fuel cell system for this purpose.
- the cooling element (24) is expediently designed asymmetrically with respect to the size of the gas spaces.
- This asymmetrical configuration can consist, for example, in that the cooling element has a differently shaped or different height embossment on its side facing the anode than on its side facing the cathode.
- the embossing or shape of the two sides of the cooling element significantly influences the size of the anode or cathode gas reaction space. With different embossments on the oid sides of the cooling element, the size of the anode gas reaction space is therefore different from that of the cathode gas reaction space. In this way, the volume ratio between the anode gas space and the cathode gas space can be set in a predetermined manner.
- the fuel cells are PEM fuel cells.
- PEM fuel cells are operated at a low operating temperature of around 80 ° C, have a favorable overload behavior and a long service life. In addition, they show favorable behavior with fast load changes and can be operated with air or with pure oxygen. All of these properties make PEM fuel cells particularly suitable for use in mobile applications, such as for driving a wide variety of vehicles.
- Another preferred embodiment of the invention can be achieved in that the invention is modified such that the volume of the anode gas space is at least 1.5 times as large as the volume of the cathode gas space.
- the fuel cell system it may be sufficient for the fuel cell system to be switched off risk-free by designing the anode gas space to be at least 1.5 times as large as the cathode gas space.
- the fuel cell block can be made somewhat smaller than with a volume ratio of 1: 2.
- FIG. 1 shows a section through a fuel cell with an anode gas space and a cathode gas space; 2 shows a section through smaller fuel cells, each with a cooling element, FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of the supply and removal of fuel gas to and from fuel cells.
- 1 shows a fuel cell 1 which comprises a flat electrolyte 2 and electrodes fixed thereon, namely the anode 3a and the cathode 3b.
- the anode gas reaction space 4a associated with the anode 3a borders on the anode 3a.
- the cathode gas reaction space 4b belonging to the cathode 3b borders on the cathode 3b.
- fuel cell 1 For operation with pure oxygen 0; and pure hydrogen H 2 designed fuel cell 1 is supplied with hydrogen H through the fuel gas feed line 5a and with oxygen 0 through the oxygen feed line 5b.
- fuel gas flows through the fuel gas feed line 5a m into the anode gas reaction space 4a, where it can sweep along the anode 3a and react on the electrolyte 2.
- the fuel not used in this process exits the anode gas reaction space 4a through the fuel gas discharge line 6a and is led away from the fuel cell.
- the oxygen passes through the oxygen supply line 5b into the cathode gas reaction space 4b, can penetrate through the cathode 3b to the electrolyte and react there.
- the oxygen not consumed in this process is led out of the cathode gas reaction space 4b through the oxygen discharge line 6b and conducted away from the fuel cell 1.
- the anode gas reaction space 4a is part of the ar.oene gas space 7a, the gas volume of which is composed of the gas volume of the anode gas reaction space 4a and the gas volume of the fuel gas supply line 5a and the fuel gas discharge line 6a.
- the volume of the anode gas space 7a is limited by a fuel gas supply valve 8a and a fuel gas discharge valve 9a.
- the volume of the anode gas space 7a is approximately 2 H times as large as the volume of the cathode gas space 7b, which is additively composed of the volume of the cathode gas reaction space 4b and the volumes of the oxygen supply and discharge lines 5b and 6b.
- the volume of the cathode gas space 7b is limited by an oxygen supply valve 8b and an oxygen discharge valve 9b.
- 2 shows a section of a fuel cell block 20. In the detail, three electrolytes 22 are partially visible and the anodes 23a and cathodes 23b firmly attached to the electrolytes are shown.
- a cooling element 24 is arranged between the anode 23a of a fuel cell and the cathode 23b of an adjacent fuel cell.
- the cooling element 24 comprises two sheets, namely the anode sheet 24a and the cathode sheet 24b.
- the anode 23a and the anode sheet 24a of an adjacent cooling element 24 delimit the anode gas reaction space 25a of a fuel cell.
- the cathode 23b of a fuel cell together with the cathode sheet 24b of the adjacent cooling element 24, delimits the cathode gas reaction space 25b of the fuel cell.
- the anode gas reaction space 25a and cathode gas reaction spaces 25b of the fuel cell block 20 are also delimited by a seal 2c, which is partially shown in FIG. In this seal 26 supply and discharge lines for fuel gas and oxygen-containing gas are incorporated, which are not shown in FIG 2.
- the volume of the anode gas reaction spaces 25a and the cathode gas reaction spaces 25b are largely determined by the shape of the curve element 24.
- the anode sheets 24a and the cathode sheets 24c, between each of which there is a cooling water space 24c, are shaped such that the volume of the anode gas reaction spaces 25a is approximately twice as large as the volume of the cathode gas reaction spaces 25p.
- a number of anode gas reaction spaces and cathode gas reaction spaces are combined to form an anode gas space and a cathode gas space, respectively.
- the cooling elements 24 Due to the asymmetrical shape of the cooling elements 24, we achieve in a simple manner that when the fuel cell system is switched off, a residue of approximately twice as much fuel gas remains in the anode gas space as a residue of oxygen-containing gas remains in the cathode gas space.
- the asymmetry is achieved by the different shape of the anode plate 24a and the cathode plate 24b of the cooling elements. Due to this structurally easy to lising measure is achieved that there is no risk of corrosion of components of the fuel cells when switching off the fuel cell system. This is especially true f u r a fuel cell system, which is driven loading with an operating gas whose oxygen partial pressure of the oxygen-containing gas is not or only slightly greater than the water serstoffpartialdruck the fuel gas.
- the fuel cell system 41 comprises a fuel cell block 42, which in turn contains a large number of fuel cells.
- Each of these fuel cells includes an electrolyte 43 and an anode 44a and a cathode 44b.
- the anodes 44a of all fuel cells each border an anode gas reaction space
- the cathodes 44b of all fuel cells each adjoin a cathode gas reaction space 45b.
- the anode gas reaction space 45a of each fuel cell is delimited by the anode 44a, a separating element 46, which can be designed, for example, as a bipolar plate or as a cooling element, and a seal 47 arranged around the fuel cells.
- the fuel cells are fueled by a fuel feed line 48a provided. They are supplied with oxygen-containing gas through the oxygen feed line 48b.
- the operating gases fuel and oxygen-containing gas flow through the anode 45a and cathode gas reaction space 45b, a portion of the operating gases being consumed in the electrochemical reaction on the electrolytes 43.
- the unused part of the fuel gas is led out of the fuel cells by a fuel department 49a.
- a gas holder 50a which is designed as an oxygen separator, then arrives.
- the oxygen-containing gas not consumed in the electrochemical reaction is led out of the fuel cells through an oxygen line 49b and into a gas container 50b which is designed as an oxygen separator.
- the fuel cell block 42 has only a single anode gas space 51a.
- the volume of the anode gas space 51a is composed of the volumes of all the anode gas reaction spaces 45a of the fuel cell block and the fuel gas feed line 48a, the fuel gas discharge line 49a and the volume enclosed by the gas container 50a.
- Both the anode gas space and the cathode gas space can be closed gas-tight by the valves 52.
- the volume of the anode gas space 51a is approximately 3 times as large as the volume of the cathode gas space 51b, which is designed analogously to the anode gas space 51a.
- the difference in volume between the two gas spaces is brought about by the different sizes of the gas containers 50a and 50b.
- the gas container 50a designed as a hydrogen separator is significantly larger than the gas container 50b designed as an oxygen separator.
- the anode gas chamber 51a and the cathode gas chamber 51b are sealed gas-tight by the valves 52 which can be closed at the same time.
- the electrochemical reaction along the electrolytes 43 of the fuel cell block is maintained by an electrical load, which ensures that too little voltage can build up in the fuel cells.
- Hierdurcr. the hydrogen in the anode gas space 51a and the oxygen in the cathode gas space 51b are crumbled to the extent that b s there is virtually no more oxygen in the cathode gas space 51b. This ensures that nacr. Switching off the fuel cell system there is practically no oxygen in the fuel cells of the fuel cell system, and the components of the fuel cells are not at risk of premature aging due to oxidation.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00987024A EP1259996A2 (de) | 1999-11-08 | 2000-10-25 | Brennstoffzellenanlage |
JP2001537119A JP2003515873A (ja) | 1999-11-08 | 2000-10-25 | 燃料電池設備 |
CA002390027A CA2390027A1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2000-10-25 | Fuel cell installation |
US10/141,681 US20020150809A1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2002-05-08 | Fuel cell installation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19953614.7 | 1999-11-08 | ||
DE19953614A DE19953614A1 (de) | 1999-11-08 | 1999-11-08 | Brennstoffzellenanlage |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/141,681 Continuation US20020150809A1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2002-05-08 | Fuel cell installation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001035480A2 true WO2001035480A2 (de) | 2001-05-17 |
WO2001035480A3 WO2001035480A3 (de) | 2002-09-19 |
Family
ID=7928246
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2000/003767 WO2001035480A2 (de) | 1999-11-08 | 2000-10-25 | Brennstoffzellenanlage |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020150809A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1259996A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003515873A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2390027A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19953614A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001035480A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6744235B2 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2004-06-01 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Oxygen isolation and collection for anode protection in a solid-oxide fuel cell stack |
US7491456B2 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2009-02-17 | Kyocera Corporation | Fuel cell assembly and electricity generation unit used in same |
JP5000073B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-08 | 2012-08-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池スタックの氷点下起動方法、燃料電池スタックの氷点下起動システム、および燃料電池スタックの設計方法 |
US6974648B2 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-12-13 | General Motors Corporation | Nested bipolar plate for fuel cell and method |
JP4661055B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-03 | 2011-03-30 | パナソニック株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよび運転方法 |
JP5158398B2 (ja) * | 2005-01-21 | 2013-03-06 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 燃料電池の運転方法 |
JP2006221836A (ja) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-08-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
US20060188763A1 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-08-24 | Dingrong Bai | Fuel cell system comprising modular design features |
JP2007066831A (ja) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-15 | Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
JP5164014B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-28 | 2013-03-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法 |
DE102006051674A1 (de) | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-08 | Daimler Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben desselben |
DE102007031071A1 (de) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Daimler Ag | Stillsetzen eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
FR2917536B1 (fr) * | 2007-06-15 | 2009-08-21 | Michelin Soc Tech | Arret d'une pile a combustible alimentee en oxygene pur |
JP5236966B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-29 | 2013-07-17 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 燃料電池およびその運転方法 |
US8728674B2 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2014-05-20 | Panasonic Corporation | Fuel cell system with controlled stop process for a shut-down operation |
JP2010086853A (ja) * | 2008-10-01 | 2010-04-15 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム及びその運転停止方法 |
JP2010176993A (ja) * | 2009-01-28 | 2010-08-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 固体高分子形燃料電池システムの停止方法及び固体高分子形燃料電池システム |
FR2941094A1 (fr) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-07-16 | Michelin Soc Tech | Dispositif pour augmenter le volume du circuit hydrogene d'une pile a combustible |
FR2941093A1 (fr) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-07-16 | Michelin Soc Tech | Pile a combustible concue pour eviter la sous alimentation en hydrogene lors des extinctions |
JP5321230B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-01 | 2013-10-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2012025601A (ja) * | 2010-07-21 | 2012-02-09 | Sharp Corp | 二酸化炭素分離装置およびその使用方法 |
DE102015207455A1 (de) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-10-27 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Bipolarplatte mit unterschiedlich dicken Halbplatten und Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einer solchen |
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DE71676C (de) * | F. KrÖBER in Charlottenburg, Grünstr. lob | Elektrischer Sammler in Form eines Gaselements | ||
WO1997048143A1 (de) * | 1996-06-10 | 1997-12-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum betreiben einer pem-brennstoffzellenanlage |
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JP2924009B2 (ja) * | 1989-05-19 | 1999-07-26 | 富士電機株式会社 | 燃料電池の発電停止方法 |
JPH06333586A (ja) * | 1993-05-20 | 1994-12-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池の停止方法 |
US6638654B2 (en) * | 1999-02-01 | 2003-10-28 | The Regents Of The University Of California | MEMS-based thin-film fuel cells |
-
1999
- 1999-11-08 DE DE19953614A patent/DE19953614A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-10-25 WO PCT/DE2000/003767 patent/WO2001035480A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-25 EP EP00987024A patent/EP1259996A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-25 JP JP2001537119A patent/JP2003515873A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-25 CA CA002390027A patent/CA2390027A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-05-08 US US10/141,681 patent/US20020150809A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE71676C (de) * | F. KrÖBER in Charlottenburg, Grünstr. lob | Elektrischer Sammler in Form eines Gaselements | ||
WO1997048143A1 (de) * | 1996-06-10 | 1997-12-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum betreiben einer pem-brennstoffzellenanlage |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 254 (E-1083), 27. Juni 1991 (1991-06-27) -& JP 03 081970 A (FUJI ELECTRIC CO LTD), 8. April 1991 (1991-04-08) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1995, no. 03, 28. April 1995 (1995-04-28) -& JP 06 333586 A (SANYO ELECTRIC CO LTD), 2. Dezember 1994 (1994-12-02) in der Anmeldung erwähnt * |
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WO2001035480A3 (de) | 2002-09-19 |
DE19953614A1 (de) | 2001-05-17 |
CA2390027A1 (en) | 2001-05-17 |
JP2003515873A (ja) | 2003-05-07 |
US20020150809A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
EP1259996A2 (de) | 2002-11-27 |
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