SK289105B6 - Method for producing fuel from biological-origin and biodegradable waste materials - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for producing fuel from a mass of waste materials of biological origin, where the individual components are deposited into layers under normal atmospheric conditions to form the mass, while the individual components are selected and/or added according to the moisture content, wherein the starting moisture of the mass is 40 to 70% wt. mass and the resulting looseness of the mass allows independent keeping of the designed shape. Subsequently, they are mechanically mixed to a homogeneous composition and to an even distribution of moisture and piled up into a formation of a triangular or trapezoidal vertical cross-section with a maximum height of 4 m. Subsequently, the surface drying of the mass related to the drifts of the mass is monitored, where the mass is mechanically and/or pneumatically mixed and re-homogenized if the drifts occur, and at the same time the leakage of a leachate from the lower part of the mass is monitored. If any leachate occurs, due to excessive settling or moisture seeping into the lower layer, the mass is mechanically and/or pneumatically mixed and re-homogenized. At the same time, the development of the temperature in the area at least 0.8 m above the base and at least 0.8 m below the surface of the mass is also monitored, while the mass is re-mixed if the temperature stagnates or drops. The process ends after stopping the temperature fluctuations at a stable temperature of maximum of 40 °C.

Description

The field of technology

The invention relates to a method of producing fuel from a biodegradable mass of waste materials of biological origin. The biodegradable mass of waste materials is primarily of biological origin containing biogenic elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, it is intended for the production of fuel for direct combustion and placed to start the process of production in an aerobic environment of common atmospheric gases.

Current state of the art

Currently, several methods are known to dispose of or use waste materials of biological origin. The best known is composting, which is an aerobic process of decomposition of material usually of plant origin, taking place under certain conditions with the contribution of microorganisms. The resulting product is usually used for fertilization or as part of the substrate for growing plants. The disadvantage of this process is that harmful substances are not removed from the starting mass, for example petroleum substances, residues of medicines and drugs, hormones, heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, poisons, dyes, etc.

In nature, also in a long-term process, the so-called carbonization (or ulmification) of a mass of plant material, which results in a combustible material such as peat or coal. However, due to the very long process, it is difficult to use for the practical use of biological waste disposal.

There is a constant need for the disposal or use of biological waste, substances in their original form that are difficult to use and risky or dangerous substances. The process of chemical-biological heating appears to be suitable, the result of which should be an easily combustible mass with significant calorific value and good fuel properties. However, the start-up and intensity of the process is highly dependent on the chemical, biological and physical properties of the starting mass. This appears to be a significant problem, because if the composition of the mass is inappropriate, the process does not take place at the desired intensity or to the appropriate extent.

The task of the invention is to create such a composition and properties of the starting mass of waste materials of biological origin and to create such conditions that the process of chemical-biological heating can start spontaneously and take place with sufficient speed, the result of which would be the material with harmful substances neutralized or disposed of, with a high energy value, usable as fuel for direct combustion.

The essence of the invention

The mentioned task is fulfilled by the invention, which is a method of producing fuel from a mass of waste materials of biological origin and biodegradable, involving the heating of biomass as a result of chemical-biological processes under aerobic conditions, while the mass of waste materials is made up of two basic groups of substances, on the one hand, juicy substances with water content 5 to 98% by weight, as a source of microflora inoculum and water, on the one hand, by non-juicy substances, in the amount of at least 15% of the total weight. mass, as a source of reducing agents and structural substances, where juicy substances are at least one type of sludge-type substances, which are formed by a liquid phase and a solid phase dispersed in a liquid phase, and where non-juicy substances are materials containing cellulose with a fraction of 15 to 750 mm. Liquid substances are sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants and/or sludge from industrial wastewater treatment plants, and/or materials of a less sludge nature. Non-juice substances are lignocellulosic materials and/or packaging and their parts from the commercial and/or municipal sphere, and/or other materials containing cellulose. The individual components are placed in layers in normal atmospheric conditions to create the mass, while the individual components are selected and/or supplemented according to the moisture content, with the starting moisture of the mass being 40 to 70% by weight. mass and the mass contains at least 25% by weight. of organic substances, where the total weight of the mass is at least 3,000 kg, while the resulting looseness of the mass enables the independent maintenance of the designed shape, for which the individual components of the mass are mechanically mixed to a homogeneous composition and to an even distribution of moisture and are piled up in a triangular or trapezoidal vertical formation cross-section with a maximum height of 4 m. The essence of the invention consists in monitoring the surface drying of the mass related to mass drifts, where the mass is mechanically and/or pneumatically mixed and re-homogenized during the resulting drifts, and at the same time, leachate leaks from the lower part of the mass are monitored, where when leachates occur, from due to excessive settling or moisture seeping into the lower layer, the mass is mechanically and/or pneumatically mixed and re-homogenized. Also, at the same time, the temperature development caused by the heating of the biomass due to chemical-biological processes is monitored in the area of at least 0.8 m above the base and at least 0.8 m below the surface of the mass, while the rising trend of the temperature is monitored, and the mass is repeatedly mixed when the temperature stagnates or drops. to restore biomass heating due to chemical-biological processes. Mixing during stagnation or drop in temperature is not repeated if the temperature during measurement does not rise above 40 °C.

It is also important for the invention that the sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is selected from the group of sludges: primary sludge, secondary sludge, tertiary sludge, raw sludge, anaerobically stabilized sludge, aerobically stabilized sludge, chemically stabilized sludge, physically stabilized sludge and dewatered sludge. Sludges from industrial wastewater treatment plants are selected from the group of sludges: sludge from pulp and paper production, sludge from plywood production and waste fibers from fiberboard production, manure, excrement, bedding and sludge from other production. Materials of a less sludge nature are selected from the group of materials: carrion, silage, haylage, fruits, vegetable fats and oils, residues from the production of agar and gelatin, nutrient soils from biotechnological production, products from biogas plants, aquatic plants and animals, and waste and surplus from food.

Lignocellulosic materials are dendromass and/or phytomass. Packaging and their parts from the commercial and/or municipal sphere are selected from the group of materials: paper, cardboard, cardboard and beverage and food packaging from combined materials, such as tetrapaks. Other materials are selected from the group of materials: banknotes and pulp products.

At least part of the juicy substances can be replaced by auxiliary substances, such as an agent for increasing the reaction surface and/or a heat insulating agent. These auxiliary substances are formed by lignocellulosic auxiliary material and/or mining and/or mine sludge and/or other waste. Auxiliary lignocellulosic material is selected from the group of materials: sawdust and shavings, straw crumbs, stones, fruits and their parts and shells, chaff, powders, bran, grass, aquatic biomass, and other waste is selected from the group of materials: bottom sediments, rubber products and tannery waste.

The advantage and higher effect of the invention is not only the obtaining of fuel with a significant calorific value, but especially the neutralization and/or decomposition of harmful substances present in the starting mass. During the very process of chemical-biological heating and transformation of the starting substances and subsequently during the controlled burning of the resulting substance - fuel, the final and complete liquidation of the vast majority of undesirable substances occurs.

In this way, their impact on the environment is minimized and, in addition, usable fuel for direct combustion is obtained.

Overview of images on drawings

The composition of the mass according to the invention and the process of processing the components is schematically shown in fig. 1. In fig. 2 shows a diagram of the accumulated mass according to the technical solution in the phase after the process has been started. In fig. 3 shows in detail part of the mass with reaction zones and microorganisms after starting the process.

In fig. 2 and fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the natural process under the conditions according to the invention. Area A is a passive zone, arrow B shows mass air transfer, arrow C is a natural escape of heat energy from the zone of the heated area, and arrow D is a natural escape of heat energy from the intensive heating zone. Areas E are individual particles of the mass, F is moisture on the surface of the particles, G shows functional microorganisms on the surface of the particles, and H is the space between the particles where the most important reactions take place.

Examples of implementation of the invention

Before several examples of the concrete composition of the mass according to the present invention are described, the basic characteristics of the chemical-biological heating process will be mentioned.

To start the process spontaneously, a mass of materials with certain biological, chemical and physical properties must be created. Mass, or its components are of biological origin and biodegradable, containing biogenic elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen. Materials do not have to be exactly defined, but they must meet certain parameters. The following are particularly important for the process itself: - the content of organic and inorganic components, - the chemical and biological properties of the components, - the percentage representation of individual components, - the content of bound and free moisture in the meat, - the size of individual particles, - the percentage representation of smaller and larger particles, - the total volume and shape of the mass,

- bulk weight,

- porosity,

- thermal insulation properties of the mass,

- gas concentration,

- duration of the process a

- conditions in the surrounding atmosphere.

During the process, the bonds in the components are thermally split and their chemical composition changes to form other substances. The structure and construction of the materials changes depending on the size of the pores and capillaries, which affect the transfer of oxygen, heat and the passage of gases. The shapes and sizes of the particles, such as dimensions, the number of edges and roundness and different angles on the particles, also affect the ongoing processes. The process takes place faster and more intensively with materials with a rough and porous surface than with materials with smooth particles. Thermodynamic properties are also important, such as mass and heat capacity of materials, thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient, etc.

For the technical solution itself, it is essential to create suitable conditions for starting and maintaining the mentioned process. This is achieved by the appropriate composition of the mass and ensuring its important parameters.

The process begins immediately or after a very short time after the formation of the base mass, first in individual deposits, which gradually increase and expand into the entire mass. The process takes place automatically in individual phases, it develops over time. Due to the fact that the very essence of the chemical-biological heating process cannot be the subject of a technical solution, its detailed explanation is not important here.

However, what is important is how to ensure that the process runs efficiently, or what steps to take to achieve process optimization. For this it is necessary:

1. Monitor the composition of the mass with a total content of organic substances of at least 25% by weight, preferably above 35% by weight.

2. To achieve the correct chemical and biological properties of the mass by being made up of two basic groups of substances, on the one hand, juicy substances 1 with a water content of 5 to 98% by weight, as a source of microflora inoculum and water, on the other hand, non-juicy substances 2, in an amount of at least 15% total weight mass, but preferably above 25 wt.% mass, as a source of reducing agents and structural substances. Part of the non-juicy substances 2 can be replaced by auxiliary substances 3, as an agent for increasing the reaction surface and/or a heat insulating agent, i.e. for optimizing the physical properties of the mass.

3. To achieve the initial moisture content of the mass after mixing before starting the process of 40 to 70% by weight. water, preferably 50 to 65 wt.%

4. Ensuring and maintaining the greatest possible amount of generated thermal energy, which changes in various stages of the process. However, the rule applies that the cooling due to the surrounding environment must be lower than the heating due to the ongoing process. The ideal development of the process occurs when the temperature rises to approximately 50 to 55 °C within 72 hours of the formation of the set, and/or when the temperature increases by 5 to 7 °C in 24 hours. The highest intensity of the process begins at a temperature above 60 °C. It is desirable that the temperature of the mass exceeds 60 °C within 96 to 120 hours from the formation of the mass, because under these conditions the individual events take place optimally. As the temperature of the mass increases, the speed and intensity of reactions increases. When the temperature increases by 10 °C, the rate of reactions increases by 2 to 4 times.

5. To ensure the correct amount of oxidizing and reducing agents in the meat. Oxidizing agents initiate the process and maintain it, reducing agents oxidize during the process. This technical solution is characterized by the fact that it uses the most available oxidizing agent, which is atmospheric oxygen. It is desirable that, in a mixture with other atmospheric gases, it forms about 21% of the volume of the gaseous component of the mass. The porosity and bulk weight of the mass, its shape and height, as well as the size of the individual fractions, the ratio of the representation of larger and smaller particles and the variety of particle shapes must be adapted to maintaining the amount of air oxygen in the mass. A larger amount of small particles increases the surface area for the reaction, larger particles ensure the porosity of the mass.

6. To adjust the size, structure, shape and amount of particles before mixing the initial mass mixture. For the course of the process, it is important to ensure and maintain its physical properties in particular. The minimum weight should be at least 3,000 kg, but preferably more than 10,000 kg. The ideal shape of the piled mass to achieve the maximum effect is basically a saddle-shaped pyramid with a ridge or peak height of at least 1.5 m and at most 2.5 m, with a vertical axial cross-section in the shape of an isosceles or equilateral triangle, or less advantageously in the shape of a trapezoid or rectangle. Such a shape and weight of the mass will ensure sufficient passage for atmospheric gases, there is no excessive settling of the mass, while maintaining the desired bulk weight and porosity of the mass and its thermal insulation properties. In an ideal case, a layer of 1.5 to 2.5 m generally insulates emerging deposits of the self-heating process very well. To achieve the maximum effect, the layer should not be higher than 3 m. At higher layers above 3 m, the mass compacts due to its own weight, the porosity decreases and the necessary oxygen content decreases.

Regarding the course of the process itself, it should be noted that in many cases, to optimize the process, it is appropriate to remove emerging gases, especially NH3, H2S, CO2 and CH4, or to promote their escape, because they can have a negative impact on transformation processes.

When rearranging the mass, it is possible to add other substances to improve the parameters to positively influence the process, speed it up and make it more efficient.

The end of the process is manifested by a spontaneous decrease in the temperature of the mass, a change in the original moisture, structure and appearance.

To the groups of substances mentioned in point 2:

We distinguish here practically three groups of substances, namely juicy substances 1, non-juicy substances 2 and auxiliary substances 3.

Liquid substances 1 are at least one type of sludge-type substances, which are formed by a liquid phase and a solid phase dispersed in the liquid phase. They are sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants 1a and/or sludge from industrial wastewater treatment plants 1b, and/or materials of a less sludge nature 1c.

Sludges from municipal wastewater treatment plants 1a are selected from the group of sludges: primary sludge 1a1, secondary sludge 1a2, tertiary sludge 1a3, raw sludge 1a4, anaerobically stabilized sludge 1a5, aerobically stabilized sludge 1a6, chemically stabilized sludge 1a7, physically stabilized sludge 1a8 and dewatered sludge 1a9.

Sludges from industrial wastewater treatment plants 1b are selected from the group of sludges: sludge from pulp and paper production 1b1, sludge from plywood production and waste fibers from the production of wood fiber boards 1b2, manure, excrement, bedding 1b3 and sludge from other production 1b4.

Materials of a less sludge nature 1c are selected from the group of materials: carrion, silage, haylage 1c1, fruits 1c2, vegetable fats and oils 1b3, residues from the production of agar and gelatin 1c4, nutrient soils from biotechnological production 1c5, products from biogas stations 1c6, aquatic plants and animals 1c7 and food waste and surpluses 1c8.

Non-juice substances 2 are materials containing cellulose with a fraction of 15 to 750 mm. They are lignocellulosic materials 2a and/or packaging and their parts from the commercial and/or municipal sphere 2b and/or other materials 2c containing cellulose.

The lignocellulosic materials 2a are dendromass 2a1 and/or phytomass 2a2.

Packaging and their parts from the commercial and/or communal sphere 2b are selected from the group of materials: paper 2B1, cardboard 2b2, cardboard 2b3, beverage and food packaging 2b4 from combined materials such as tetrapaks.

Other materials 2c are selected from the group of materials: banknotes 2c1, pulp products 2c2.

Other components 3 are lignocellulosic material 3a and/or mining and/or mine sludge 3b, and/or other waste 3c.

Auxiliary lignocellulosic material 3a is selected from the group of materials: sawdust and shavings 3a1, straw crumb 3a2, stones, fruits and their parts and shells 3a3, chaff, powders, bran 3a4, grass 3a5 and aquatic biomass 3a6.

Other waste 3c is selected from the group of materials: bottom sediments 3c1, rubber products 3c2 and leather waste 3c4.

It is advisable to adjust all materials before mixing them into the mass. Juicy substances 1, if necessary, are usually subjected to drying or re-drying, sedimentation or another type of component separation, dewatering, sterilization or pasteurization, etc. Non-juice substances 2 are usually mechanically treated, crushed, split, cut, ground and sorted. Excipients 3 are treated according to their nature chemically and/or mechanically, for example by drying and re-drying, dewatering, separating, sanitizing, etc.

After treatment, the individual components are weighed, dosed and mixed into a relatively homogeneous loose mass. It is piled up into the appropriate pyramid shape, or a saddle shape with a ridge line. In normal atmospheric conditions, the desired process starts practically within a few hours, if the composition and parameters of the mass are according to the invention.

During the process, it is possible to check parameters such as humidity and temperature, or the presence of various gases, etc. If necessary or to speed up the process, it is advisable to rearrange the mass, mix it, or supplement it to adjust the parameters of another substance. The result is a combustible mass - a fuel with a good calorific value, which can be burned directly for the subsequent production of thermal or electrical energy. The whole process is characterized by a synergistic effect in obtaining the energy potential of the mass. The calorific value of the final fuel is higher than the sum of the calorific values of the input materials.

The handling of the mass and the process of its creation in practice is usually such that the input components, in which at least 80% of the weight of the resulting mass are fractions of a maximum of 750 mm, are piled into a pile of a maximum of 4 m high, which after homogenization by mixing and settling obtains the required height of max . 3

m. The advantage of a triangular or trapezoidal vertical cross-section of the mass is that air is drawn from the surrounding environment to the base of the mass. By passing air through the core of the mass, the air is intensively heated and, heated, rises and escapes through the top of the mass, which achieves movement in the mass.

When creating a stack, components are combined and stacked on top of each other in layers. The total humidity is monitored, taking into account that the resulting starting humidity is 40 to 70% by weight. masses. Also, the resulting looseness of the mass is monitored, which allows independent maintenance of the designed shape. The components are mechanically mixed to a homogeneous composition and to an even distribution of moisture and piled up like mass into a formation. If the formation is sufficiently homogeneous after layering the components and holds its shape due to the appropriate looseness, mixing is not necessary. Independent shape retention is a sign of correct mechanical composition with suitable humidity. Then, the surface drying of the mass related to mass drifts is monitored, where the mass is mechanically and/or pneumatically mixed and re-homogenized during the resulting drifts. Runaways occur when the meat is too dry on the surface. Leaks of leachates from the lower part of the mass are also monitored, where when leachates occur, due to excessive subsidence or moisture seeping into the lower layer, the mass is mechanically and/or pneumatically re-mixed, homogenized and the moisture is distributed throughout the volume, the mass is also aerated and oxygen is replenished, which is intensively consumed in the process. Excessive subsidence, possibly the bottom layer soaked with too much moisture, would cause a limitation of the gas component necessary for the process. At the same time, the development of the temperature in the area at least 0.8 m above the base and at least 0.8 m below the surface of the mass is monitored. It is necessary to measure the temperature regularly, optimally daily, or continuously with special probes. The basic monitored parameter is the constantly rising temperature trend. It is not so important how fast the temperature rises, but it must rise. The increase in temperature is not infinite, but if stagnation or a drop in temperature is noticed, it is necessary to mix the mass again. This automatically cools the mass, but due to the ongoing reactions, the temperature will rise again. In this way, the meat is repeatedly heated and cooled, creating a typical tooth-shaped temperature curve. At the beginning of the process, the changes are very pronounced, but over time they moderate and the fluctuations become flat, which is a typical sign of the gradual depletion of usable energy. Normally, temperatures above 55 °C are reached during the process, in the ideal case the temperature rises above 70 to 75 °C, which results in the mass being sanitized.

By repeatedly increasing the temperature and subsequent cooling, which is ensured by mechanical and/or pneumatic mixing, the appropriate values for the operation of the process can easily be achieved:

- the oxygen content in the gaseous component of the mass does not fall below 12% of the volume of the gaseous component,

- the CO2 content in the gaseous component of the mass does not exceed 30% of the volume of the gaseous component,

- the nitrogen content in the gaseous component of the mass does not exceed 25% of the volume of the gaseous component,

- the moisture in the meat is uniform throughout the volume and

- due to the structure, air pockets are created in which the most intense reactions take place.

If the temperature does not rise above 40 °C after repeated mixing during measurement, this is a sign of exhaustion of usable energy for processes in the meat and the process ends. In that case, the meat has reached its peak and can be used as fuel. It is not necessary to always wait for this state to be reached, the process can be terminated earlier, but the properties of the fuel will be worse.

Before use, this fuel can be sorted, crushed, other additives can be added to it to improve its parameters, or it can be dried and granulated, extruded, etc. According to the nature of the input substances, especially with regard to the harmful substances contained in them, an analysis is carried out aimed at checking the chemical and physical properties of the fuel and checking the removal of harmful substances, ideally their complete degradation into harmless substances.

Specifically, exemplary mass compositions

Example 1

Mass composition with a total weight of 126,000 kg:

000 kg of anaerobically stabilized sludge 1a5 from the wastewater treatment plant

000 kg product from biogas stations 1c6 - digestate

000 kg of phytomass 2a2 - wheat straw

000 kg of dendromass 2a1 - wood chips

Due to parameter adjustment, after 10 days the following was added:

000 kg sawdust and shavings 3a1 - wood sawdust

000 kg of dendromass 2a1 - wood chips

Initial mass moisture: 62.3 wt.%

The process of chemical-biological self-heating lasted 29 days

Moisture before combustion of the resulting material - fuel: 33.6% by weight.

Calorific value: 9.52 MJ/kg

Example 2

Mass composition with a total weight of 108,000 kg:

000 kg of raw sludge 1a4 from the wastewater treatment plant

000 kg of mine sludge 3b

000 kg of phytomass 2a2 - wheat straw

000 kg of cut grass 3a5

000 kg of dendromass 2a1 - wood chips

000 kg of bran 3a4 - cereal chaff

Initial mass moisture: 64.2 wt.%

The process of chemical-biological self-heating lasted 19 days

Moisture before combustion of the resulting material - fuel: 43.5% by weight.

Calorific value: 7.34 MJ/kg

Example 3

Mass composition with a total weight of 110,000 kg:

000 kg of anaerobically stabilized sludge 1a5 from the wastewater treatment plant

000 kg cow manure 1b3

000 kg of dendromass 2a1 - tree leaves

000 kg straw crumb 3a2 - fine rape straw crumb

000 kg of dendromass 2a1 - wood chips

000 kg of rubber products 3c2 - crushed tires

Initial mass moisture: 66.1 wt.%

The chemical-biological heating process lasted 18 days

Moisture before combustion of the resulting material - fuel: 54.9% by weight.

Calorific value: 6.78 MJ/kg

Example 4

Mass composition with a total weight of 102,000 kg:

000 kg of sludge from pulp and paper production 1b1

000 kg of nutrient soil from biotechnological production 1c5 - deactivated, from pharmaceutical production

000 kg of sludge from other production 1b4 - from an industrial wastewater treatment plant from pharmaceutical production

000 kg of dendromass 2a1 - wood chips

000 kg of cut grass 3a5

000 kg of beverage and food packaging 2b4 - crushed packaging of the tetrapak type

000 kg of crushed cardboard 2b2

Initial mass moisture: 61.8 wt.%

The process of chemical-biological self-heating lasted 21 days

Moisture before combustion of the resulting material - fuel: 45.5% by weight.

Calorific value: 7.24 MJ/kg

Example 5

Mass composition with a total weight of 106,000 kg:

000 kg of anaerobically stabilized sludge 1a5 from the wastewater treatment plant

000 kg of waste from tanning production 3c3 - subcutaneous fat and hair from the processing of beef hides

000 kg of dendromass 2a1 - tree bark

000 kg collection paper 2b1 and shredded cardboard 2b2 - unsorted shredded mixture

000 kg haylage 1c1

000 kg surpluses from food 1c8 - solid waste from the production of sweet and savory pastries in the form of fragments of products that do not meet quality parameters and samples taken during production

000 kg of dendromass 2a1 - biodegradable waste from an orchard in the form of branches, leaves, tree cuttings

000 kg of cut grass 3a5 and fruit 1c2 - from the orchard

Initial mass moisture: 67.2 wt.%

The process of chemical-biological self-heating lasted 42 days

Moisture before combustion of the resulting material - fuel: 39.4% by weight.

Calorific value: 8.58 MJ/kg

Industrial applicability

The composition of the mass of waste materials according to the technical solution for the production of fuel for direct combustion and the method of production of this fuel are intended for the industrial disposal of biological waste and at the same time the production of 5 fuel for direct combustion or for further treatment.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS A method of producing fuel from a mass of waste materials of biological origin and biodegradable, involving the heating of biomass as a result of chemical-biological processes under aerobic conditions, while the mass of waste materials consists of two basic groups of substances, on the one hand, juicy substances (1) with a water content of 5 to 98% wt., as a source of microflora inoculum and water, on the one hand, non-juicy substances (2), in an amount of at least 15% of the total wt. mass, as a source of reducing agents and structural substances, where the juicy substances (1) are at least one type of sludge-type substances, which are formed by a liquid phase and a solid phase dispersed in the liquid phase, and where the non-juicy substances (2) are cellulose-containing materials with by a fraction of 15 to 750 mm, while the juicy substances (1) are sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants (1a) and/or sludge from industrial wastewater treatment plants (1b), and/or materials of a less sludge nature (1c), and while the non-juicy substances (2) are lignocellulosic materials (2a) and/or packaging and their parts from the commercial and/or municipal sphere (2b), and/or other materials (2c) containing cellulose, the individual components are stored in normal atmospheric conditions to form the mass into layers, while the individual components are selected and/or supplemented according to the moisture content, with the starting moisture content of the mass being 40 to 70% by weight. mass and the mass contains at least 25% by weight. of organic substances, where the total weight of the mass is at least 3,000 kg, while the resulting looseness of the mass enables the independent maintenance of the designed shape, for which the individual components of the mass are mechanically mixed to a homogeneous composition and to an even distribution of moisture and are piled up in a triangular or trapezoidal vertical formation cross-section with a maximum height of 4 m, characterized by the fact that the surface drying of the mass related to mass drifts is monitored, where the mass is mechanically and/or pneumatically mixed and re-homogenized during the resulting drifts, and at the same time the leakage of leachates from the lower part of the mass is monitored, where in the event of leachate formation, due to excessive subsidence or seepage of moisture into the lower layer, the mass is mechanically and/or pneumatically mixed and re-homogenized, the temperature development caused by the heating of the biomass as a result of chemical-biological processes is also monitored at the same time in the area of at least 0.8 m above base and at least 0.8 m below the surface of the mass, while the rising trend of the temperature is followed, and when the temperature stagnates or drops, the mass is repeatedly mixed to restore the heating of the biomass due to chemical-biological processes, while the mixing during stagnation or temperature drop is not repeated if the temperature does not rise above 40 °C during measurement.