CZ2016748A3 - Mass of waste materials of biological origin for the production of fuel intended for direct incineration and a method of production of fuel from waste materials of biological origin - Google Patents

Abstract

The mass of waste materials of biological origin and biodegradable, containing biogenic elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, for the production of direct combustion fuel, contains an initial humidity of 40-70% by weight. % water and at least 25 wt. organic matter. The total mass of the mass is at least 3,000 kg and is stacked up to a height of max. 3 m into a formation with a vertical axis cross-section in the form of an isosceles or equilateral triangle, or a trapezoid or rectangle. The meat consists of two basic groups of substances, on the one hand juicy substances with a water content of 5-98% by weight, on the other hand, on non-juicy substances (2), in an amount of at least 15% of the total weight. masses. The juicy substances (1) are at least one type of sludge substance, such as sludges from urban waste water treatment plants and / or sludges from industrial waste water treatment plants. Non-volatile substances (2) are lignocellulosic materials and / or packaging and parts thereof from the commercial and / or municipal sphere and / or other cellulose-containing materials with a fraction of 15 to 750 mm. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a fuel, wherein the individual mass-forming components are deposited in layers under normal atmospheric conditions and stacked as meat in a formation having a maximum height of 4 m, which drops to a desired height of at most 3 m after dismounting. in an area at least 0.8 m above the base and at least 0.8 m below the surface of the mass. The process ends when the temperature fluctuates at a stable temperature of max. 40 ° C.

Description

Mass of waste materials of biological origin for the production of fuel for direct combustion and method of producing fuel from waste materials of biological origin

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a composition of a biodegradable mass of waste materials of primarily biological origin containing biogenic elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, for the production of direct combustion fuel, located to start the production process in an aerobic atmosphere of conventional atmospheric gases. It also relates to a method of producing fuel from a biodegradable mass of waste materials of biological origin.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are currently several ways to dispose of or recover waste materials of biological origin. The best-known is composting, which is an aerobic process of decomposing material of usually vegetable origin, taking place under certain conditions with the help of microorganisms. The resulting product is usually used for fertilization or as part of a plant growing substrate. The disadvantage of this process is that no harmful substances are removed from the starting mass, such as oil substances, drug and drug residues, hormones, heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, poisons, dyes, etc.

In nature, also in the long-term process, the so-called carbonation (or ulmification) of the mass of plant material can be observed, resulting in a combustible material such as peat or coal. However, due to the very long process, it is difficult to use for the practical use of bio-waste disposal.

There is a continuing need for the disposal or recovery of bio-waste, substances that are difficult to recover and hazardous or hazardous in their original form. The chemical-biological heating process seems to be suitable, which should result in an easily combustible mass with significant calorific value and good fuel properties. However, the start-up and intensity of the process is highly dependent on the chemical, biological and physical properties of the starting mass. This appears to be a considerable problem, since the improper composition of the mass does not proceed to the desired intensity or extent.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a composition and properties of a starting mass of waste materials of biological origin, and to create conditions such that it can start spontaneously and with sufficient speed to undergo a chemical-biological heating process. , usable as fuel for direct combustion.

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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object is achieved by the invention, which is a mass of waste materials of biological origin and biodegradable, containing biogenic elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, for the production of direct combustion fuel, located in an aerobic environment in the presence of air oxygen and other atmospheric gases. The essence of the technical solution is that the meat contains a starting moisture of 40 - 70% by weight of water and at least 25% by weight of water. organic matter, where the total mass of the meat is at least 3 000 kg and is piled up to a height of max. 3 m into a unit with vertical axial cross section in the shape of an isosceles or equilateral triangle, or trapezoid or rectangle. The meat consists of at least two basic groups of substances, namely juicy substances with a water content of 5-98% by weight, as a source of microflora and water inoculum, and also non-juicy substances, at least 15% of the total mass of the meat, as a source of reducing agents and structural substances. By juicy substances is meant at least one kind of sludge-type substances which consist of a liquid phase and a solid phase dispersed in the liquid phase. By non-volatile substances is meant cellulose-containing materials with a fraction of 15,750 mm. Juicy substances are sludges from urban wastewater treatment plants and / or sludges from industrial wastewater treatment plants and / or materials of less sludge character. The non-volatile substances are lignocellulosic materials

and / or packaging and parts thereof, commercial and / or municipal and / or other cellulose-containing materials.

In addition, the sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants is selected from the group of sludges: primary sludge, secondary sludge, tertiary sludge, raw sludge, anaerobically stabilized sludge, aerobically stabilized sludge, chemically stabilized sludge, physically stabilized sludge, dewatered sludge. Sludges from industrial waste water treatment plants are selected from the group of sludges: pulp and paper sludge, plywood sludge and waste fibers from fibreboard production, livestock manure, manure, bedding, sludge from other production. Less sludge materials are selected from the group of materials: carrots, silage, haylage, fruits, vegetable fats and oils, agar and gelatin residues, biotechnological production media, biogas plant products, aquatic plants and animals, waste and surpluses from food.

The lignocellulosic materials are dendromase and / or phytomase. Packaging and parts thereof from the commercial and / or municipal sphere are selected from the group of materials: paper, cardboard, cardboard, beverage and food packaging of combination materials such as TetraPaks. Other materials are selected from the group of materials: banknotes, pulp products.

It is also essential for the mass of waste materials according to the invention that, for maximum effect, it is piled up into a substantially pyramidal formation with a crest or peak height of at least 1.5 m and a maximum of 2.5 m, the total mass of the meat being over 3,000 kg. preferably above 10,000 kg.

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Preferably, the meat contains 50-65 wt. % water.

At least a portion of the juicy substances may be replaced by adjuvants such as a reagent to increase the reaction area and / or a heat insulating agent. These excipients consist of lignocellulosic auxiliary material and / or mining and / or mining sludge and / or other waste. The auxiliary lignocellulosic material is selected from the group of materials: sawdust and shavings, straw pulp, bones, fruits and their parts and shells, husks, scrap, bran, grass, water biomass, and other waste is selected from the group of materials: bottom sediments, rubber products , tannery waste.

The essence of the method for producing fuel from waste materials of biological origin is that the individual components are deposited in layers under normal atmospheric conditions to form the mass, wherein the individual components are selected and / or replenished according to the moisture content, with the starting moisture of the mass. - 70 wt. mass, and the resulting bulk flow allows the individual to maintain a piled shape. Subsequently, they are mechanically mixed into a homogeneous composition and even moisture distribution and then rolled as a meat into a body with a maximum height of 4 m, which after descent drops to the desired height of no more than 3 m. The flesh is mechanically and / or pneumatically mixed and homogenised again. At the same time, leakage of leaches from the lower part of the meat is monitored, where when the leaches are formed, due to excessive deposition or leakage of moisture into the lower layer, the meat is mechanically and / or •

pneumatically mixed and homogenized again. At the same time, the temperature evolution in the area of at least 0.8 m above the base and at least 0.8 m below the surface of the meat is monitored, while in case of premature stagnation the meat is repeatedly mixed, after which the process ends.

The advantage and greater effect of the invention is not only to obtain a fuel with significant calorific value, but in particular to neutralize and / or decompose the pollutants present in the starting meat. During the process of chemical-biological heating and conversion of the starting substances and subsequently the controlled combustion of the resulting substance - fuel, the vast majority of undesirable substances are finally and completely destroyed. This minimizes their impact on the environment and provides usable fuel for direct combustion.

Overview of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the stacked mass according to the invention in the post-start phase. Fig. 2 shows in detail a portion of the mass with reaction zones and microorganisms after the start of the process.

1 and 2 show a schematic representation of a natural process in accordance with the invention. Area A is a passive zone, arrow B shows the transfer

air mass, arrow C is the natural leakage of thermal energy from the heated zone and arrow D is the natural leakage of thermal energy from the intense heating zone. The areas E are the individual particles of the mass, F is the moisture on the surface of the particles, G represents the functional microorganisms on the surface of the particles, and H is the space between the particles where the most important reactions take place.

The figures and description are supplemented by a Table where the mass composition according to the technical solution is schematically illustrated and described and the process of processing the components is schematically illustrated.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Before describing a few examples of the particular composition of the meat according to the invention, the basic characteristics of the chemico-biological heating process are given.

A mass of materials with certain biological, chemical and physical properties must be formed to start the process spontaneously. Masa, respectively. its constituents are of biological origin and biodegradable, containing biogenic elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen. Materials need not be exactly defined, but must meet certain parameters. Important for the process are:

- the content of organic and inorganic constituents

- chemical and biological properties of the constituents •

- Percentage of individual components

- the content of bound and free moisture in the meat

- particle size

- Percentage of smaller and larger particles

- the total volume and shape of the meat

- bulk density

- porosity

- thermal insulation properties of the mass

- concentration of gases

- the duration of the process

- ambient conditions

In the course of the process, the bonds in the components are thermally cleaved and their chemical composition changes to form other substances. The structure and structure of materials vary depending on the size of the pores and capillaries that affect the transfer of oxygen, heat and gas permeation. The shapes and sizes of the particles, such as dimensions, number of edges and fillets, different angles on the particles, also affect the ongoing processes. The process is faster and more intense for materials with rough and porous surfaces than for materials with smooth particles. Thermodynamic properties such as mass and thermal capacity of materials, thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient, etc. are also important.

• · ·

Creating suitable conditions for initiating and maintaining the above process is essential for the actual technical solution. This is achieved by appropriate composition of the mass and ensuring its important parameters.

The process starts immediately or after a very short time from the formation of the base mass, first in individual bearings, which gradually grow and expand to the whole mass. The process takes place automatically in individual phases, evolving over time. Since the very nature of the chemico-biological heating process cannot be the subject of a technical solution, its detailed explanation is not important here.

What is important, however, is how to ensure that the process runs efficiently, or what steps to take to optimize the process. This requires:

1. Monitor the composition of the meat with a total organic matter content of at least 25% by weight, preferably above 35% by weight.

2. Achieve the correct chemical and biological properties of the meat by consisting of two basic groups of substances, namely juicy substances 1 with a water content of 5 - 98% by weight, as a source of microflora and water inoculum, and non-juicy substances 2 hm. mass, preferably above 25 wt. masses as a source of reducing agents and structural substances. Part of the non-volatile substances 2 may be replaced by auxiliaries 3, such as an agent for increasing the reaction area and / or a heat insulating agent, i.e. to optimize the physical properties of the mass.

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3. To achieve the initial moisture content of the meat after mixing before starting the process 40 70% wt. % water, preferably 50-65 wt.

4. Providing and maintaining as much thermal energy as possible, which varies at different stages of the process. As a rule, however, the cooling due to the environment must be lower than the heating due to the ongoing process. The ideal development of the process occurs when the temperature rises to about 50-55 ° C within 72 hours of formation, and / or when the temperature rises by 5-7 ° C in 24 hours. The highest process intensity occurs at temperatures above 60 ° C. It is desirable that the temperature of the meat exceed 60 ° C within 96-120 hours of the formation of the meat, since under these conditions the optimum course of individual processes occurs. As the temperature of the mass increases, the rate and intensity of the reactions increase. With a temperature increase of 10 ° C, the reaction rate is increased 2 to 4 times.

5. Ensure the correct amount of oxidizing and reducing agents in the meat. Oxidizing agents initiate and maintain the process, reducing agents oxidize during the process. This technical solution is characterized by utilizing the most available oxidizing agent, which is air oxygen. It is desirable to form about 21% of the volume of the gaseous component of the mass when mixed with the other atmospheric gases. Maintaining the amount of air oxygen in the meat must adapt to the porosity and bulk density of the meat, its shape and height, as well as the size of the individual fractions, the proportion of the larger and smaller particles, the diversity of the particle shapes. Larger amounts of small particles increase the reaction area, larger particles ensure the porosity of the mass.

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6. Adjust the size, structure, shape and amount of the particles before mixing the starting mass mixture. It is important for the process to ensure and maintain its physical properties in particular. The minimum weight should be at least 3000 kg, but preferably more than 10,000 kg. The ideal shape of the piled mass for maximum effect is essentially a pyramidal saddle with a crest or apex height of at least 1.5 m and a maximum of 2.5 m, with a vertical axial cross section in the shape of an isosceles or equilateral triangle, or less preferably trapezoidal or rectangular. . Such a shape and weight of the meat ensures sufficient permeation for atmospheric gases, avoiding excessive bursting of the meat, while maintaining the desired bulk density and porosity of the meat and its thermal insulating properties. Ideally, a layer of 1.5 to 2.5 m usually insulates the resulting bearings of the self-heating process very well. In order to achieve maximum effect, the layer should not be higher than 3 m. For higher layers above 3 meters, the meat is compacted, porosity is reduced and the necessary oxygen content is reduced.

It is important to note that in many cases it is advisable to eliminate the formation of gases, especially NH3, H2S, CO2 and CH4, or to promote their leakage, because they can have a negative effect on transformation processes.

When regrouping the mass, it is possible to add other substances to improve the parameters to positively influence the process, its speed and efficiency.

• · · ·

The termination of the process results in a spontaneous lowering of the meat temperature, a change in the original moisture, texture and appearance.

1 and 2 show a schematic representation of a natural process in accordance with the invention. Area A is a passive zone, arrow B represents the mass transfer of air, arrow C is a natural leakage of thermal energy from a heated zone zone, and arrow D is a natural leakage of thermal energy from an intense heating zone. The areas E are the individual particles of the mass, F is the moisture on the surface of the particles, G represents the functional microorganisms on the surface of the particles, and H is the space between the particles where the most important reactions take place.

For the sake of clarity, the groups of substances listed in point 2 are organized in a Table. The following must be considered:

There are practically three groups of substances, namely juicy substances 1, non-juicy substances 2 and auxiliary substances 3.

The juicy substances 1 are at least one kind of sludge-type substances which consist of a liquid phase and a solid phase dispersed in a liquid phase. These are sludges from urban wastewater treatment plants 1a and / or sludges from industrial wastewater treatment plants lb and / or materials of less sludge character lc.

Sludges from urban wastewater treatment plants la are selected from the group of sludges: primary sludge lal, secondary sludge la2, tertiary sludge la3, raw sludge la4, anaerobically stabilized sludge la5, aerobically stabilized sludge la5, chemically stabilized sludge la7, physically stabilized sludge la8, drained kaly la9.

Sludges from industrial waste water treatment plants lb are selected from the group of sludges: pulp from pulp and paper production lbl, sludges from plywood production and waste fibers from fibreboard production lb2, livestock manure, manure, bedding lb3, sludges from other lb4 production.

Materials of less sludge character lc are selected from the group of materials: carrots, silage, lei hay, fruits lc2, vegetable fats and oils lc3, residues from agar and gelatin lc4 production, nutrients from lc5 biotechnology production, products from lc6 biogas plants, aquatic plants and lc7 animals, food waste and surplus lc8.

The non-volatile substances 2 are cellulose-containing materials with a fraction of 15,750 mm. These are lignocellulosic materials 2a and / or packaging and parts thereof from the commercial and / or municipal sphere 2b and / or other cellulose-containing materials 2c.

The lignocellulosic materials 2a are dendromase 2a and / or phytomase 2a2.

Packaging and parts thereof from the commercial and / or municipal sphere 2b are selected from the group of materials: paper 2bl, cardboard 2b2, cardboard 2b3, beverage and food containers 2b4 of combination materials such as TetraPaks.

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Other materials 2c are selected from the group of materials: banknotes 2cl, pulp products 2c2.

The excipients 3 are lignocellulosic material 3a and / or mining and / or mining sludge 3b and / or other waste 3c.

The auxiliary lignocellulosic material 3a is selected from the group of materials: sawdust and shavings 3a1, straw pulp 3a2, bones, fruits and parts and shells 3a3, husks, meals, bran 3a4, grass 3a5, water biomass 3a6.

Other waste 3c is selected from the group of materials: bottom sediments 3cl, rubber products 3c2, tanner waste 3c4.

All materials should be suitably treated before mixing into the meat. If desired, the juicy substances 1 are usually subjected to drying or drying, sedimentation or other kinds of component separation, dewatering, sterilization or pasteurization, etc. The non-volatile substances 2 are usually mechanically treated, crushed, chipped, cut, milled and screened. The excipients 3 are treated according to their nature chemically and / or mechanically, for example by drying and drying, dewatering, separating, hygienizing, etc.

After preparation, the individual components are weighed, metered and mixed into a relatively homogeneous bulk. This is piled up to the appropriate pyramid shape or saddle shape with a comb line. In common • · · * ♦ · • ·

Under atmospheric conditions, the desired process is started practically within hours if the composition and parameters of the meat according to the invention.

During the process it is possible to control parameters such as humidity and temperature, eventually the presence of various gases, etc. If necessary, or to speed up the process, it is advisable to rearrange, mix or add other substances to adjust the parameters. The result is a combustible mass - a fuel with good calorific value, which can be directly combusted for the subsequent production of thermal or electrical energy. The whole process is characterized by a synergistic effect in obtaining the energy potential of the mass. The calorific value of the final fuel is higher than the sum of the calorific values of the input materials.

The handling and preparation of the meat in practice is usually such that the input components, in which at least 80% by weight of the resulting meat are fractions of maximum 750 mm, are piled up to a pile of maximum 4 m high. The advantage of a triangular or trapezoidal vertical cross-section of the mass is that air is drawn in from the surrounding environment to the base of the mass. As air passes through the core of the mass, it is intensely heated and heated exits and escapes through the top of the mass, thereby achieving movement in the meat.

When creating a pile, the components are combined and stacked. The total humidity is monitored with respect to the resulting starter mass being 40-70% by weight. masses. The resulting mass flow is also monitored, which allows the individual shape to be maintained independently. The components are mechanically agitated to a homogeneous composition and uniform moisture distribution and piled as meat into the formation. If the formation is already sufficiently homogeneous after the lamination of the components and keeps the shape due to suitable flowability, mixing is not necessary. Separate holding of the shape is a sign of correct mechanical composition with appropriate moisture. Thereafter, the surface drying of the meat associated with the mass of the mass is monitored, where the mass of the mass produced is mechanically and / or pneumatically mixed and re-homogenized. This is because the mass occurs when the meat on the surface is too dry. Leakage of leaches from the lower part of the meat is also monitored where, when the leaches are formed, due to excessive deposition or leakage of moisture into the lower layer, the meat is re-mixed mechanically and / or pneumatically, homogenised and distributed throughout the volume, oxygen is consumed intensively in the process. A lowered, possibly too wet, soaked backsheet would reduce the gaseous component required for the process. At the same time, the temperature development in the area at least 0.8 m above the base and at least 0.8 m below the mass surface is monitored. Temperature must be measured regularly, optimally daily, or continuously with special probes. The basic monitored parameter is the constantly rising trend of temperature. It is not as important how fast the temperature rises, but it must increase. The rise in temperature is not infinite, but if stagnation or a drop in temperature is observed, the meat must be mixed again. This will automatically cool the meat, but the reaction will cause the temperature to rise again. In this way, the meat is repeatedly heated and cooled, resulting in a typical jagged temperature profile. At the beginning of the process are «r t

The changes are very significant, but over time they moderate and the fluctuations become flat, which is a hallmark of the gradual depletion of usable energy. Normally temperatures above 55 ° C are reached during the process, ideally the temperature rises above 70 - 75 ° C, thereby hygienizing the meat.

By repeatedly increasing the temperature and subsequent cooling, which is ensured by mechanical and / or pneumatic agitation, the appropriate values for the operation of the process are simply achieved:

- the oxygen content of the gaseous component of the meat does not fall below 12% of the volume of the gaseous component

- the CO2 content of the gaseous component of the mass does not exceed 30% of the volume of the gaseous component

- the nitrogen content of the gaseous component of the meat does not exceed 25% of the volume of the gaseous component

- the moisture in the meat is uniform throughout the volume

- due to the structure, air pockets are formed in which the most intense reactions take place.

If the temperature after repeated mixing does not rise above 40 ° C during measurement, it is a sign of exhaustion of usable energy for processes in meat and the process ends. In this case, the meat has reached its peak and can be used as a fuel. It is not always necessary to wait for this to happen, the process can be terminated sooner, but the fuel properties will be worse.

This fuel can be sorted, crushed, added to improve the parameters before use, possibly dried and granulated, extruded, etc. Depending on the nature of the input substances, especially with regard to the pollutants contained therein, an analysis is carried out to control chemical and physical properties of the fuel and control of the removal of pollutants, ideally for their complete degradation into harmless substances.

Specific exemplary mass compositions:

Example 1:

Meat composition with a total weight of 126 000 kg:

000 kg anaerobically stabilized sludges la5 from sewage treatment plant

000 kg product from lc6 biogas plants - digestate

000 kg phytomass 2a2 - wheat straw

000 kg dendromasa 2al - wood chips

To adjust the parameters, after 10 days:

000 kg sawdust and shavings 3al - wood sawdust

000 kg dendromasa 2al - wood chips

Initial moisture of the meat: 62.3% wt.

The process of chemical-biological self-heating lasted 29 days

Moisture before combustion of the resulting fuel material: 33.6% wt.

Calorific value: 9.52 MJ / kg.

Example 2

Meat composition with a total weight of 108 000 kg:

• · · · ·

000 kg raw sludge la4 from sewage treatment plant

000 kg mine sludge 3b

000 kg_phytomass 2a2 - wheat straw

000 kg cut grass 3a5

000 kg_dendromasa 2al - wood chips

000 kg of bran 3a4 - cereal husks

Initial moisture of the meat: 64.2% wt.

The chemical-biological self-heating process lasted 19 days

Moisture before combustion of the resulting fuel material: 43.5 wt.

Calorific value: 7.34 MJ / kg.

Example 3

Meat composition with a total weight of 110 000 kg:

000 kg anaerobically stabilized sludges la5 from sewage treatment plant

000 kg cow manure lb3

000 kg dendromasa 2al - tree leaves

000 kg straw pulp 3a2 - fine pulp of rapeseed straw

000 kg_dendromasa 2al - wood chips

000 kg rubber products 3c2 - crushed tires

Initial moisture content of the meat: 66.1% wt.

....... . .. ·: ί · ··. ·; \

. · ···. · ·. · · · .. *. ····· · ·· ··· ·

The chemical-biological self-heating process lasted 18 days

Moisture before combustion of the resulting fuel material: 54.9% wt.

Calorific value: 6.78 MJ / kg.

Example 4

Meat composition with a total weight of 102 000 kg:

000 kg pulp and paper lbl

000 kg of nutrient medium from biotechnological production lc5 - deactivated, from pharmaceutical production

000 kg sludges from other production lb4 - from industrial wastewater treatment plant from pharmaceutical production

000 kg_dendromasa 2al - wood chips

000 kg cut grass 3a5

000 kg beverage and food packaging 2b4 - crushed packaging type TetraPak

000 kg crushed cardboard 2b2

Initial moisture of the meat: 61.8% wt.

The chemical-biological self-heating process lasted 21 days

Moisture before combustion of the resulting fuel material: 45.5 wt.

Calorific value: 7.24 MJ / kg.

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Example 5

Meat composition with a total weight of 106 000 kg:

000 kg anaerobically stabilized sludges la5 from sewage treatment plant

000 kg tannery wastes 3c3 - bark, subcutaneous fat and hair from cowhide processing

000 kg dendromasa 2al - tree bark

000 kg waste paper 2b 1 and crushed cardboard 2b2 - unsorted crushed mixture

000 kg hay lei

000 kg food surplus lc8 - solid waste from the manufacture of sweet and savory pastries in the form of product fragments not meeting the quality parameters and samples taken during production

000 kg dendromass 2a 1 - biodegradable orchard waste in the form of branches, leaves, tree trimmings

000 kg cut grass 3a5 and fruit fruits lc2 - from orchard

Initial moisture content of the meat: 67.2% wt.

The chemical-biological self-heating process lasted 42 days

Moisture before combustion of the resulting fuel material: 39.4% wt.

Calorific value: 8.58 MJ / kg.

• • •

Industrial applicability

The composition of the mass of waste materials according to the technical solution for the production of fuel for direct combustion and the method of production of this fuel are intended for industrial disposal of bio-waste and at the same time production of fuel for direct combustion or further treatment.

Claims (7)

Patent claims 1. Mass of waste materials of biological origin and biodegradable, containing biogenic elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, for the production of direct combustion fuel, located in an aerobic environment in the presence of air oxygen and other atmospheric gases, characterized in that contains starting humidity 40 - 70% wt. water and at least 25 wt. organic matter, where the total mass of the meat is at least 3 000 kg and is piled up to a height of max. 3 m into a unit with vertical axial cross-section in the shape of an isosceles or equilateral triangle or trapezoid or rectangle. juicy substances (1) having a water content of 5 to 98% by weight, as a source of microflora and water inoculum, both non-juicy substances (2), at least 15% by weight of the total mass, as a source of reducing agents and structural substances; ) is at least one kind of sludge substance consisting of a liquid phase and a solid phase dispersed in a liquid phase, and wherein the non-volatile substances (2) are cellulose-containing materials having a fraction of 15 - 750 mm, the juicy substances (1) being sludges from urban wastewater treatment plants (Ia) and / or industrial wastewater treatment plant sludges (lb) and / or materials These sludge character (c), and wherein nešťavnatými substances (2) are lignocellulosic materials (2a) and / or the packaging and delivery of commercial and / or municipal sectors (2b), and / or other materials (2c) containing cellulose. • · · · Mass of waste materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the sludges from urban waste water treatment plants (1a) are selected from the group of sludges: primary sludge (lal), secondary sludge (la2), tertiary sludge (la3), raw sludge (la3). la4), anaerobically stabilized sludge (la5), aerobically stabilized sludge (la6), chemically stabilized sludge (la7), physically stabilized sludge (la8), dewatered sludge (la9), sewage sludge (1b) are selected from the group sludges: pulp and paper sludge (lb 1), plywood sludge and fibreboard waste (lb2), livestock manure, manure, bedding (lb3), sludge from other production (lb4), materials with less sludge character (lc) are selected from the group of materials: carrots, silage, haylage (lcl), fruits (lc2), vegetable fats and oils (lc3), agar and gelatine residues (lc4), biotechnological production media (lc5), products from biogas plants (lc6), aquatic plants and animals (lc7), food waste and surpluses (lc8). Waste material mass according to claim 1, characterized in that the lignocellulosic materials (2a) are dendromase (2a 1) and / or phytomass (2a2), the packaging and parts thereof from the commercial and / or municipal sphere (2b) are selected from material groups: paper (2bl), cardboard (2b2), cardboard (2b3), beverage and food packaging (2b4) of combination materials such as TetraPaky, other materials (2c) are selected from the group of materials: banknotes (2c 1), products pulp (2c2). Mass of waste materials according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is piled up into a substantially pyramidal formation with a crest or apex height of at least 1.5 m and at most 2.5 m, wherein the total mass of the meat is above 10,000 kg. Mass of waste materials according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains 50 - 65 wt. % water. Waste material mass according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least a part of the succulent substances is replaced by auxiliaries (3) as a reagent for increasing the reaction area and / or a thermal insulating agent, which consists of an auxiliary lignocellulosic material ( 3a) and / or mining and / or mining sludge (3b) and / or other waste (3c), wherein the lignocellulosic auxiliary material (3a) is selected from the group of materials: sawdust and shavings (3a1), straw pulp (3a2), bones , fruits and parts and shells thereof (3a3), husks, meals, bran (3a4), grass (3a5), aquatic biomass (3a6), and other waste (3c) is selected from the group of materials: bottom sediments (3c 1), rubber products (3c2), tannery waste (3c3). Method for producing fuel from waste materials of biological origin, the overall composition of which is as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the individual components are deposited in layers under normal atmospheric conditions in which the individual components are removed and / or depending on the moisture content, the starting moisture of the meat is 40 - 70% wt. mass and with the resultant mass flowability of the mass allowing separate maintenance of the superimposed shape, whereupon they are mechanically mixed into a homogeneous composition and even moisture distribution and piled up as a mass into a formation with a maximum height of 4 m, whereupon the surface drying of the meat associated with the mass of the masses is monitored, where in the resulting masses the meat is mechanically and / or pneumatically mixed and re-homogenized, and the leachate leaks from the lower part of the mass are monitored; to the bottom layer, the meat is mechanically and / or pneumatically mixed and re-homogenized, at the same time the development of temperature in the area at least 0.8 m above the base and at least 0.8 m below the meat surface is monitored whereupon the process ends after the temperature has stopped fluctuations at a stable temperature of maximum 40 ° C.