WO2001019942A2

WO2001019942A2 - Procedure for processing of fresh biomass in ecological briquettes as fuel and fodder, conveying assembly with tool for application of the procedure and ecological briquettes as fuel and fodder, as the products resulted from the procedure

Info

Publication number: WO2001019942A2
Application number: PCT/YU2000/000007
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mato Zubac
Original assignee: Mato Zubac
Priority date: 1999-09-15
Filing date: 2000-03-01
Publication date: 2001-03-22
Also published as: AU3008400A; YU49410B; WO2001019942A3; YU46499A; WO2001019942B1

Abstract

Procedure for the processing of fresh biomass in ecological briquettes as fuel and fodder; conveying assembly with tool for the application of the procedure and ecological briquettes as fuel and fodder, as the products resulted from the procedure, according to this invention have the novelty in that, that the procedure uses as starting raw materials fresh biomass, which is by-product in agricultural production and forestry with the addition of dextrose, water, starch, proteins, fatty substances, paraffin and essential oils, those are known as non-pollutants. The novelty is also in that, that for the purpose of the accomplishment of the procedure, the conveying assembly is used and is taken closer to the source of raw materials and where the conveying assembly is composed of carrying-holding platform (1), crusher-cutter (2), worm conveyor (3), rotary dryer (4), briquette press (5), and head (A) of the briquetting tool. There, crusher-cutter (2) by worm conveyor (3) is continued to rotary dryer (4). It is connected with briquette press (5), with the head (A) of the briquetting tool fixed on it.

Description

PROCEDUREFORPROCESSING OF FRESHBIOMASSINECOLOGICAL

BRIQUETTESAS FUELAND FODDER, CONVEYINGASSEMBLYWITHTOOL

FORAPPLICATIONOFTHE PROCEDURE AND ECOLOGICALBRIQUETTES AS FUELAND FODDER,ASTHE PRODUCTS RESULTED FROMTHE

PROCEDURE

Procedure for processing of fresh biomass in ecological briquettes as fuel and fodder, conveying assembly with tool for application ofthe procedure and ecological briquettes as fuel and fodder, as products resulted in the procedure, as unity ofthe invention, belongs to several fields. As the main purpose is processing of fresh biomass in adequate presses, it belongs to the field of the processes and presses used for hay and straw and alike, with pistons, parts and assemblies, plunger presses and endless belts. As the products mentioned in the procedure are fodder in briquettes, the invention also belongs to this field. As in the construction of the assembly among many integrated devices are drying devices, and crushing or cutting devices as well, it also belongs to that field, too. With regard that new structural features in the tools of briquetting presses, for example guides and platen-pistons and also other parts, the invention belongs here, too. Furthermore, as the major products that are obtained according to this invention are briquettes as fuel and firelighters, it also belongs here.

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is how to accomplish the procedure for processing of seasonal renewable fresh biomass usually considered as waste in agricultural and forestry production, particularly for production of briquettes as fuel and firelighter with the purpose of replacement of fossil fuels as ecological polutants and where in the same procedure, with some additions briquette fodder should be obtained. Further problem is how to accomplish, from well- known devices, a new conveying assembly which can be taken closest to the place of resource of raw materials for the accomplishment of the mentioned procedure and how to construct new briquetting tool for the mentioned purpose.

Worldwide known are briquette presses having different diameters and capacity with heads and with tools for producing briquettes from wood residues, and briquettes obtained in those tools are round, rectangular and hollow, with the purpose to be used as fuel in household and industry. Those briquettes are produced in Italy ("Comafer", A.Costa), Switzerland ("Pawert"), Sweden ("Bogma"), Germany ("Hatlap")- All the said, produce presses with tool which use wood residue and can do briquetting to raw material of 12-16% of humidity and at granulation of 0,5-5 mm. Presses and other equipment are stable grounded and need extra founding. As the above reasons mention the equipment is not movable and is used for briquetting of certain residues in wood industry. This equipment cannot produce fodder and other mentioned products.

Factories in Yugoslavia mostly produce or used to produce piston excentric presses with stable grounded properties. Those are "Utva", Pan~evo and "Prva petoletka", Trstenik. Those use head of the tool with mechanical tightening, and raw material for briquetting must be granulated to 0,5-5mm with 14-18% of moisture.

Known solution is described in YU patent application number P-911/88, and there is a development of the procedure for processing of biomass into solid fuel in the form of briquettes and without preliminary crushing, such briquettes are used in industrial and in household furnaces. Another solution described in YU patent application number P- 1493/79 is relevant to the production of briquettes as solid fuel from the mass of waste material, cardboard plastic sheet, wood and cloths. This material is crushed, wet and binding agents are added, and it is also introduced in standard vertical presses where it is shaped in the appropriate tool.

As for the products as firelighters, as results obtained in the appropriate procedure, in Yugoslavia, the most famous are so called "Hepo" cubes produced in processing of oil derivatives. "Hepo" cube has hard, unpleasant smell, it is extremely fragile, and at hits, it easily falls into small pieces. Worldwide known tablets as firelighters "Meta" from Basel, CH, are also oil oil derivatives based, as well as, "Hepo" cubes. Moreover, from patent application P- 1001/92 is known the procedure for producing inflammable tiles from insulating fibrous slabs and natural inflammable ingredients. Worldwide known are already existing firelighters in the form of slabs from wood saw-dust and parafϊine, so called "Zundus" from Austria. All those products are produced by stable-grounded equipment with shaping tool and vertical hidraulic presses.

Procedure for processing of fresh biomass in ecological briquettes as fuel and fodder using as starting raw materials, fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, additional lignin, water, paraffin, dextrose, essential oils, starch, fatty substances and proteins, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that the cellulose with lignin from biomass and additional lignin, together with dextrose, starch and proteins are crushed to small granulation. Thereafter the mass is mixed with water, paraffine, essential oils and fatty substances at higher temperature during the needed time. The obtained mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure, it is homogenized and shaped.

More precisely, production procedure of ecological briquettes as fuel, using as starting raw materials fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, additional lignin and water, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that the cellulose with lignin from biomass and additional lignin are crushed to small granulation. Thereafter it is mixed with water at higher temperature during the needed time. Thereafter the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure, it is homogenized and shaped.

Also, production procedure of ecological briquettes as firelighters using as starting raw materials fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, additional lignin, water and paraffin, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that the cellulose with lignin from biomass and additional lignin are crushed to small granulation.. Thereafter it is mixed with water and paraffin at higher temperature during the needed time. Thereafter, the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure, it is homogenized and shaped.

More precisely, production procedure of ecological scented briquettes using as starting raw materials fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, additional lignin, water, dextrose and essential oils, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that the cellulose with lignin from biomass and additional lignin are crushed to small granulation. Thereafter it is mixed with water and with the addition of essential oils, and with dextrose at higher temperature during the needed time. Upon that, the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure, it is homogenized and shaped.

Also, production procedure of briquetting fodder using as starting raw materials fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, water, dextrose, starch, fatty substances, and proteins, accordmg to this invention, has a novelty in that, that the cellulose with lignin from biomass, together with dextrose, starch and proteins are crushed to small granulation. Thereafter it is mixed with water and fatty substances at higher temperature during the needed time. Then the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure, it is homogenized and shaped. Conveying assembly for the processing of fresh biomass consisting carrying holding platform, crusher - cutter, worm conveyor, rotary dryer, briquette press, and head of the briquetting tool, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that the carrying holding platform has fixed on it crusher-cutter, worm conveyor, rotary dryer, briquette press and head of the briquetting tool. There is crusher cutter by worm conveyor coupled with rotary dryer, which is coupled with briquette press having the head of briquetting tool fixed on it.

Head with the briquetting tool having clamping groove, screw thread and semiconed groove on its outer side, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that on the flange of the head slots are worked out with circular outlets on its ends, while in the hollow head on the inner cylindrical surface rest surface is continued, which is encircled by wider cylindrical surface with inlet coned surface continued on it and prolonged in inlet cylindrical surface, which is encircled by rest surface and whith cyllindrical surface continued on it. Between the slots in the head are worked out thermoregulatory channels. The longitudinal slots with circular outlets on ends are worked out on the flange of the hollow cylindrical guide, and on the other end of the guide integrally with it a cylindical ring externally drawn on. There slots and outlets of the guide suit to slots and outlets of the head. In hollow coned bush in the narrow part on the inner output coned surface cylindrical surface is continued, and inlet coned surface continued on it. There in the input coned surface of the head coned bush is rested on the cylindrical ring of the cylindrical guide. The hollow cylindrical input on one end encircled and integrally developed in cylindrical ring and with cylindrical surface worked out inside. There the input in head with ring is rested on rest surface and drawn in the input cylindrical surface and rested on the coned bush in it, where outlet of the inlet coned surface suits to cylindrical surface of the input .The impact piston on the top of the working parts is integrally developed in fan-shaped bulge, which is integrally developed in the projection in the centre, and where piston is movably drawn in the cylindrical surface ofthe input .

Ecological briquettes as fuel, as the products resulted from the procedure, according to this invention, have a novelty in that, that those are composed of cellulose, lignin, water, and those are homogenized and shaped.

Ecological briquettes as firelighters, as the products resulted from the procedure, according to this invention, have a novelty in that, that those are composed from cellulose, lignin, and water, paraffin and those are homogenized and shaped. Ecological scented briquettes, as the products resulted from the procedure, according to this invention, have a novelty in that, that those are composed from cellulose, lignin, water, essential oils, dextrose and those are homogenized and shaped.

Briquetting fodder, as the product resulted form the procedure, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that it is composed from the cellulose, lignin, dextrose, starch, proteins, water, fatty substance and it is homogenized and shaped.

Procedure for processing of fresh biomass according to this invention in consideration of existing procedures for processing of biomass has the advantage in that, that it is accomplished at the very place of biomass origination.

Also, procedure for processing of fresh biomass, in difference to existing procedures, has the advantage, in less exploatation of energents in biomass processing per item product.

Procedure for processing of ecollogical briquettes as fuel in difference to existing procedures, has the advantage in utilization of fresh biomass as starting raw material, which is annually and seasonally renewable.

Procedure for processing of eccollogical briquettes has further advantage in that, that the allowed percentage of humidity in raw material of fresh biomass is significantly higher than in experienced procedures so far.

Procedure for producing of ecollogical briquettes as fuel in consideration of existing procedures has the advantage in that, that it uses fresh and wet biomass instead of dry raw material.

Procedure for processing of ecollogical scented briquettes in difference to existing procedures has the advantage in that, that the time necessary for the accomplishment of the procedure is significantly shorter.

Procedure for producing briquetting fodder in difference to existing procedures has the advantage in that, that it uses except previously exploited raw materials used for that purpose, completely new raw materials and their combination with previously exploited raw materials, too. Conveying assembly for processing of fresh biomass in difference to existing industrial manufacturing and devices has the advantage in that, that it can be moved next to the place of origination of the fresh biomass as raw material, and that significantly saves the time of transport and utilization of energents necessary for production.

Conveying assembly for processing of fresh biomass as further advantage has in that, that it joins together already existing various devices as one technological unit, providing them, at the same time, possibility for new utilization.

Head with briquetting tool according to this invention and in difference to existing tools for briquetting of fuel, for producing briquetting fodder, or in tools for processing of fresh biomass has the advantage in that, that it gives higher homogenity to briquettes - volume weight per product.

Ecollogical briquettes as fuel according to this invention in consideration of existing briquettes as fuel have the advantage in that, that they give less ash, and sulphur and in that way effect to decrease in pollution of human environment and cause less acid rains.

Ecollogical briquettes as firelighters in difference to already existing, according to this invention have the advantage in that, that these provide faster, safer and more efficient lighting in any condition, in wind, at rain and snow.

Ecollogical scented briquettes, in difference to already existing, have the advantage in that, that these can be used with reppellent effect to harmful and tiresome insects as flies, mosquitoes and moths in shut and half-opened rooms.

Briquetting fodder in difference to existing briquettes as fodder has the advantage in that, that the durability of the said product is increased, and at the same time vitamines, minerals, and proteins, tars and essential aminoacids of starting raw materials are saved.

Briquetting fodder has the advantage in that, that it chiefly uses natural raw materials of vegetable origin, that is anyway herbivore food, and not waste raw materials of animal origin, and which have already prooved harmful health effects that are caused to the very animals fed by that, and all the other users in the chain of utilization of food, as for example on human beings consumating those animals. Briquetting fodder according to this invention has further advantage in that, that it significantly reduces volume of briquettes, by which handling and storage become easier, but at the place of utilization with the addition of water or other liquid it achieves the desired volume for consumation.

This invention is to be described in details in the following text giving reference to drawing where:

Fig. 1 shows conveying assembly for processing of fresh biomass,

Fig. 2 shows detached consisting parts of conveying assembly,

Fig. 3 shows axonometric representation ofthe head ofthe briquetting tool,

Fig. 4 shows cross-section along the axis 0-0 ' in Fig.3,

Fig. 5 shows particular part ofthe cross-section ofthe guide in Fig. 4,

Fig. 6 shows particular part ofthe diagonal section ofthe coned bush in Fig. 4,

Fig. 7 shows particular part ofthe diagonal section ofthe inlet in Fig. 4,

Fig. 8 shows particular part ofthe cross-section ofthe inlet piston from Fig. 4, and

Fig. 9 shows axonometric representation of the impact piston with protruding part and projection.

Procedure for processing of fresh biomass in ecological briquettes as fuel and fodder using as starting raw materials, fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, additional lignin, water, paraffin, dextrose, essential oils, starch, fatty substances and proteins, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that the cellulose from 22 mass% to 66 mass% with lignin from 6 mass% to 33 mass% from biomass and additional lignin, together with dextrose from 0,0 mass% to 14,5 mass%, starch from 0,0 mass% to 45 mass% and proteins from 0,0 mass% to 11,7 mass% are crushed to granulation from 0 mm to 10 mm. Thereafter the mass is mixed with water from 5,4 mass% to 46,15 mass%, paraffine from 0,0 mass% to 44 mass%, essential oils from 0,0 mass% to 0,4 mass%, and fatty substances from 0,0 mass% to 4,7 mass% at the temperature from 303 °K to 383 °K from 90 s to 140 s. Thereafter the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure from 0,1 MPa to 20 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Production procedure of ecological briquettes as fuel, using as starting raw materials fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, additional lignin and water, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that the cellulose from 56 mass% to 66 mass% with lignin from 21 mass% to 33 mass% from biomass and additional lignin are crushed to granulation from 0 mm to 10 mm. Thereafter it is mixed with water from 11 mass% to 16 mass% at the temperature from 343 °K to 363 °K during 90 s. Then the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure from 0,5 MPa to 20 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Production procedure of ecological briquettes as firelighters using as starting raw materials fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, additional lignin, water and paraffin, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that the cellulose from 22 mass% to 37 mass% with lignin from 18 mass % to 29 mass % from biomass and additional lignin are crushed to granulation from 0,0 mm to 0,5 mm. Thereafter it is mixed with water from 13 mass% to 16 mass% and paraffine from 29 mass% to 44 mass% at the temperature from 333 °K to 358 °K during 120 s. Upon that, the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure from 0,1 MPa to 0,3 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Production procedure of ecological scented briquettes using as starting raw materials fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, additional lignin, water, dextrose and essential oils, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that the cellulose from 27 mass% to 36,2 mass% with lignin from 18,45 mass% to 30,5 mass%, from biomass and additional lignin are crushed to granulation from 0,0 mm to 0,6 mm. Thereafter it is mixed with water from 31,15 mass% to 46,15 mass% and with the addition of essential oils from 0,25 mass% to 0,4 mass%, with dextrose from 5,5 mass% to 14,5 mass% at the temperature from 303 °K to 313 °K during 140 s. Upon that, the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure from 0,2 MPa to 0,5 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Production procedure of briquetting fodder using as starting raw materials fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, water, dextrose, starch, fatty substances, and proteins, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that the cellulose from 24 mass% to 35 mass% with lignin from 6 mass% to 11,7 mass% from biomass, together with dextrose from 3,1 mass% to 8,9 mass%, starch from 21,9 mass% to 45 mass% and proteins from 7,1 mass% to 11,7 mass% are crushed to granulation from 0,5 mm to 5 mm. Thereafter it is mixed with water from 5,4 mass% to 10,2 mass% and fatty substances from 1,8 mass% to 4,7 mass% at the temperature from 353 °K to 383 °K during 90 s. Then the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure from 0,3 MPa to 10 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped. As it can be seen in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, conveying assembly for the processing of fresh biomass consisting carrying holding platform 1, crusher - cutter 2, worm conveyor 3, rotary dryer 4, briquette press 5, and head A of the briquetting tool, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that at the carrying holding platform 1 are fixed crusher-cutter 2, worm conveyor 3, rotary dryer 4, briquette press 5 and head A of the briquetting tool. There is crusher cutter 2 by worm conveyor 3 coupled with rotary dryer 4, which is coupled with briquette press 5 having the head A of briquetting tool fixed on it.

As it is shown in Fig. 3 to Fig. 9, head with the briquetting tool having clamping groove SI, screw thread B2 and semiconed groove Bl on its outer side, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that on the flange of the head A slots AA are worked out with circular outlets AA1 on its ends, while in the hollow head A on the inner cylindrical surface AA2 rest surface AA6 is continued, which is encircled by wider cylindrical surface AA3 with inlet coned surface AA4 continued on it and prolonged in inlet cylindrical surface AA5, which is encircled by rest surface AA8 and whith cyllindrical surface AA9 continued on it. Between the slots AAin the head A are worked out thermoregulatory channels AA7. The longitudinal slots A12 with circular outlets A13 on ends are worked out on the flange of the hollow cylindrical guide Al, and on the other end of the guide Al integrally with it a cylindical ring Al l externally drawn on. There slots A12 and outlets A13 of the guide Al suit to slots AA and outlets AA1 of the head A. In hollow coned bush A2 in the narrow part on the inner output coned surface A21 cylindrical surface A22 is continued, and inlet coned surface A23 continued on it. There in the input coned surface AA4 of the head A coned bush A2 is rested on the cylindrical ring Al l of the cylindrical guide Al. The hollow cylindrical input A3 is on one end encircled and integrally developed in cylindrical ring A32 and with cylindrical surface A31 worked out inside. There the input A3 in head A with ring A32 is rested on rest surface AA8 and drawn in the input cylindrical surface AA5 and rested on the coned bush A2 in it, where outlet of the inlet coned surface A23 suits to cylindrical surface A31 of the input A3.The impact piston A4 on the top of the working parts is integrally developed in fan- shaped bulge A42, which is integrally developed in the projection A41 in the centre, and where piston A4 is movably drawn in the cylindrical surface A31 ofthe input A3.

Ecological briquettes as fuel, as the products resulted from the procedure, according to this invention, have a novelty in that, that those are composed of cellulose from 56 mass% to 66 mass%, lignin from 21 mass% to 33 mass%, water from 11 mass% to 16 mass%, and those are homogenized and shaped. Ecological briquettes as firelighters, as the products resulted from the procedure, according to this invention, have a novelty in that, that those are composed from cellulose from 22 mass% to 37 mass%, lignin from 18 mass% to 29 mass%, and water from 13 mass% to 16 mass%, paraffin from 29 mass% to 44 mass% and those are homogenized and shaped.

Ecological scented briquettes, as the products resulted from the procedure, according to this invention, have a novelty in that, that those are composed from cellulose from 27 mass% to 36,2 mass%, lignin from 18, 45 mass% to 30,5 mass%, water from 31,15 mass% to 46,15 mass%, essential oils from 0,25 mass% to 0,4 mass%, dextrose from 5,5 mass% to 14,5 mass% and those are homogenized and shaped.

Briquetting fodder, as the product resulted form the procedure, according to this invention, has a novelty in that, that it is composed from the cellulose from 24 mass% to 35 mass%, lignin from 6 mass% to 11,7 mass%, dextrose from 3,1 mass% to 8,9 mass%, starch from 21, 9 mass% to 45 mass%, proteins from 7,1 mass% to 11,7 mass%, water from 5,4 mass% to 10,2 mass% fatty substance from 1,8 mass% to 4,7 mass% and it is homogenized and shaped.

Head with tool for briquetting of fresh biomass is made of high-grade steels for the special purpose and particular demands of technical and surface treatment. The tool put in the head A has to have such a rested surface, that the tool under the specific force can be taken out for its replacement. Guide Al is worked out so that it can take up on itself axial and radial forces. Over its surface AA2 it carries over the warmth from the head to the briquette and inversely. The guide has the role even to provide the outlet to the surplus of the material at the slots A 12. Coned bush A2 takes up on itself strong forces, both the radial and axial ones. It therefore rests with its outer cone on the coned surface AA4 of the head A, which has the task to accept the force, and inner coned surface, having the higher inclination than outer coned surface, has the task of making and shaping of briquettes. Cyllindrical surface A22 has the task to bring the shaped briquette into the guide Al over the narrow coned surface A21. Input A3 takes up on itself axial forces and thus it has the ring A32 which rests in the head A on the surface AA8 and has to have designated shape. Through inner cyllindrical surface A31 material is introduced over the piston A4. Piston A4 has on its front appropriate bulge A42 so as to provide that each piston stroke by projection A41 the merge of the material after each tact. The piston introduces the material in the input A3, where the piston A4 introduces in the input A3 with noticeable interspace. The other end of the piston A4 is connected with the press 5 in appropriate way and according to the requirements ofthe constructive part ofthe press. The piston A4 has the horisontal rectilinear movement through the mixer for briquetting material. All the material procured in front of the piston A4, it pushes through input A3 into the coned bush A2. The head A with the briquetting tool is fixed to the briquette press 5 by the clamping groove that is tied with the head A in the semiconed groove Bl and to the frame of the press 5 over the adequate clamping screws, and clamping matrix in the thread B2. Head A with the tool that is connected in this way can accept fresh biomass and briquette it, i.e. to enlarge volume weight. The briquette product homogenized and shaped, in the head A, is packed in desired way.

Conveying assembly for the processing of fresh biomass has a platform 1, built from steel profiles that carries the rest of the equipment. Platform 1 is accomplished in such a way that it is easily carried over and held up with standard hoists with carrying capacity up to 5t. Platform 1 is equipped with levelling steps in order to level the platform even on the uneven areas. Fresh biomass is introduced into a spout that is a component ofthe crusher-cutter 2, that is to crush up all the material at required granulation. Thus, the crusher-cutter 2, is component having two operations: crushes up the mass by the cutters on the frame of the equipment, and cutters on the drums that rotate at large speed over the transmission belt that is driven by the electromotor. As to acchieve the desired granulation, the equipment has the adequate replaceable riddle with perforated holes. Crusher-cutter 2 is fixed up to platform 1 by appropriate screws. Worm conveyor 3 is equipped with accylindric tube having appropriate length, with a slot for the mass, and on its top end a spout for the introduction of the mass from the crusher-cutter 2. The shaft having two bearings and disks arranged along itself, is put in the inside of the tube. The task of the bearings and disks is to carry the mass under any angle toward the outlet. The upper part of the worm conveyor 3 has a variable reducer with electromotor. Worm conveyor 3 is fixed by the carrier to the platform 1 by the appropriate screws. Rotary drier 4 has on itself two slots for input and output of the mass. It consists of the firm frame having thermo insulation and inner rotary part with pails on the slope, so as to mix the mass and treat it thermally. Rotating part of the dryer 4 rotates round the two foot-holds, the shaft is turned round by the electromotor over the variable reducer. Dryer 4 has to be equipped with exchangers of heat that are attached to the source of heat generators. Dryer 4 is equipped with indicators of temperature and humidity so as to achieve the same quality of the mass in the mixture as consents appropriate temperature and humidity. Rotary drier 4 is fixed to platform

1, with the screws through the corresponding holders of the dryer. The outlet slot of the rotary drier 4 is firmly bound to briquette press 5. Briquette press 5 has the task to introduce the raw material mixed up in drier 4 into its own round-shaped tank, that has worm mixer on itself that introduces the mixture into the chamber placed in front of the piston A4. As the tank accepts the raw material for briquetting having different granulation according to the intended product, there are appropriate shapes of worm mixer. Worm mixer in the tank is driven by one electromotor with variable reducer. Briquette press 5 is equipped by the main electromotor that drives the mechanism for activation of the piston A4. Press 5 is equipped by hidraulic motor generating unit with cyllinders for clamping the head, and activation ofthe piston A4 for preliminary pressing. For automatic operation of the press the control case with keyboard for the whole equipment is required. Press 5 is fixed on the platform 1 by the corresponding screws, too. Piston A4 is put in the head A of the briquetting tool. The mixture from the press 5 is introduced in the head A with the briquetting tool where the piston A4 homogenizes and shapes it.

Examples for the accomplishment of the procedure Eccological briquettes as fuel

Example 1

Starting raw materials for ecollogical briquette as fuel are 40 kg of cellulose and 23 kg of lignin from the fresh biomass with needed addition of lignin up to 23 kg and 8 kg of water. Biomass and added lignin are first of all crushed at granulation of 10 mm and with water are mixed at the temperature of 353°K, during 90 s. Thereafter the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 0,5 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Example 2

Starting raw materials for ecollogical briquette as fuel are 45 kg of cellulose and 18 kg of lignin from the fresh biomass and with needed addition of lignin up to 20 kg and 12 kg of water.

Biomass and added lignin are first of all crushed at granulation of 0,8 mm and with water are mixed at the temperature of 343°K, during 90 s. Thereafter the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 10 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Example 3

Starting raw materials for ecollogical briquette as fuel are 48,5 kg of cellulose and 18,5 kg of lignin from the fresh biomass and with needed addition of lignin up to 20 kg and 10 kg of water. Biomass and added lignin are first of all crushed at granulation of 5 mm and with water are mixed at the temperature of 363°K, during 90 s. Thereafter the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 15 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped. Example 4

Starting raw materials for ecollogical briquette as fuel are 50 kg of cellulose and 20 kg of lignin from the fresh biomass with needed addition of lignin up to 20 kg and 14 kg of water. Biomass and added lignin are first of all crushed at granulation of 0,5 mm and with water are mixed at the temperature of 348,15°K, during 90 s. Thereafter the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 0,5 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Example 5

Starting raw materials for ecollogical briquette as fuel are 55 kg of cellulose and 17 kg of lignin from the fresh biomass with needed addition of lignin up to 17 kg and 11 kg of water. Biomass and added lignin are first of all crushed at granulation of 0 mm and with water are mixed at the temperature of 358°K, during 90 s. Thereafter the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 0,8 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Ecollogical briquettes as firelighters

Example 6

Starting raw materials in ecollogical briquettes as firelighters are 15 kg of cellulose, 20 kg of lignin, 24 kg of paraffin, and 10 kg of water. Crushed cellulose and lignin are granulated to 0,2 mm and are mixed with water, thereafter those are mixed with paraffin at the temperature of 351°K, during 120 s. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 0,3 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Example 7

Starting raw materials in ecollogical briquettes as firelighters are 20 kg of cellulose, 15 kg of lignin,

22 kg of paraffin, and 9 kg of water. Crushed cellulose and lignin are granulated to 0,4 mm and are mixed with water, thereafter those are mixed with paraffin at the temperature of 348°K, during 120 s. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 0,15 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Example 8

Starting raw materials in ecollogical briquettes as firelighters are 17 kg of cellulose, 14 kg of lignin,

23 kg of paraffin, and 8 kg of water. Crushed cellulose and lignin are granulated to 0 mm and are mixed with water, thereafter those are mixed with paraffin at the temperature of 333 °K, during 120 s. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 0,1 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Example 9

Starting raw materials in ecollogical briquettes as firelighters are 25 kg of cellulose, 12 kg of lignin, 20 kg of paraffin, and 11 kg of water. Crushed cellulose and lignin are granulated to 1 mm and are mixed with water, thereafter those are mixed with paraffin at the temperature of 339°K, during 120 s. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 0,2 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Example 10

Starting raw materials in ecollogical briquettes as firelighters are 22 kg of cellulose, 18 kg of lignin, 41 kg of paraffin, and 12 kg of water. Crushed cellulose and lignin are granulated to 0,3 mm and are mixed with water, thereafter those are mixed with paraffin at the temperature of 358°K, during 120 s. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 0,25 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Ecollogical scented briquettes Example 11

Starting raw materials of ecollogical scented briquettes are 15 kg of cellulose, 10 kg of lignin, 4 kg of dextrose, 0,5 kg of essential oils and 25 kg of water. Cellulose and lignin are crushed up to granulation of 0,1 mm and mixed with dextrose. The mixture is thereafter enriched with essential oils and with the addition of water it is mixed at the temperature of 310°K, during 140 s. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under piston area impact pressure of 0,2 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Example 12

Starting raw materials of ecollogical scented briquettes are 18 kg of cellulose, 15 kg of lignin, 6 kg of dextrose, 0,20 kg of essential oils and 23 kg of water. Cellulose and lignin are crushed up to granulation of 0,4 mm and are mixed with dextrose. The mixture is thereafter enriched with essential oils and with the addition of water it is mixed at the temperature of 303°K during 140 s. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under piston area impact pressure of 0,25 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped. Example 13

Starting raw materials of ecollogical scented briquettes are 16 kg of cellulose, 18 kg of lignin, 5 kg of dextrose, 0,17 kg of essential oils and 20 kg of water. Cellulose and lignin are crushed up to granulation of 0,2 mm and mixed with dextrose. The mixture is thereafter enriched with essential oils and with the addition of water is mixed at the temperature of 313°K during 140 s. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under piston area impact pressure of 0,4 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Example 14

Starting raw materials of ecollogical scented briquettes are 14 kg of cellulose, 12 kg of lignin, 7 kg of dextrose, 0,12 kg of essential oils and 15 kg of water. Cellulose and lignin are crushed up to granulation of 0,2 mm and mixed with dextrose. The mixture is thereafter enriched with essential oils and with the addition of water is mixed at the temperature of 308°K, during 140 s. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under piston area impact pressure of 0,3 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Example 15

Starting raw materials of ecollogical scented briquettes are 20 kg of cellulose, 14 kg of lignin, 3 kg of dextrose, 0,22 kg of essential oils and 18 kg of water. Cellulose and lignin are crushed up to granulation of 0,6 mm and mixed with dextrose. The mixture is thereafter enriched with essential oils and with the addition of water is mixed at the temperature of 305°K, during 140 s. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under piston area impact pressure of 0,5 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Ecollogical briquettes as fodder

Example 16

Starting raw materials of ecollogical briquettes as fodder are 16 kg of cellulose, 4 kg of lignin, 3 kg of dextrose, 5 kg of water, 30 kg of starch, 2 kg of fatty substance and 6 kg of proteins. Cellulose, starch and proteins are crushed at granulation of 0,5 mm, and are mixed with dextrose, fatty substances and water during 90 s, at the temperature of 353° K. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 0,3 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped. Example 17

Starting raw materials of ecollogical briquettes as fodder are 20 kg of cellulose, 5 kg of lignin, 5 kg of dextrose, 4 kg of water, 25 kg of starch, 1,5 kg of fatty substance and 5 kg of proteins.

Cellulose, starch and proteins are crushed at granulation of 0,3 mm and are mixed with dextrose, fatty substance and water during 90 s, at the temperature of 363° K. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 0,5 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Example 18

Starting raw materials of ecollogical briquettes as fodder are 18 kg of cellulose, 5 kg of lignin, 5 kg of dextrose, 3 kg of water, 20 kg of starch, 1 kg of fatty substance and 1 kg of proteins. Cellulose, starch and proteins are crushed at granulation of 1,5 mm, and are mixed with dextrose, fatty substance and water during 90 s, at the temperature of 368° K. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 0,8 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Example 19

Starting raw materials of ecollogical briquettes as fodder are 22 kg of cellulose, 6 kg of lignin, 2 kg of dextrose, 6 kg of water, 18 kg of starch, 3 kg of fatty substance and 7 kg of proteins. Cellulose, starch and proteins are crushed at granulation of 1mm and are mixed with dextrose, fatty substance and water during 90 s, at the temperature of 375° K. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 8 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Example 20

Starting raw materials of ecollogical briquettes as fodder are 24 kg of cellulose, 8 kg of lignin, 4 kg of dextrose, 7 kg of water, 15 kg of starch, 5 kg of fatty substance and 8 kg of proteins. Cellulose, starch and proteins are crushed at granulation of 5 mm, and are mixed with dextrose, fatty substance and water during 90 s, at the temperature of 383° K. The mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure of 10 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

Products forming part of the invention known as ecollogical briquettes as fuel have their power- supplying qualities as in Table 1. Table 1 - Technical properties of power supplying briquettes

For ecollogical briquettes as fuel from fresh biomass obtained in mentioned procedures power equivalent of each raw material can be estimated in comparison to obtained new-produced energy. Some average equivalent for the relation between invested energy and obtained energy is 1:5.

Ecollogical aspects of utilization of invention are in that, that products from fresh biomass and certain additives release at burning no sulphur or other harmful poisonous gases and at the same time have small quantity of ash. All lignocellulous materials that are results from photosynthesis belong to fresh biomass. Biomass as the main source of energy is important as a solution for energy resources. Biomass is precious raw material in the production of ecofuel and fodder. Among numerous materials of organic origin that can be used for mentioned products by briquetting, residues from agricultural production, forestry and wood processing are included, too. In application of the invention mentioned raw material represents new quality for obtaining eccollogical briquettes. Products obtained in this way have wide application in household and industry. Eccollogical advantages in utilization of this invention are immense and should be put afore all the other aspects From the ecollogical point of view, it is the most important to point out the quantities of ash and sulphur that most frequently contribute to the pollution of human environment. Ecollogical briquettes made of mentioned starting fresh biomass have in comparison to coals 2-7 times less ash and up to 400 times less sulphur. It can be said with certainty that the said products are entirely ecollogical as these make less possibility for formation of acid rains (sulphur acids). Table 2 - Quantities of ash and sulphur at burning

Considering global situation on our planet as regards the whole relations toward it, and particularly in view of its conditions, it is obvious that our approach to existing natural resources is violent, unrational short sighted and narrowminded. That responsibility to coming generations in respect to rational exploatation of power-suppling resources, and particularly those less used up to now, as with biomass, is not only economic, power or ecological matter but essential issue of existence duration of earth and our survival on it.

Claims

1. Procedure for processing of fresh biomass in ecological briquettes as fuel and fodder using as starting raw materials, fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, additional lignin, water, paraffin, dextrose, essential oils, starch, fatty substances and proteins, is characterized in that, that the cellulose from 22 mass% to 66 mass% with lignin from 6 mass% to 33 mass% from biomass and additional lignin, together with dextrose from 0,0 mass% to 14,5 mass%, starch from 0,0 mass% to 45 mass% and proteins from 0,0 mass% to 11,7 mass% are crushed to granulation from 0 mm to 10 mm and are mixed with water from 5,4 mass% to 46,15 mass%, paraffine from 0,0 mass% to 44 mass%, essential oils from 0,0 mass% to 0,4 mass%, and fatty substances from 0,0 mass% to 4,7 mass% at the temperature from 303 °K to 383 °K from 90 s to 140 s and thereafter the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure from 0,1 MPa to 20 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

2. Production procedure of ecological briquettes as fuel, using as starting raw materials fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, additional lignin and water according to claim 1, is characterized in that, that the cellulose from 56 mass% to 66 mass% with lignin from 21 mass% to 33 mass% from biomass and additional lignin are crushed to granulation from 0 mm to 10 mm and with water from 11 mass% to 16 mass% at the temperature from 343 °K to 363 °K are mixed 90 s and thereafter the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure from 0,5 MPa to 20 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

3. Production procedure of ecological briquettes as firelighters using as starting raw materials fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, additional lignin, water and paraffin according to claim 1, is characterized in that, that the cellulose from 22 mass% to 37 mass% with lignin from 18 mass % to 29 mass % from biomass and additional lignin are crushed to granulation from 0,0 mm to 0,5 mm and with water from 13 mass% to 16 mass% and paraffine from 29 mass% to 44 mass% are mixed at the temperature from 333 °K to 358°K during 120 s and thereafter the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure from 0,1 MPa to 0,3 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

4. Production procedure of ecological scented briquettes using as starting raw materials fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, additional lignin, water, dextrose and essential oils according to claim 1, is characterized in that, that the cellulose from 27 mass% to 36,2 mass% with lignin from 18,45 mass% to 30,5 mass %, from biomass and additional lignin are crushed to granulation from 0,0 mm to 0,6 mm and with water from 31,15 mass% to 46,15 mass% as well with the addition of essential oils from 0,25 mass % to 0,4 mass %, with dextrose from 5,5 mass% to 14,5 mass% at the temperature from 303 °K to 313 ^CK are mixed 140 s and thereafter the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure from 0,2 MPa to 0,5 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

5. Production procedure of briquetteting fodder using as starting raw materials fresh biomass composed of cellulose and lignin, water dextrose, starch, fatty substances, and proteins according to claim 1, is characterized in that, that the cellulose from 24 mass% to 35 mass% with lignin from 6 mass% to 11,7 mass % from biomass, together with dextrose from 3,1 mass % to 8,9 mass %, starch from 21,9 mass% to 45 mass% and proteins from 7,1 mass% to 11,7 mass% are crushed to granulation from 0,5 mm to 5 mm and with water from 5,4 mass% to 10,2 mass% and fatty substances from 1,8 mass% to 4,7 mass % at the temperature from 353 °K to 383 °K are mixed 90 s and then the mixture is introduced in the shaping tool, where under the piston area impact pressure from 0,3 MPa to 10 MPa, it is homogenized and shaped.

6. Conveying assembly for the processing of fresh biomass consisting carrying holding platform 1, crusher - cutter 2, worm conveyor 3, rotary dryer 4, briquette press 5, and head (A) of the briquetting tool, is characterized in that, that at the carrying holding platform (1) are fixed crusher-cutter (2), worm conveyor (3) rotary dryer (4), briquette press (5) and head (A) of the briquetting tool, and where crusher cutter (2) by worm conveyor (3) is coupled with rotary dryer (4), which is coupled with briquette press (5), with the head (A) of briquetting tool fixed on it.

7. Head with the briquetting tool having clamping groove SI, screw thread B2 and semiconed groove Bl on its outer side, is characterized in that, that on the flange of the head (A) slots (AA) are worked out with circular outlets (AAl) on its ends, while in the hollow head (A) on the inner cylindrical surface (AA2) rest surface (AA6) is continued, which is encircled by wider cylindrical surface (AA3) with inlet coned surface (AA4) continued on it and prolonged in inlet cylindrical surface (AA5), which is encircled by rest surface (AA8) and whith cyllindrical surface (AA9) continued on it, and between the slots (AA) in the head (A) are worked out thermoregulatory channels (AA7), and that longitudinal slots (A 12) with circular outlets (A13) on ends are worked out on the flange of the hollow cylindrical guide (Al), and on the other end of the guide (Al) integrally with it a cylindical ring (Al l) externally drawn on, and where slots (A 12) and outlets (A13) of the guides (Al) suit to slots (AA) and outlets (AAl) of the head (A), and in hollow coned bush (A2) in the narrow part on the inner output coned surface (A21) cylindrical surface (A22) is continued, and inlet coned surface (A23) continued on it, and where in the input coned surface (AA4) of the head (A) coned bush (A2) is rested on the cylindrical ring (Al l) of the cylindrical guide (Al), and that hollow cylindrical input (A3) is on one end encircled and integrally developed in cylindrical ring (A32) and with cylindrical surface (A31) worked out inside, where the input (A3) in head (A) with ring (A32) is rested on rest surface (AA8) and drawn in the input cylindrical surface (AA5) and rested on the coned bush (A2) in it, where outlet of the inlet coned surface (A23) suits to cylindrical surface (A31) ofthe input (A3), and where impact piston (A4) on the top of the working parts is integrally developed in fan-shaped bulge (A42), which is integrally developed in the projection (A41) in the centre, and where piston (A4) is movably drawn in the cylindrical surface (A31) ofthe input (A3).

8. Ecological briquettes as fuel, as the products resulted from the procedure, are characterized in that, that those are composed of cellulose from 56 mass% to 66 mass%, lignin from 21 mass% to 33 mass%, water from 11 mass% to 16 mass%, and those are homogenized and shaped.

9. Ecological briquettes as firelighters, as the products resulted from the procedure, are characterized in that, that those are composed from cellulose from 22 mass% to 37 mass%, lignin from 18 mass% to 29 mass%, and water from 13 mass% to 16 mass%, paraffin from 29 mass% to 44 mass%, and those are homogenized and shaped.

10. Ecological scented briquettes, as the products resulted from the procedure, are characterized in that, that those are composed from cellulose from 27 mass% to 36,2 mass%, lignin from 18, 45 mass% to 30,5 mass%, water from 31,15 mass% to 46,15 mass%, essential oils from 0,25 mass% to 0,4 mass%, dextrose from 5,5 mass% to 14,5 mass%, and those are homogenized and shaped.

11. Briquetting fodder, as the product resulted form the procedure, are characterized in that, that it is composed from the cellulose from 24 mass% to 35 mass%, lignin from 6 mass% to 11,7 mass%, dextrose from 3,1 mass% to 8,9 mass%, starch from 21, 9 mass % to 45 mass%, proteins from 7,1 mass% to 11,7 mass%, water from 5,4 mass% to 10,2 mass%, fatty substance from 1,8 mass% to 4,7 mass%, and it is homogenized and shaped.