WO2001021547A1 - A12O3/SiC-NANOKOMPOSIT-SCHLEIFKÖRNER, VERFAHREN ZU IHRER HERSTELLUNG SOWIE IHRE VERWENDUNG - Google Patents
A12O3/SiC-NANOKOMPOSIT-SCHLEIFKÖRNER, VERFAHREN ZU IHRER HERSTELLUNG SOWIE IHRE VERWENDUNG Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001021547A1 WO2001021547A1 PCT/EP2000/009230 EP0009230W WO0121547A1 WO 2001021547 A1 WO2001021547 A1 WO 2001021547A1 EP 0009230 W EP0009230 W EP 0009230W WO 0121547 A1 WO0121547 A1 WO 0121547A1
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- sic
- abrasive grains
- sintering
- grinding
- grain
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
- C09K3/1418—Abrasive particles per se obtained by division of a mass agglomerated by sintering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/117—Composites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/624—Sol-gel processing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to sintered Al 2 0 3 / SiC nanocomposite abrasive grains according to the preamble of claim 11, a process for their production according to the preamble of claim 1 and their use as an abrasive.
- Abrasive grains based on Al 2 0 3 are processed industrially in large quantities into abrasives due to their high hardness, chemical inertness and high temperature resistance.
- sintered corundum which is obtained by a ceramic or chemical route, is increasingly being used for certain areas of application.
- the technical advantage of sintered corundum is due to its microcrystalline structure, which in turn leads to a special wear mechanism for the abrasive grain during the grinding process.
- the removal rates can be significantly increased with the use of sintered corundum. 1
- the microcrystalline sintered corundum grain is much more wear-resistant than the macrocrystalline fused corundum.
- smaller areas break out of the grain, which creates new cutting edges, which in turn intervene in the grinding process.
- Such self-sharpening of the grain does not take place in the case of macrocrystalline fused corundum, since here the cracks that arise during the grinding process due to the mechanical stress on the grain can no longer be deflected, but continue along the crystal planes through the entire grain and thus lead to destruction of the abrasive grain.
- microcrystalline sintered abrasive grains When using microcrystalline sintered abrasive grains, the trend can be observed in many applications that the abrasive grain, with comparable hardness and density, behaves more favorably in the grinding process, the finer the structure.
- Particularly fine microstructures can be obtained using the sol-gel method, in which, for example, finely dispersed aluminum oxide monohydrate of the boehmite type is used, which - after it has been colloidally dissolved - is processed into the gel, which is then dried, calcined and sintered is processed into a compact and dense ⁇ -Al 2 0 3 interbody. It is then processed into abrasive grain.
- the advantage of the sol-gel process for the production of microcrystalline corundums is that very fine and reactive starting materials are used and the resulting green bodies at relatively low sintering temperatures 5 can be compressed, which favors the formation of a fine structure.
- EP-B-0 152 768 describes microcrystalline corundums which are produced by the sol-gel technique with the addition of species-specific crystallization nuclei at sintering temperatures of approximately 1400 ° C. and whose primary crystallites have a diameter of predominantly or completely smaller Have 1 ⁇ m.
- EP-B-0 408 771 Due to the low sintering temperatures and the addition of crystallization nuclei, crystal growth can be severely restricted during the sintering process. Even finer structures with high density and hardness are described in EP-B-0 408 771. According to EP-B-0 408 771, corundum abrasive grains with an average crystallite size ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ m are also produced using the sol-gel technique with the addition of particularly fine particles
- Crystallization nuclei and obtained in compliance with a special temperature and sintering program in which the temperature range between 900 and 1100 ° C pass in less than 90 seconds, the material then only briefly brought to a maximum temperature that should not exceed 1300 ° C, and then below this maximum temperature in the range between 1000 and 1300 ° C is densely sintered.
- the temperature program is selected so that a high degree of compaction is made possible without the resulting sintered body or its precursor being exposed to temperatures that are too long, which would favor crystal growth.
- sintering additives that hinder crystal growth or accelerate the sintering process and thus indirectly limit the formation of larger crystals.
- EP-B-0 024 099 describes the addition of sperms or precursors which are converted to spinels in the course of the production process
- EP-B-0 200 487 describes the use of ⁇ -Fe 2 0 3 crystallization nuclei in combination with at least one modifying component from the group of the oxides of magnesium, zinc, cobalt, nickel, zircon, hafnium, chromium and / or titanium
- EP-B-0 373 765 describes - likewise in combination with ⁇ -Fe 2 0 3 -Ke ⁇ men - ytt
- A1 2 0 3 sintered grinding machines can also be explained by the fact that grinding itself is an extremely diverse process, in which both the material, the machined tet, and the processing conditions (contact pressure, cooling or the like) can be largely varied.
- a wide variety of materials (different types of steel, alloys and metals, plastics, wood, stone, ceramics, etc.) are processed under a wide variety of conditions depending on the objective (surface material, material removal, etc.).
- the requirements placed on the abrasive grain to be used are correspondingly different, so that the usability and performance of an abrasive grain for a specific grinding process cannot be characterized solely by sizes such as hardness, density and crystallite structure.
- other criteria such as chemical inertness, thermal conductivity, resistance to oxidation and temperature, toughness etc. also play an important role.
- Another variable in the grinding process are the bond and the specification of the abrasive, which can also be varied further by adding additives (grinding aids, pore formers, etc.).
- EP-A-0 228 856 describes the addition of yttrium which - e.g. B. in the form of an yttrium salt with a slightly volatile anion (nitrate, fc>
- Aluminum monohydrate dispersion is added and during sintering with the aluminum oxide to form the yttrium-aluminum garnet (3Y 2 0 3 -5A1 2 0 3 ).
- This material has particular advantages when machining stainless steel, titanium, nickel alloys, aluminum and other difficult-to-machine alloys, but also with simple structural steel.
- the incorporation of garnet crystals gives the abrasive grain a special wear resistance for these applications, which is then reflected in a high stock removal rate.
- Y 2 0 3 or its precursors the addition of crystallization nuclei and / or other sintering additives is described.
- EP-B-0 293 164 also describes the addition of rare earths from the group praseodymium, samarium, ytterbium, neodymium, lanthanum, gadolinium, cerium, dysprosium, erbium and / or combinations of several from this group.
- the rare earths form with A1 2 0 3 hexagonal aluminates, which, as inclusions in the Al 2 0 3 matrix, obviously increase the wear resistance of the abrasive grain.
- EP-B-0 368 837 describes abrasive grains whose toughness is increased by the formation of whisker-like crystals, which are obtained by adding cerium compounds. Here too, increased toughness is achieved by strengthening the structure.
- Composites are also obtained via the sol-gel method, which are described in DE-A-196 07 709 and differ from the abovementioned compounds in that, in addition to the Al 2 0 3 matrix, there are at least two additional discontinuous structural components which differ from each other in the average particle size by at least a factor of 10.
- EP-B-0 4 91 184 composites are based described by A1 2 0 3 , the inclusions of isometric hard materials, which are at least 10 times larger than the primary crystals from which the matrix is constructed.
- the abrasives In general, the abrasives or
- corundum is one of the so-called conventional abrasives, which have been known for a relatively long time and are inexpensive to manufacture and use in large quantities.
- the so-called superabrasives such as diamond and cubic boron nitride, are more and more common in recent times. Their production costs are a thousand to ten thousand times higher than the production costs for conventional abrasive grains, but due to their high performance and the associated reduced machine downtimes and the low consumption of abrasives themselves or the increase in the number of pieces per unit of time and abrasive body for many grinding operations offer an extremely favorable price / performance ratio.
- One of the main objectives when developing new abrasive grains is therefore to obtain an abrasive grain that can be used on conventional machines, but is in the level of performance between conventional abrasives and superabrasives.
- the sol-gel corundum is clearly closer to the conventional abrasive grain types not only because of the manufacturing costs, but also in terms of performance and is therefore more suitable for replacing the conventional corundum types in grinding operations that do not justify the use of super abrasives.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide abrasive grains with an even better performance potential compared to the abovementioned prior art, and to provide a process for their production.
- This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 11 and claim 1.
- the subclaims relate to advantageous embodiments of the invention.
- Claim 20 relates to an appropriate use of the abrasive grains according to the invention.
- nanocomposite which found its way into ceramics about 10 years ago, means systems that consist of at least two different types There are 3 fixed phases, of which at least one
- Phase has particle sizes in the nanometer range.
- Al 2 0 3 / S ⁇ C- Kompos ⁇ te in which SiC particles are incorporated for reinforcement in an Al 2 0 Matr ⁇ x are described in EP-B-0,311,289 and, for example, provided as a structural ceramic for use in the engine or turbine ,
- the diameter of the SiC particles, the proportion of which in the composite is between 2 and 10 mol%, should be less than 0.5 ⁇ m, while the Al 2 O 3 particles should not exceed 5 ⁇ m.
- These materials, in which the SiC particles are dispersed in the Al 2 0 3 particles are distinguished by an extraordinarily high resistance to wear and toughness and, owing to their good high-temperature properties, can be used as structural ceramics in engine construction.
- example B 4 C which is often cited in specialist circles, shows that as an abrasive grain despite its high hardness, because of its 44 insufficient chemical and thermal resistance and its high brittleness has never found any significant use as an abrasive, a sum of properties must be considered in order to determine its suitability as an abrasive.
- Other hard materials which rank between the conventional abrasives and the superabrasives, have not been able to establish themselves as abrasive grains either because they lack additional properties such as toughness, thermal and chemical stability or other requirements that are important for the grinding process.
- the nanocomposite materials described in the literature which have certain properties required for the grinding process, have so far not been successfully used as abrasive grain.
- Fig. 1 single grain scratch test
- the test facility is a retrofitted surface grinding machine, on which a scoring disc is mounted on the grinding wheel instead of the grinding wheel.
- the scoring disc which for practical reasons is made of a relatively light and easy-to-work material (e.g. aluminum), has a holder on the circumference into which a carrier with a soldered abrasive grain is inserted.
- the circumference of the disc protrudes with every revolution a scratch mark in the workpiece.
- the scoring depth and the scoring cross-section decrease due to the grain wear until the grain tip is worn out by the infeed amount in the y direction and no longer leaves a trace.
- the scratch marks can be scanned with a surface measuring device and then evaluated. The measuring principle is shown in Figures 1 and 2 and is explained below using the reference numbers.
- Figure 1 shows the basic structure of the test stand with the scoring disc (1) and the scoring grain (2), the movable axes (3, 4, 5) in the x, y and z directions, the workpiece (6), the Machine table (7) and the grinding headstock (8).
- standard conditions for the cutting speed v c , the workpiece speed v w and the infeed a e which are adapted to the grinding operation for which the grinding grain is to be used later, must be defined.
- materials and the use of cooling lubricant (9) must be specified.
- the evaluation principle can be seen on the basis of the curves given as an example for different types of abrasive grain (Fig. 2), in which the change in the scratch cross section A R ⁇ / A RO is plotted against the scratch length I R.
- a R0 is the scratch cross-section at the first intervention and
- a Rn the scratch cross-section after n mm scratch length.
- the power factor LF 25 for the single grain results from the intersection of the characteristic curve for the individual grain type with the ordinate after 25 mm scratch length and corresponds to the change in the scratch cross section A R o / A R25 .
- the single-grain scratch test thus allows - in good agreement with the results in practice - an assessment of the suitability of an abrasive grain, in which all parameters relevant to the grinding process such as hardness, toughness, density, strength,
- certain minimum requirements must be met in order for a material to be considered as an abrasive grain at all.
- a material whose hardness is well below the usual hardness for abrasives would never be suitable for grinding, even if all other properties were outstanding.
- the production of the abrasive grains according to the invention is carried out wet-chemically a direct sol-gel path using crystallization nuclei.
- Xu, Nakahira and Niihara describe in their article in the Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 1994, 102, 312-315 the use of sol-gel technology in the production of Al 2 0 3 / SiC nanocomposites.
- an Al 2 0 3 sol is first produced in the usual way.
- the solids component for the aluminum oxide-containing sol is advantageously finely dispersed Boeh-mit type aluminum oxide monohydrate, aluminum alkoxides, aluminum halides and / or aluminum nitrate, which are dispersed using a disperser, a powerful stirrer or using ultrasound.
- the solids content of the suspension is preferably between 5 and 60% by weight.
- This suspension becomes ⁇ then, also preferably in the form of a suspension, in order to achieve the most homogeneous possible distribution, between 0.1 and ⁇ 5 mol%, preferably in the range 0.3 and 2.5 mol%, based on the aluminum content of the Mixture, calculated as A1 2 0 3 , nanoscale SiC added. It is of course also possible to stir SiC as a solid into the specified suspension. As the examples in Table 3 show, particularly good results are achieved with comparatively small amounts of SiC. As
- SiC-based are finely ground SiC powder, which was obtained via the Acheson process, or also nanopowder, which are produced in the gas phase by thermal or laser-assisted gas phase reactions or various plasma processes.
- Ball growth inhibitors and / or other modifying components are added. All known sintering additives for Al 2 0 3 are particularly suitable for this, for example the bubbling oxides of Co, Mg, Ni and Zn, the oxides of Ce, Cu, B,
- the Al 2 0 3 sol is preferably mixed with an aqueous suspension of finely ground ⁇ -A1 2 0 3 before the SiC addition.
- the maximum particle size of the ⁇ -Al 2 0 3 particles, which serve as nuclei, is less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the amount of the seed material to be used depends on the particle size and is between 0.5 and 10% by weight, based on the Al 2 O 3 content in the end product. Since, in addition to the fineness, it depends on the number of germs, with very large fineness even small quantities of germs are sufficient to promote the sintering process.
- the finished suspension is then heated to boiling and advantageously gelled with the addition of acid. Again, it is possible to use any other known type of gelation (aging, addition of electrolyte, temperature increase, concentration of the suspension or the like).
- the gel is dried (after cooling) in a temperature range between 50 ° C and 120 ° C. This is followed by a calcination in a temperature range between 500 ° C and 800 ° C in order to evaporate the remaining water and the acid. After calcination, the composites are available as green bodies with diameters of up to several millimeters, which are then sintered.
- the advantages of direct compaction lie in the particularly high sintering activity of the dried and calcined green bodies, in which the starting materials are already chemically bonded to one another and thus the compaction and consolidation to the finished composite is much more effective and cheaper.
- the process and thus the product quality can be further improved by the additional use of sintering additives or crystallization nuclei.
- the calcined gel is preferably sintered at temperatures between 1300 ° C. and 1600 ° C., preferably under inert conditions (for example nitrogen atmosphere) and particularly advantageously in a gas-tight rotary kiln, in order to achieve the fastest possible heating of the product and a short sintering time has a particularly favorable effect on the structure and thus on the performance of the abrasive grain.
- any other known type of furnace can be used, which allows fast heating rates and high temperatures. Since the sintering takes place very quickly, even processing under vacuum or in an oxidizing atmosphere is possible, since the majority of the SiC nanoparticles are embedded in the matrix and are therefore protected against oxidation.
- the crushing to the desired grain size can take place before or after the sintering with the usual crushing units. It is advantageous to prepare the calcined gel in the green state since, after sintering, considerably more energy has to be used to comminute the then dense and hard composite material.
- the nanoscale SiC acts as a stall growth inhibitor for the Al 2 0 3 matrix, but at the same time delays the compaction of the green body, so that comparatively high sintering temperatures have to be used - compared to a sol-gel material based on pure aluminum oxide. to achieve sufficient compaction of the material, which can lead to a not inconsiderable crystal growth.
- Large crystallites appear increasingly at around 1400 ° C. This phenomenon is described in U.S. Patent 4,623,364. There, the undesirable appearance of coarse crystals in an otherwise fine matrix is attributed to impurities.
- the aim here is a fine-crystalline matrix with as few coarse fractions as possible, as is also disclosed in the patents cited at the beginning and corresponds to the prior art.
- the grinding performance of the nanocomposite abrasive grain according to the invention is particularly high when a certain proportion of coarse crystals with lengths of up to 20 ⁇ m and an average diameter> 2 ⁇ m, preferably> 5 ⁇ m, is present in the matrix.
- the removal rate is significantly higher than the finely structured, pure sol-gel-Al 2 0 abrasive grains, whose average crystallite size is usually 0.2-0.3 ⁇ m and for which all crystals are in the submicron range, preferably in the range below 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the performance curve of the Al 2 0 3 / SiC nanocomposites has a non-linear Course with a maximum at a sintering temperature between 1400 ° C - 1450 ° C. In this temperature range, the first coarse-crystalline and columnar crystals appear in the matrix with a holding time of 30 minutes.
- Crystals preferably have an elongated shape with a length to width ratio between 2: 1 and 10: 1, particularly preferably between 4: 1 and 6: 1.
- Typical images of the matrix with the coarse crystalline inclusions are as electron microscopic
- the coarse crystallites in the nanocomposites result in a kind of structure reinforcement that has a positive effect on the wear behavior of the grain, and not only compensate for the expected reduction in performance due to the grain growth, but also help - in combination with the embedded nano-SiC particles - to do this Abrasive grain even leads to a significant increase in performance.
- the SiC particles in the nanocomposite according to the invention can either intragranularly, in the Al 2 O 3 matrix particles, or intergranularly, on the
- Grain boundaries between the Al 2 0 3 particles may be arranged, it being observed that the smaller particles are preferably built in intragranularly. What influence does the type of storage of the SiC Particles that have grinding performance are the subject of further investigations and can only be considered speculatively at the moment.
- Suspension B is added to the boehmite sol (suspension A) with stirring and the pH of the mixture is adjusted to 1.8 using nitric acid. The mixture is then heated to 95 ° C. with constant stirring and the gelatin 15 tion is initiated by the dropwise addition of further nitric acid. After cooling, the gel is dried in a drying cabinet at 85 ° C. The dried gel is pre-shredded to a particle size smaller than 5 mm and then calcined at approx. 500 ° C.
- Example 1-6 only the sintering temperatures were varied. Table 1 shows the measured hardness values, performance factors and crystallite structure depending on the sintering conditions.
- the pH of the mixture is adjusted to 1.8 using nitric acid.
- the mixture is then heated to 95 ° C. with constant stirring and the gelation is initiated by the dropwise addition of further nitric acid.
- the gel is dried in a drying cabinet at 85 ° C.
- the dried gel is pre-shredded to a particle size of less than 5 mm and then calcined at approx. 500 ° C.
- Table 2 shows the measured hardness values, performance factors and crystallite structure depending on the sintering conditions.
- Example 12 was prepared analogously to Examples 1-6. However, 75 g of nanoscale SiC UF45 were used.
- Example 12 The preparation was carried out analogously to Example 12. Instead of 75 g, 150 g of nanoscale SiC UF45 were 13 set. Table 3 shows the performance factors as a function of the SiC concentration.
- Example 14 was prepared analogously to example 4. Instead of SiC UF45, the somewhat coarser SiC UF25 (from H.C. Starck) was used. Sintering was carried out at a temperature of 1400 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The heating rate was 60 ° C per minute and the holding time was 30 minutes.
- Example 15 was prepared analogously to example 14. Instead of SiC UF25, the coarser SiC UF15 (from HC Starck) was used. Comparative Example 16
- Example 16 was prepared analogously to example 15. Instead of SiC UF15, an SiC P1000 (from Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten) was used.
- Example 17 was produced analogously to example 16. Instead of SiC P1000, an SiC P600 (from Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten) was used.
- Table 4 shows the power factor of the nanocomposites as a function of the particle size of the embedded SiC
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- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001524930A JP2003509579A (ja) | 1999-09-22 | 2000-09-21 | Al2O3/SiC−ナノ複合体研摩粒子、その製造法および使用 |
EP00967726A EP1218310A1 (de) | 1999-09-22 | 2000-09-21 | Al2o3/sic-nanokomposit-schleifkörner, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung |
CA002407736A CA2407736A1 (en) | 1999-09-22 | 2000-09-21 | A12o3/sic nanocomposite abrasive grains, method for producing them and their use |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE1999145335 DE19945335A1 (de) | 1999-09-22 | 1999-09-22 | Al¶2¶O¶3¶/SiC-Nanokomposit-Schleifkörner, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie ihre Verwendung |
DE19945335.7 | 1999-09-22 |
Publications (1)
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WO2001021547A1 true WO2001021547A1 (de) | 2001-03-29 |
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PCT/EP2000/009230 WO2001021547A1 (de) | 1999-09-22 | 2000-09-21 | A12O3/SiC-NANOKOMPOSIT-SCHLEIFKÖRNER, VERFAHREN ZU IHRER HERSTELLUNG SOWIE IHRE VERWENDUNG |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1218310A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003509579A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2407736A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19945335A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001021547A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003025209A (ja) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-01-29 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | ステンレス鋼の研磨方法 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7087544B2 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2006-08-08 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Nano-ceramics and method thereof |
PT2094443E (pt) | 2006-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | Saint Gobain Ceramics | Abrasivos ligados a alta temperatura com alfa alumina submicrónoca |
JP2011045938A (ja) * | 2009-08-25 | 2011-03-10 | Three M Innovative Properties Co | 焼成凝集体の製造方法、焼成凝集体、研磨材組成物及び研磨材物品。 |
JP6550374B2 (ja) * | 2013-04-05 | 2019-07-24 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 焼結された研磨粒子、それを作製する方法、及びそれを含む研磨物品 |
Citations (12)
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EP0024099B1 (de) | 1979-06-29 | 1984-01-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Nicht geschmolzenes Schleifmittelmineral auf der Basis von Aluminiumoxyd, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Schleifmittel, die das genannte Mineral enthalten |
US4623364A (en) | 1984-03-23 | 1986-11-18 | Norton Company | Abrasive material and method for preparing the same |
EP0228856A2 (de) | 1985-12-30 | 1987-07-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Schleifkörner aus Aluminium- und Yttriumoxide enthaltender Keramik, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Anwendung sowie damit hergestellte Produkte |
EP0293164B1 (de) | 1987-05-27 | 1992-10-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Schleifpartikel aus Keramik, enthaltend Oxide von Aluminium und Metallen der seltenen Erden, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Produkte daraus |
EP0368837B1 (de) | 1988-11-02 | 1993-01-13 | Treibacher Chemische Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Gesintertes mikrokristallines keramisches Material |
EP0311289B1 (de) | 1987-09-30 | 1993-01-27 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | SiC-A12O3-Sinterverbundkörper und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
EP0152768B1 (de) | 1984-01-19 | 1993-06-09 | Norton Company | Schleifkörner oder Keramikkörper und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
EP0408771B1 (de) | 1989-02-01 | 1993-08-04 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Keramik aus aluminiumoxyd, schleifmittel und deren verfahren zur herstellung |
EP0571866A1 (de) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-01 | H.C. Starck GmbH & Co. KG | Gesintertes Verbundschleifkorn, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie seine Verwendung |
EP0373765B1 (de) | 1988-12-12 | 1993-12-29 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Mit Eisenoxid geimpfte Schleifkörner aus Aluminiumoxidkeramik |
EP0491184B1 (de) | 1990-12-07 | 1995-05-31 | KORUND LAUFENBURG GmbH | Gesinterter Verbundschleifkörper, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung |
DE19607709A1 (de) | 1995-03-03 | 1996-09-05 | Treibacher Schleifmittel Ag | Keramisches Kompositmaterial |
Family Cites Families (1)
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AT1191U1 (de) * | 1995-12-18 | 1996-12-27 | Treibacher Schleifmittel Ag | Schleifkorn |
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1999
- 1999-09-22 DE DE1999145335 patent/DE19945335A1/de not_active Ceased
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2000
- 2000-09-21 EP EP00967726A patent/EP1218310A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-09-21 JP JP2001524930A patent/JP2003509579A/ja active Pending
- 2000-09-21 WO PCT/EP2000/009230 patent/WO2001021547A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-09-21 CA CA002407736A patent/CA2407736A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2003025209A (ja) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-01-29 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | ステンレス鋼の研磨方法 |
Also Published As
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CA2407736A1 (en) | 2002-10-29 |
JP2003509579A (ja) | 2003-03-11 |
DE19945335A1 (de) | 2001-04-05 |
EP1218310A1 (de) | 2002-07-03 |
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